Poultry Science最新文献_第8页

Predicting egg production rate and egg weight of broiler breeders based on machine learning and Shapley additive explanations 基于机器学习和夏普利加法解释预测肉种鸡的产蛋率和蛋重

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104458

Hengyi Ji , Yidan Xu , Ganghui Teng

Egg production rate and egg weight are core indicators for evaluating the production performance of broiler breeders. The accurate prediction of these indicators can significantly enhance farm economic efficiency and can provide a basis for future production strategies. Currently, there is a lack of research on the application of machine learning (ML) models to predict egg production rate and egg weight in broiler breeders. In this study, we collected data on age, feed intake, water consumption, and environmental factors (temperature, humidity and wind speed) from three poultry houses to train the predictive models. Based on this data, we developed three different datasets. In each dataset, data from a single poultry house were divided into a training set and a validation set in an 8:2 ratio, and data from the remaining two poultry houses were combined to form the test set. We systematically compared the performances of the following seven ML models in predicting egg production rate and egg weight: random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector regression (SVR), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), XGBoost, and LightGBM. The results indicated that the XGBoost model demonstrated the best performance across all three datasets. In predicting egg production rate, the XGBoost model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of less than 2.86%, 4.17% and 7.03%, respectively. For egg weight predictions, the XGBoost model's MAE, RMSE and MAPE were less than 0.63g, 0.86g and 1.1%, respectively. Given the inherent black-box nature of ML models, we used the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method to interpret the key features influencing the XGBoost model's predictions and the interactions between these features. The key features for predicting egg production rate are age, feed intake and effective temperature (ET). For egg weight prediction, the most important features are age, wind speed, temperature-humidity index (THI) and ET. This approach enhanced the model's transparency and credibility. This study provides scientific evidence for predicting the production performance of broiler breeders. Accurately predicting egg production rate and egg weight provides a scientific basis for farm operations, aiding in optimizing resource allocation, improving production efficiency, enhancing animal welfare, and ultimately boosting the farm's profitability.

产蛋率和蛋重是评价肉种鸡生产性能的核心指标。准确预测这些指标可以显著提高养殖场的经济效益，并为未来的生产策略提供依据。目前，有关应用机器学习（ML）模型预测肉种鸡产蛋率和蛋重的研究还很缺乏。在本研究中，我们收集了三栋禽舍的鸡龄、采食量、耗水量和环境因素（温度、湿度和风速）数据来训练预测模型。基于这些数据，我们开发了三个不同的数据集。在每个数据集中，来自单栋禽舍的数据按 8:2 的比例分为训练集和验证集，来自其余两栋禽舍的数据合并为测试集。我们系统地比较了以下七种 ML 模型在预测产蛋率和蛋重方面的性能：随机森林（RF）、多层感知器（MLP）、支持向量回归（SVR）、最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）、k-近邻（kNN）、XGBoost 和 LightGBM。结果表明，XGBoost 模型在所有三个数据集中表现最佳。在预测产蛋率方面，XGBoost 模型的平均绝对误差 (MAE)、均方根误差 (RMSE) 和平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE) 分别小于 2.86%、4.17% 和 7.03%。在蛋重预测方面，XGBoost 模型的 MAE、RMSE 和 MAPE 分别小于 0.63g、0.86g 和 1.1%。鉴于 ML 模型固有的黑箱性质，我们使用夏普利加法解释（SHAP）方法来解释影响 XGBoost 模型预测的关键特征以及这些特征之间的相互作用。预测产蛋率的关键特征是年龄、采食量和有效温度（ET）。对于蛋重预测，最重要的特征是日龄、风速、温湿度指数 (THI) 和蒸散发。这种方法提高了模型的透明度和可信度。这项研究为预测肉种鸡的生产性能提供了科学依据。准确预测产蛋率和蛋重可为农场运营提供科学依据，有助于优化资源配置、提高生产效率、改善动物福利，并最终提高农场的盈利能力。

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引用次数: 0

Research note: Changes in chicken egg yolk metabolome during its spray drying and storage. 研究说明：鸡蛋黄代谢组在喷雾干燥和储存过程中的变化。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104453

Beibei Wang, Xialei Liu, Shugang Li, Shijian Dong, Putri Widyanti Harlina, Jinqiu Wang, Fang Geng

The differences in metabolites between fresh egg yolk (FEY), spray-dried egg yolk powder (SEY), and stored egg yolk powder (S-SEY) were quantitatively compared through metabolomic analysis. Total of 1004 metabolites were identified in the three groups of egg yolk samples. In pairwise group analysis, 242 differential metabolites were identified in FEY and SEY, 311 differential metabolites were identified in FEY and S-SEY, and 157 differential metabolites were identified in SEY and S-SEY. The analysis of differential metabolites with the highest abundance showed that amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids in FEY would undergo oxidation reactions after spray drying and storage and thus led to significant changes in the type and abundance of metabolites. The representative differential metabolites were then screened out for judging the freshness of egg yolk powder. Therefore, the results are highly important for evaluating the quality of egg yolk powder and provide important information for understanding the nutritional changes of egg yolk after spray drying and storage.

