Intense long-wave infrared (LWIR) femtosecond pulses within the 8−14 µm atmospheric window present an array of applications, such as in strong-field physics, ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy, and self-guided atmospheric propagation. However, the realization of an LWIR source capable of delivering millijoule-class energy, few-cycle duration, and kHz repetition rate concurrently remains challenging. Here, such an LWIR source via the combination of different nonlinear parametric processes is reported, driven by a 1 kHz Yb:YAG thin-disk laser. The system comprises two parallel multi-cycle optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers (OPCPAs) operating at 2.3 and 3.1 µm, respectively, alongside a stage of ZnGeP2-crystal-based difference-frequency generation (DFG). The resulting 9 µm DFG pulses have a record energy of 0.21 mJ, a 3-cycle duration, a 1 kHz repetition rate, and long-term energy stability. The simultaneous output of three synchronized intense lasers at short-wave infrared (2.3 µm), mid-wave infrared (3.1 µm), and LWIR (9 µm) renders the source particularly appealing for multicolor ultrafast applications.
{"title":"Difference-Frequency Generation of 0.2-mJ 3-Cycle 9-µm Pulses from Two 1-kHz Multicycle OPCPAs","authors":"Xingbin Gu, Yufang Ding, Zhixuan Hu, Peng Yuan, Dongfang Zhang, Jing Wang, Guoqiang Xie, Jingui Ma, Liejia Qian","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400507","url":null,"abstract":"Intense long-wave infrared (LWIR) femtosecond pulses within the 8−14 µm atmospheric window present an array of applications, such as in strong-field physics, ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy, and self-guided atmospheric propagation. However, the realization of an LWIR source capable of delivering millijoule-class energy, few-cycle duration, and kHz repetition rate concurrently remains challenging. Here, such an LWIR source via the combination of different nonlinear parametric processes is reported, driven by a 1 kHz Yb:YAG thin-disk laser. The system comprises two parallel multi-cycle optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers (OPCPAs) operating at 2.3 and 3.1 µm, respectively, alongside a stage of ZnGeP<sub>2</sub>-crystal-based difference-frequency generation (DFG). The resulting 9 µm DFG pulses have a record energy of 0.21 mJ, a 3-cycle duration, a 1 kHz repetition rate, and long-term energy stability. The simultaneous output of three synchronized intense lasers at short-wave infrared (2.3 µm), mid-wave infrared (3.1 µm), and LWIR (9 µm) renders the source particularly appealing for multicolor ultrafast applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong-Kai Du, Xu-Lin He, Tai-Zhong Xiao, Yue-Fei Xiang, Lei Zhong, Lei Zhou, Jun-Cheng Zhang, De-Qiang Yao, Tian-Ying Sun, Ming-Mei Wu
Materials capable of simultaneously achieving both mechanoluminescence (ML) and luminescent mechanochromism (L-MC) hold great promise in smart stimuli-responsive applications. However, single-phase and single-doped inorganic ML materials with pronounced L-MC behavior are exceptionally rare because of their single luminescent center. This study investigates a unique L-MC phenomenon in a series of novel triboelectrification-induced ML materials, Sr5(PO4)3X:Eu3+ (X = F, Cl, Br). These materials exhibit the in situ ionic valence state transition and excitation behaviors of the Eu3+-Eu2+ ion pair by utilizing the inherent properties of triboelectrification and cause significant differences in the emission spectra during the photoluminescence and ML process. The redox reactions of Eu ions in the ML process are influenced by the synergistic action of the Eu3+-Eu2+ redox shuttle (suitable redox potential), triboelectrification (driving force), and Sr ion vacancies (catalysts). Hence, this study presents direct experimental evidence for the underlying mechanism of ML and advances the development and applications of triboelectrification-induced ML materials.
