Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2010932
S. Hatami
ABSTRACT This study reports the variability of the fatigue strength of specimens manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion process with respect to their location on the build plate. Specimens from the right-hand and left-hand halves of the build plate were tested under high cycle fatigue. Comparison of the fatigue data suggests that the specimens manufactured on the right-hand half of the build plate have a higher fatigue strength than those manufactured on the left-hand half. One reason for the observed discrepancy in fatigue strength was the higher accumulation of spattered powder particles on the left-hand side as compared to the right-hand side of the build plate. These spattered particles are oxidised, and form defects such as inclusions within the specimen.
{"title":"Variation of fatigue strength of parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"S. Hatami","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2010932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2010932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study reports the variability of the fatigue strength of specimens manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion process with respect to their location on the build plate. Specimens from the right-hand and left-hand halves of the build plate were tested under high cycle fatigue. Comparison of the fatigue data suggests that the specimens manufactured on the right-hand half of the build plate have a higher fatigue strength than those manufactured on the left-hand half. One reason for the observed discrepancy in fatigue strength was the higher accumulation of spattered powder particles on the left-hand side as compared to the right-hand side of the build plate. These spattered particles are oxidised, and form defects such as inclusions within the specimen.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"259 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46225347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2014650
Q. Qin, G. Li, Fang Yang, Pei Li, Cun-guang Chen, J. Hao, Zhimeng Guo
ABSTRACT Powder metallurgy high-silicon steel strip (Fe–6.5 wt-% Si) was prepared by directly sintering followed by rolling using gas atomised powder with low oxygen content. Due to its poor formability, the gas atomised powder was directly sintered with something heavy of 1 kg overlaid on powder top. The relative density of sintered samples was about 94.1% and the porosity was 5.9%. The pore pinning effect prevented the formation of extremely large grains during sintering, which was beneficial for subsequent rolling. The grain size was controlled in the range of 100–300 μm. After cold rolling, a large number of sub-grain boundaries and deformation bands were generated, which increased the strength to 1190 MPa. It was worth noting that these two would disappear after annealing. Instead, ordered B2 and D03 phases were formed, and the texture of high-silicon steel was mainly {100}<110>. A low iron loss W10/50 value of 0.55 W kg−1 was achieved.
摘要采用低含氧量的气体雾化粉末，通过直接烧结和轧制制备了粉末冶金高硅钢带（Fe–6.5wt%Si）。由于其成型性差，气体雾化粉末直接用1的重物烧结 kg覆盖在粉末顶部。烧结样品的相对密度约为94.1%，孔隙率为5.9%。孔钉扎效应防止了烧结过程中形成超大晶粒，有利于后续轧制。晶粒度控制在100–300之间 μm。冷轧后，产生了大量的亚晶界和变形带，使强度提高到1190 MPa。值得注意的是，这两者在退火后会消失。相反，形成了有序的B2和D03相，高硅钢的织构主要为{100}。低铁损W10/50值为0.55 W 达到kg−1。
{"title":"Magnetic performance and microstructure characterisation of powder metallurgy Fe–6.5 wt-% Si high-silicon steel","authors":"Q. Qin, G. Li, Fang Yang, Pei Li, Cun-guang Chen, J. Hao, Zhimeng Guo","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2014650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2014650","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Powder metallurgy high-silicon steel strip (Fe–6.5 wt-% Si) was prepared by directly sintering followed by rolling using gas atomised powder with low oxygen content. Due to its poor formability, the gas atomised powder was directly sintered with something heavy of 1 kg overlaid on powder top. The relative density of sintered samples was about 94.1% and the porosity was 5.9%. The pore pinning effect prevented the formation of extremely large grains during sintering, which was beneficial for subsequent rolling. The grain size was controlled in the range of 100–300 μm. After cold rolling, a large number of sub-grain boundaries and deformation bands were generated, which increased the strength to 1190 MPa. It was worth noting that these two would disappear after annealing. Instead, ordered B2 and D03 phases were formed, and the texture of high-silicon steel was mainly {100}<110>. A low iron loss W10/50 value of 0.55 W kg−1 was achieved.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"296 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45299811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2014649
Yanlin Wang, L. Zhuo, Min Liu, Z. An, Chao Li, E. Yin, Jinwen Lu, X. Gong
ABSTRACT In this work, WC/Inconel 718 composite was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) the IN718 superalloy powders decorated with surface embedded WC powders. Also, the composite was heat-treated by a designed double-aging regime for microstructure tuning. The resulting microstructure and surface oxidation behaviour of the as-printed and the heat-treated composites were studied. The results revealed that the homogeneous microstructure was obtained, and the obvious weld beads structure with fine dendrites was detected on the surface in the SLM composite. After the double-aging heat treatment, the matrix showed a confined growth from 21.81 to 26.14 μm and the weld bead structure disappeared. XRD and EBSD analysis confirmed the formation of γ, γ′, γ′′, WC, (Nb,M)C, δ and Laves phase in the composites before and after heat-treatment. The high-density GND accommodated the strain incompatibility and the internal residual stress in different constituents. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of oxidation behaviour was discussed.