通过代谢组学分析，定量比较了新鲜蛋黄（FEY）、喷雾干燥蛋黄粉（SEY）和储存蛋黄粉（S-SEY）之间代谢物的差异。三组蛋黄样品中共鉴定出 1004 种代谢物。在配对组分析中，在 FEY 和 SEY 中鉴定出 242 个差异代谢物，在 FEY 和 S-SEY 中鉴定出 311 个差异代谢物，在 SEY 和 S-SEY 中鉴定出 157 个差异代谢物。对丰度最高的差异代谢物的分析表明，FEY 中的氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂类在喷雾干燥和贮藏后会发生氧化反应，从而导致代谢物的种类和丰度发生显著变化。然后筛选出具有代表性的差异代谢物，用于判断蛋黄粉的新鲜度。因此，这些结果对评价蛋黄粉的质量非常重要，并为了解蛋黄在喷雾干燥和储存后的营养变化提供了重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Research note: Effect of a biotechnologically produced Pleurotus sapidus mycelium on expression of genes involved in protein synthesis and degradation in breast muscle of broilers. 研究说明：生物技术生产的刺五加菌丝体对肉鸡胸肌蛋白质合成和降解基因表达的影响。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104450

Lea Schäfer, Javier Herrero-Encinas, Martin Rühl, Holger Zorn, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Robert Ringseis

Recently, feeding a fungal mycelium from Pleurotus sapidus was found to reduce relative breast muscle weight of broilers. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary inclusion of P. sapidus mycelium modulates the expression of genes involved in protein anabolic and protein catabolic pathways in breast muscle of broilers. The study included 72 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers which were randomly assigned to three groups fed three different diets containing either 0 (PSA-0), 25 (PSA-25) and 50 (PSA-50) g/kg diet P. sapidus mycelium in a three-phase feeding system for 35 days. Within the somatropic axis, the mRNA level of GHR was higher and that of IGF1R was lower in group PSA-25 than in group PSA-0 (P < 0.05). Within the mTOR signaling pathway, the mRNA level of S6K1 was higher in group PSA-25 than in group PSA-0 (P < 0.05). Within muscle growth-related genes, the mRNA level of MYOG was lower in groups PSA-25 and PSA-50 than in group PSA-0 (P < 0.05). The relative phosphorylation of proteins involved in protein anabolic pathways (S6K1, RPS6, eIF2a, AKT) did not differ across the three groups. The mRNA of most genes involved in molecular pathways of protein degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis, such as the GCN/eIF2a pathway, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, showed no differences across the three groups. Only the mRNA level of ATG9A was higher in group PSA-25 compared to group PSA-0 (P < 0.05). These observations suggest that a modulation of these signaling pathways is unlikely to explain the reduced relative breast muscle weight in broilers. Nevertheless, future studies are necessary to exclude an effect of feeding P. sapidus mycelium on other less prominent pathways affecting skeletal muscle mass.

最近，研究发现饲喂一种来自刺五加的真菌菌丝体可降低肉鸡胸肌的相对重量。本研究测试了一种假设，即在肉鸡的日粮中添加刺五加菌丝体可调节肉鸡胸肌中参与蛋白质合成代谢和蛋白质分解代谢途径的基因的表达。该研究将72只1日龄的雄性科布500肉鸡随机分为三组，分别饲喂含有0（PSA-0）、25（PSA-25）和50（PSA-50）克/千克Papidus菌丝体的三种不同日粮，三阶段饲喂系统持续35天。与PSA-0组相比，PSA-25组的GHR mRNA水平较高，而PSA-50组的IGF1R mRNA水平较低（P < 0.05）。在 mTOR 信号通路中，PSA-25 组 S6K1 的 mRNA 水平高于 PSA-0 组（P < 0.05）。在肌肉生长相关基因中，PSA-25 组和 PSA-50 组 MYOG 的 mRNA 水平低于 PSA-0 组（P < 0.05）。参与蛋白质合成代谢途径的蛋白质（S6K1、RPS6、eIF2a、AKT）的相对磷酸化在三组中没有差异。参与蛋白质降解和抑制蛋白质合成的分子途径（如 GCN/eIF2a 途径、泛素-蛋白酶体途径和自噬-溶酶体途径）的大多数基因的 mRNA 在三组之间没有差异。只有 ATG9A 的 mRNA 水平在 PSA-25 组高于 PSA-0 组（P < 0.05）。这些观察结果表明，这些信号通路的调节不太可能解释肉鸡相对胸肌重量减少的原因。尽管如此，今后仍有必要进行研究，以排除饲喂P. sapidus菌丝体对其他影响骨骼肌质量的不太显著的途径的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of watering before slaughter and the evisceration method on the quality characteristics of fattened goose liver. 屠宰前浇水和开膛方法对育肥鹅肝质量特性的影响

