Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106860
Lan Huang , Shengli An , Fang Zhang , Jun Peng , Guoping Luo , Yuxin Chen , Yifan Chai
The treatment of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag with low energy consumption and high efficiency still presents challenges. In order to achieve the comprehensive utilization of BOF slag, a novel process is developed for co-processing of basic oxygen furnace slag and blast furnace slag. The influence of process parameters on the phase transformation, the reduction mechanism of P and the self-pulverization separation of slag were investigated by combining chemical analysis, XRD, thermodynamic calculations, EPMA and kinetics. The results showed that at BFS/BOF slag mass ratio 3:7, reduction temperature 1600 °C and reduction time 60 min, the iron-containing phase and Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2 in the slag transform into iron alloys and Ca2SiO4 phases. P is reduced and enters the reduced iron, eliminating the negative effect of P on the C2S crystalline transformation. Finally, during the cooling process, Ca2SiO4 transforms from β to γ, resulting in volume expansion, and the self-pulverization rate of the slag reached a maximum value of 79.44 %. After sieving, the reduced iron with a grade of 77 % is obtained, which can be recycled as pig iron. This process not only improves the overall efficiency of slag modification, but also contributes to more effective utilization of slag resources.
{"title":"High temperature co-processing of basic oxygen furnace slag and blast furnace slag: Self-pulverization and reduction mechanism","authors":"Lan Huang , Shengli An , Fang Zhang , Jun Peng , Guoping Luo , Yuxin Chen , Yifan Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag with low energy consumption and high efficiency still presents challenges. In order to achieve the comprehensive utilization of BOF slag, a novel process is developed for co-processing of basic oxygen furnace slag and blast furnace slag. The influence of process parameters on the phase transformation, the reduction mechanism of P and the self-pulverization separation of slag were investigated by combining chemical analysis, XRD, thermodynamic calculations, EPMA and kinetics. The results showed that at BFS/BOF slag mass ratio 3:7, reduction temperature 1600 °C and reduction time 60 min, the iron-containing phase and Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>-Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in the slag transform into iron alloys and Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> phases. P is reduced and enters the reduced iron, eliminating the negative effect of P on the C<sub>2</sub>S crystalline transformation. Finally, during the cooling process, Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> transforms from β to γ, resulting in volume expansion, and the self-pulverization rate of the slag reached a maximum value of 79.44 %. After sieving, the reduced iron with a grade of 77 % is obtained, which can be recycled as pig iron. This process not only improves the overall efficiency of slag modification, but also contributes to more effective utilization of slag resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106860"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106847
Fangke Yu , Jie Gou , Junli Gu , Huiqi Hao , Yiran Xiao , Gang He
In this study, a novel Fe(III)-EF system was constructed with oxidized carbon black (OCB) modified carbon felt as the cathode and Fe(III) as the catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and electrochemical analyses were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that the micro/mesoporous structure of the modified cathode could increase the local pH to form an oxygen-rich and locally alkaline-like microenvironment, accelerating the generation of intermediates (*O2, *OOH) and thus realizing efficient H2O2 production. On the other hand, the oxygen-containing functional groups on the electrode surface increased the oxidation potential of Fe(III), making it easier for Fe(III) to gain electrons. With the complexation of -COOH with Fe(III), the electron density of Fe(III) migrated to the -COOH group, which decreased the charge transfer energy from H2O2 to Fe(III) and promoted the electron transfer from H2O2 to FeOH2+, enhancing the regeneration of Fe(II). Under the optimum conditions, 93.35 % Fe(II) conversion and 95 % Sulfamethazine removal were achieved within 1 hour. Finally, the application of Fe(III)-EF was investigated and the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste leachate by Fe(III)-EF system was 93.2 %. This indicates that the system is promising for the treatment of organic wastewater.