能够同时实现机械发光（ML）和发光机械变色（L-MC）的材料在智能激励响应应用中大有可为。然而，具有明显 L-MC 行为的单相和单掺杂无机 ML 材料却非常罕见，因为它们只有一个发光中心。本研究调查了一系列新型三电致发光 ML 材料 Sr5(PO4)3X:Eu3+（X = F、Cl、Br）中独特的 L-MC 现象。这些材料利用三电化的固有特性，表现出 Eu3+-Eu2+ 离子对的原位离子价态转变和激发行为，并在光致发光和 ML 过程中导致发射光谱的显著差异。Eu 离子在 ML 过程中的氧化还原反应受到 Eu3+-Eu2+ 氧化还原穿梭（合适的氧化还原电位）、三电化（驱动力）和 Sr 离子空位（催化剂）的协同作用的影响。因此，本研究为 ML 的基本机制提供了直接的实验证据，并推动了三电解诱导 ML 材料的开发和应用。
{"title":"Synergistic Mechanoluminescence and Mechanochromism Via Triboelectrification-Induced Eu3+/Eu2+ Redox Shuttle","authors":"Rong-Kai Du, Xu-Lin He, Tai-Zhong Xiao, Yue-Fei Xiang, Lei Zhong, Lei Zhou, Jun-Cheng Zhang, De-Qiang Yao, Tian-Ying Sun, Ming-Mei Wu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401211","url":null,"abstract":"Materials capable of simultaneously achieving both mechanoluminescence (ML) and luminescent mechanochromism (L-MC) hold great promise in smart stimuli-responsive applications. However, single-phase and single-doped inorganic ML materials with pronounced L-MC behavior are exceptionally rare because of their single luminescent center. This study investigates a unique L-MC phenomenon in a series of novel triboelectrification-induced ML materials, Sr<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>X:Eu<sup>3+</sup> (X = F, Cl, Br). These materials exhibit the in situ ionic valence state transition and excitation behaviors of the Eu<sup>3+</sup>-Eu<sup>2+</sup> ion pair by utilizing the inherent properties of triboelectrification and cause significant differences in the emission spectra during the photoluminescence and ML process. The redox reactions of Eu ions in the ML process are influenced by the synergistic action of the Eu<sup>3+</sup>-Eu<sup>2+</sup> redox shuttle (suitable redox potential), triboelectrification (driving force), and Sr ion vacancies (catalysts). Hence, this study presents direct experimental evidence for the underlying mechanism of ML and advances the development and applications of triboelectrification-induced ML materials.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Xiao, Ronghua Chen, Zhehong Zhou, Bing Lin, Tao Pang, Jidong Lin, Ruidan Zhang, Ping Huang, An Xie, Daqin Chen
Flexible regulation of local chemistry and band gap of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) is crucial for exploring their new functionalities and device applications. In this work, a strategy based on the combination of femtosecond (fs) laser-irradiation and thermal treatment to effectively manipulate chemical composition and emitting wavelength of PeQDs in amorphous glass, is reported. The engineering of ultrafast laser-induced thermal effect enables to induce in situ nucleation/growth of dual-phase PeQDs within an individual glass matrix. By elevating heat-treatment (HT) temperature, I− ions are driven to surmount the diffusion barrier into the PeQDs lattice, leading to a tunable emission wavelength ranging from 613 to 647 nm. Besides, it is verified that the temperature-dependent diffusion rate of I− ions plays a pivotal role in affecting luminescent efficiency and color of the dual-phase glass. Finally, fs laser direct writing of multi-color patterns is presented, which provides a flexible method to develop new encryption/decryption technology for information security and anti-counterfeiting.