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104454

Koppány L Majzinger, Gábor Jónás, József Surányi, Ágnes Zimborán, Gabriella Kiskó, Andrea Taczman-Brückner, Annamária Barkó, László F Friedrich

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of watering before slaughter and different evisceration methods on the quality characteristics of fattened goose liver. A total of randomly selected 60 male Greylag Landaise geese (Anser anser) were used to execute the experiment which had been force-fed during their growing period. In the slaughterhouse, randomized block design was followed and the birds were randomly divided into four experimental groups and half of the them (30 birds) were given 200 ml tap water. During the slaughter bleeding kinetics was measured and after the traditional processing steps (scalding, defeathering, waxing, water cooling, clearing of wax residues, rinsing, feet removal) 50 % of the birds (30 birds) were immediately eviscerated. The other half of the carcasses were eviscerated after 8 hours of cooling. Then pH and hemoglobin content were determined and the livers were vacuum packed and stored at -18 °C for 35 days (5 weeks). During this time color measurement and microbial analysis were taken. Results showed that pH was not influenced by neither the watering nor the evisceration methods. Hemoglobin content was significantly reduced by watering (P<0.001). Cold evisceration was proved to have siginificant effect on the color parameters (P<0.001), however the impact was not immediate, the difference was first detected on day 21. According to microbiological analysis four species were identified but none of them are known to produce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) which is required to the formation of sulfhemoglobin which compound is most likely responsible for the greenish discoloration occured during the storage. In summary, it can be stated that the evisceration method had a great impact on the color of fattened goose livers and undesirable changes - e.g. surface greening - which commonly occur in case of vacuum packed and frozen stored livers could be prevented by the application of warm evisceration.

本研究的目的是调查屠宰前浇水和不同开膛方法对育肥鹅肝脏质量特性的影响。实验共随机选取了 60 只在生长期被强制喂食的雄性灰雁（Anser anser）。屠宰场采用随机区组设计，将鹅随机分为四个实验组，其中一半（30 只）给鹅饮用 200 毫升自来水。在屠宰过程中，对出血动力学进行了测量，经过传统的加工步骤（烫毛、去毛、上蜡、水冷、清除蜡渣、冲洗、去脚）后，50% 的禽类（30 只）立即被开膛破肚。另一半则在冷却 8 小时后开膛。然后测定 pH 值和血红蛋白含量，将肝脏真空包装并在 -18 °C 下保存 35 天（5 周）。在此期间进行颜色测量和微生物分析。结果表明，pH 值不受浇水和去内脏方法的影响。浇水（P2S）会明显降低血红蛋白含量，而血红蛋白是形成硫血红蛋白的必要条件，硫血红蛋白很可能是导致贮藏期间变绿的原因。总之，可以说开膛方法对育肥鹅肝的颜色有很大影响，真空包装和冷冻储存的鹅肝通常会出现表面变绿等不良变化，而采用温热开膛法可以防止这些变化。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of SNPs and INDELS associated with duck egg quality traits through a genome-wide association analysis 通过全基因组关联分析鉴定与鸭蛋质量性状相关的 SNP 和 INDELS

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104459

Min Zhang , Lizhi Lu , Yan Li , Qiong Wu , Yanhui Liu , Hongfei Liu , Hehe Tang , Rulong Lin , Hongping Chen , Tao Zeng , Yong Tian , Yuting Yan , Yanning Wei , Chenyu Ren , Wenfu Li , Min Liu , Jie Yu , Jiawen Liu , Xin Lin , Guanghua Zeng , Yanfa Sun

