Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.23751/PN.V20I1-S.6343
R. Khan, M. Khan, Hadayat Ullah, A. Basit, A. Razzaq, Mushtaq Ahmad, M. Zafar, Ömer Kılıç, F. A. Özdemir
In the current study six weedy grasses samples; Alopecurus myosuroides, Brachiaria ramosa, Chrysopogon aucheri, Phalaris minor, Pennisetum orientale and Stipa capensis were collected and evaluated for their potential use as fodder. These species were analyzed for their proximate and mineral composition in three phenological stages. A total of ten elements (Ca, Na, Si, S, Cu, K, Al, Mg, Cl and Fe) that are vital for proper development, health and to produce milk, were detected in varied contents from species to species and phenological stages. Minerals content were mostly detected maximum at reproductive and post-reproductive stages. All six species were also a good and valuable source of nutrients (NDFs, ADFs, ADLs, cellulose and hemicellulose). All species had low moisture and high dry matter contents. Ash contents were high in pre-reproductive stages. Stipa capensis has highest nitrogen (57.96%) contents in pre-reproductive stage in all studied grasses. All the assessed species in the light of current findings (minerals and proximate composition) shows that they are a good potential source of fodder for cattles and will be very helpful to fulfill the current crisis of fodder.
{"title":"A comparative assessment of proximate and elemental composition six weedy grasses for their potential use as fodder","authors":"R. Khan, M. Khan, Hadayat Ullah, A. Basit, A. Razzaq, Mushtaq Ahmad, M. Zafar, Ömer Kılıç, F. A. Özdemir","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1-S.6343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1-S.6343","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study six weedy grasses samples; Alopecurus myosuroides, Brachiaria ramosa, Chrysopogon aucheri, Phalaris minor, Pennisetum orientale and Stipa capensis were collected and evaluated for their potential use as fodder. These species were analyzed for their proximate and mineral composition in three phenological stages. A total of ten elements (Ca, Na, Si, S, Cu, K, Al, Mg, Cl and Fe) that are vital for proper development, health and to produce milk, were detected in varied contents from species to species and phenological stages. Minerals content were mostly detected maximum at reproductive and post-reproductive stages. All six species were also a good and valuable source of nutrients (NDFs, ADFs, ADLs, cellulose and hemicellulose). All species had low moisture and high dry matter contents. Ash contents were high in pre-reproductive stages. Stipa capensis has highest nitrogen (57.96%) contents in pre-reproductive stage in all studied grasses. All the assessed species in the light of current findings (minerals and proximate composition) shows that they are a good potential source of fodder for cattles and will be very helpful to fulfill the current crisis of fodder.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. García-Hermoso, J. Saavedra, Y. Escalante, Ana M. Domínguez, J. Castro‐Piñero
Childhood obesity is a global epidemic, and understanding the relationship between physical fitness and various forms of intervention in obese children is essential to implementing effective exercise programs. The objective of the present study was to conduct a long-term follow-up (three years) of how an exercise program with or without diet affects the physical fitness components of obese boys. The participants were 18 boys, ages between 8 and 11, divided into two groups according to the program they followed. The exercise group (E group) followed a physical exercise program (three 90-minute sessions per week), and the exercise plus diet group (E+D group) this physical exercise program plus a low calorie diet. Physical fitness was assessed by the European physical fitness test battery including flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit-and-reach, handgrip strength, standing broad jump, sit-ups, bent-arm hang, 10×5-metre shuttle run, and 20-metre endurance shuttle run. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to reveal overall intergroup differences (E and E+D group), and measurements showing significant differences were further analysed for differences between individual groups by the Mann-Whitney U-test. In both groups, changes were observed in various physical fitness parameters, especially limb speed, agility, aerobic fitness, and muscular strength in absolute and relative terms (which improved in more than one evaluation). Differences between the two programs were observed only in the short term. It was found that long-term longitudinal interventions based on exercise programs with or without diet produce improvements in obese children’s physical fitness.
