Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2219511
M. Nöthe, J. Trapp, A. Semenov, B. Kieback, T. Wallmersperger
ABSTRACT Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is an innovative sintering technique, whereby many of the beneficial effects of this process on sintering are still elusive. To allow for the detailed investigations of the SPS process, a custom experimental set-up and a corresponding finite element (FE) model was developed. The miniaturised setup allows for very high current intensities, custom pulse patterns, a wide pressure range and dilatometric measurements. The FE model was employed to calculate the temperature field in the set-up and the sintering specimen itself. A very good correlation of the temperature, current and voltage over the entire process was observed. Our investigations show that the contact conductivities have a significant impact on the process temperature. Also, the imperfect contacts at the interfaces between the graphite foil and the real specimen may lead to a significant variance of the currents necessary to obtain the desired sintering temperature.
{"title":"Miniaturised test-setup for Spark Plasma Sintering – experimental and numerical investigations","authors":"M. Nöthe, J. Trapp, A. Semenov, B. Kieback, T. Wallmersperger","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2219511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2219511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is an innovative sintering technique, whereby many of the beneficial effects of this process on sintering are still elusive. To allow for the detailed investigations of the SPS process, a custom experimental set-up and a corresponding finite element (FE) model was developed. The miniaturised setup allows for very high current intensities, custom pulse patterns, a wide pressure range and dilatometric measurements. The FE model was employed to calculate the temperature field in the set-up and the sintering specimen itself. A very good correlation of the temperature, current and voltage over the entire process was observed. Our investigations show that the contact conductivities have a significant impact on the process temperature. Also, the imperfect contacts at the interfaces between the graphite foil and the real specimen may lead to a significant variance of the currents necessary to obtain the desired sintering temperature.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2219145
C. Nagarjuna, S. Dewangan, Kwan Lee, B. Ahn
ABSTRACT In this study, TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) composites were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of composite HEAs were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of TiC has no effect on the crystal structure, however, the microstructure and mechanical properties show a strong dependency on the TiC content. Compared to the original HEA, the composite HEA shows decreased grain size, resulting in TiC nanoparticles (NPs) retarding grain growth by pinning the grain boundaries. With increasing TiC content from 0 to 4 wt-%, significant increases in the hardness from 410 to 480 HV and compressive yield strength from 680 to 1100 MPa, which is mainly due to the grain boundary and dispersion strengthening effects. Moreover, the thermal expansion curves show linear increments up to 800°C and decrease with increasing TiC content.
{"title":"Mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering","authors":"C. Nagarjuna, S. Dewangan, Kwan Lee, B. Ahn","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2219145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2219145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) composites were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of composite HEAs were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of TiC has no effect on the crystal structure, however, the microstructure and mechanical properties show a strong dependency on the TiC content. Compared to the original HEA, the composite HEA shows decreased grain size, resulting in TiC nanoparticles (NPs) retarding grain growth by pinning the grain boundaries. With increasing TiC content from 0 to 4 wt-%, significant increases in the hardness from 410 to 480 HV and compressive yield strength from 680 to 1100 MPa, which is mainly due to the grain boundary and dispersion strengthening effects. Moreover, the thermal expansion curves show linear increments up to 800°C and decrease with increasing TiC content.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2218678
Foad Haghniaz, D. Delbergue, Raphaël Côté, V. Demers
ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the flow patterns and in-cavity pressures obtained experimentally and numerically for different conditions. Four feedstocks based on 17-4PH stainless steel powder were fully characterised and implemented as material laws in an Autodesk Moldflow package before to obtain numerical simulations that were then validated using real-scale injections. The flow patterns obtained numerically for the different flat bar mold geometries were in good agreement with the experimental flow patterns, showing an almost perfect fit, whereas for the flow patterns of the complex mold geometry, there were some minor discrepancies. The simulated pressure profiles obtained for different mold geometries, feedstock temperatures, mold temperatures and solid loadings were in good agreement with the experimental pressure profiles in terms of trend and pressure values, with maximum relative differences varying from 30 to 64% depending on particular feedstocks and process parameters.