Egg quality traits are economically important in the poultry industry. To explore the genetic architecture and identify potential candidate genes, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for 13 egg quality traits using data from whole-genome sequencing of 299 Longyan Shan-ma female ducks, including 12 quantitative traits and one qualitative trait, eggshell color (ESC; white, light green, green). From estimation of pedigree genetic parameters, heritability (h²) ranged from 0.022 to 0.996 for the 12 quantitative traits, with the highest h² (0.996) for eggshell color a* value (ESCA) and the lowest h² (0.022) for egg yolk percentage relative to EW. A total of 8,874 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based significant associations (1.0 × 10⁻⁶) and 247 insertion-deletion (indel)-based significant associations (1.00 × 10⁻⁵) were identified, including 5,980 SNPs and 159 indel markers. From 5,924 SNPs and 143 indels associated with ESC traits, 181 potential candidate genes were identified, and most significant SNPs and indels (P < 1.0 × 10⁻²⁰) were located at 1.86 Mb (44.29−46.15 Mb) on chromosome 4. The top SNP (chr4:45325309:C>A; P = 7.97 × 10⁻⁴³) and the top indel (chr4:45299595:delTTCCACTCCAC; P = 4.20 × 10⁻³⁶) for the ESC a* value were within two known ESC candidate genes; ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2 (PRKG2). Of 56 SNPs and 16 indels associated with other egg quality traits, 46 potential candidate genes were identified including synapse differentiation-inducing 1-like (SYNDIG1L) for EW, and core histone macro-H2A.1 (LOC101795967) and neurogenin 1 (NEUROG1) for egg shape index; and four genes including collagen type VI alpha 3 chain (COL6A3), lysine demethylase 7A (KDM7A), LOC101802169, and sperm-associated antigen 16 (SPAG16) for egg yolk weight and the percentage of yolk to total egg weight. Of the 46 genes, the molecular functions of 22 are related to protein binding, indicating important roles in the formation of egg quality traits. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic basis of egg quality traits in ducks.

蛋品质性状在家禽业中具有重要的经济意义。为了探索其遗传结构并确定潜在的候选基因，研究人员利用299只龙岩山麻鸭的全基因组测序数据对13个蛋品质状进行了全基因组关联研究（GWAS），包括12个数量性状和1个质量性状蛋壳颜色（ESC；白色、浅绿色、绿色）。根据血统遗传参数估计，12个数量性状的遗传率（h2）在0.022至0.996之间，其中蛋壳颜色a*值（ESCA）的遗传率最高（0.996），蛋黄相对于EW的百分比的遗传率最低（0.022）。共鉴定出8874个基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的显著关联（1.0 × 10-6）和247个基于插入缺失（indel）的显著关联（1.00 × 10-5），包括5980个SNP和159个indel标记。从与 ESC 性状相关的 5,924 个 SNP 和 143 个 indel 中，鉴定出 181 个潜在候选基因，其中最显著的 SNP 和 indel（P < 1.0 × 10-20）位于 4 号染色体上的 1.86 Mb（44.29-46.15 Mb）处。ESC a*值的最高SNP（chr4:45325309:C>A; P = 7.97 × 10-43）和最高indel（chr4:45299595:delTTCCACTCCAC; P = 4.20 × 10-36）位于两个已知的ESC候选基因内：ATP结合盒G亚家族成员2（ABCG2）和依赖cGMP的蛋白激酶2（PRKG2）。在与其他蛋品质性状相关的 56 个 SNPs 和 16 个 indels 中，确定了 46 个潜在候选基因，包括 EW 的突触分化诱导 1-like (SYNDIG1L) 和核心组蛋白宏-H2A.1 (LOC101795967)(LOC101795967)和神经原蛋白 1 (NEUROG1)；以及四个候选基因，包括六型胶原蛋白α3 链 (COL6A3)、赖氨酸去甲基化酶 7A (KDM7A)、LOC101802169 和精子相关抗原 16 (SPAG16)，它们与蛋黄重量和蛋黄占鸡蛋总重量的百分比有关。在这 46 个基因中，22 个基因的分子功能与蛋白质结合有关，这表明它们在蛋品质性状的形成中发挥着重要作用。我们的研究结果为了解鸭蛋品质性状的遗传基础提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of genetic structure and identification of important genes associated with muscle growth in Fujian Muscovy duck 福建麻鸭遗传结构分析及与肌肉生长相关的重要基因鉴定

