Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2225953
Jiangtao Zhang, Peng Liu
ABSTRACT The powder spreading process is usually performed at preheating temperature in powder-bed-based additive manufacturing (AM). Thus, the powder flowability characterisation at preheating temperature is important for powder spreading processes. However, devices for traditional powder flowability characterising methods are mainly designed for specific conditions at room temperature and cannot consider the effect of temperature on powder flowability. In this work, an experimental platform with a heated rotating drum was set up and a high-speed camera was used to record powder avalanche processes in a heated rotating drum for the powder flowability characterisation at preheating temperature. Nylon and stainless steel powder flowability at different temperatures was assessed by the statistical analysis of avalanche angle, avalanche time, arithmetic mean deviation and surface linearity of powder surface profile. Four parameters provide a good characterisation of powder flowability. The results can provide guidance for the powder flowability characterisation method at preheating temperature in AM.
{"title":"Powder flowability characterisation at preheating temperature in additive manufacturing","authors":"Jiangtao Zhang, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2225953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2225953","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The powder spreading process is usually performed at preheating temperature in powder-bed-based additive manufacturing (AM). Thus, the powder flowability characterisation at preheating temperature is important for powder spreading processes. However, devices for traditional powder flowability characterising methods are mainly designed for specific conditions at room temperature and cannot consider the effect of temperature on powder flowability. In this work, an experimental platform with a heated rotating drum was set up and a high-speed camera was used to record powder avalanche processes in a heated rotating drum for the powder flowability characterisation at preheating temperature. Nylon and stainless steel powder flowability at different temperatures was assessed by the statistical analysis of avalanche angle, avalanche time, arithmetic mean deviation and surface linearity of powder surface profile. Four parameters provide a good characterisation of powder flowability. The results can provide guidance for the powder flowability characterisation method at preheating temperature in AM.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47894205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2223794
Y. Chun, Seunghyeok Chung, C. Rhee, H. Ryu
ABSTRACT This work proposes a new neutron absorber, Cu–B composites, with excellent thermal conductivity and good neutron absorbing capability. Mixtures of elemental Cu and B powders with the B contents varying between 10 and 40 at.-% were consolidated into round bars by hot extrusion. The addition of B significantly refined the grain structure, which is related to the suppression of dynamic recrystallisation during hot extrusion and extended recovery during subsequent annealing. Such fine-grained structure in Cu–B composites together with dispersion hardening by B particles contributed to the higher hardness of Cu–B composites. The thermal conductivity of Cu–B composites, being roughly two times higher than that of Al–B4C MMC, decreases with increasing the B contents, which is mainly due to higher volume fraction B particles with lower thermal conductivity, and partly to texture randomisation and refined grain structure in the Cu–B composites.
{"title":"Effects of B addition on microstructure and thermal conductivity of Cu–B composites produced by hot-extrusion of elemental powders","authors":"Y. Chun, Seunghyeok Chung, C. Rhee, H. Ryu","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2223794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2223794","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work proposes a new neutron absorber, Cu–B composites, with excellent thermal conductivity and good neutron absorbing capability. Mixtures of elemental Cu and B powders with the B contents varying between 10 and 40 at.-% were consolidated into round bars by hot extrusion. The addition of B significantly refined the grain structure, which is related to the suppression of dynamic recrystallisation during hot extrusion and extended recovery during subsequent annealing. Such fine-grained structure in Cu–B composites together with dispersion hardening by B particles contributed to the higher hardness of Cu–B composites. The thermal conductivity of Cu–B composites, being roughly two times higher than that of Al–B4C MMC, decreases with increasing the B contents, which is mainly due to higher volume fraction B particles with lower thermal conductivity, and partly to texture randomisation and refined grain structure in the Cu–B composites.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2223019
S. Dewangan, C. Nagarjuna, Hansung Lee, Ashutosh Sharma, B. Ahn
ABSTRACT A preliminary study has been performed to understand the effect of pressureless sintering on the surface morphology of the AlFeCoNi alloy by the addition of the Si element. This study aims to determine the possibility of achieving the densification of high entropy alloy using the conventional sintering technique. The results indicate that the HEAs have a single-phase BCC structure even with the addition of Si. The thermodynamic simulation (CALPHAD) was used to predict the phase formation. The variation of crystallite sizes and lattice strains caused by sintering temperatures was also discussed. In addition, densification mechanisms occurring with the different sintering temperatures have been discussed. The formation of porosity was observed, however, the density of HEAs improved with increasing sintering temperature. Ultimately, it was suggested that the present HEAs required higher sintering temperatures and a longer time to achieve high density.
