A. Melninkaitis, N. Šiaulys, L. Smalakys, Balys Momgaudis, Julius Vaicenavičius, Simona Barkauskaitė, V. Sirutkaitis, L. Gallais, S. Guizard
Time-resolved investigations of laser-matter interaction processes in dielectric coatings and bulk silica leading to laserinduced damage were performed with high temporal and spatial resolution. Distinct excitation geometries were used to study different aspects of laser matter interaction. Samples were irradiated at the pump fluence levels below and above their single shot laser-induced damage thresholds. The obtained results provide new insights about the sequence of interdependent processes. The fundamental differences between the so called 1-on-1 and S-on-1 damage morphologies are observed and discussed. New data of numerical simulations revealing the nonlinear properties of optical thin films are presented. Increased visibility in time resolved damage detection as well as observation of coherent oscillations in measured signals are introduced and discussed.
{"title":"What time-resolved measurements tell us about femtosecond laser damage?","authors":"A. Melninkaitis, N. Šiaulys, L. Smalakys, Balys Momgaudis, Julius Vaicenavičius, Simona Barkauskaitė, V. Sirutkaitis, L. Gallais, S. Guizard","doi":"10.1117/12.2195333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195333","url":null,"abstract":"Time-resolved investigations of laser-matter interaction processes in dielectric coatings and bulk silica leading to laserinduced damage were performed with high temporal and spatial resolution. Distinct excitation geometries were used to study different aspects of laser matter interaction. Samples were irradiated at the pump fluence levels below and above their single shot laser-induced damage thresholds. The obtained results provide new insights about the sequence of interdependent processes. The fundamental differences between the so called 1-on-1 and S-on-1 damage morphologies are observed and discussed. New data of numerical simulations revealing the nonlinear properties of optical thin films are presented. Increased visibility in time resolved damage detection as well as observation of coherent oscillations in measured signals are introduced and discussed.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Botha, Silvia Schwyn Thöny, M. Größl, S. Mourad, C. Maissen, J. I. Venter, T. Südmeyer, M. Hoffmann, P. Bulkin, Sabine Linz-Dittrich, D. Bischof, M. Michler, S. Rinner, A. Ettemeyer
Manufacturing processes from the private and academic sectors were used to deposit anti-reflective and high-reflective coatings composed of Ta2O5 - SiO2 multilayers. Used deposition techniques included three Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD) systems and an Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) system. Coatings were performed on fused silica (Corning 7980) substrates polished by two different suppliers. LIDT Measurements were performed using a Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064nm. The paper presents a comparison of the coatings in terms of laser damage threshold values, optical properties and surface quality.
{"title":"Comparative study of the laser damage threshold and optical characteristics of Ta2O5-SiO2 multilayers deposited using various methods","authors":"R. Botha, Silvia Schwyn Thöny, M. Größl, S. Mourad, C. Maissen, J. I. Venter, T. Südmeyer, M. Hoffmann, P. Bulkin, Sabine Linz-Dittrich, D. Bischof, M. Michler, S. Rinner, A. Ettemeyer","doi":"10.1117/12.2194084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194084","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing processes from the private and academic sectors were used to deposit anti-reflective and high-reflective coatings composed of Ta2O5 - SiO2 multilayers. Used deposition techniques included three Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD) systems and an Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) system. Coatings were performed on fused silica (Corning 7980) substrates polished by two different suppliers. LIDT Measurements were performed using a Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064nm. The paper presents a comparison of the coatings in terms of laser damage threshold values, optical properties and surface quality.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122378913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bellum, E. Field, D. Kletecka, P. Rambo, I. Smith
We have designed a dichroic beam combiner coating consisting of 11 HfO2/SiO2 layer pairs deposited on a large fused silica substrate. The coating provides high transmission (HT) at 527 nm and high reflection (HR) at 1054 nm for light at 22.5° angle of incidence (AOI) in air in S polarization (Spol). The coating's design is based on layers of near half-wave optical thickness in the design space for stable HT at 527 nm, with layer modifications that provide HR at 1054 nm while preserving HT at 527 nm. Its implementation in the 527 nm/1054 nm dual wavelength beam combiner arrangement has two options, with each option requiring one or the other of the high intensity beams to be incident on the dichroic coating from within the substrate (from glass). We show that there are differences between the two options with respect to the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) properties of the coating, and analyze the differences in terms of the 527 nm and 1054 nm E-field intensity behaviors for air → coating and glass → coating incidence. Our E-field analysis indicates that LIDTs for air → coating incidence should be higher than for glass → coating incidence. LIDT measurements for Spol at the use AOI with ns pulses at 532 nm and 1064 nm confirm this analysis with the LIDTs for glass → coating incidence being about half those for air → coating incidence at both wavelengths. These LIDT results and the E-field analysis clearly indicate that the best beam combiner option is the one for which the high intensity 527 nm beam is incident on the coating from air and the 1054 nm high intensity beam is incident on the coating from glass.