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104445

Ruiyi Lin , Huihuang Li , Lianjie Lai , Fan Yang , Jialing Qiu , Weilong Lin , Xinguo Bao , Chengfu Pan , Weimin Lin , Xiaobing Jiang

Fujian Muscovy duck is a well-known meat waterfowl in Fujian Province due to its high meat production, superior breeding potential, and strong resistance. To fully explore the genetic characteristics of these advantages, Fujian black Muscovy duck and white Muscovy duck were used for whole-genome re-sequencing and transcriptome analyses. Population structure analysis showed significant differentiation between the two feather strains. Runs of homozygosity analysis indicated a stronger artificial influence on the black-feathered strain, with ROH island genes notably enriched in muscle tissue-related terms and pathways. Selective sweep and transcriptome analysis revealed a significant enrichment of genes linked to muscle tissue and muscle fiber-related terms and pathways. Key candidate genes identified, such as MEF2C, MYOZ2, and METTL21C, are believed to play crucial roles in meat production in Fujian Muscovy duck. This study offers a new perspective on improving meat production in Fujian Muscovy duck, which can benefit breeding strategies and production management.

福建麻鸭是福建省著名的肉用水禽，具有肉产量高、繁殖潜力大、抗逆性强等特点。为了充分发掘这些优势的遗传特性，研究人员利用福建黑鸭和福建白鸭进行了全基因组重测序和转录组分析。种群结构分析表明，这两个羽毛品系之间存在明显差异。同源性分析结果表明，黑羽品系受人工影响较大，ROH岛基因明显富集于肌肉组织相关术语和通路中。选择性扫描和转录组分析显示，与肌肉组织和肌肉纤维相关的术语和通路的基因显著富集。所发现的关键候选基因，如 MEF2C、MYOZ2 和 METTL21C，被认为在福建麻鸭的产肉过程中发挥着关键作用。本研究为提高福建麻鸭的产肉性能提供了一个新的视角，有利于育种策略和生产管理。

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引用次数: 0

Novel thermal stability enhanced xylanase improves the performance and digestibility parameters in broilers. 新型热稳定性增强型木聚糖酶可提高肉鸡的生产性能和消化率参数。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104447

Su Rin Lee, Daulat Rehman Khan, Jae Yong Park, Sebastian Kaczmarek, Eun Jung Choi

Xylanases require thermal stability to withstand the pelleting process, pH stability to function in the gastrointestinal tract, and resistance to xylanase inhibitors in raw materials to be effective in animal feed. A GH11 family xylanase originating from an anaerobic fungus, Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2, has high specific activity and resistance to xylanase inhibitors intrinsically. It was engineered using rational protein design methods to obtain a thermal and pH stable enzyme, OXynA-M. OXynA-M showed resistance to three types of xylanase inhibitors, Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors TAXI-IB and TAXI-IIA and xylanase inhibitor protein XIP and showed melting temperature of 87.2°C when measured using differential scanning calorimetry. It was stable at all pH between 2.0-10.0 incubated up to 4 h. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production profile using a wheat arabinoxylan substrate revealed the production of xylobioses up to xylohexaoses, which are known to have prebiotic functionalities. An animal trial was conducted in broiler chickens to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the xylanase. In total, 600 1-day-old chickens were divided into six dietary treatments, including a positive control (PC) (T1) without the addition of exogenous enzyme and the rest where exogenous xylanase was added at the rates of 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 240000 U/kg of feed from T2-T6. An increase in OXynA-M xylanase improved the performance parameters in the enzyme-treated groups compared with the control. The viscosity of ileal digesta decreased with increasing enzyme dosage. A significantly lower viscosity of 6.54 cP was determined for the minimum dose in T2 (1200 U/kg), and the viscosity was further reduced in T6 (240000 U/kg) (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment. The apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein, fat, and starch improved as the xylanase dosage increased. The application of OXynA-M xylanase improved the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein when the dose was higher than that of T2 (1200 U/kg). Furthermore, the AME_n of the diets improved when xylanase was supplemented at a rate of 9600 U/kg (T5) compared with the control treatment (P<0.05).