{"title":"Ultrafast Laser Printing Green–Red Dual-Phase Perovskite Quantum Dots in Glass","authors":"Han Xiao, Ronghua Chen, Zhehong Zhou, Bing Lin, Tao Pang, Jidong Lin, Ruidan Zhang, Ping Huang, An Xie, Daqin Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401258","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible regulation of local chemistry and band gap of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) is crucial for exploring their new functionalities and device applications. In this work, a strategy based on the combination of femtosecond (fs) laser-irradiation and thermal treatment to effectively manipulate chemical composition and emitting wavelength of PeQDs in amorphous glass, is reported. The engineering of ultrafast laser-induced thermal effect enables to induce in situ nucleation/growth of dual-phase PeQDs within an individual glass matrix. By elevating heat-treatment (HT) temperature, I<sup>−</sup> ions are driven to surmount the diffusion barrier into the PeQDs lattice, leading to a tunable emission wavelength ranging from 613 to 647 nm. Besides, it is verified that the temperature-dependent diffusion rate of I<sup>−</sup> ions plays a pivotal role in affecting luminescent efficiency and color of the dual-phase glass. Finally, fs laser direct writing of multi-color patterns is presented, which provides a flexible method to develop new encryption/decryption technology for information security and anti-counterfeiting.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High‐power broadband near‐infrared (NIR) light sources have received extensive attention in long‐distance night vision lighting, non‐invasive detection and imaging, and quantitative analysis of organic components. However, developing targeted NIR‐emitting phosphors with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and thermal stability remains a challenge to raise the NIR output power and expand the applications. Herein, Ga1.98−xScxO3:0.02Cr3+ luminescent ceramics are prepared with redshifted emission peaks from 710 to 820 nm depending on the weakened crystal field. The optimized Ga1.18Sc0.8O3:0.02Cr3+ ceramic exhibits a high EQE of 79.6% and excellent thermal stability (I423 K/I298 K = 72%) under 468 nm excitation, which brings a saturation threshold up to 893 mW@3 W mm−2 under 450 nm laser pumping. The high‐power laser‐driven broadband NIR light source demonstrates potential in non‐invasive detection and quantitative analysis of alcohol concentration. This study opens up new avenues for the exploration of high‐power broadband NIR light sources.
{"title":"Laser‐Driven (Ga/Sc)2O3:Cr3+ Luminescent Ceramics Enabling Near‐Infrared Light Source for Noninvasive Imaging and Detection","authors":"Zhan Xiong, Gaochao Liu, Weibin Chen, Zhiguo Xia","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401248","url":null,"abstract":"High‐power broadband near‐infrared (NIR) light sources have received extensive attention in long‐distance night vision lighting, non‐invasive detection and imaging, and quantitative analysis of organic components. However, developing targeted NIR‐emitting phosphors with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and thermal stability remains a challenge to raise the NIR output power and expand the applications. Herein, Ga<jats:sub>1.98−</jats:sub><jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic>Sc<jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>:0.02Cr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> luminescent ceramics are prepared with redshifted emission peaks from 710 to 820 nm depending on the weakened crystal field. The optimized Ga<jats:sub>1.18</jats:sub>Sc<jats:sub>0.8</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>:0.02Cr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> ceramic exhibits a high EQE of 79.6% and excellent thermal stability (<jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sub>423 K</jats:sub>/<jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sub>298 K</jats:sub> = 72%) under 468 nm excitation, which brings a saturation threshold up to 893 mW@3 W mm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> under 450 nm laser pumping. The high‐power laser‐driven broadband NIR light source demonstrates potential in non‐invasive detection and quantitative analysis of alcohol concentration. This study opens up new avenues for the exploration of high‐power broadband NIR light sources.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Liu, Hongbing Wang, Feiyi Liao, Haipeng Di, Haibin Li, Jianwei Zhao, Xiaochong Zhao, Jiangfeng Song, Lin Lei, Changan Chen
3D lead-halide perovskite wafers, recognized for their superior photoelectronic properties and robust fabrication, are promising candidates for advanced X-ray detectors. However, severe ion migration in 3D perovskite wafers leads to dark current baseline drift and long-term operational instability, hindering their further development. Herein, 3D MAPbI3 polycrystalline wafers with suppressed ion migration are prepared using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) and systematically investigated for X-ray detection. The BMIMBF4-passivated MAPbI3 wafers exhibit a low defect trap density (ntrap) of 9.45 × 109 cm−3, a high ion activation energy (Ea) of 0.51 eV, a notable iodide ion migration energy barrier of 0.65 eV, and a decreased dark current drift (Idrift) of 3.56 × 10−4 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1. The optimized MAPbI3 wafer-based detectors exhibit a high sensitivity of 12088.8 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, a low detection limit (LoD) of 107.8 nGyair s−1, and strong operational stability in X-ray detection. Moreover, these detectors demonstrate outstanding X-ray imaging capabilities, achieving a high spatial resolution of 5.17 lp mm−1. Consequently, the utilization of ionic liquids with pseudo-halide anions and polarized electron density distribution provides an innovative strategy for passivating 3D perovskite, advancing the field of powder-pressed perovskite wafer X-ray detection.