{"title":"Microstructure characteristics and surface oxidation behaviour of SLM WC/IN718 composite","authors":"Yanlin Wang, L. Zhuo, Min Liu, Z. An, Chao Li, E. Yin, Jinwen Lu, X. Gong","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2014649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2014649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, WC/Inconel 718 composite was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) the IN718 superalloy powders decorated with surface embedded WC powders. Also, the composite was heat-treated by a designed double-aging regime for microstructure tuning. The resulting microstructure and surface oxidation behaviour of the as-printed and the heat-treated composites were studied. The results revealed that the homogeneous microstructure was obtained, and the obvious weld beads structure with fine dendrites was detected on the surface in the SLM composite. After the double-aging heat treatment, the matrix showed a confined growth from 21.81 to 26.14 μm and the weld bead structure disappeared. XRD and EBSD analysis confirmed the formation of γ, γ′, γ′′, WC, (Nb,M)C, δ and Laves phase in the composites before and after heat-treatment. The high-density GND accommodated the strain incompatibility and the internal residual stress in different constituents. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of oxidation behaviour was discussed.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"308 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42855311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-08DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2013622
Koki Ohba, Mizuki Tanaka, S. Motozuka, Daichi Noda, Mai Shibahara, Takehiro Kawauchi
ABSTRACT Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are consolidated ferromagnetic powders covered with polymers. Ultra-thin flat powder can effectively reduce eddy current loss of SMCs, even at the frequency at which next-generation semiconductor devices are driven. In this study, pure iron powders were processed with ball-milling to obtain the ultra-thin powder and prepare the SMC. The effect of aspect ratio of the powder on the mechanical strength of SMC was investigated. Although the maximum bending stress of SMC made of iron particles with an aspect ratio of 1140 reached 60% of the strength of sintered iron powder, the increase in the maximum bending stress with increasing aspect ratio slowed down when the aspect ratio exceeded 100. The reason for the slowdown was assumed to be a decrease in insulating film coverage on the particle at high aspect ratio ranges due to the stacking and welding of particles during the ball milling process.