{"title":"Effects of an exercise program with or without a diet on physical fitness in obese boys: a three-year follow-up","authors":"A. García-Hermoso, J. Saavedra, Y. Escalante, Ana M. Domínguez, J. Castro‐Piñero","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.5836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.5836","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood obesity is a global epidemic, and understanding the relationship between physical fitness and various forms of intervention in obese children is essential to implementing effective exercise programs. The objective of the present study was to conduct a long-term follow-up (three years) of how an exercise program with or without diet affects the physical fitness components of obese boys. The participants were 18 boys, ages between 8 and 11, divided into two groups according to the program they followed. The exercise group (E group) followed a physical exercise program (three 90-minute sessions per week), and the exercise plus diet group (E+D group) this physical exercise program plus a low calorie diet. Physical fitness was assessed by the European physical fitness test battery including flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit-and-reach, handgrip strength, standing broad jump, sit-ups, bent-arm hang, 10×5-metre shuttle run, and 20-metre endurance shuttle run. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to reveal overall intergroup differences (E and E+D group), and measurements showing significant differences were further analysed for differences between individual groups by the Mann-Whitney U-test. In both groups, changes were observed in various physical fitness parameters, especially limb speed, agility, aerobic fitness, and muscular strength in absolute and relative terms (which improved in more than one evaluation). Differences between the two programs were observed only in the short term. It was found that long-term longitudinal interventions based on exercise programs with or without diet produce improvements in obese children’s physical fitness.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43583000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five groups were created in this work. i: Control group, ii: H2O2 group, iii: H2O2 + %10 Mulberry Juice (MBJ) group, iv: H2O2 + %15 MBJ, v: H2O2 + %25 MBJ group. After sterilization, H2O2 and fruit juice were inserted different concentration to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) cultures and the cultures were developed at 30°C for 1h, 3h, 5h and 24 hours (overnight). S. cerevisiae cell growth was computed by spectrophotometer, total protein alteration was analysed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and reckoned with bradford method. our studies results indicated that; cell developing increased in MBJ groups in proportion to the positive control (H2O2) group at different growing times (1, 3, 5 and 24 hours) (p<0,05). As a result MBJ has a preservative role for reduce the oxidative damage and expanded cell developing and encourage protein synthesis in S. cerevisiae.
{"title":"Cell culture developing and the imaging of total protein product changing with SDS-PAGE in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"A. Aslan","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.6581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.6581","url":null,"abstract":"Five groups were created in this work. i: Control group, ii: H2O2 group, iii: H2O2 + %10 Mulberry Juice (MBJ) group, iv: H2O2 + %15 MBJ, v: H2O2 + %25 MBJ group. After sterilization, H2O2 and fruit juice were inserted different concentration to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) cultures and the cultures were developed at 30°C for 1h, 3h, 5h and 24 hours (overnight). S. cerevisiae cell growth was computed by spectrophotometer, total protein alteration was analysed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and reckoned with bradford method. our studies results indicated that; cell developing increased in MBJ groups in proportion to the positive control (H2O2) group at different growing times (1, 3, 5 and 24 hours) (p<0,05). As a result MBJ has a preservative role for reduce the oxidative damage and expanded cell developing and encourage protein synthesis in S. cerevisiae.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The current study was outlined to examine the protective effects of camel milk (CM) against the deleterious effects induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Methods: MSG was administered either alone or in combination with camel milk or vitamin E for 4 weeks. Serum and testicular tissues were examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results: CM normalized the decrease in serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), sperm profiles and testicular antioxidant activities that were decreased by MSG. At the molecular levels, MSG down-regulated the mRNA expression of steroidogenesis related genes and receptors of androgen, LH and follicle stimulating hormone. MSG induced testicular apoptosis. All altered genes were normalized and upregulated in presence of CM when compared to the effect of Vit. E. Conclusions: The usage of camel milk as a therapy against MSG used in food industry is very indicative and protective.