三维卤化铅包晶石晶片因其卓越的光电子特性和坚固耐用的制造工艺而广受认可，是先进 X 射线探测器的理想候选材料。然而，三维过氧化物晶圆中严重的离子迁移会导致暗电流基线漂移和长期运行不稳定，从而阻碍其进一步发展。本文使用离子液体 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（BMIMBF4）制备了可抑制离子迁移的三维 MAPbI3 多晶晶片，并对其进行了系统的 X 射线探测研究。经过 BMIMBF4 钝化处理的 MAPbI3 硅片具有 9.45 × 109 cm-3 的低缺陷陷阱密度 (ntrap)、0.51 eV 的高离子活化能 (Ea)、0.65 eV 的显著碘离子迁移能垒以及 3.56 × 10-4 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 的低暗电流漂移 (Idrift)。经过优化的基于 MAPbI3 晶圆的探测器具有 12088.8 µC Gyair-1 cm-2 的高灵敏度、107.8 nGyair s-1 的低检测限 (LoD) 以及在 X 射线检测中强大的工作稳定性。此外，这些探测器还具有出色的 X 射线成像能力，空间分辨率高达 5.17 lp mm-1。因此，利用具有伪卤化物阴离子和极化电子密度分布的离子液体为三维包晶提供了一种创新的钝化策略，推动了粉末压制包晶晶片 X 射线探测领域的发展。
{"title":"Suppressing Ion Migration in MAPbI3 Polycrystalline Wafer with BMIMBF4 Ionic Liquid for X-ray Detection and Imaging","authors":"Dan Liu, Hongbing Wang, Feiyi Liao, Haipeng Di, Haibin Li, Jianwei Zhao, Xiaochong Zhao, Jiangfeng Song, Lin Lei, Changan Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401206","url":null,"abstract":"3D lead-halide perovskite wafers, recognized for their superior photoelectronic properties and robust fabrication, are promising candidates for advanced X-ray detectors. However, severe ion migration in 3D perovskite wafers leads to dark current baseline drift and long-term operational instability, hindering their further development. Herein, 3D MAPbI<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline wafers with suppressed ion migration are prepared using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF<sub>4</sub>) and systematically investigated for X-ray detection. The BMIMBF<sub>4</sub>-passivated MAPbI<sub>3</sub> wafers exhibit a low defect trap density (<i>n</i><sub>trap</sub>) of 9.45 × 10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, a high ion activation energy (<i>E<sub>a</sub></i>) of 0.51 eV, a notable iodide ion migration energy barrier of 0.65 eV, and a decreased dark current drift (<i>I</i><sub>drift</sub>) of 3.56 × 10<sup>−4</sup> nA cm<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> V<sup>−1</sup>. The optimized MAPbI<sub>3</sub> wafer-based detectors exhibit a high sensitivity of 12088.8 µC Gy<sub>air</sub><sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, a low detection limit (LoD) of 107.8 nGy<sub>air</sub> s<sup>−1</sup>, and strong operational stability in X-ray detection. Moreover, these detectors demonstrate outstanding X-ray imaging capabilities, achieving a high spatial resolution of 5.17 lp mm<sup>−1</sup>. Consequently, the utilization of ionic liquids with pseudo-halide anions and polarized electron density distribution provides an innovative strategy for passivating 3D perovskite, advancing the field of powder-pressed perovskite wafer X-ray detection.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) enables label‐free imaging of the 3D vasculature and functional information with 2D lateral scan. The unique capacity in probing metabolism makes it ideal for animal research and clinical application. However, the high‐excitation power impedes the high‐speed monitoring of hemodynamics due to thermal accumulation and photon damage. To address this challenge, a self‐supervised photoacoustic single volume denoising (PSVD) approach, which combines 3D random sampling and noise augmentation to achieve 6 dB signal‐to‐noise‐ratio and contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio increases for the customized optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscope, is developed. Using PSVD, high‐quality PAM images of the mouse ear are acquired with only 10% fluence of normal excitation. Functional imaging is validated with this PSVD‐empowered low‐fluence PAM. Accurate oxygen saturation maps and high‐contrast flow kymographs are obtained. Moreover, the capability of this approach in the live mouse ear under hypercapnia is demonstrated. Further transformation into clinical imaging with low fluence will broaden the application of PAM.