{"title":"Oxide-modified bifunctional carbonaceous cathode: Oxygen-rich alkaline-like microenvironment strengthened hydrogen peroxide as an electron donor to enhance Fe3+ reduction in Fe(III) electro-Fenton","authors":"Fangke Yu , Jie Gou , Junli Gu , Huiqi Hao , Yiran Xiao , Gang He","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel Fe(III)-EF system was constructed with oxidized carbon black (OCB) modified carbon felt as the cathode and Fe(III) as the catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherms and electrochemical analyses were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that the micro/mesoporous structure of the modified cathode could increase the local pH to form an oxygen-rich and locally alkaline-like microenvironment, accelerating the generation of intermediates (*O<sub>2</sub>, *OOH) and thus realizing efficient H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production. On the other hand, the oxygen-containing functional groups on the electrode surface increased the oxidation potential of Fe(III), making it easier for Fe(III) to gain electrons. With the complexation of -COOH with Fe(III), the electron density of Fe(III) migrated to the -COOH group, which decreased the charge transfer energy from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to Fe(III) and promoted the electron transfer from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to FeOH<sup>2+</sup>, enhancing the regeneration of Fe(II). Under the optimum conditions, 93.35 % Fe(II) conversion and 95 % Sulfamethazine removal were achieved within 1 hour. Finally, the application of Fe(III)-EF was investigated and the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste leachate by Fe(III)-EF system was 93.2 %. This indicates that the system is promising for the treatment of organic wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106859
Gaoyang Qu , Jun Deng , Shuaijing Ren , Yang Xiao , Caiping Wang , Jinrui Wang , Xiadan Duan , Lexiangqian Zhang
The effects of low-oxygen conditions on the oxidation and spontaneous combustion characteristics of raw coal and water-immersed air-dried bituminous coal was studied. Via analysis, including Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), ThermoGravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the chemical groups and elemental composition of the coal samples were studied, as well as the impact of oxygen concentration on changes in weight and heat release of the coal samples. The water immersed coal sample ignites at a lower temperature compared to the raw sample. The water immersed coal sample undergoes spontaneous combustion at a relatively fast rate, requiring a lower temperature for complete reaction, but it releases less heat after combustion compared to the raw coal sample. In an oxygen-deficient environment, the overall exothermic oxidation process of coal exhibits a lag, with the lag effect becoming more pronounced as the oxygen deficiency intensifies, especially noticeable in high-temperature stages. The impact of water immersion and air drying on the spontaneous combustion of coal is lower compared to the influence of oxygen concentration on coal.
{"title":"Effect of oxygen deficient conditions on oxidative spontaneous combustion characteristics of raw coal and water-immersed air-dried bituminous coal","authors":"Gaoyang Qu , Jun Deng , Shuaijing Ren , Yang Xiao , Caiping Wang , Jinrui Wang , Xiadan Duan , Lexiangqian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of low-oxygen conditions on the oxidation and spontaneous combustion characteristics of raw coal and water-immersed air-dried bituminous coal was studied. Via analysis, including Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), ThermoGravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the chemical groups and elemental composition of the coal samples were studied, as well as the impact of oxygen concentration on changes in weight and heat release of the coal samples. The water immersed coal sample ignites at a lower temperature compared to the raw sample. The water immersed coal sample undergoes spontaneous combustion at a relatively fast rate, requiring a lower temperature for complete reaction, but it releases less heat after combustion compared to the raw coal sample. In an oxygen-deficient environment, the overall exothermic oxidation process of coal exhibits a lag, with the lag effect becoming more pronounced as the oxygen deficiency intensifies, especially noticeable in high-temperature stages. The impact of water immersion and air drying on the spontaneous combustion of coal is lower compared to the influence of oxygen concentration on coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106859"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106872
Qifen Wu , Minggao Yu , Kai Zheng , Xinhong Li , Nan Zhang , Yangming Yang
Ignition location determines the propagation mode and the extent of damage of non-uniform gas explosions. The explosion characteristics of non-uniform methane-air mixtures under the influence of three ignition positions (bottom, middle and top) in a vertical closed pipe were investigated. Unstable density stratification was achieved by varying diffusion times, distinguishing it from the homogeneous mixture case. The results demonstrated that if the diffusion time was 1 min, the bottom ignition was more significantly affected by the R-T instability compared to the middle and top ignition, as evidenced by the flame structure. In addition, middle ignition caused a smaller reduction in flame propagation velocity compared to bottom ignition at a diffusion time of 1 min. Furthermore, at a diffusion time of 10 min, top ignition led to the smallest reduction in flame propagation velocity. Overall, ignition location had a greater impact on peak flame velocity than methane non-uniformity.