{"title":"Fundamental study on the mechanical strength of soft magnetic composite prepared by ultra-high aspect ratio flake iron powder using ball-milling process","authors":"Koki Ohba, Mizuki Tanaka, S. Motozuka, Daichi Noda, Mai Shibahara, Takehiro Kawauchi","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2013622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2013622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are consolidated ferromagnetic powders covered with polymers. Ultra-thin flat powder can effectively reduce eddy current loss of SMCs, even at the frequency at which next-generation semiconductor devices are driven. In this study, pure iron powders were processed with ball-milling to obtain the ultra-thin powder and prepare the SMC. The effect of aspect ratio of the powder on the mechanical strength of SMC was investigated. Although the maximum bending stress of SMC made of iron particles with an aspect ratio of 1140 reached 60% of the strength of sintered iron powder, the increase in the maximum bending stress with increasing aspect ratio slowed down when the aspect ratio exceeded 100. The reason for the slowdown was assumed to be a decrease in insulating film coverage on the particle at high aspect ratio ranges due to the stacking and welding of particles during the ball milling process.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"253 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2006932
Zheng Huang, Xingquan Jiang, Du-xin Li, Zhongchen Yang, Renwei Lu
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of different sintering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 420 stainless steel prepared by metal injection molding (MIM). The results show that in the temperature range of 1300 to 1360, the internal structure of MIM420 stainless steel is mainly lath martensite and the fracture mode is quasi cleavage fracture. With the increase of sintering temperature, the relative density, strength and hardness of MIM420 stainless steel increase, and the carbon and oxygen content decreases, but the strength decreases when the sintering temperature exceeds 1340. When the sintering temperature reaches 1360, the sample will be slightly over sintered, so the appropriate sintering temperature is 1340. At 1340, the relative density, hardness, bending strength and ultimate tensile strength of the sample are 98.2 ± 0.4%, 54 ± 1HRC, 1229 ± 28 MPa and 1111 ± 26 MPa respectively.
{"title":"Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of MIM420 stainless steel","authors":"Zheng Huang, Xingquan Jiang, Du-xin Li, Zhongchen Yang, Renwei Lu","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2006932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2006932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of different sintering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 420 stainless steel prepared by metal injection molding (MIM). The results show that in the temperature range of 1300 to 1360, the internal structure of MIM420 stainless steel is mainly lath martensite and the fracture mode is quasi cleavage fracture. With the increase of sintering temperature, the relative density, strength and hardness of MIM420 stainless steel increase, and the carbon and oxygen content decreases, but the strength decreases when the sintering temperature exceeds 1340. When the sintering temperature reaches 1360, the sample will be slightly over sintered, so the appropriate sintering temperature is 1340. At 1340, the relative density, hardness, bending strength and ultimate tensile strength of the sample are 98.2 ± 0.4%, 54 ± 1HRC, 1229 ± 28 MPa and 1111 ± 26 MPa respectively.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"214 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43359471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.1994116
R. Casas, F. Gálvez, M. Campos
ABSTRACT Aiming to improve γ′ volume fraction through alloying elements and heat treatments, the influence of the combined effect of 2 Ti and 2 Ta addition (at%) to a nominal Co–12Al–10W at.% Co-based superalloy, and the heat treatments parameters have been investigated. The Co-based alloys were manufactured by PM using mechanical alloying for powder processing, and a field-assisted sintering technique to consolidate the material. The specific study of solution temperatures and ageing times to promote the γ/γ′ dual-phase was carried out through a complete microstructural analysis and micro and nano hardness measurements. The composition of the γ (fcc)-matrix and γ′ (L12)-precipitates, the nanoscale properties including γ′ volume fraction and γ/γ′ misfit were measured as a function of increasing solution and ageing time. In the end, Ti and Ta addition to the Co–12A–10W alloy increases γ’ volume fraction and thermal stability for long ageing time detecting slow coarsening.
{"title":"Microstructure stability and hardening determination through heat treatment of sintered Co γ/γ′ based alloys","authors":"R. Casas, F. Gálvez, M. Campos","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.1994116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.1994116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aiming to improve γ′ volume fraction through alloying elements and heat treatments, the influence of the combined effect of 2 Ti and 2 Ta addition (at%) to a nominal Co–12Al–10W at.% Co-based superalloy, and the heat treatments parameters have been investigated. The Co-based alloys were manufactured by PM using mechanical alloying for powder processing, and a field-assisted sintering technique to consolidate the material. The specific study of solution temperatures and ageing times to promote the γ/γ′ dual-phase was carried out through a complete microstructural analysis and micro and nano hardness measurements. The composition of the γ (fcc)-matrix and γ′ (L12)-precipitates, the nanoscale properties including γ′ volume fraction and γ/γ′ misfit were measured as a function of increasing solution and ageing time. In the end, Ti and Ta addition to the Co–12A–10W alloy increases γ’ volume fraction and thermal stability for long ageing time detecting slow coarsening.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"242 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.1992135
M. Eddahbi, M. Monge, A. Muñoz, Ó. J. Durá, B. Savoini
ABSTRACT A new oxide dispersion strengthened Cu–0.7wt-%Cr–0.11wt-%Zr material was processed via mechanical alloying (MA) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). A fine dispersion of yttria particles (Y2O3) was incorporated to the Cu matrix via the addition of yttrium (III) acetate tetrahydrate (C6H9O6Y·4H2O) powder (Y3ATH), which decomposed during thermomechanical processing and subsequent thermal annealing. The microstructure after consolidation by HIP revealed the coexistence of zones with a low and high density of precipitates/particles, LDPZ and HDPZ, respectively. The HDPZ were characterized by fine grains with an average size of ∼300 nm and fine Y–O rich particles (∼40 nm) and Cr rich coarse particles (∼215 nm), homogenously distributed in the Cu matrix. However, the LDPZ contained coarse grains containing 60°/〈111〉 (Σ3) twins’ boundaries.