{"title":"High‐Speed Hemodynamic Imaging with Low‐Fluence Photoacoustic Microscopy and Self‐Supervised Single Volume Denoising","authors":"Fenghe Zhong, Xin Huang, Minglu Sun, Dongyu Li, Peng Fei","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401291","url":null,"abstract":"Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) enables label‐free imaging of the 3D vasculature and functional information with 2D lateral scan. The unique capacity in probing metabolism makes it ideal for animal research and clinical application. However, the high‐excitation power impedes the high‐speed monitoring of hemodynamics due to thermal accumulation and photon damage. To address this challenge, a self‐supervised photoacoustic single volume denoising (PSVD) approach, which combines 3D random sampling and noise augmentation to achieve 6 dB signal‐to‐noise‐ratio and contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio increases for the customized optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscope, is developed. Using PSVD, high‐quality PAM images of the mouse ear are acquired with only 10% fluence of normal excitation. Functional imaging is validated with this PSVD‐empowered low‐fluence PAM. Accurate oxygen saturation maps and high‐contrast flow kymographs are obtained. Moreover, the capability of this approach in the live mouse ear under hypercapnia is demonstrated. Further transformation into clinical imaging with low fluence will broaden the application of PAM.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing inspiration from modern integrated circuit systems composed of various electronic components built on a single silicon platform, the emerging integrated photonics can also follow a similar trend in the pursuit of expanded optical functionalities in constructing compact optoelectronic systems. Herein, vertically integrated a micro-scale light-emitting diode (micro-LED) array with a photodetector (PD) side-by-side through a transparent sapphire substrate is proposed. The downward emitted photons from the micro-LEDs can easily transmit through the transparent sapphire and then be captured by the PD fabricated on the backside of the sapphire. Additionally, by integrating a feedback electrical circuit, a self-stabilized light output power is demonstrated from the micro-LED array in such vertically integrated LED/PD architecture, which cannot only monitor the fluctuation of light intensity from the micro-LED array over time but also provide a constant output feedback to ensure a stable light output power. Such a compact and stable DUV light source composed of micro-LED array is then employed for constructing a DUV maskless photolithography system. To best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of maskless photolithography based on DUV micro-LED active matrix. The proposed vertically-stacked optical device architecture by leveraging the transparent substrate offers a new path toward the realization of future integrated photonic systems.