{"title":"Influence of ignition positions on the flame behavior of non-uniform methane-air mixture explosions in vertically closed pipes","authors":"Qifen Wu , Minggao Yu , Kai Zheng , Xinhong Li , Nan Zhang , Yangming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ignition location determines the propagation mode and the extent of damage of non-uniform gas explosions. The explosion characteristics of non-uniform methane-air mixtures under the influence of three ignition positions (bottom, middle and top) in a vertical closed pipe were investigated. Unstable density stratification was achieved by varying diffusion times, distinguishing it from the homogeneous mixture case. The results demonstrated that if the diffusion time was 1 min, the bottom ignition was more significantly affected by the R-T instability compared to the middle and top ignition, as evidenced by the flame structure. In addition, middle ignition caused a smaller reduction in flame propagation velocity compared to bottom ignition at a diffusion time of 1 min. Furthermore, at a diffusion time of 10 min, top ignition led to the smallest reduction in flame propagation velocity. Overall, ignition location had a greater impact on peak flame velocity than methane non-uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106872"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106878
Ruijia Yang , Jichang Wen , Jianbo Jiang , Shikai Yang , Haixia Yang
The decomposition of plant litter in the soil affects the formation of particulate organic matter (POM) and nutrient contents, and has an important influence on the regulation of heavy metal migration and transformation. However, research on the migration and transformation of heavy metals in the ecological restoration of polymetallic slag yards as affected by POM is limited. In this paper, four types of plant litter were left to degrade in mercury (Hg)-thallium (Tl) mine waste to study the effect of the formed POM on the enrichment of the heavy metals Hg and Tl. The results showed that the total amount of POM produced by the degradation of the four litters increased in the order Perennial ryegrass > Robinia pseudoacacia > Trifolium repens > Broussonetia papyrifera. Fine POM (0.05–0.25 mm) had the highest mass percentage for all litters. As the particle size of POM decreased, the content of Hg and Tl increased, mainly because fine POM has a larger specific surface area, pore volume, and surface charge density, which provides greater adsorption capacity and sites for Hg and Tl adsorption. Moreover, fine POM has more active functional groups such as -OH and CO with high affinity for heavy metals, which increase its adsorption and binding capacity for Hg and Tl. The results provide a scientific basis for understanding the migration behavior and environmental fate of Hg and Tl in the context of ecological restoration of waste dumps.
{"title":"Enrichment characteristics and mechanisms of particulate organic matter in mine wastes containing mercury and thallium","authors":"Ruijia Yang , Jichang Wen , Jianbo Jiang , Shikai Yang , Haixia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decomposition of plant litter in the soil affects the formation of particulate organic matter (POM) and nutrient contents, and has an important influence on the regulation of heavy metal migration and transformation. However, research on the migration and transformation of heavy metals in the ecological restoration of polymetallic slag yards as affected by POM is limited. In this paper, four types of plant litter were left to degrade in mercury (Hg)-thallium (Tl) mine waste to study the effect of the formed POM on the enrichment of the heavy metals Hg and Tl. The results showed that the total amount of POM produced by the degradation of the four litters increased in the order <em>Perennial ryegrass</em> > <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em> > <em>Trifolium repens</em> > <em>Broussonetia papyrifera</em>. Fine POM (0.05–0.25 mm) had the highest mass percentage for all litters. As the particle size of POM decreased, the content of Hg and Tl increased, mainly because fine POM has a larger specific surface area, pore volume, and surface charge density, which provides greater adsorption capacity and sites for Hg and Tl adsorption. Moreover, fine POM has more active functional groups such as -OH and C<img>O with high affinity for heavy metals, which increase its adsorption and binding capacity for Hg and Tl. The results provide a scientific basis for understanding the migration behavior and environmental fate of Hg and Tl in the context of ecological restoration of waste dumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106878"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106877
Mingxin Wang, Simin Song, Wei Liu, Zhenzhen Yu
Petroleum-contaminated soil (PCS) requires an integrated strategy for remediation and value-added resource utilization. Pyrolysis can rapidly remediate PCS and recover liquid oil, but economically viable reuse strategies are needed for the vast volume of post-remediation soil with hazardous environmental permanent free radicals (EPFRs). This study reused the carbonized soil (CS) from PCS obtained by pyrolysis to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation. The CS pyrolysis at 500 °C for 15 min shows optimal activation performance for PS oxidation. The residual carbon in the soil is mainly graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon. Aniline (AN, 100 mg/L) can be completely removed when the doses of CS and PMS were 2 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. The quenching experiments, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Linear Sweep Voltammetry analysis show that the main degradation mechanism of AN by CS-activated PS systems is direct electron transfer and singlet oxygen () oxidation. The CS-activated PMS system shows much higher oxidation performance than the CS-activated PDS system by generation of more with oxygen-containing groups as the main active sites. Graphitized carbon and EPFRs mainly promote PMS oxidation by accelerating direct electron transfer. Therefore, reuse of the pyrolytic post-remediation soil as PMS activator not only achieves value-added resource utilization of PCS, but also avoids the environmental risks of EPFRs.