{"title":"Microstructure of a new ODS Cu–0.7wt-%Cr–0.11wt-%Zr material produced by a novel powder metallurgical method","authors":"M. Eddahbi, M. Monge, A. Muñoz, Ó. J. Durá, B. Savoini","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.1992135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.1992135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new oxide dispersion strengthened Cu–0.7wt-%Cr–0.11wt-%Zr material was processed via mechanical alloying (MA) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). A fine dispersion of yttria particles (Y2O3) was incorporated to the Cu matrix via the addition of yttrium (III) acetate tetrahydrate (C6H9O6Y·4H2O) powder (Y3ATH), which decomposed during thermomechanical processing and subsequent thermal annealing. The microstructure after consolidation by HIP revealed the coexistence of zones with a low and high density of precipitates/particles, LDPZ and HDPZ, respectively. The HDPZ were characterized by fine grains with an average size of ∼300 nm and fine Y–O rich particles (∼40 nm) and Cr rich coarse particles (∼215 nm), homogenously distributed in the Cu matrix. However, the LDPZ contained coarse grains containing 60°/〈111〉 (Σ3) twins’ boundaries.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"235 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43507535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.1954280
O. Altuntaş, A. Güral, S. Tekeli
ABSTRACT In this study, powder metallurgical steel samples containing 1.5% C by weight were produced by sintering in a vacuum atmosphere at 1200°C. The impact test and dry sliding wear test specimens were prepared in accordance with ISO 5754 and ASTM G-99 standards, respectively. The wear and impact toughness properties of spherical cementite in the bainitic matrix (SCBM) microstructured specimens produced with different heat treatment routes were compared with pearlite plus primary cementite, fully tempered martensitic, fully bainitic and spherical cementite microstructured specimens in ferritic matrix (SCFM). Microstructural characterisations of all specimens were performed by SEM, EBSD and XRD analyses methods. Compared to fully tempered martensitic and fully bainitic microstructured specimens with similar hardness, both the dry sliding wear and the impact toughness properties of the specimens having SCBM microstructures were improved with the increased austempering time after spheroidisation treatment.
