Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Validation of photographic fecal scoring in puppies","authors":"Chloé Chauvel ,&nbsp;Ilyas Bendahmane ,&nbsp;Emma Vellard ,&nbsp;Faouzi Lyazrhi ,&nbsp;Annabelle Meynadier ,&nbsp;Hanna Mila ,&nbsp;Aurélien Grellet","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diarrhea is a common issue in puppies and compromises the well-being of animals and their owners. To date, objective assessment of fecal consistency has relied on a fecal scoring scale applied to fresh feces; however, given the challenges associated with accessing fresh stool samples, digital scoring presents an interesting potential alternative. This study aimed to test the validity of using photographs to approximate the <em>in situ</em> fresh fecal scoring scale.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a first experiment, 40 fresh feces were collected from puppies and scored <em>in-situ</em> with a 13-point fecal scale. Feces were then photographed and later assessed on picture. Agreement between the two scoring methods was evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot and kappa coefficients. In a second experiment, four observers scored independently 98 stool photographs. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess inter-observer agreement. Intra-observer reproducibility was also explored with a Bland-Altman plot and kappa coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings showed good agreement between the two methods (weighted kappa coefficient of 0.93 (95 % CI [0.87, 0.98]) and no significant bias in the Bland-Altman plot). Our study also showed good inter-observer (ICC of 0.83 (95 % CI [0.78, 0.87])) and intra-observer (weighted kappa coefficient of 0.93 (95 % CI [0.91, 0.96]) and no significant bias in the Bland-Altman plot) agreements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The puppy fecal scoring scale employed in the present study appeared to be reliably applicable to photographs for objectively assessing fecal consistency in puppies. It is a promising solution for veterinary practices and future research studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing risk-based disease control strategies through network analysis: Case insights from FMD in Sri Lanka","authors":"Umanga Gunasekera ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Fazi ,&nbsp;Chris Bartels ,&nbsp;Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ,&nbsp;Andres Perez ,&nbsp;Kimberly VanderWaal ,&nbsp;Dennis N. Makau","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease in Sri Lanka. The disease spreads among cattle and buffaloes via direct and indirect contact. Management of FMD is challenging given its endemicity and the largely extensive grazing management practices. This situation is further exacerbated by the difficulty in controlling animal movement. In this study, we describe livestock movement networks in an FMD high-risk area in Sri Lanka and the impact of implementing various control measures on FMD outbreaks. Cattle and buffalo movement networks were created based on the information obtained from the farmers regarding grazing patterns and the veterinary officers regarding animal movement, responding to a pretested questionnaire. In-person questionnaires were administered to each veterinarian in the Eastern province in Sri Lanka and 10 selected farmers from each veterinary range (administrative regions within districts). Static, directed and undirected networks representing grazing and inter-VS range movements were constructed and analyzed for structure, connectivity and communities. Network fragmentation index was used to test the effect of iterations of targeted disrupting potential network-based transmission in the population through animal vaccination. Forty out of the total 46 veterinary range representatives and 294 farmer responses to the questionnaire were collected between January and December 2017. Animal movements primarily occurred within the province and in each district three different network communities were observed, and a fourth community combined the three districts. Targeting high-centrality farms during an outbreak and conducting biannual vaccinations in veterinary ranges with high network centrality could reduce outbreaks significantly compared to applying random control measures. In conclusion, targeted interventions appear to offer a more cost-effective approach for controlling contagious diseases like FMD in Sri Lanka. Informal patterns may contribute meaningfully to disease spread and should therefore be considered in the design of control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in South Korea: A 15-year retrospective and forward-looking study","authors":"Sung Dae Park ,&nbsp;Yeonsu Oh ,&nbsp;Dae Sung Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), caused by the Orthomyxoviridae family of RNA viruses, poses a serious threat to the global poultry industry, resulting in severe economic losses and raising public health concerns. In South Korea, HPAI outbreaks have recurred since the first case was confirmed in December 2003, with multiple virus subtypes (H5N1, H5N8, and H5N6) affecting domestic poultry farms. Among poultry species, domestic ducks play a crucial role in viral transmission due to their heightened susceptibility and asymptomatic shedding, increasing the risk of unnoticed outbreaks and environmental contamination. To mitigate the impact of HPAI, South Korea implemented the Duck Farming Restriction Policy, limiting duck farming activities during high-risk winter months (November to March). This study evaluates the preventive effectiveness of this policy using a Bayesian time-series modeling