{"title":"Surface morphology transformation and densification behaviour of conventionally sintered AlFeCoNiSi high entropy alloys","authors":"S. Dewangan, C. Nagarjuna, Hansung Lee, Ashutosh Sharma, B. Ahn","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2223019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2223019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A preliminary study has been performed to understand the effect of pressureless sintering on the surface morphology of the AlFeCoNi alloy by the addition of the Si element. This study aims to determine the possibility of achieving the densification of high entropy alloy using the conventional sintering technique. The results indicate that the HEAs have a single-phase BCC structure even with the addition of Si. The thermodynamic simulation (CALPHAD) was used to predict the phase formation. The variation of crystallite sizes and lattice strains caused by sintering temperatures was also discussed. In addition, densification mechanisms occurring with the different sintering temperatures have been discussed. The formation of porosity was observed, however, the density of HEAs improved with increasing sintering temperature. Ultimately, it was suggested that the present HEAs required higher sintering temperatures and a longer time to achieve high density.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44395023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2223015
Long Li, Lei Peng, Wei Zhao
ABSTRACT An apparatus was developed to study the effects of operating parameters on liquid spreading and particle size in centrifugal atomisation. Different areas of aluminium spreading on the surface of the rotary disc were observed, in which the diameter of the ‘Plane area’ showed a linear relationship with the rotational speed. The microscopic morphology of the aluminium powder samples was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The variation of particle size distribution curve with rotational speed was explored, and the shape of the curve was changed from ‘Single-peak’ to ‘Double-peak’ when the rotating speed increased to a certain value. The effect of the fragmentation mode on the particle size distribution and median diameter was analysed. The variation of the median diameter of the powder with the rotating speed was obtained. The effect of different disc configurations on the particle size was obtained.
{"title":"Effects of process parameters on the spreading morphology of disc surface and aluminium powder produced by centrifugal atomisation","authors":"Long Li, Lei Peng, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2223015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2223015","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An apparatus was developed to study the effects of operating parameters on liquid spreading and particle size in centrifugal atomisation. Different areas of aluminium spreading on the surface of the rotary disc were observed, in which the diameter of the ‘Plane area’ showed a linear relationship with the rotational speed. The microscopic morphology of the aluminium powder samples was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The variation of particle size distribution curve with rotational speed was explored, and the shape of the curve was changed from ‘Single-peak’ to ‘Double-peak’ when the rotating speed increased to a certain value. The effect of the fragmentation mode on the particle size distribution and median diameter was analysed. The variation of the median diameter of the powder with the rotating speed was obtained. The effect of different disc configurations on the particle size was obtained.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45574174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2219511
M. Nöthe, J. Trapp, A. Semenov, B. Kieback, T. Wallmersperger
ABSTRACT Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is an innovative sintering technique, whereby many of the beneficial effects of this process on sintering are still elusive. To allow for the detailed investigations of the SPS process, a custom experimental set-up and a corresponding finite element (FE) model was developed. The miniaturised setup allows for very high current intensities, custom pulse patterns, a wide pressure range and dilatometric measurements. The FE model was employed to calculate the temperature field in the set-up and the sintering specimen itself. A very good correlation of the temperature, current and voltage over the entire process was observed. Our investigations show that the contact conductivities have a significant impact on the process temperature. Also, the imperfect contacts at the interfaces between the graphite foil and the real specimen may lead to a significant variance of the currents necessary to obtain the desired sintering temperature.
{"title":"Miniaturised test-setup for Spark Plasma Sintering – experimental and numerical investigations","authors":"M. Nöthe, J. Trapp, A. Semenov, B. Kieback, T. Wallmersperger","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2219511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2219511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is an innovative sintering technique, whereby many of the beneficial effects of this process on sintering are still elusive. To allow for the detailed investigations of the SPS process, a custom experimental set-up and a corresponding finite element (FE) model was developed. The miniaturised setup allows for very high current intensities, custom pulse patterns, a wide pressure range and dilatometric measurements. The FE model was employed to calculate the temperature field in the set-up and the sintering specimen itself. A very good correlation of the temperature, current and voltage over the entire process was observed. Our investigations show that the contact conductivities have a significant impact on the process temperature. Also, the imperfect contacts at the interfaces between the graphite foil and the real specimen may lead to a significant variance of the currents necessary to obtain the desired sintering temperature.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2219145
C. Nagarjuna, S. Dewangan, Kwan Lee, B. Ahn
ABSTRACT In this study, TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) composites were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of composite HEAs were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of TiC has no effect on the crystal structure, however, the microstructure and mechanical properties show a strong dependency on the TiC content. Compared to the original HEA, the composite HEA shows decreased grain size, resulting in TiC nanoparticles (NPs) retarding grain growth by pinning the grain boundaries. With increasing TiC content from 0 to 4 wt-%, significant increases in the hardness from 410 to 480 HV and compressive yield strength from 680 to 1100 MPa, which is mainly due to the grain boundary and dispersion strengthening effects. Moreover, the thermal expansion curves show linear increments up to 800°C and decrease with increasing TiC content.