{"title":"Mold filling behaviour of LPIM feedstocks using numerical simulations and real-scale injections","authors":"Foad Haghniaz, D. Delbergue, Raphaël Côté, V. Demers","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2218678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2218678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the flow patterns and in-cavity pressures obtained experimentally and numerically for different conditions. Four feedstocks based on 17-4PH stainless steel powder were fully characterised and implemented as material laws in an Autodesk Moldflow package before to obtain numerical simulations that were then validated using real-scale injections. The flow patterns obtained numerically for the different flat bar mold geometries were in good agreement with the experimental flow patterns, showing an almost perfect fit, whereas for the flow patterns of the complex mold geometry, there were some minor discrepancies. The simulated pressure profiles obtained for different mold geometries, feedstock temperatures, mold temperatures and solid loadings were in good agreement with the experimental pressure profiles in terms of trend and pressure values, with maximum relative differences varying from 30 to 64% depending on particular feedstocks and process parameters.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44793200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2213006
E. Gil, A. Mancisidor, A. Iturrioz, F. Garciandía, M. San Sebastian
ABSTRACT Maraging steel 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is widely used for manufacturing inserts and moulds with conformal cooling channels. For such applications, high fracture toughness and strength are required to withstand thermal fatigue and any defect like pores, lack of fusion and cracks should be avoided so that the durability of the mould is not reduced. Maraging steel is prone to be cracked due to thermal gradients which arise during PBF-LB/M. Moreover, it was recently observed that slight variations in composition led to the crack’s presence, which implied lower mechanical properties. In this study, two powder batches, from the same powder producer, were employed with the same processing parameters. The effect of small changes in minor elements composition of the powder batch on cracking was studied and the preheating temperature was varied to significantly reduce the crack density. The presence of cracks significantly reduced the ductility of the parts.
{"title":"Cracking susceptibility of maraging parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: study on the powder characteristics and baseplate preheating influence","authors":"E. Gil, A. Mancisidor, A. Iturrioz, F. Garciandía, M. San Sebastian","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2213006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2213006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maraging steel 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is widely used for manufacturing inserts and moulds with conformal cooling channels. For such applications, high fracture toughness and strength are required to withstand thermal fatigue and any defect like pores, lack of fusion and cracks should be avoided so that the durability of the mould is not reduced. Maraging steel is prone to be cracked due to thermal gradients which arise during PBF-LB/M. Moreover, it was recently observed that slight variations in composition led to the crack’s presence, which implied lower mechanical properties. In this study, two powder batches, from the same powder producer, were employed with the same processing parameters. The effect of small changes in minor elements composition of the powder batch on cracking was studied and the preheating temperature was varied to significantly reduce the crack density. The presence of cracks significantly reduced the ductility of the parts.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43842739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-20DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2213002
Gezhou Wang, Y. Deng, F. Adjei-Kyeremeh, Jiali Zhang, I. Raffeis, A. Bührig-Polaczek, A. Kaletsch, C. Broeckmann
ABSTRACT As gas atomisation has been the main method for producing high-performance spherical powders in the past decades, its application in the production of metallic powders has become one of the main research subjects in this field. Since it is challenging to directly observe the atomising gas and to investigate melt flow states by experiments, numerical simulation is attracting increasing interest in studying the gas atomisation process. In this work, various computational fluid dynamics models were implemented to simulate the gas atomisation process. With the models, the droplet breakup, cooling, and solidification within the coupled process were investigated. The final mean particle size was predicted through numerical simulations and compared with the statistics extracted from the gas atomisation process, which shows that a reasonable mass median diameter of the particle can be predicted numerically. The results also show a clear relationship between the breakup trajectory and the resulting particle size.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of droplet breakup, cooling, and solidification during gas atomisation","authors":"Gezhou Wang, Y. Deng, F. Adjei-Kyeremeh, Jiali Zhang, I. Raffeis, A. Bührig-Polaczek, A. Kaletsch, C. Broeckmann","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2213002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2213002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As gas atomisation has been the main method for producing high-performance spherical powders in the past decades, its application in the production of metallic powders has become one of the main research subjects in this field. Since it is challenging to directly observe the atomising gas and to investigate melt flow states by experiments, numerical simulation is attracting increasing interest in studying the gas atomisation process. In this work, various computational fluid dynamics models were implemented to simulate the gas atomisation process. With the models, the droplet breakup, cooling, and solidification within the coupled process were investigated. The final mean particle size was predicted through numerical simulations and compared with the statistics extracted from the gas atomisation process, which shows that a reasonable mass median diameter of the particle can be predicted numerically. The results also show a clear relationship between the breakup trajectory and the resulting particle size.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) is a widely studied technique fabricating metal parts. In this study, bimodal 316L stainless steel powder mixture of coarse (D50 – 34.1μm) and fine (D50 – 6.28μm) powders were designed for BJAM. Infiltration was used to improve the density of BJAMed parts. Bimodal powder mixture showed clear advantage over unimodal powder system on density and mechanical property of BJAMed parts. Upon solid-phase sintering, BJAMed 316 stainless steel of bimodal powder mixture (9:1 mass ratio of coarse to fine powder) showed relative density 97.19% and tensile strength 343.62 MPa, as compared with relative density 84.55% and tensile strength 291.59 MPa for pure coarse powder. For the same bimodal powder mixture, bronze infiltration, compared with solid-phase sintering, resulted in noticeably higher relative density 99.92% and tensile strength 621.63 MPa. Compared with solid-phase sintering, infiltration significantly reduced the volumetric shrinkage.