{"title":"Beneficial reuse of pyrolytic post-remediation soil to activate persulfate oxidation and avoid exposure of environmentally persistent free radicals","authors":"Mingxin Wang, Simin Song, Wei Liu, Zhenzhen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Petroleum-contaminated soil (PCS) requires an integrated strategy for remediation and value-added resource utilization. Pyrolysis can rapidly remediate PCS and recover liquid oil, but economically viable reuse strategies are needed for the vast volume of post-remediation soil with hazardous environmental permanent free radicals (EPFRs). This study reused the carbonized soil (CS) from PCS obtained by pyrolysis to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation. The CS pyrolysis at 500 °C for 15 min shows optimal activation performance for PS oxidation. The residual carbon in the soil is mainly graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon. Aniline (AN, 100 mg/L) can be completely removed when the doses of CS and PMS were 2 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. The quenching experiments, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Linear Sweep Voltammetry analysis show that the main degradation mechanism of AN by CS-activated PS systems is direct electron transfer and singlet oxygen (<span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><none></none><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math></span>) oxidation. The CS-activated PMS system shows much higher oxidation performance than the CS-activated PDS system by generation of more <span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><none></none><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math></span> with oxygen-containing groups as the main active sites. Graphitized carbon and EPFRs mainly promote PMS oxidation by accelerating direct electron transfer. Therefore, reuse of the pyrolytic post-remediation soil as PMS activator not only achieves value-added resource utilization of PCS, but also avoids the environmental risks of EPFRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106877"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbofuran (CRF) is an important pesticide that is widely used in agriculture to achieve economic benefits. However, its high toxicity raises serious concerns about food and agricultural safety. To address this issue, our study proposes an electrochemical sensor for the detection of the oxidized form of carbofuran by applying yttrium iron oxide (YFO) embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The YFO-rGO composite was synthesized via hydrothermal and sonochemical methods and characterized for its structural integrity and electrochemical performances. The precise detection of CRF was facilitated through the application of voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (i-t) techniques. Notably, the resulting YFO-rGO/RDE sensor exhibited exceptional selectivity and sensitivity toward CRF under optimized conditions, with a lower detection limit of 0.018 µM with a broad linear range of about 0.0299–303.5 µM respectively. It also demonstrates consistent repeatability and reproducibility. Practical validation of the sensor was conducted through the analysis of actual food samples, confirming its efficacy in real-world agricultural settings.