现代集成电路系统是在单一硅平台上构建各种电子元件，受此启发，新兴的集成光子学也可遵循类似趋势，在构建紧凑型光电系统时追求扩展光学功能。本文提出了通过透明蓝宝石衬底并排垂直集成微型发光二极管（micro-LED）阵列和光电探测器（PD）的方法。微型发光二极管向下发射的光子可以很容易地透过透明蓝宝石，然后被制作在蓝宝石背面的光电探测器捕获。此外，在这种垂直集成的 LED/PD 结构中，通过集成反馈电路，微型 LED 阵列可实现自稳定的光输出功率，不仅能监测微型 LED 阵列随时间变化的光强波动，还能提供恒定的输出反馈，以确保稳定的光输出功率。这种由微型 LED 阵列组成的紧凑而稳定的 DUV 光源可用于构建 DUV 无掩膜光刻系统。据我们所知，这是首次展示基于 DUV 微型 LED 有源矩阵的无掩模光刻技术。利用透明基底提出的垂直堆叠光学器件架构为实现未来的集成光子系统提供了一条新的途径。
{"title":"Vertically Integrated Self-Monitoring AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet Micro-LED Array with Photodetector Via a Transparent Sapphire Substrate Toward Stable and Compact Maskless Photolithography Application","authors":"Huabin Yu, Jikai Yao, Muhammad Hunain Memon, Yuanmin Luo, Zhixiang Gao, Dongyang Luo, Rui Wang, Zixun Wang, Wei Chen, Linjun Wang, Shuiqing Li, Jinjian Zheng, Jiangyong Zhang, Sheng Liu, Haiding Sun","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401220","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing inspiration from modern integrated circuit systems composed of various electronic components built on a single silicon platform, the emerging integrated photonics can also follow a similar trend in the pursuit of expanded optical functionalities in constructing compact optoelectronic systems. Herein, vertically integrated a micro-scale light-emitting diode (micro-LED) array with a photodetector (PD) side-by-side through a transparent sapphire substrate is proposed. The downward emitted photons from the micro-LEDs can easily transmit through the transparent sapphire and then be captured by the PD fabricated on the backside of the sapphire. Additionally, by integrating a feedback electrical circuit, a self-stabilized light output power is demonstrated from the micro-LED array in such vertically integrated LED/PD architecture, which cannot only monitor the fluctuation of light intensity from the micro-LED array over time but also provide a constant output feedback to ensure a stable light output power. Such a compact and stable DUV light source composed of micro-LED array is then employed for constructing a DUV maskless photolithography system. To best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of maskless photolithography based on DUV micro-LED active matrix. The proposed vertically-stacked optical device architecture by leveraging the transparent substrate offers a new path toward the realization of future integrated photonic systems.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parijat Barman, Abhik Chakraborty, Xiaofei Wu, Denis A. Akimov, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Carsten Ronning, Michael Schmitt, Jürgen Popp, Jer-Shing Huang
The sensitivity of molecular spectroscopy based on surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) is limited by the spectrally overlapping background from nonresonant four-wave mixing (FWM). While the SECARS signal is mediated by the molecular vibrational eigenstates and exhibits long lifetime (a few picoseconds), the FWM background stems from the instantaneous electronic polarization and decays rapidly with the vanishment of excitation. Therefore, CARS and FWM can be separated by time-resolved CARS (trCARS) using ultrashort pulsed lasers. The broad spectral bandwidth also enables broadband CARS (BCARS) for simultaneous identification of multiple vibrational signatures. This work combines trCARS and BCARS with an optimized plasmonic system to demonstrate time-resolved surface-enhanced BCARS) and show its capability in obtaining background-suppressed broadband vibrational spectra from a monolayer of 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules self-assembled on a gold grating. The vibrational dephasing time of the ring-breathing mode for the 4-ATP monolayer on the gold grating (≈1.00 ± 0.17 ps) is significantly shortened compared to that for 4-ATP powder on a glass substrate (2.10 ± 0.05 ps). This work presents an effective method to suppress FWM background and investigate the vibrational dynamics of molecules in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures.