木聚糖酶需要热稳定性以承受制粒过程，需要 pH 值稳定性以在胃肠道中发挥作用，还需要对原料中的木聚糖酶抑制剂具有抗性，才能在动物饲料中有效发挥作用。源于厌氧真菌 Orpinomyces sp. 菌株 PC-2 的 GH11 家族木聚糖酶具有高特异性活性和对木聚糖酶抑制剂的内在抗性。利用合理蛋白质设计方法对其进行了工程化，获得了一种热稳定性和 pH 稳定的酶 OXynA-M。OXynA-M 对三种木聚糖酶抑制剂（Triticum aestivum 木聚糖酶抑制剂 TAXI-IB 和 TAXI-IIA，以及木聚糖酶抑制蛋白 XIP）具有抗性，使用差示扫描量热法测量其熔化温度为 87.2°C。使用小麦阿拉伯木聚糖底物生产的木寡糖（XOS）概况显示，可生产木寡糖直至木六糖，众所周知，木六糖具有益生功能。为了评估木聚糖酶的体内功效，我们在肉鸡身上进行了一项动物试验。总共有 600 只 1 日龄的鸡被分为 6 个日粮处理，其中包括不添加外源酶的阳性对照（PC）（T1），以及从 T2 到 T6 以 1200、2400、4800、9600 和 240000 U/kg（每公斤饲料）的比率添加外源木聚糖酶的其他处理。与对照组相比，增加 OXynA-M 木聚糖酶的添加量可改善酶处理组的性能参数。回肠消化液的粘度随着酶用量的增加而降低。最低剂量 T2（1200 U/kg）的粘度明显降低，为 6.54 cP，T6（240000 U/kg）的粘度进一步降低（与对照组相比，添加木聚糖酶 9600 U/kg（T5）时，日粮的 Pn 有所提高（P

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引用次数: 0

Artificial insemination and laying cycle influence adaptive immune cell numbers and localization in the reproductive tract of turkey breeder hens. 人工授精和产蛋周期对火鸡种母鸡生殖道中适应性免疫细胞数量和定位的影响。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104448

Yifan Chen, Sunantha Kosonsiriluk, Lillian X Ehresmann, Kent M Reed, Sally L Noll, Ben W Wileman, Marissa M Studniski, Kahina S Boukherroub

Weekly artificial insemination (AI) is a common practice on commercial turkey breeder farms. The aim of this study was to determine changes in stress as well as oviduct and systemic immunity in response to weekly artificial inseminations through the laying cycle of turkey hens. Hens were divided into sham (extender only) and semen (extender + sperm) treatments. Blood, uterovaginal junction (UVJ), vagina, and spleen were collected at start of lay, peak lay, and end of lay (n = 8-12 /group for blood and 5 for tissues). The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H:L) was significantly higher in the semen-inseminated hens compared with the sham-inseminated hens at peak lay (n = 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed a higher number of CD3+ T cells in sperm storage tubules (SSTs) and UVJ submucosa at the end of lay compared with start and peak of lay across insemination treatments (n = 0.07 and 0.01, respectively). Within the end-of-lay group, semen-inseminated hens showed a higher number of CD3+ T cells in SSTs and UVJ submucosa (n = 0.04 and 0.1, respectively). The number of IgM+ B cells was significantly higher at start of lay compared with end of lay in SSTs and spleen (n = 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively) regardless of insemination treatment. In the vaginal submucosa, the number of IgM+ B cells was significantly higher in the semen group compared with the sham group at peak lay (n = 0.04). The number of IgA+ and IgY+ B cells were higher in the UVJ submucosa at the end of lay compared with start of lay, regardless of insemination treatment (n = 0.0001 and 0.03 respectively). In summary, the localization and number of adaptive immune cells change in response to the presence of sperm and laying cycle and depend on factors including immune cell type and tissue compartment. This suggests that the adaptive immune system of the oviduct plays an important role in responding to sperm based on the stage of the laying cycle. Modulating this immune response could improve reproductive performance.

每周人工授精（AI）是商业火鸡饲养场的常见做法。本研究旨在确定火鸡产蛋周期内每周人工授精对应激、输卵管和全身免疫力的影响。母鸡被分为假人工授精（仅人工授精器）和精液人工授精（人工授精器+精子）两种处理。分别在产蛋开始、产蛋高峰和产蛋结束时采集血液、子宫阴道交界处（UVJ）、阴道和脾脏（n = 8-12 只/组，组织 5 只/组）。在产蛋高峰期，输精母鸡的嗜异性细胞与淋巴细胞比率（H:L）明显高于假输精母鸡（n = 0.05）。免疫组化显示，在不同的授精处理中，产蛋末期与产蛋初期和产蛋高峰期相比，精子储存管（SST）和UVJ黏膜下层的CD3+ T细胞数量更高（n = 0.07和0.01）。在产蛋末期组中，精液授精母鸡的SST和UVJ粘膜下层CD3+ T细胞数量较多（n = 0.04和0.1）。无论采用哪种人工授精方法，产蛋初期与产蛋末期相比，SST 和脾脏中的 IgM+ B 细胞数量都明显增加（分别为 n = 0.01 和 0.0001）。在阴道黏膜下层，精液组的 IgM+ B 细胞数量在产卵高峰期明显高于假体组（n = 0.04）。与产卵开始时相比，产卵结束时 UVJ 黏膜下的 IgA+ 和 IgY+ B 细胞数量较高，与人工授精处理无关（n = 0.0001 和 0.03）。总之，适应性免疫细胞的定位和数量随精子的存在和产蛋周期而变化，并取决于免疫细胞类型和组织区系等因素。这表明输卵管的适应性免疫系统在根据产卵周期阶段对精子做出反应方面发挥着重要作用。调节这种免疫反应可以提高繁殖性能。