{"title":"Design and laser damage properties of a dichroic beam combiner coating for 22.5° incidence and S polarization with high-transmission at 527nm and high-reflection at 1054nm","authors":"J. Bellum, E. Field, D. Kletecka, P. Rambo, I. Smith","doi":"10.1117/12.2218166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2218166","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed a dichroic beam combiner coating consisting of 11 HfO2/SiO2 layer pairs deposited on a large fused silica substrate. The coating provides high transmission (HT) at 527 nm and high reflection (HR) at 1054 nm for light at 22.5° angle of incidence (AOI) in air in S polarization (Spol). The coating's design is based on layers of near half-wave optical thickness in the design space for stable HT at 527 nm, with layer modifications that provide HR at 1054 nm while preserving HT at 527 nm. Its implementation in the 527 nm/1054 nm dual wavelength beam combiner arrangement has two options, with each option requiring one or the other of the high intensity beams to be incident on the dichroic coating from within the substrate (from glass). We show that there are differences between the two options with respect to the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) properties of the coating, and analyze the differences in terms of the 527 nm and 1054 nm E-field intensity behaviors for air → coating and glass → coating incidence. Our E-field analysis indicates that LIDTs for air → coating incidence should be higher than for glass → coating incidence. LIDT measurements for Spol at the use AOI with ns pulses at 532 nm and 1064 nm confirm this analysis with the LIDTs for glass → coating incidence being about half those for air → coating incidence at both wavelengths. These LIDT results and the E-field analysis clearly indicate that the best beam combiner option is the one for which the high intensity 527 nm beam is incident on the coating from air and the 1054 nm high intensity beam is incident on the coating from glass.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127851956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Emmert, C. Rodriguez, Zhanliang Sun, F. Beygi Azar Aghbolagh, S. Günster, D. Ristau, D. Patel, C. Menoni, W. Rudolph
The push for ever more powerful and shorter laser pulse sources demands optical coatings that can handle large bandwidths while operating near the threshold of permanent damage. We review some of the current challenges in the understanding of film behavior under load and opportunities that arise from tailored coating stacks for nonlinear optical harmonic generation.
{"title":"Optical coatings excited by femtosecond lasers near the damage threshold: challenges and opportunities","authors":"L. Emmert, C. Rodriguez, Zhanliang Sun, F. Beygi Azar Aghbolagh, S. Günster, D. Ristau, D. Patel, C. Menoni, W. Rudolph","doi":"10.1117/12.2196553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196553","url":null,"abstract":"The push for ever more powerful and shorter laser pulse sources demands optical coatings that can handle large bandwidths while operating near the threshold of permanent damage. We review some of the current challenges in the understanding of film behavior under load and opportunities that arise from tailored coating stacks for nonlinear optical harmonic generation.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134282735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Wagner, A. Melninkaitis, G. Batavičiūtė, C. Gouldieff, L. Smalakys, A. Beaudier, J. Natoli
Damage induced by nanosecond laser in optical materials can often be attributed to the presence of laser damage precursor in the material. The presence of these precursors within dielectric optics can be successfully described by so called distributed defect ensembles. The physical parameters of these precursor presence models can be deduced by fitting experimental laser damage probability data. For a degenerate defect ensemble these parameters are the precursor threshold and the precursor density in the sample. To deduce precursor densities correctly it is essential to consider the real shape of laser beam that often deviates from Gaussian or hat-top models. To address these issues we discuss a new fitting procedure that minimizes significant errors in the deduced model parameters using experimental beam profile images. We suggest two methods: Defining a Gaussian replacement beam or using a numerical approximation of the surface over threshold (SOT) of the real beam. Both methods are discussed at the example of a degenerate damage precursor population but apply to any type of damage precursor population.