{"title":"Tracing the Background-Suppressed Vibrational Decay Time of a Molecular Monolayer with Time-Resolved Surface-Enhanced Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering","authors":"Parijat Barman, Abhik Chakraborty, Xiaofei Wu, Denis A. Akimov, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Carsten Ronning, Michael Schmitt, Jürgen Popp, Jer-Shing Huang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400805","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of molecular spectroscopy based on surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) is limited by the spectrally overlapping background from nonresonant four-wave mixing (FWM). While the SECARS signal is mediated by the molecular vibrational eigenstates and exhibits long lifetime (a few picoseconds), the FWM background stems from the instantaneous electronic polarization and decays rapidly with the vanishment of excitation. Therefore, CARS and FWM can be separated by time-resolved CARS (trCARS) using ultrashort pulsed lasers. The broad spectral bandwidth also enables broadband CARS (BCARS) for simultaneous identification of multiple vibrational signatures. This work combines trCARS and BCARS with an optimized plasmonic system to demonstrate time-resolved surface-enhanced BCARS) and show its capability in obtaining background-suppressed broadband vibrational spectra from a monolayer of 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules self-assembled on a gold grating. The vibrational dephasing time of the ring-breathing mode for the 4-ATP monolayer on the gold grating (≈1.00 ± 0.17 ps) is significantly shortened compared to that for 4-ATP powder on a glass substrate (2.10 ± 0.05 ps). This work presents an effective method to suppress FWM background and investigate the vibrational dynamics of molecules in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142317191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongliang Zhu, Shichao Lv, Dianhao Hou, Xueliang Li, Feng Zhang, Tianzhi Jiang, Zhenlei Yang, Jin Li, Shifeng Zhou, Yulan Li
Thermal neutron detection with scintillating fibers has excellent scientific and technological potential for remote and spatially resolved detection. However, most fibers are polymers, and developing all‐inorganic scintillating fibers remains a significant challenge. Herein, all‐inorganic scintillating fibers and prototype neutron detection devices are successfully constructed for neutron detection. The scintillating fibers with a perfect waveguide configuration and tunable size have been fabricated through the melt‐in‐tube method. The interactions between the thermal neutron and scintillating fiber have been theoretically analyzed. The dependence of the neutron absorption ability on the core diameter, cladding thickness, and 6Li abundance has been investigated. Guided by the above experimental and theoretical results, the configuration of the scintillating fiber and the corresponding neutron detection prototype device has been built. Its practical application for neutron detection has been demonstrated, and importantly, the single thermal neutron event can be successfully monitored. The device shows great promise for neutron detection applications in special scenarios such as tiny space and electromagnetic interference environments.
{"title":"All Inorganic Scintillating Fiber for Thermal Neutron Detection","authors":"Hongliang Zhu, Shichao Lv, Dianhao Hou, Xueliang Li, Feng Zhang, Tianzhi Jiang, Zhenlei Yang, Jin Li, Shifeng Zhou, Yulan Li","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400582","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal neutron detection with scintillating fibers has excellent scientific and technological potential for remote and spatially resolved detection. However, most fibers are polymers, and developing all‐inorganic scintillating fibers remains a significant challenge. Herein, all‐inorganic scintillating fibers and prototype neutron detection devices are successfully constructed for neutron detection. The scintillating fibers with a perfect waveguide configuration and tunable size have been fabricated through the melt‐in‐tube method. The interactions between the thermal neutron and scintillating fiber have been theoretically analyzed. The dependence of the neutron absorption ability on the core diameter, cladding thickness, and <jats:sup>6</jats:sup>Li abundance has been investigated. Guided by the above experimental and theoretical results, the configuration of the scintillating fiber and the corresponding neutron detection prototype device has been built. Its practical application for neutron detection has been demonstrated, and importantly, the single thermal neutron event can be successfully monitored. The device shows great promise for neutron detection applications in special scenarios such as tiny space and electromagnetic interference environments.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean Hooten, Peng Sun, Liron Gantz, Marco Fiorentino, Raymond Beausoleil, Thomas Van Vaerenbergh