{"title":"Protective effects of camel milk and vitamin E against monosodium glutamate induced biochemical and testicular dysfunctions","authors":"Hanan El-sawy, M. Soliman, S. El-Shazly, H. Ali","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.5870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.5870","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The current study was outlined to examine the protective effects of camel milk (CM) against the deleterious effects induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Methods: MSG was administered either alone or in combination with camel milk or vitamin E for 4 weeks. Serum and testicular tissues were examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results: CM normalized the decrease in serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), sperm profiles and testicular antioxidant activities that were decreased by MSG. At the molecular levels, MSG down-regulated the mRNA expression of steroidogenesis related genes and receptors of androgen, LH and follicle stimulating hormone. MSG induced testicular apoptosis. All altered genes were normalized and upregulated in presence of CM when compared to the effect of Vit. E. Conclusions: The usage of camel milk as a therapy against MSG used in food industry is very indicative and protective.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43485702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meysam Alipour, R. Malihi, S. Hosseini, A. Abbasnezhad, A. Ghavami, Hedayat Allah Shahmohammadi, M. Ghanavati
Insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus causes complications such as cardiovascular and renal diseases. Studies have shown that catechins can be effective in controlling hyperglycemia and preventing the complications of diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus such as oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and obesity. The aim of the present study is a review of the studies conducted in the field of the effect of catechins on the improvement of the risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This review study was conducted by searching in the databases of Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and using the keywords, such as catechins, green tea, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. In this study, articles published between the years 2000-2016, were used. The results of the review of the studies showed that the catechins and food containing them can improve hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and obesity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
{"title":"The effects of catechins on related risk factors with Type 2 diabetes: a review","authors":"Meysam Alipour, R. Malihi, S. Hosseini, A. Abbasnezhad, A. Ghavami, Hedayat Allah Shahmohammadi, M. Ghanavati","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.6228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.6228","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus causes complications such as cardiovascular and renal diseases. Studies have shown that catechins can be effective in controlling hyperglycemia and preventing the complications of diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus such as oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and obesity. The aim of the present study is a review of the studies conducted in the field of the effect of catechins on the improvement of the risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This review study was conducted by searching in the databases of Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and using the keywords, such as catechins, green tea, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. In this study, articles published between the years 2000-2016, were used. The results of the review of the studies showed that the catechins and food containing them can improve hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and obesity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45837962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esra Köseler, G. Kiziltan, P. Türker, Mendane Saka, M. Ok, D. Bacanli, T. Aydos, N. Bayraktar, H. Ozdemir
Objective: Dietary fructose from added sugar as high fructose corn syrup may causes major risks in obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hyperuricemia and fatty liver. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of high fructose and high glucose intake on body weight and some biochemical parameters in rats. Subject and methods: The study was conducted on adult, 32 Wistar albino male rats (300-350 g weeks) which fed with standard laboratory chow. In each group, 8 rats was selected randomly and which was be composed four groups. The rats in each group, in addition to standard meal, different amount of glucose and fructose containing solutions (10% and 30% glucose-fed group, 10% and 30% fructose-fed group) was given by oral gavage for 6 weeks. At baseline and after 6 weeks total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, AST and ALT as biochemical parameters and liver histopathological examination of rats were determined. Body weight of the rats was evaluated every week. Results:The 30% fructose group caused higher AST levels according to 10% glucose group, 30% glucose group and 10% fructose group. At the end of 6 weeks, the mean body weight in the fructose-fed groups was higher than the glucose-fed groups (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference between rat groups’ portal inflammation rates were found and the moderate and severe ballooning were observed in 30% fructose rats (p<0.05). Conclusions: As a result, dietary fructose from added sugar as high fructose corn syrup may causes major metabolic disorders.