approach based on longitudinal outbreak data from 2003 to 2024. The analysis includes key epidemiological variables such as number of confirmed cases and outbreak durations. Our findings provide the first scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of seasonal duck farming restrictions in reducing HPAI incidence. While global HPAI prevalence has increased significantly since 2020, South Korea has maintained stable or declining outbreak trends, suggesting that proactive control strategies play a crucial role in disease mitigation. These results emphasize the importance of adaptive biosecurity policies in controlling HPAI and offer valuable insights for future pandemic preparedness in the poultry sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking management practices that impact calf morbidity and mortality in Canadian beef cow-calf herds","authors":"V. Margarita Sanguinetti ,&nbsp;Cindy Adams ,&nbsp;John Campbell ,&nbsp;Sylvia L. Checkley ,&nbsp;Cheryl L. Waldner ,&nbsp;M. Claire Windeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the frequency of outbreaks and use of management practices in Canadian beef cow-calf herds is important to understand the extent to which herds may be vulnerable to disease and help direct future management recommendations. Objectives were to 1. benchmark the frequency of outbreaks of preweaning Neonatal Calf Diarrhea (NCD), Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), and calf mortality, as well as the use of relevant management practices, 2. compare the frequency of outbreaks and practices across regions, 3. assess the unconditional association of these practices with outbreaks, and 4. describe the importance producers gave to productivity parameters. Participants in the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network were surveyed in October 2022. One hundred and twenty-five participants responded to the questionnaire. Over 40 % of herds had at least one type of outbreak from 2019 to 2021. Eighty percent of herds that had mortality outbreaks also had NCD or BRD ones. The frequency of outbreaks did not differ across regions (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.05), while the use of several breeding, calving, colostrum, and biosecurity practices did (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Several calving practices associated with intensive management were associated with increased odds of herds having NCD or calf mortality outbreaks. Also, calving in large pastures was associated with increased the odds of mortality outbreaks, and leasing or sharing bulls with increased the odds of BRD outbreaks. Several commonly used high-risk herd-level practices could be associated with the high frequency of outbreaks and warrant further investigation as potential risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucellosis seropositivity and risk factors in small ruminants and livestock workers: A cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shakeel Khaliq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman ,&nbsp;Farhat Nazir Awan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Avais ,&nbsp;Tariq Jamil","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seropositive proportion of brucellosis and identify associated risk factors in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and livestock workers in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1783 blood samples were collected from unvaccinated sheep and goats across 219 flocks, along with 122 blood samples from occupationally exposed humans using convenience sampling of villages and flocks. Serum samples were tested using a commercial indirect-ELISA kit. Overall, 2.0 % of animals were seropositive, 9.1 % of flocks had at least one seropositive animal, and 9.8 % of livestock workers were seropositive. Significant animal-level risk factors included flock sizes &gt; 50 (OR: 6.5), extensive production systems (OR: 5.6), introduction of new animals without quarantine (OR: 17.1), and mixed farming with large ruminants (OR: 4.0). In humans, contact with seropositive animals (OR: 8.2), animal abortions (OR: 16.2), and unpasteurized milk consumption (OR: 23.3) were key predictors. Real-time PCR confirmed Brucella abortus in sheep and goats, but no Brucella DNA was detected in humans. These findings underscore the importance of integrated surveillance, farmer education, and biosecurity measures to mitigate zoonotic transmission. Further large-scale studies using advanced molecular tools are recommended to validate these findings and support targeted brucellosis control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy consumers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards zoonotic bovine tuberculosis in a country without veterinary and public health interventions: A cross-sectional study in Bhutan","authors":"Sangay Rinchen ,&nbsp;Sithar Dorjee ,&nbsp;Abigail Van Der Zwan ,&nbsp;Rinzin Pem ,&nbsp;Patricia Therese Campbell ,&nbsp;Juan-Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a globally neglected zoonotic disease. In several low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), limited bTB surveillance and technologies to minimise milk-borne zoonoses put dairy consumers at high risk of bTB infection. Surprisingly, LMIC consumers are seldom investigated, which represents a significant knowledge gap that undermines existing efforts to mitigate zoonotic tuberculosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Bhutan where bTB control measures are lacking and raw dairy is widely consumed to assess dairy consumers’ awareness and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding bTB. We enrolled 347 participants at the