{"title":"Yttrium iron oxide embedded reduced graphene oxide: A trace level detection platform for carbamate pesticide in agricultural products","authors":"Chandini Ragumoorthy , Nandini Nataraj , Shen-Ming Chen , G. Kiruthiga","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbofuran (CRF) is an important pesticide that is widely used in agriculture to achieve economic benefits. However, its high toxicity raises serious concerns about food and agricultural safety. To address this issue, our study proposes an electrochemical sensor for the detection of the oxidized form of carbofuran by applying yttrium iron oxide (YFO) embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The YFO-rGO composite was synthesized via hydrothermal and sonochemical methods and characterized for its structural integrity and electrochemical performances. The precise detection of CRF was facilitated through the application of voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (i-t) techniques. Notably, the resulting YFO-rGO/RDE sensor exhibited exceptional selectivity and sensitivity toward CRF under optimized conditions, with a lower detection limit of 0.018 µM with a broad linear range of about 0.0299–303.5 µM respectively. It also demonstrates consistent repeatability and reproducibility. Practical validation of the sensor was conducted through the analysis of actual food samples, confirming its efficacy in real-world agricultural settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106875"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106873
S.M. Alamgir Kabir, Muhammed A. Bhuiyan, Guomin Zhang, Biplob Kumar Pramanik
Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly accumulating in stormwater runoff systems, particularly wetlands. In this study, the impact of various factors on the motion and distribution of MPs within a wetland water environment was explored through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, utilizing a Volume of fluid (VOF) model coupled with the Discrete particle model (DPM). To understand those aspects, different MPs (e.g., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), and Polypropylene (PP)) were released from the inlet to examine how factors, such as their type, size, and shape, in two different water flow velocities under a constant air current, influenced their behavior. The spatial distribution of MPs due to the impacts of different variables was examined through the tracking of particle positions. It was found that buoyancy and particle size significantly affected the distribution of MPs, which emerged as a key discovery. The vertical and horizontal distributions of MP particles indicate that under 0.3 m/s water velocity conditions, the majority of large spherical PET and PVC MPs tend to sink toward the bottom. In contrast, numerous smaller non-spherical particles tend to float near the surface. Among the four types of MPs examined, PP and PS large spherical particles showed the highest mobility, particularly with increasing water velocity. Smaller particles travel longer distances because they have less mass and are more sensitive to air currents. In contrast, larger particles settle more quickly due to gravity, resulting in shorter travel distances. In summary, using the CFD approach improves the ability to predict the dispersion of MPs in aquatic environments.
{"title":"Use of computational fluid dynamics to model microplastic transport in the stormwater runoff system","authors":"S.M. Alamgir Kabir, Muhammed A. Bhuiyan, Guomin Zhang, Biplob Kumar Pramanik","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly accumulating in stormwater runoff systems, particularly wetlands. In this study, the impact of various factors on the motion and distribution of MPs within a wetland water environment was explored through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, utilizing a Volume of fluid (VOF) model coupled with the Discrete particle model (DPM). To understand those aspects, different MPs (e.g., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), and Polypropylene (PP)) were released from the inlet to examine how factors, such as their type, size, and shape, in two different water flow velocities under a constant air current, influenced their behavior. The spatial distribution of MPs due to the impacts of different variables was examined through the tracking of particle positions. It was found that buoyancy and particle size significantly affected the distribution of MPs, which emerged as a key discovery. The vertical and horizontal distributions of MP particles indicate that under 0.3 m/s water velocity conditions, the majority of large spherical PET and PVC MPs tend to sink toward the bottom. In contrast, numerous smaller non-spherical particles tend to float near the surface. Among the four types of MPs examined, PP and PS large spherical particles showed the highest mobility, particularly with increasing water velocity. Smaller particles travel longer distances because they have less mass and are more sensitive to air currents. In contrast, larger particles settle more quickly due to gravity, resulting in shorter travel distances. In summary, using the CFD approach improves the ability to predict the dispersion of MPs in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106873"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue, malaria, and filariasis, caused by Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively, pose significant global health challenges. While synthetic insecticides have been effective in vector control, their excessive use has led to resistance development, environmental degradation, and harm to non-target organisms. This study presents 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, a novel metabolite isolated from Streptomyces sclerotialus, as a potential eco-friendly larvicidal agent. The comprehensive bioactive characterization using TLC, GC-MS, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR confirmed the structural identity of the compound. The larvicidal assays demonstrated significant potency against Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with LC50 and LC90 values indicating high efficacy. The morphological and histopathological analyses revealed severe damage to mosquito larvae, accompanied by elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, confirming oxidative stress induction. The molecular docking studies showed strong binding interactions between the compound and key mosquito midgut proteins (cadherin, ABCC2, APN1, and ALP), providing insights into its mode of action. In addition, eco-safety evaluations on non-target aquatic organisms (Daphnia magna and Danio rerio embryos) revealed minimal toxicity, affirming their environmental safety. The production of the bioactive compound was optimized under specific physicochemical conditions to enhance yield and scalability. This study uniquely integrates larvicidal efficacy, genotoxicity assessment, and eco-safety validation, positioning 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester as a promising biopesticide. These findings contribute to developing sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for mosquito control and integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