{"title":"The effects of glucose and fructose on body weight and some biochemical parameters in rats","authors":"Esra Köseler, G. Kiziltan, P. Türker, Mendane Saka, M. Ok, D. Bacanli, T. Aydos, N. Bayraktar, H. Ozdemir","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.5956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.5956","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dietary fructose from added sugar as high fructose corn syrup may causes major risks in obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hyperuricemia and fatty liver. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of high fructose and high glucose intake on body weight and some biochemical parameters in rats. Subject and methods: The study was conducted on adult, 32 Wistar albino male rats (300-350 g weeks) which fed with standard laboratory chow. In each group, 8 rats was selected randomly and which was be composed four groups. The rats in each group, in addition to standard meal, different amount of glucose and fructose containing solutions (10% and 30% glucose-fed group, 10% and 30% fructose-fed group) was given by oral gavage for 6 weeks. At baseline and after 6 weeks total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, AST and ALT as biochemical parameters and liver histopathological examination of rats were determined. Body weight of the rats was evaluated every week. Results:The 30% fructose group caused higher AST levels according to 10% glucose group, 30% glucose group and 10% fructose group. At the end of 6 weeks, the mean body weight in the fructose-fed groups was higher than the glucose-fed groups (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference between rat groups’ portal inflammation rates were found and the moderate and severe ballooning were observed in 30% fructose rats (p<0.05). Conclusions: As a result, dietary fructose from added sugar as high fructose corn syrup may causes major metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Balanced nutrition and healthy lifestyle habits are very important, especially in young population. By this way it is possible to prevent many non-communicable diseases. As a health care professionals, pharmacists have very important role in this mission. The aim of this study was to evaluate basic nutritional knowledge and lifestyle habits of pharmacy undergraduate students in the context of their future health profession. Methods: The study group consisted of 591 European undergraduate pharmacy students. The data related to anthropometry, eating and lifestyle habits were obtained based on self-administered cross-sectional survey. Analysis of gender differences was performed using the chi-square test. Statistically significance was set at p value < 0.05. Results: Anthropometric characteristics of students showed that 10.5 % female students were underweight, while 62.6% of the males were overweight and 0.7% were obese. Regular breakfast had 80.9% of the students. Breakfast skipping was statistically higher in male participants (p<0.05). Only 35% of students reported daily intake of vegetables. Also, low fruit consumption was observed in all students with statistically lower fruit intake in males (p<0.05). Consumption of alcohol, fried food and tobacco was not common among students. Basic principle of balanced nutrition was recognized by 58.4% of study population. Conclusion: Results of our study indicate that European pharmacy students have some unsatisfactory eating habits and nutritional knowledge which is already related to their inadequate nutritional status. Our finding suggests that increased level of nutritional education should be incorporated into European pharmacy curriculum.
{"title":"Nutritional and lifestyle habits of European pharmacy undergraduate students","authors":"U. Čakar, S. Sobajic, B. Vidović, B. Djordjevic","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.5435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.5435","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Balanced nutrition and healthy lifestyle habits are very important, especially in young population. By this way it is possible to prevent many non-communicable diseases. As a health care professionals, pharmacists have very important role in this mission. The aim of this study was to evaluate basic nutritional knowledge and lifestyle habits of pharmacy undergraduate students in the context of their future health profession. Methods: The study group consisted of 591 European undergraduate pharmacy students. The data related to anthropometry, eating and lifestyle habits were obtained based on self-administered cross-sectional survey. Analysis of gender differences was performed using the chi-square test. Statistically significance was set at p value < 0.05. Results: Anthropometric characteristics of students showed that 10.5 % female students were underweight, while 62.6% of the males were overweight and 0.7% were obese. Regular breakfast had 80.9% of the students. Breakfast skipping was statistically higher in male participants (p<0.05). Only 35% of students reported daily intake of vegetables. Also, low fruit consumption was observed in all students with statistically lower fruit intake in males (p<0.05). Consumption of alcohol, fried food and tobacco was not common among students. Basic principle of balanced nutrition was recognized by 58.4% of study population. Conclusion: Results of our study indicate that European pharmacy students have some unsatisfactory eating habits and nutritional knowledge which is already related to their inadequate nutritional status. Our finding suggests that increased level of nutritional education should be incorporated into European pharmacy curriculum.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reham A. Mustafa, Nehal A. A. Alfky, Haifa H. Hijazi, Eslam A. Header, F. Azzeh
There is a direct association between the lack of estrogen and the progress of osteoporosis. This study was done to evaluate the biological effect of diet supplementation with calcium (Ca), and vitamin D (VD) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to examine the possible potential mechanisms. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=7). To induce estrogen deficiency in rats, bilateral ovariectomy and sham (SHAM; negative control) surgery were done. In the basal diet, Ca and VD was supplemented with 210 mg/kg and 600 IU/kg, respectively, for 6 weeks. Alendronate as a standard anti-osteoporotic drug was used in a single weekly dose (3 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. After six weeks, serum markers of osteoporosis and bone femur status were evaluated. The results exposed that Ca and VD supplementation increased the body weight gain and diminished the uterine weight as a result of ovariectomy operation. These supplements significantly raised the serum Ca, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, free thyroxin, and osteocalcin in OVX-rats, while the serum interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, parathormone, and pyridinoline levels were significantly dropped. There were also significantly improved in femur bone mineral density and bone ash contents, mainly Ca and phosphorous. In conclusion, feeding of Ca and VD dietary supplements have an anti-osteoporotic activity in OVX rats due to improvement of bone formation and abolition of bone loss. The study recommends that intake of Ca and VD together may be beneficial for the inhibition of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency.