eight milk outlets operating in the capital city to determine the level of awareness about bTB among this group and characterise their KAP towards bTB. Only 17.3 % of the participants had heard of bTB. Majority (90.1 %) of them knew there is treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Bhutan and TB is curable (72.5 %). However, 70.1 % had misconception that infected people cannot appear healthy, and only 12 % knew bTB is zoonotic. Only 26 % and 24 % perceived milk and dairy products as high risk respectively compared to 56.5 % for meat and 85.8 % for consuming diseased animals. Over 80 % of participants reported consumption of milk and dairy products daily or weekly, 25 % consuming primarily raw or insufficiently boiled milk. Only a few consumers knew of bTB and its zoonotic potential <em>(n = 42; 12 %, Confidence Interval 95 %: 8.9 %–16 %).</em> Regarding health practices, 60 % had annual check-ups, 15.3 % had TB testing, 5.2 % had TB treatment, and vaccination status was uncertain. Unsupervised classification of the data using Generalised Low-Ranking Models revealed that most variability was explained by three demographic factors, a few attitudes towards bTB infection risk, and milk and dairy product consumption frequency. Our findings reveal a widespread lack of awareness and low-risk perception regarding milk-borne bTB among consumers. These results are consistent with findings in other LMICs and highlight that dairy consumers likely represent a <em>blind spot</em> in current efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of bTB in these settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automating classification of veterinary biosecurity recommendations using machine learning","authors":"Vitória R. Lima-Campêlo ,&nbsp;Mariana Fonseca ,&nbsp;Marie-Pascale Morin ,&nbsp;Faustin Farison ,&nbsp;William L. Nankam Nguekap ,&nbsp;Karol G. Solano-Suarez ,&nbsp;Herman W. Barkema ,&nbsp;Waseem Shaukat ,&nbsp;David L. Renaud ,&nbsp;David F. Kelton ,&nbsp;Gilles Fecteau ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Roy ,&nbsp;Pablo Valdés Donoso ,&nbsp;Solène Le Manac'h ,&nbsp;Juan C. Arango-Sabogal ,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Paradis ,&nbsp;Nancy Beauregard ,&nbsp;Manon Racicot ,&nbsp;Cécile Aenishaenslin ,&nbsp;Simon Dufour","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ProAction® is a mandatory Canadian milk quality assurance program that requires dairy farmers to conduct a biosecurity risk assessment with a veterinarian. Based on this assessment, the veterinarian provides personalized recommendations to improve farm biosecurity, resulting in a large volume of text data. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model capable of automatically classifying these biosecurity recommendations into 12 predefined categories. As the recommendations were written in French or English, all texts were translated into French to ensure consistency in feature extraction and model training. The model was trained on 11,250 manually classified veterinary recommendations from 3825 Québec dairy herds, collected between 2018 and 2021. Three algorithms were tested: Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). Performance was evaluated using precision, recall, and F1-score. The SVM achieved the highest performance while maintaining efficient processing time. The trained SVM model was selected to classify new recommendations collected between 2022 and 2024 from herds in Alberta, Ontario and Québec. To evaluate model’s performance on this new dataset, a random sample of 250 recommendations was manually classified. The agreement between human classification and model predictions resulted in a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.88, suggesting strong agreement. This study highlights the potential of machine learning to classify biosecurity recommendations and support timely, informed decision-making in dairy herd management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views from chief veterinary officers about decision making during animal health emergencies: A qualitative analysis","authors":"Yrjö T. Gröhn ,&nbsp;Guillaume Lhermie ,&nbsp;Dirk Pfeiffer ,&nbsp;Gregorio Torres ,&nbsp;Elizabeth L. Fox ,&nbsp;Julia A. Hertl","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study’s objectives were to investigate how delegates of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), particularly chief veterinary officers (CVOs), make decisions requiring immediate action, having national/international impacts on animal health and welfare and/or human health, and how the process creates new policies and practices. We interviewed 33 CVOs from 6 continents, on their background, jurisdiction, institutional structures, and decision-making processes, including types of decisions made, who they consulted, information used (and wished they knew), political, public and other influences, and resultant policy changes. The CVOs also discussed surprising and challenging phenomena, and what they learned. Qualitative analysis was conducted on interview transcriptions. Most CVOs had similar decision-making processes. They followed established protocols and national legislation aligned with WOAH international standards, relying on multidisciplinary teams of experts in science, economics, policy, and law, and those with knowledge of local field conditions, for guidance. Insufficient information and conflict between scientific evidence and political/economic pressure were common themes. Although stressful, most CVOs were committed to their work and felt they made valuable contributions towards both animal and human health. The findings suggest that regardless of