{"title":"Genotoxicity and eco-safety evaluation of a larvicidal compound from Streptomyces sclerotialus on mosquito larvae, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio","authors":"Krishnan Raguvaran , Marissa Angelina , Manickam Kalpana , Palanisamy Devapriya , Suresh Kalaivani , Chinnaperumal Kamaraj , Rajan Maheswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue, malaria, and filariasis, caused by <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, <em>Anopheles stephensi</em>, and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em>, respectively, pose significant global health challenges. While synthetic insecticides have been effective in vector control, their excessive use has led to resistance development, environmental degradation, and harm to non-target organisms. This study presents 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, a novel metabolite isolated from <em>Streptomyces sclerotialus</em>, as a potential eco-friendly larvicidal agent. The comprehensive bioactive characterization using TLC, GC-MS, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR confirmed the structural identity of the compound. The larvicidal assays demonstrated significant potency against <em>Ae. aegypti</em>, <em>An. stephensi</em>, and <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em>, with LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values indicating high efficacy. The morphological and histopathological analyses revealed severe damage to mosquito larvae, accompanied by elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, confirming oxidative stress induction. The molecular docking studies showed strong binding interactions between the compound and key mosquito midgut proteins (cadherin, ABCC2, APN1, and ALP), providing insights into its mode of action. In addition, eco-safety evaluations on non-target aquatic organisms (<em>Daphnia magna</em> and <em>Danio rerio</em> embryos) revealed minimal toxicity, affirming their environmental safety. The production of the bioactive compound was optimized under specific physicochemical conditions to enhance yield and scalability. This study uniquely integrates larvicidal efficacy, genotoxicity assessment, and eco-safety validation, positioning 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester as a promising biopesticide. These findings contribute to developing sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for mosquito control and integrated pest management (IPM) programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106879"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106867
Guowei Hu , Chudong Tong , Jia Zeng , Lijia Luo
As the classical analytics in the field of data-driven fault monitoring, time neighborhood preserving embedding (TNPE), dynamic inner canonical correlation analysis (DiCCA), and slow feature analysis (SFA) provided three different choices for characterizing time-serial variation inherent in sequential samples. Considering the unsupervised nature of these three algorithms as well as their variants, it could be more appropriate to jointly exploit time-serial variation from multiple perspectives in a comprehensive manner. This recognition then motivates us to propose a novel dynamic modeling algorithm titled as joint time-serial variation analysis (JTSVA) for fault monitoring. The proposed JTSVA aims to extract dynamic latent variables (DLVs) with respect to a joint integration of time-manifold embedding, latent auto-regressive, and slow-varying capabilities own by TNPE, DiCCA and SFA, respectively. Furthermore, an additional orthogonality constraint is further assigned to the problem definition of JTSVA, so that the extracted DLVs could have enhanced discriminant in uncovering valuable information for satisfactory fault monitoring performance. Finally, the superiority of JTSVA in fault monitoring, in terms of false alarm rate and fault detection rate, is validated through comparative experiments on two industrial-scale examples, i.e., the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process and a real-world multiphase flow facility.
{"title":"Joint time-serial variation analysis for fault monitoring of chemical processes","authors":"Guowei Hu , Chudong Tong , Jia Zeng , Lijia Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the classical analytics in the field of data-driven fault monitoring, time neighborhood preserving embedding (TNPE), dynamic inner canonical correlation analysis (DiCCA), and slow feature analysis (SFA) provided three different choices for characterizing time-serial variation inherent in sequential samples. Considering the unsupervised nature of these three algorithms as well as their variants, it could be more appropriate to jointly exploit time-serial variation from multiple perspectives in a comprehensive manner. This recognition then motivates us to propose a novel dynamic modeling algorithm titled as joint time-serial variation analysis (JTSVA) for fault monitoring. The proposed JTSVA aims to extract dynamic latent variables (DLVs) with respect to a joint integration of time-manifold embedding, latent auto-regressive, and slow-varying capabilities own by TNPE, DiCCA and SFA, respectively. Furthermore, an additional orthogonality constraint is further assigned to the problem definition of JTSVA, so that the extracted DLVs could have enhanced discriminant in uncovering valuable information for satisfactory fault monitoring performance. Finally, the superiority of JTSVA in fault monitoring, in terms of false alarm rate and fault detection rate, is validated through comparative experiments on two industrial-scale examples, <em>i.e.</em>, the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process and a real-world multiphase flow facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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