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引用次数: 0

Threonine modulates the STAT3-SCD1 pathway to reduce fatty acid metabolism in duck hepatocytes. 苏氨酸调节 STAT3-SCD1 通路，减少鸭肝细胞的脂肪酸代谢。

IF 4.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104444

Zhong Zhuang, Lei Wu, Wenqian Jia, Yongpeng Li, Yijia Lu, Minghong Xu, Hao Bai, Yulin Bi, Zhixiu Wang, Shihao Chen, Guobin Chang, Yong Jiang

Dietary threonine (Thr) is known to influence fat deposition in poultry, but the precise mechanisms behind its regulatory effects on hepatic lipid metabolism remain elusive. Prior research indicated that including supplemental Thr in the feed may influence STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) levels in the liver of meat ducks. Numerous studies have recorded the function of STAT3 in regulating fatty acid (FA) metabolism in mammals. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether Thr influences FA metabolism and triglycerides (TG) deposition in duck liver by regulating STAT3 expression. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from duck embryos and treated for 36 h with different doses of Thr (0, 10, 25, 50, 200 μM) in vitro or with a constructed STAT3 overexpression plasmid to examine the content of FAs and TG. RNA-seq was used to detect changes in gene expression in hepatocytes following STAT3 overexpression. The results demonstrated that both the exogenous addition of Thr and the overexpression of STAT3 significantly suppressed the capacity of hepatocytes for FAs deposition (P < 0.05). The overexpression of STAT3 also inhibited TG accumulation under conditions in response to Thr deficiency (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analyses indicated that the overexpression of STAT3 inhibits the activity of triglyceride metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (P < 0.01). Finally, a dual-luciferase reporter test demonstrated that STAT3 may systematically target and inhibit SCD1 transcription (P < 0.01). The present study indicates that supplemental Thr (50 μM) inhibits hepatic FA deposition via the STAT3-SCD1 pathway. This work enhances our comprehension of the functional roles of Thr and STAT3 in modulating lipid metabolism within duck livers. Moreover, it provides a partial theoretical foundation for the nutritional prevention and pharmacological intervention of lipid metabolism disorders in poultry.

众所周知，日粮中的苏氨酸（Thr）会影响家禽的脂肪沉积，但其对肝脏脂质代谢的调节作用背后的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。先前的研究表明，在饲料中添加苏氨酸可能会影响肉鸭肝脏中的 STAT3（信号转导和转录激活因子 3）水平。大量研究记录了 STAT3 在调节哺乳动物脂肪酸代谢中的功能。本研究的主要目的是探讨 Thr 是否会通过调节 STAT3 的表达来影响鸭肝中的脂肪酸代谢和甘油三酯（TG）沉积。从鸭胚胎中分离出原代肝细胞，在体外用不同剂量的 Thr（0、10、25、50、200 μM）或用构建的 STAT3 过表达质粒处理 36 小时，以检测 FA 和 TG 的含量。采用 RNA-seq 技术检测 STAT3 过表达后肝细胞中基因表达的变化。结果表明，外源添加 Thr 和过表达 STAT3 都会显著抑制肝细胞的 FAs 沉积能力（P < 0.05）。在 Thr 缺乏的条件下，STAT3 的过表达也抑制了 TG 的积累（P < 0.01）。转录组分析表明，STAT3 的过表达抑制了甘油三酯代谢和不饱和脂肪酸生物合成的活性（P < 0.01）。最后，双荧光素酶报告试验表明，STAT3 可系统性地靶向并抑制 SCD1 的转录（P < 0.01）。本研究表明，补充 Thr（50 μM）可通过 STAT3-SCD1 通路抑制肝脏 FA 沉积。这项研究加深了我们对 Thr 和 STAT3 在调节鸭肝脂质代谢中的功能作用的理解。此外，它还为家禽脂质代谢紊乱的营养预防和药物干预提供了部分理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Energy digestibility in broilers and poult performance when fed palm or soybean oil with or without glyceryl monolaurate. 添加或不添加单月桂酸甘油酯的棕榈油或大豆油喂养肉鸡的能量消化率和肉鸡的生产性能。