background or specific geographical context, CVOs follow established protocols and need to have the ability to make informed subjective judgements as part of their decision making. Thus, CVO qualifications include subject matter knowledge and specific leadership qualities, which need to be considered when making CVO appointments. Presently, veterinarians receive inadequate training on integrating evidence and other factors to make informed, 'good' decisions. This study’s findings should be considered when developing the educational programs for veterinary students and established practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of donkey systems in Ethiopia","authors":"Girma Birhan Asteraye ,&nbsp;Ruth Jobling ,&nbsp;Wudu T. Jemberu ,&nbsp;Gina Pinchbeck ,&nbsp;Theodore J.D. Knight-Jones ,&nbsp;Rob Critchlow ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton ,&nbsp;Gemma L. Chaters","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Working donkeys play a critical role in transportation, agriculture and household resilience in low- and middle-income countries. Other animals that are kept for production purposes, such as cattle, are often grouped into broad production system classes, such as dairy or pastoral, for comparison between and better understanding of the needs and outputs of animals within specific sectors. Despite the importance of working donkeys for sustaining livelihoods there are no systematic classifications of these populations. The aim of this study was to classify and characterise donkey systems in Ethiopia using household-level questionnaire data which included donkey ownership, husbandry, use and local environment data, through multiple factor and hierarchical cluster analysis. Household questionnaire data from 241 donkey-owning households in three districts of Ethiopia were used. Three distinct clusters of donkey ownership were identified: ‘Domestic-Pastoral’; ‘Domestic-Agricultural’ and ‘Commercial’. Differences between systems are primarily influenced by donkey purpose, environmental (agro-ecological) factors, and husbandry practices. Constraints associated with donkey ownership varied across clusters: households in the commercial system reported higher incidence of injuries and welfare concerns, in the pastoral system the main constraints were drought and feed shortage, and domestic-agricultural households reported infectious diseases as the main challenge. This new classification of donkey systems provides a framework for analysing donkey health and welfare data, enabling more context-specific needs assessments and facilitating the design of targeted interventions to improve equid health and household livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the timing of PRRSV and swine enteric coronaviruses introduction on wean-to-market productivity","authors":"Kate Dion ,&nbsp;Daniel Linhares ,&nbsp;Gustavo S. Silva ,&nbsp;Edison Magalhães ,&nbsp;Derald Holtkamp","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PRRSV and SeCoV can significantly decrease the productivity of growing pigs by increasing mortality rates and decreasing growth, resulting in economic losses for swine producers. A better understanding of how infection patterns of these viral pathogens occur in growing pigs and their impact on productivity measures would help drive improved preventative and control measures for these pathogens. This study was conducted with the objectives to: (1) describe patterns of infection dynamics of PRRSV and swine enteric coronaviruses, (2) determine the impact of introductions and timing of introductions of PRRSV and SeCoV on wean-to-market mortality, average daily gain, and feed conversion, and (3) compare the economic performance of groups of growing pigs with different timing of introductions and pathogen combinations of PRRSV and SeCoV. The pathogen status and timing of the introduction of PEDV, PDCoV, and PRRSV for 75 groups of pigs that originated from negative sow farms were determined by collecting eight oral fluid samples every two weeks per group of pigs and tested by RT-PCR. The timing of introduction for those pathogens was categorized as nursery (3–10 weeks of age), early finisher (11–21 weeks of age), and late finisher (22–33 weeks of age.) Regression analyses were used to compare mortality, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion (FC) between pathogen combinations and time of pathogen introductions. A production and economic model was used to determine differences in net profit per pig placed using least squares means of productivity differences from the regression analysis. Wild-type PRRSV was detected in 96 % of the groups of growing pigs, and 37 % became positive for SeCoV. Groups of pigs with multiple pathogens had significantly increased mortality compared to groups with single pathogen introductions. PRRSV introduction in the nursery or early finisher phase or SeCoV introduction in the nursery phase resulted in significantly higher mortality than later introductions, and nursery introductions of SeCoV impacted ADG and FC. Compared to negative groups, the net profit of groups with pathogen introductions was decreased due to increased mortality and reduced ADG and FC, with the most significant differences resulting from pigs with a nursery introduction of SeCoV. Overall, this study assessed the impact of multiple pathogen introductions and pathogen introduction timing on productivity measures and suggests the importance of implementing biosecurity control measures to prevent or delay introductions of multiple pathogens in growing pig populations to minimize their impact on wean-to-market productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}