{"title":"Effect of feedstock bimodal powder mixture and infiltration process on mechanical behaviour of binder jetting processed 316L stainless steel","authors":"Xuhao Liang, X. Meng, Peishen Ni, Zhe Zhao, X. Deng, Guanqiao Chen, Yongxuan Chen, Shidi Li, Shanghua Wu, Jinyang Liu, Z. Qu, Feng Jin","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2213005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2213005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) is a widely studied technique fabricating metal parts. In this study, bimodal 316L stainless steel powder mixture of coarse (D50 – 34.1μm) and fine (D50 – 6.28μm) powders were designed for BJAM. Infiltration was used to improve the density of BJAMed parts. Bimodal powder mixture showed clear advantage over unimodal powder system on density and mechanical property of BJAMed parts. Upon solid-phase sintering, BJAMed 316 stainless steel of bimodal powder mixture (9:1 mass ratio of coarse to fine powder) showed relative density 97.19% and tensile strength 343.62 MPa, as compared with relative density 84.55% and tensile strength 291.59 MPa for pure coarse powder. For the same bimodal powder mixture, bronze infiltration, compared with solid-phase sintering, resulted in noticeably higher relative density 99.92% and tensile strength 621.63 MPa. Compared with solid-phase sintering, infiltration significantly reduced the volumetric shrinkage.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2211410
L. Olmos, D. Bouvard, O. Jiménez, J. Chávez, R. Macias
ABSTRACT This works proposes a methodology for fabricating materials with specific characteristics mimicking human bones. A Ti64 alloy powder was used as the base material and it was mixed with Ag, Ta, TiN and salt particles to obtain different features. A hip-bone like component was fabricated, including a highly porous core of Ti64/25Ta/5Ag and a compact outer shell of Ti64/5Ag that is supposed to improve corrosion and osseointegration. Besides, a harder cover surface in Ti64/10TiN composite should increase the wear resistance. The green component was sintered at 1260°C in argon. Its Young’s modulus was close to the one of bones due to the added porosity, which also provided a permeability close to the one reported for trabecular bones. Tribocorrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid was improved by TiN addition. In conclusion, the proposed processing route was able to produce complex components fulfilling specific features required for human bone replacement.
{"title":"Fabrication of tailored Ti6Al4V-based materials by conventional powder metallurgy for bone implant applications","authors":"L. Olmos, D. Bouvard, O. Jiménez, J. Chávez, R. Macias","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2211410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2211410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This works proposes a methodology for fabricating materials with specific characteristics mimicking human bones. A Ti64 alloy powder was used as the base material and it was mixed with Ag, Ta, TiN and salt particles to obtain different features. A hip-bone like component was fabricated, including a highly porous core of Ti64/25Ta/5Ag and a compact outer shell of Ti64/5Ag that is supposed to improve corrosion and osseointegration. Besides, a harder cover surface in Ti64/10TiN composite should increase the wear resistance. The green component was sintered at 1260°C in argon. Its Young’s modulus was close to the one of bones due to the added porosity, which also provided a permeability close to the one reported for trabecular bones. Tribocorrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid was improved by TiN addition. In conclusion, the proposed processing route was able to produce complex components fulfilling specific features required for human bone replacement.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46309117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2207863
K. Nayak, J. Han, C. Jung, M. Joo, K.B. Lee, D. Bae, H.J. Choi
ABSTRACT In the present study, the composite sheets were produced by powder rolling the ball-milled Al/SiC mixture. The effect of milling speed (350–550 rev min–1) and milling duration (8 and 12 h) on the Al particle morphology and subsequent mechanical properties were examined for composites with different volume fractions of SiC. From the microstructural investigation, SiC particles are evenly distributed and well dispersed in the Al matrix; those are prepared under higher milling speed (550 rev min–1) and higher milling time (12 h). Furthermore, the flattened-shaped particle morphology was obtained under lower milling conditions, whereas the reduced-granule shape was obtained under higher milling conditions (550 rev min–1, 12 h). Consequently, the Al/SiC composite sheets made from a granule-shaped Al/SiC mixture show higher density, microhardness, and tensile strength due to significant consolidation and SiC uniformity. In addition, the tensile strength of 430.26 MPa has been achieved for the Al/2vol.-%SiC sheet compared to pure Al (393.49 MPa) under similar processing conditions.