IF 4.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104442

Brian J Kerr, Sarah C Pearce, Chad R Risley, Brooke A Wilson, Dawn A Koltes

Two trials were conducted to determine interactive effects between lipid source (palm oil, PO versus soybean oil, SO) and emulsifier addition (none versus glycerol monolaurate-GML) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in broilers and growth performance in poults. In trial 1, 0.05 % GML addition had no impact on the ATTD of GE of SO but improved the ATTD of PO from 77.11 % to 88.21 % (interaction, P=0.03). Without GML addition, PO had a lower ATTD of GE (77.11 %) compared to SO (96.48 %) resulting in an AME of 7,259 versus 9,092 kcal/kg for PO and SO, respectively. In trial 2, the addition of 0.10 % GML reduced ADFI in poults fed diets containing 5 % PO compared to poults fed 0 or 0.05 % GML, while the addition of either 0.05 or 0.10 % GML reduced ADFI in poults fed diets containing 5 % SO compared to poults fed no GML (P=0.01). There was a similar response with ADG (P=0.01) where the addition of either 0.05 or 0.10 % GML reduced ADG in poults fed diets containing SO compared to poults fed no GML, while the addition of GML was largely without effect in poults fed diets containing PO. There was no interaction between lipid source and emulsifier addition on feed efficiency (P>0.10). Poults fed diets containing PO had a poorer feed efficiency compared to birds fed diets containing SO (P=0.01). The main effect of emulsifier was inconsistent in that poults fed the diets containing 0.10 % GML had the greatest feed efficiency compared to poults fed the diets containing 0.05 % GML, with poults fed diets containing no emulsifier being intermediate (P=0.10). In conclusion, addition of GML improved the ATTD of GE for PO but had no effect on the ATTD of GE for SO. This improvement in energy digestibility, did not however, translate to an improvement in poult performance. Broilers and poults fed diets containing SO had a greater feed efficiency compared to birds fed diets containing PO.

我们进行了两项试验，以确定脂质来源（棕榈油，PO 与大豆油，SO）和乳化剂添加量（无与甘油单月桂酸酯-GML）对肉鸡总能（GE）的表观总消化率（ATTD）和小鸡生长性能的交互影响。在试验 1 中，添加 0.05 % 的 GML 对 SO 的 GE ATTD 没有影响，但 PO 的 ATTD 从 77.11 % 提高到 88.21 %（交互作用，P=0.03）。在不添加 GML 的情况下，PO 的 GE ATTD（77.11%）低于 SO（96.48%），导致 PO 和 SO 的 AME 分别为 7,259 千卡/千克和 9,092 千卡/千克。在试验 2 中，与饲喂 0 % 或 0.05 % GML 的家禽相比，添加 0.10 % GML 会降低饲喂含 5 % PO 日粮的家禽的 ADFI，而与不添加 GML 的家禽相比，添加 0.05 % 或 0.10 % GML 会降低饲喂含 5 % SO 日粮的家禽的 ADFI（P=0.01）。ADG 也有类似的反应（P=0.01），添加 0.05 或 0.10 % GML 会降低饲喂含 SO 日粮的家禽的 ADG，而饲喂不含 GML 日粮的家禽则会降低 ADG，而添加 GML 对饲喂含 PO 日粮的家禽基本没有影响。脂质来源和乳化剂添加量对饲料效率没有交互影响（P>0.10）。与饲喂含 SO 的日粮相比，饲喂含 PO 的日粮的小鸡的饲料效率较低（P=0.01）。乳化剂的主效应不一致，饲喂含 0.10 % GML 日粮的家禽比饲喂含 0.05 % GML 日粮的家禽饲料效率最高，饲喂不含乳化剂日粮的家禽饲料效率居中（P=0.10）。总之，添加 GML 提高了 GE 对 PO 的 ATTD，但对 GE 对 SO 的 ATTD 没有影响。然而，能量消化率的提高并没有转化为家禽生产性能的提高。与饲喂含 PO 的日粮相比，饲喂含 SO 的日粮的肉鸡和小鸡的饲料效率更高。

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引用次数: 0