{"title":"Microstructure engineering for superior wear and impact toughness strength of hypereutectoid powder metallurgy steel","authors":"O. Altuntaş, A. Güral, S. Tekeli","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.1954280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.1954280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, powder metallurgical steel samples containing 1.5% C by weight were produced by sintering in a vacuum atmosphere at 1200°C. The impact test and dry sliding wear test specimens were prepared in accordance with ISO 5754 and ASTM G-99 standards, respectively. The wear and impact toughness properties of spherical cementite in the bainitic matrix (SCBM) microstructured specimens produced with different heat treatment routes were compared with pearlite plus primary cementite, fully tempered martensitic, fully bainitic and spherical cementite microstructured specimens in ferritic matrix (SCFM). Microstructural characterisations of all specimens were performed by SEM, EBSD and XRD analyses methods. Compared to fully tempered martensitic and fully bainitic microstructured specimens with similar hardness, both the dry sliding wear and the impact toughness properties of the specimens having SCBM microstructures were improved with the increased austempering time after spheroidisation treatment.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"101 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49091142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-26DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.1981656
K. Veera Venkata Nagaraju, S. Kumaran, T. Srinivasa Rao
ABSTRACT Ultra-rapid microwave sintering of powder metals will provide fine microstructural features that improve mechanical properties. In present study, three grades of stainless steel powder compacts (316L, 430L, 410) were produced using a uniaxial compaction unit. These compacts were sintered by microwave hybrid heating method at 1300°C (super-solidus region). The densification response, microstructural attributes, and mechanical properties were compared at 30, 45 and 60 min holding times. The compositional analysis was performed with the help of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersed spectroscopy(SEM-EDS). The results obtained from both spectroscopies are compared for the sintered samples. The correlation of mechanical properties is analysed with evolved microstructural attributes (pore volume, pore shape and pore distribution). The excellent strength of 457 ± 16 MPa, 466 ± 6 MPa and 476 ± 26 MPa with 23 ± 1.3%, 14 ± 1.5% and 11 ± 1% of ductility is observed for sintered AISI 316L, 430L and 410, respectively.
{"title":"Microwave sintering response of different grade stainless steels and its influence on metallurgical properties","authors":"K. Veera Venkata Nagaraju, S. Kumaran, T. Srinivasa Rao","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.1981656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.1981656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ultra-rapid microwave sintering of powder metals will provide fine microstructural features that improve mechanical properties. In present study, three grades of stainless steel powder compacts (316L, 430L, 410) were produced using a uniaxial compaction unit. These compacts were sintered by microwave hybrid heating method at 1300°C (super-solidus region). The densification response, microstructural attributes, and mechanical properties were compared at 30, 45 and 60 min holding times. The compositional analysis was performed with the help of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersed spectroscopy(SEM-EDS). The results obtained from both spectroscopies are compared for the sintered samples. The correlation of mechanical properties is analysed with evolved microstructural attributes (pore volume, pore shape and pore distribution). The excellent strength of 457 ± 16 MPa, 466 ± 6 MPa and 476 ± 26 MPa with 23 ± 1.3%, 14 ± 1.5% and 11 ± 1% of ductility is observed for sintered AISI 316L, 430L and 410, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"200 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44908618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.1973654
Shucheng Dong, Fucheng Qiu, Peng Lei, Tuo Cheng, G. Ma, Lijie Qu, O. Ivasishin
ABSTRACT Titanium is widely used in the fields of medicine, industry, and biological science due to its excellent properties. In addition, titanium powder metallurgy (PM) is widely used in production because it could considerably reduce the cost. The most critical step in PM is powder compaction. Thus, the compaction equation is highly important in the prediction and analysis of powder compaction process. In this paper, the experimental data of titanium hydride powder and hydrogenated-dehydrogenated titanium powder were fitted using different compaction equations, and all the equations could obtain a high fitting degree (R 2 > 0.99) and a small error. The linear compaction equation could distinguish the powder type and different particle size distribution forms in the same type of powder through fitting parameters. The nonlinear compaction fitting equation could also analyse the contribution of powder densification mechanism through parameter calculation.
{"title":"Evaluation and parameter analysis of compaction equations applied to titanium powder","authors":"Shucheng Dong, Fucheng Qiu, Peng Lei, Tuo Cheng, G. Ma, Lijie Qu, O. Ivasishin","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.1973654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.1973654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Titanium is widely used in the fields of medicine, industry, and biological science due to its excellent properties. In addition, titanium powder metallurgy (PM) is widely used in production because it could considerably reduce the cost. The most critical step in PM is powder compaction. Thus, the compaction equation is highly important in the prediction and analysis of powder compaction process. In this paper, the experimental data of titanium hydride powder and hydrogenated-dehydrogenated titanium powder were fitted using different compaction equations, and all the equations could obtain a high fitting degree (R 2 > 0.99) and a small error. The linear compaction equation could distinguish the powder type and different particle size distribution forms in the same type of powder through fitting parameters. The nonlinear compaction fitting equation could also analyse the contribution of powder densification mechanism through parameter calculation.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"181 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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