{"title":"Mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering","authors":"C. Nagarjuna, S. Dewangan, Kwan Lee, B. Ahn","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2219145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2219145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) composites were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of composite HEAs were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of TiC has no effect on the crystal structure, however, the microstructure and mechanical properties show a strong dependency on the TiC content. Compared to the original HEA, the composite HEA shows decreased grain size, resulting in TiC nanoparticles (NPs) retarding grain growth by pinning the grain boundaries. With increasing TiC content from 0 to 4 wt-%, significant increases in the hardness from 410 to 480 HV and compressive yield strength from 680 to 1100 MPa, which is mainly due to the grain boundary and dispersion strengthening effects. Moreover, the thermal expansion curves show linear increments up to 800°C and decrease with increasing TiC content.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2218678
Foad Haghniaz, D. Delbergue, Raphaël Côté, V. Demers
ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the flow patterns and in-cavity pressures obtained experimentally and numerically for different conditions. Four feedstocks based on 17-4PH stainless steel powder were fully characterised and implemented as material laws in an Autodesk Moldflow package before to obtain numerical simulations that were then validated using real-scale injections. The flow patterns obtained numerically for the different flat bar mold geometries were in good agreement with the experimental flow patterns, showing an almost perfect fit, whereas for the flow patterns of the complex mold geometry, there were some minor discrepancies. The simulated pressure profiles obtained for different mold geometries, feedstock temperatures, mold temperatures and solid loadings were in good agreement with the experimental pressure profiles in terms of trend and pressure values, with maximum relative differences varying from 30 to 64% depending on particular feedstocks and process parameters.
{"title":"Mold filling behaviour of LPIM feedstocks using numerical simulations and real-scale injections","authors":"Foad Haghniaz, D. Delbergue, Raphaël Côté, V. Demers","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2218678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2218678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the flow patterns and in-cavity pressures obtained experimentally and numerically for different conditions. Four feedstocks based on 17-4PH stainless steel powder were fully characterised and implemented as material laws in an Autodesk Moldflow package before to obtain numerical simulations that were then validated using real-scale injections. The flow patterns obtained numerically for the different flat bar mold geometries were in good agreement with the experimental flow patterns, showing an almost perfect fit, whereas for the flow patterns of the complex mold geometry, there were some minor discrepancies. The simulated pressure profiles obtained for different mold geometries, feedstock temperatures, mold temperatures and solid loadings were in good agreement with the experimental pressure profiles in terms of trend and pressure values, with maximum relative differences varying from 30 to 64% depending on particular feedstocks and process parameters.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44793200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2213006
E. Gil, A. Mancisidor, A. Iturrioz, F. Garciandía, M. San Sebastian
ABSTRACT Maraging steel 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is widely used for manufacturing inserts and moulds with conformal cooling channels. For such applications, high fracture toughness and strength are required to withstand thermal fatigue and any defect like pores, lack of fusion and cracks should be avoided so that the durability of the mould is not reduced. Maraging steel is prone to be cracked due to thermal gradients which arise during PBF-LB/M. Moreover, it was recently observed that slight variations in composition led to the crack’s presence, which implied lower mechanical properties. In this study, two powder batches, from the same powder producer, were employed with the same processing parameters. The effect of small changes in minor elements composition of the powder batch on cracking was studied and the preheating temperature was varied to significantly reduce the crack density. The presence of cracks significantly reduced the ductility of the parts.