{"title":"Biological effect of calcium and vitamin D dietary supplements against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats","authors":"Reham A. Mustafa, Nehal A. A. Alfky, Haifa H. Hijazi, Eslam A. Header, F. Azzeh","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.5223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.5223","url":null,"abstract":"There is a direct association between the lack of estrogen and the progress of osteoporosis. This study was done to evaluate the biological effect of diet supplementation with calcium (Ca), and vitamin D (VD) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to examine the possible potential mechanisms. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=7). To induce estrogen deficiency in rats, bilateral ovariectomy and sham (SHAM; negative control) surgery were done. In the basal diet, Ca and VD was supplemented with 210 mg/kg and 600 IU/kg, respectively, for 6 weeks. Alendronate as a standard anti-osteoporotic drug was used in a single weekly dose (3 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. After six weeks, serum markers of osteoporosis and bone femur status were evaluated. The results exposed that Ca and VD supplementation increased the body weight gain and diminished the uterine weight as a result of ovariectomy operation. These supplements significantly raised the serum Ca, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, free thyroxin, and osteocalcin in OVX-rats, while the serum interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, parathormone, and pyridinoline levels were significantly dropped. There were also significantly improved in femur bone mineral density and bone ash contents, mainly Ca and phosphorous. In conclusion, feeding of Ca and VD dietary supplements have an anti-osteoporotic activity in OVX rats due to improvement of bone formation and abolition of bone loss. The study recommends that intake of Ca and VD together may be beneficial for the inhibition of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45139262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common anemia in all age groups. The coexistence of iron deficiency anemia and zinc (Zn) deficiency is quite common, for most of the etiologic factors are common. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in children with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia. Method: One hundred and sixty child patients within 6month-5 year age range diagnosed with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia and 91 children with no iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia diagnosis were included in the study. The relationships between serum zinc levels and other biochemical and hematological parameters were examined. Results: It was observed that the study and control groups had similar demographic characteristics, and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of average age (months), distribution of age groups, and gender groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between hemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distributionwidth (RDW), iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and Ferritin values of the study group and control group, and the cases in the study group were determined to be highly anemic. Statistically significant difference was determined between groups in terms of zinc levels, and zinc levels in the study group were determined to be lower than those in the control group. Zinc deficiency (10%) in children diagnosed with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia was found more common compared to the control group (2.2%). A positive correlation between serum zinc levels and Hb, Hct, MCV, Fe, TS and Ferritin, and a negative correlation between serum zinc levels and RDW and total TIBC were detected in the study group. Conclusion: According to these results, it was concluded that children with iron deficiency could simultaneously have zinc deficiency, the iron-zinc combination might be more effective for the treatment of iron deficiency than treatment with only iron, and early age supplementation programs might be useful for the highrisk groups such as childhood until zinc deficiency tests gave routine results.