Shape optimization approaches to inverse design offer low-dimensional, physically-guided parameterizations of structures by representing them as combinations of primitives. However, on fixed grids, computing the gradient of a user objective via the adjoint variables method requires a product of forward/adjoint field solutions and the Jacobian of the simulation material distribution with respect to the structural shape parameters. Shape parameters often perturb global parts of the simulation grid resulting in many non-zero Jacobian entries. These are often computed by finite-difference (FD) in practice, and hence can be non-trivial. In this work, the gradient calculation is accelerated by invoking automatic differentiation (AD) in instantiations of structural material distributions, enabled by the development of extensible differentiable feature-mappings from parameters to primitives and differentiable effective logic operations (denoted AutoDiffGeo or ADG). ADG can also be used to accelerate FD-based shape optimization by efficient boundary selection. AD-enhanced shape optimization is demonstrated using three integrated photonic examples: a blazed grating coupler, a waveguide transition taper, and a polarization-splitting grating coupler. The accelerations of the gradient calculation by AD relative to FD with boundary selection exceed 10<span data-altimg="/cms/asset/f3461b14-fddd-4922-9774-987a19e69a7a/lpor202301199-math-0001.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="16" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/lpor202301199-math-0001.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-speech="times" data-semantic-type="operator"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math altimg="urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202301199:lpor202301199-math-0001" display="inline" location="graphic/lpor202301199-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mo data-semantic-="" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-speech="times" data-semantic-type="operator">×</mo>$times$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>, resulting in total optimization wall time accelerations of <span data-altimg="/cms/asset/ca5bb23e-567c-4f14-93b6-c7f8ea1de1ac/lpor202301199-math-0002.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="17" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/lpor202301199-math-0002.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children="0" data-semantic-content="1" data-semantic- data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-speech="1.4 times" data-semantic-type="postfixop"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="normal" data-
{"title":"Automatic Differentiation Accelerated Shape Optimization Approaches to Photonic Inverse Design in FDFD/FDTD","authors":"Sean Hooten, Peng Sun, Liron Gantz, Marco Fiorentino, Raymond Beausoleil, Thomas Van Vaerenbergh","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202301199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202301199","url":null,"abstract":"Shape optimization approaches to inverse design offer low-dimensional, physically-guided parameterizations of structures by representing them as combinations of primitives. However, on fixed grids, computing the gradient of a user objective via the adjoint variables method requires a product of forward/adjoint field solutions and the Jacobian of the simulation material distribution with respect to the structural shape parameters. Shape parameters often perturb global parts of the simulation grid resulting in many non-zero Jacobian entries. These are often computed by finite-difference (FD) in practice, and hence can be non-trivial. In this work, the gradient calculation is accelerated by invoking automatic differentiation (AD) in instantiations of structural material distributions, enabled by the development of extensible differentiable feature-mappings from parameters to primitives and differentiable effective logic operations (denoted AutoDiffGeo or ADG). ADG can also be used to accelerate FD-based shape optimization by efficient boundary selection. AD-enhanced shape optimization is demonstrated using three integrated photonic examples: a blazed grating coupler, a waveguide transition taper, and a polarization-splitting grating coupler. The accelerations of the gradient calculation by AD relative to FD with boundary selection exceed 10<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/f3461b14-fddd-4922-9774-987a19e69a7a/lpor202301199-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"16\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202301199-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"times\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202301199:lpor202301199-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/lpor202301199-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"times\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\">×</mo>$times$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>, resulting in total optimization wall time accelerations of <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/ca5bb23e-567c-4f14-93b6-c7f8ea1de1ac/lpor202301199-math-0002.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"17\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202301199-math-0002.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"1.4 times\" data-semantic-type=\"postfixop\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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