{"title":"Synergetic effect of milling speed and duration on particle morphology and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Al matrix containing SiC","authors":"K. Nayak, J. Han, C. Jung, M. Joo, K.B. Lee, D. Bae, H.J. Choi","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2207863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2207863","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present study, the composite sheets were produced by powder rolling the ball-milled Al/SiC mixture. The effect of milling speed (350–550 rev min–1) and milling duration (8 and 12 h) on the Al particle morphology and subsequent mechanical properties were examined for composites with different volume fractions of SiC. From the microstructural investigation, SiC particles are evenly distributed and well dispersed in the Al matrix; those are prepared under higher milling speed (550 rev min–1) and higher milling time (12 h). Furthermore, the flattened-shaped particle morphology was obtained under lower milling conditions, whereas the reduced-granule shape was obtained under higher milling conditions (550 rev min–1, 12 h). Consequently, the Al/SiC composite sheets made from a granule-shaped Al/SiC mixture show higher density, microhardness, and tensile strength due to significant consolidation and SiC uniformity. In addition, the tensile strength of 430.26 MPa has been achieved for the Al/2vol.-%SiC sheet compared to pure Al (393.49 MPa) under similar processing conditions.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2202953
Zejun Wang, Yuyuan Zhao
ABSTRACT The effects of five key processing parameters on the real and electroactive surface areas of porous nickel samples produced by the Lost Carbonate Sintering (LCS) process have been investigated systematically. The specific real and electroactive surface areas of the LCS porous Ni samples are 500–1600 cm−1 and 80–115 cm−1. Pore size, compacting pressure and sintering temperature have no significant effect on the surface areas. Porosity has no effect on the gravimetric real surface area, but a higher porosity leads to a lower volumetric real surface area and a higher electroactive surface area. Metal particle size has a huge effect on the surface areas of the LCS porous metal. An intermediate amount of fine Ni powder results in the highest real surface area, approximately 70% higher than the samples produced with coarse Ni powder. Samples produced with fine Ni powder can increase the electroactive surface area by up to 100%.
{"title":"Effects of processing conditions and fine powder loading on real and electroactive surface areas of porous nickel manufactured by lost carbonate sintering","authors":"Zejun Wang, Yuyuan Zhao","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2202953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2202953","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of five key processing parameters on the real and electroactive surface areas of porous nickel samples produced by the Lost Carbonate Sintering (LCS) process have been investigated systematically. The specific real and electroactive surface areas of the LCS porous Ni samples are 500–1600 cm−1 and 80–115 cm−1. Pore size, compacting pressure and sintering temperature have no significant effect on the surface areas. Porosity has no effect on the gravimetric real surface area, but a higher porosity leads to a lower volumetric real surface area and a higher electroactive surface area. Metal particle size has a huge effect on the surface areas of the LCS porous metal. An intermediate amount of fine Ni powder results in the highest real surface area, approximately 70% higher than the samples produced with coarse Ni powder. Samples produced with fine Ni powder can increase the electroactive surface area by up to 100%.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41923885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2023.2202947
M. Sun, Suiyuan Chen, M. Wei, Jing Liang, Changsheng Liu, Mei Wang
ABSTRACT 24CrNiMoY alloy steel with high strength and toughness was prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy steel samples prepared by SLM using different laser energies were studied. The results showed that with increasing energy density, the internal defects of the sample first decreased and then increased, and the hardness and tensile properties also showed a trend of increasing at first but decreasing afterwards. When the energy density was 100.7 J/mm3, the alloy steel sample has the fewest defects and the highest hardness (391.2 HV0.2). The tensile strength and impact toughness also reached the best state: the tensile strength was 1252.83 MPa, the yield strength was 1041.62 MPa, the elongation to fracture was 12.89%, and the impact toughness was 65.7 J. The microstructure of 24CrNiMoY alloy steel prepared by SLM is mainly composed of fine lath martensite, which has good strength and toughness.
{"title":"Preparation of 24CrNiMoY alloy steel with high strength and toughness by selective laser melting","authors":"M. Sun, Suiyuan Chen, M. Wei, Jing Liang, Changsheng Liu, Mei Wang","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2023.2202947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2023.2202947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT 24CrNiMoY alloy steel with high strength and toughness was prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy steel samples prepared by SLM using different laser energies were studied. The results showed that with increasing energy density, the internal defects of the sample first decreased and then increased, and the hardness and tensile properties also showed a trend of increasing at first but decreasing afterwards. When the energy density was 100.7 J/mm3, the alloy steel sample has the fewest defects and the highest hardness (391.2 HV0.2). The tensile strength and impact toughness also reached the best state: the tensile strength was 1252.83 MPa, the yield strength was 1041.62 MPa, the elongation to fracture was 12.89%, and the impact toughness was 65.7 J. The microstructure of 24CrNiMoY alloy steel prepared by SLM is mainly composed of fine lath martensite, which has good strength and toughness.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48105383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：