{"title":"Serum zinc level in Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia of children aged 6 months to 5 years","authors":"Ece Karasu, M. Erol, Özgül Yiğit, Ö. B. Gayret","doi":"10.23751/PN.V20I1.5201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/PN.V20I1.5201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common anemia in all age groups. The coexistence of iron deficiency anemia and zinc (Zn) deficiency is quite common, for most of the etiologic factors are common. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in children with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia. Method: One hundred and sixty child patients within 6month-5 year age range diagnosed with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia and 91 children with no iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia diagnosis were included in the study. The relationships between serum zinc levels and other biochemical and hematological parameters were examined. Results: It was observed that the study and control groups had similar demographic characteristics, and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of average age (months), distribution of age groups, and gender groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between hemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distributionwidth (RDW), iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and Ferritin values of the study group and control group, and the cases in the study group were determined to be highly anemic. Statistically significant difference was determined between groups in terms of zinc levels, and zinc levels in the study group were determined to be lower than those in the control group. Zinc deficiency (10%) in children diagnosed with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia was found more common compared to the control group (2.2%). A positive correlation between serum zinc levels and Hb, Hct, MCV, Fe, TS and Ferritin, and a negative correlation between serum zinc levels and RDW and total TIBC were detected in the study group. Conclusion: According to these results, it was concluded that children with iron deficiency could simultaneously have zinc deficiency, the iron-zinc combination might be more effective for the treatment of iron deficiency than treatment with only iron, and early age supplementation programs might be useful for the highrisk groups such as childhood until zinc deficiency tests gave routine results.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45441321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rouhani, Mojgan Mortazavi Najafabadi, L. Azadbakht
Background and Aim: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been recommended to consume a low protein diet. However, there is no specific index for evaluating amounts of dietary protein and CKD progression in these patients. The objective of this study was to define a low protein diet score (LPDS) as a predictor of CKD progression and an index of diet quality in patients with CKD. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, two hundred twenty seven eligible subjects with CKD (stage 3 and 4) were selected. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of patients. LPDS was defined based on the 3 cut of points: >2 gr/kg (score=1), 1.01-2 gr/kg (score=2) and ≤ 1 gr/kg (score=3). Renal function (i.e., blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) and cardiometabolic variables (i.e., low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and high sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured by biochemical assessment. As dietary intakes of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol are important, we used intake of these nutrients to assess diet quality. Results: Patients who received higher scores, had better diet quality because they consumed lower amounts of phosphorus, potassium, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol (P<0.01 for all). Biochemical assessments showed that in comparison with the bottom LPDS, a marginally significant lower blood urea nitrogen was observed among subjects with higher scores (P=0.06). We did not observe any significant difference in other biochemical variables across the defined LPDS. After adjusting for all confounders, a significant decreasing trend for risk of CKD progression was revealed across LPDS (P for trend=0.04). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that higher LPDS was associated with favorable nutrients intake (lower intakes of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, cholesterol and saturated fatty acid) among patients with CKD. Moreover, subjects who received higher LPDS had a marginally significant lower BUN. Also, we observed that LPDS was inversely related to the risk of being in the higher stage of CKD after adjusting for potential confounders. Therefore, it was a predictor of CKD progression.
{"title":"Low protein diet score: a novel diet quality index and predictor of disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"M. Rouhani, Mojgan Mortazavi Najafabadi, L. Azadbakht","doi":"10.23751/pn.v20i1.5225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v20i1.5225","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been recommended to consume a low protein diet. However, there is no specific index for evaluating amounts of dietary protein and CKD progression in these patients. The objective of this study was to define a low protein diet score (LPDS) as a predictor of CKD progression and an index of diet quality in patients with CKD. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, two hundred twenty seven eligible subjects with CKD (stage 3 and 4) were selected. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of patients. LPDS was defined based on the 3 cut of points: >2 gr/kg (score=1), 1.01-2 gr/kg (score=2) and ≤ 1 gr/kg (score=3). Renal function (i.e., blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) and cardiometabolic variables (i.e., low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and high sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured by biochemical assessment. As dietary intakes of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol are important, we used intake of these nutrients to assess diet quality. Results: Patients who received higher scores, had better diet quality because they consumed lower amounts of phosphorus, potassium, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol (P<0.01 for all). Biochemical assessments showed that in comparison with the bottom LPDS, a marginally significant lower blood urea nitrogen was observed among subjects with higher scores (P=0.06). We did not observe any significant difference in other biochemical variables across the defined LPDS. After adjusting for all confounders, a significant decreasing trend for risk of CKD progression was revealed across LPDS (P for trend=0.04). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that higher LPDS was associated with favorable nutrients intake (lower intakes of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, cholesterol and saturated fatty acid) among patients with CKD. Moreover, subjects who received higher LPDS had a marginally significant lower BUN. Also, we observed that LPDS was inversely related to the risk of being in the higher stage of CKD after adjusting for potential confounders. Therefore, it was a predictor of CKD progression.","PeriodicalId":20600,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48727726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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