{"title":"Characterization of damage precursor density from laser damage probability measurements with non-Gaussian beams","authors":"F. Wagner, A. Melninkaitis, G. Batavičiūtė, C. Gouldieff, L. Smalakys, A. Beaudier, J. Natoli","doi":"10.1117/12.2196604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196604","url":null,"abstract":"Damage induced by nanosecond laser in optical materials can often be attributed to the presence of laser damage precursor in the material. The presence of these precursors within dielectric optics can be successfully described by so called distributed defect ensembles. The physical parameters of these precursor presence models can be deduced by fitting experimental laser damage probability data. For a degenerate defect ensemble these parameters are the precursor threshold and the precursor density in the sample. To deduce precursor densities correctly it is essential to consider the real shape of laser beam that often deviates from Gaussian or hat-top models. To address these issues we discuss a new fitting procedure that minimizes significant errors in the deduced model parameters using experimental beam profile images. We suggest two methods: Defining a Gaussian replacement beam or using a numerical approximation of the surface over threshold (SOT) of the real beam. Both methods are discussed at the example of a degenerate damage precursor population but apply to any type of damage precursor population.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114229299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a technique for high-speed imaging of the dynamic thermal deformation of transparent substrates under high-power laser irradiation. Traditional thermal sensor arrays are not fast enough to capture thermal decay events. Our system adapts a Mach-Zender interferometer, along with a high-speed camera to capture phase images on sub-millisecond time-scales. These phase images are related to temperature by thermal expansion effects and by the change of refractive index with temperature. High power continuous-wave and long-pulse laser damage often hinges on thermal phenomena rather than the field-induced effects of ultra-short pulse lasers. Our system was able to measure such phenomena. We were able to record 2D videos of 1 ms thermal deformation waves, with 6 frames per wave, from a 100 ns, 10 mJ Q-switched Nd:YAG laser incident on a yttria-coated glass slide. We recorded thermal deformation waves with peak temperatures on the order of 100 degrees Celsius during non-destructive testing.
{"title":"High-speed quantitative phase imaging of dynamic thermal deformation in laser irradiated films","authors":"L. Taylor, A. Brown, K. Olson, J. Talghader","doi":"10.1117/12.2195107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195107","url":null,"abstract":"We present a technique for high-speed imaging of the dynamic thermal deformation of transparent substrates under high-power laser irradiation. Traditional thermal sensor arrays are not fast enough to capture thermal decay events. Our system adapts a Mach-Zender interferometer, along with a high-speed camera to capture phase images on sub-millisecond time-scales. These phase images are related to temperature by thermal expansion effects and by the change of refractive index with temperature. High power continuous-wave and long-pulse laser damage often hinges on thermal phenomena rather than the field-induced effects of ultra-short pulse lasers. Our system was able to measure such phenomena. We were able to record 2D videos of 1 ms thermal deformation waves, with 6 frames per wave, from a 100 ns, 10 mJ Q-switched Nd:YAG laser incident on a yttria-coated glass slide. We recorded thermal deformation waves with peak temperatures on the order of 100 degrees Celsius during non-destructive testing.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123561827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bassiri, C. Clark, I. Martin, A. Markosyan, P. Murray, J. Tessmer, S. Rowan, M. Fejer
The Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) and material properties of various multi-layer amorphous dielectric optical coatings, including Nb2O5, Ta2O5, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, AlN, SiN, LiF and ZnSe, have been studied. The coatings were produced by ion assisted electron beam and thermal evaporation; and RF and DC magnetron sputtering at Helia Photonics Ltd, Livingston, UK. The coatings were characterized by optical absorption measurements at 1064 nm by Photothermal Common-path Interferometry (PCI). Surface roughness and damage pits were analyzed using atomic force microscopy. LIDT measurements were carried out at 1064 nm, with a pulse duration of 9.6 ns and repetition rate of 100 Hz, in both 1000-on-1 and 1-on-1 regimes. The relationship between optical absorption, LIDT and post-deposition heat-treatment is discussed, along with analysis of the surface morphology of the LIDT damage sites showing both coating and substrate failure.
{"title":"Investigating the relationship between material properties and laser-induced damage threshold of dielectric optical coatings at 1064 nm","authors":"R. Bassiri, C. Clark, I. Martin, A. Markosyan, P. Murray, J. Tessmer, S. Rowan, M. Fejer","doi":"10.1117/12.2194784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194784","url":null,"abstract":"The Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) and material properties of various multi-layer amorphous dielectric optical coatings, including Nb2O5, Ta2O5, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, AlN, SiN, LiF and ZnSe, have been studied. The coatings were produced by ion assisted electron beam and thermal evaporation; and RF and DC magnetron sputtering at Helia Photonics Ltd, Livingston, UK. The coatings were characterized by optical absorption measurements at 1064 nm by Photothermal Common-path Interferometry (PCI). Surface roughness and damage pits were analyzed using atomic force microscopy. LIDT measurements were carried out at 1064 nm, with a pulse duration of 9.6 ns and repetition rate of 100 Hz, in both 1000-on-1 and 1-on-1 regimes. The relationship between optical absorption, LIDT and post-deposition heat-treatment is discussed, along with analysis of the surface morphology of the LIDT damage sites showing both coating and substrate failure.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126308989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Negres, C. Carr, I. Bass, D. Alessi, T. Laurence, K. Stanion, G. Guss, D. Cross, P. Wegner, C. Stolz
We investigate the optical damage performance of multi-layer dielectric (MLD) coatings suitable for use in high energy, large-aperture petawatt-class lasers. We employ small-area damage test methodologies to evaluate the damage resistance of various coatings as a function of deposition methods and coating materials under simulated use conditions. In addition, we demonstrate that damage initiation by raster scanning at lower fluences and growth threshold testing are required to estimate large-aperture optics’ performance.