{"title":"Cracking susceptibility of maraging parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: study on the powder characteristics and baseplate preheating influence","authors":"E. Gil, A. Mancisidor, A. Iturrioz, F. Garciandía, M. San Sebastian","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2213006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2213006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maraging steel 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is widely used for manufacturing inserts and moulds with conformal cooling channels. For such applications, high fracture toughness and strength are required to withstand thermal fatigue and any defect like pores, lack of fusion and cracks should be avoided so that the durability of the mould is not reduced. Maraging steel is prone to be cracked due to thermal gradients which arise during PBF-LB/M. Moreover, it was recently observed that slight variations in composition led to the crack’s presence, which implied lower mechanical properties. In this study, two powder batches, from the same powder producer, were employed with the same processing parameters. The effect of small changes in minor elements composition of the powder batch on cracking was studied and the preheating temperature was varied to significantly reduce the crack density. The presence of cracks significantly reduced the ductility of the parts.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43842739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-20DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2213002
Gezhou Wang, Y. Deng, F. Adjei-Kyeremeh, Jiali Zhang, I. Raffeis, A. Bührig-Polaczek, A. Kaletsch, C. Broeckmann
ABSTRACT As gas atomisation has been the main method for producing high-performance spherical powders in the past decades, its application in the production of metallic powders has become one of the main research subjects in this field. Since it is challenging to directly observe the atomising gas and to investigate melt flow states by experiments, numerical simulation is attracting increasing interest in studying the gas atomisation process. In this work, various computational fluid dynamics models were implemented to simulate the gas atomisation process. With the models, the droplet breakup, cooling, and solidification within the coupled process were investigated. The final mean particle size was predicted through numerical simulations and compared with the statistics extracted from the gas atomisation process, which shows that a reasonable mass median diameter of the particle can be predicted numerically. The results also show a clear relationship between the breakup trajectory and the resulting particle size.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of droplet breakup, cooling, and solidification during gas atomisation","authors":"Gezhou Wang, Y. Deng, F. Adjei-Kyeremeh, Jiali Zhang, I. Raffeis, A. Bührig-Polaczek, A. Kaletsch, C. Broeckmann","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2213002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2213002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As gas atomisation has been the main method for producing high-performance spherical powders in the past decades, its application in the production of metallic powders has become one of the main research subjects in this field. Since it is challenging to directly observe the atomising gas and to investigate melt flow states by experiments, numerical simulation is attracting increasing interest in studying the gas atomisation process. In this work, various computational fluid dynamics models were implemented to simulate the gas atomisation process. With the models, the droplet breakup, cooling, and solidification within the coupled process were investigated. The final mean particle size was predicted through numerical simulations and compared with the statistics extracted from the gas atomisation process, which shows that a reasonable mass median diameter of the particle can be predicted numerically. The results also show a clear relationship between the breakup trajectory and the resulting particle size.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) is a widely studied technique fabricating metal parts. In this study, bimodal 316L stainless steel powder mixture of coarse (D50 – 34.1μm) and fine (D50 – 6.28μm) powders were designed for BJAM. Infiltration was used to improve the density of BJAMed parts. Bimodal powder mixture showed clear advantage over unimodal powder system on density and mechanical property of BJAMed parts. Upon solid-phase sintering, BJAMed 316 stainless steel of bimodal powder mixture (9:1 mass ratio of coarse to fine powder) showed relative density 97.19% and tensile strength 343.62 MPa, as compared with relative density 84.55% and tensile strength 291.59 MPa for pure coarse powder. For the same bimodal powder mixture, bronze infiltration, compared with solid-phase sintering, resulted in noticeably higher relative density 99.92% and tensile strength 621.63 MPa. Compared with solid-phase sintering, infiltration significantly reduced the volumetric shrinkage.
{"title":"Effect of feedstock bimodal powder mixture and infiltration process on mechanical behaviour of binder jetting processed 316L stainless steel","authors":"Xuhao Liang, X. Meng, Peishen Ni, Zhe Zhao, X. Deng, Guanqiao Chen, Yongxuan Chen, Shidi Li, Shanghua Wu, Jinyang Liu, Z. Qu, Feng Jin","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2213005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2213005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) is a widely studied technique fabricating metal parts. In this study, bimodal 316L stainless steel powder mixture of coarse (D50 – 34.1μm) and fine (D50 – 6.28μm) powders were designed for BJAM. Infiltration was used to improve the density of BJAMed parts. Bimodal powder mixture showed clear advantage over unimodal powder system on density and mechanical property of BJAMed parts. Upon solid-phase sintering, BJAMed 316 stainless steel of bimodal powder mixture (9:1 mass ratio of coarse to fine powder) showed relative density 97.19% and tensile strength 343.62 MPa, as compared with relative density 84.55% and tensile strength 291.59 MPa for pure coarse powder. For the same bimodal powder mixture, bronze infiltration, compared with solid-phase sintering, resulted in noticeably higher relative density 99.92% and tensile strength 621.63 MPa. Compared with solid-phase sintering, infiltration significantly reduced the volumetric shrinkage.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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