{"title":"Characterization of laser-induced damage by picosecond pulses on multi-layer dielectric coatings for petawatt-class lasers","authors":"R. Negres, C. Carr, I. Bass, D. Alessi, T. Laurence, K. Stanion, G. Guss, D. Cross, P. Wegner, C. Stolz","doi":"10.1117/12.2195528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195528","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the optical damage performance of multi-layer dielectric (MLD) coatings suitable for use in high energy, large-aperture petawatt-class lasers. We employ small-area damage test methodologies to evaluate the damage resistance of various coatings as a function of deposition methods and coating materials under simulated use conditions. In addition, we demonstrate that damage initiation by raster scanning at lower fluences and growth threshold testing are required to estimate large-aperture optics’ performance.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"9632 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129972516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The wedged focus lens of fused silica, one of the final optics assembly’s optics, focuses the 351 nm beam onto target and separates the residual 1053 and 527 nm light with 351 nm light. After the experiment with beam energies at 3ω range from 3 to 5KJ, and pulse shapes about 3ns, the wedged focus lens has laser-induced damage at particular area. Analysis the damage result, there are three reasons to induce these damages. These reasons are beam intensity modulation, optics defect and contamination that cause different damage morphologies. The 3ω beam intensity modulation, one of three factors, is the mostly import factor to induce damage. Here, the n2 nonlinear coefficient of fused silica material can lead to small-scale self-focusing filament because of optics thickness and beam intensity. And some damage-filaments’ tails are bulk damage spots because there are subsurface scratches or metal contaminations.
{"title":"Laser-induced damage of fused silica on high-power laser: beam intensity modulation, optics defect, contamination","authors":"Dongfeng Zhao, Mingying Sun, Rong Wu, Xinqiang Lu, Zunqi Lin, Jianqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1117/12.2192426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2192426","url":null,"abstract":"The wedged focus lens of fused silica, one of the final optics assembly’s optics, focuses the 351 nm beam onto target and separates the residual 1053 and 527 nm light with 351 nm light. After the experiment with beam energies at 3ω range from 3 to 5KJ, and pulse shapes about 3ns, the wedged focus lens has laser-induced damage at particular area. Analysis the damage result, there are three reasons to induce these damages. These reasons are beam intensity modulation, optics defect and contamination that cause different damage morphologies. The 3ω beam intensity modulation, one of three factors, is the mostly import factor to induce damage. Here, the n2 nonlinear coefficient of fused silica material can lead to small-scale self-focusing filament because of optics thickness and beam intensity. And some damage-filaments’ tails are bulk damage spots because there are subsurface scratches or metal contaminations.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"9632 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129770495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Chowdhury, K. Kafka, Robert A. Mitchell, A. Russell, Kevin Werner, N. Talisa, Hui Li, A. Yi, D. Schumacher
Single 5 and 40 femtosecond, near IR pulses with fluences varying from 0.4 – 80 J/cm2 from a Ti:Sapphire laser was focused onto a single crystal Cu sample surface with 2.0 μm focal spot at 15 and 45 degree angle of incidence. The surface profiles after interaction were studied with an interferometric depth profiler (Wyko NT9100), and benchmarked against crater size and morphology predicted by 2D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) laser damage simulation model.
{"title":"Single-shot femtosecond laser ablation of copper: experiment vs. simulation","authors":"E. Chowdhury, K. Kafka, Robert A. Mitchell, A. Russell, Kevin Werner, N. Talisa, Hui Li, A. Yi, D. Schumacher","doi":"10.1117/12.2195787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195787","url":null,"abstract":"Single 5 and 40 femtosecond, near IR pulses with fluences varying from 0.4 – 80 J/cm2 from a Ti:Sapphire laser was focused onto a single crystal Cu sample surface with 2.0 μm focal spot at 15 and 45 degree angle of incidence. The surface profiles after interaction were studied with an interferometric depth profiler (Wyko NT9100), and benchmarked against crater size and morphology predicted by 2D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) laser damage simulation model.","PeriodicalId":204978,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Laser Damage","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130842195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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