Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.092
Barbara Muñoz-Palazon, Manuel J. Gallardo-Altamirano, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Francisco Osorio
To broaden the application of anammox processes, this study investigated the implementation of an anammox biofilter using Filtralite® as support material for treating real secondary effluent characterized by low strength. The biofilter operated at optimal anammox temperatures (35 °C) and environmental temperatures (24.9 ± 1.5 °C) to achieve nitrogen removal under stress conditions. The nitrogen removal efficiencies exceeded 50 %, with nitrogen removal rates greater than 60 g N·m–3·d–1under all operational conditions, including the presence of organic matter (COD ∼90 mg O2:L−1) and the low-strength nitrogen (41.1 mg-N·L−1). The presence of organic matter resulted in a reduction of less than 10 % of the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency during specific period compared to the control reactor. Additionally, the increased concentration of NH4+ in the influent enhanced nitrogen performance. The Denitratisoma genus was ubiquitous in all reactors, while anammox bacteria were predominantly represented by Candidatus Kuenenia at 35 °C and Candidatus Brocadia at environmental temperature. Comammox Nitrospira was the dominant phylotype at 35 °C. The dominant phylotypes of archaeal communities were taxonomically affiliated with Methanomicrobiales and Methanothrix, which demonstrated competitiveness by their persistence in the biofilm. This study demonstrates that anammox biofilter technology is a viable system for treating real low-strength urban wastewater, being particularly suitable for implementation at environmental temperatures due to its low-cost requirements and high nitrogen removal efficiency.
{"title":"Performance and microbiome of an anammox biofilter for treating secondary wastewater: Effect of organic matter, low-strength nitrogen, and temperature","authors":"Barbara Muñoz-Palazon, Manuel J. Gallardo-Altamirano, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Francisco Osorio","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.092","url":null,"abstract":"To broaden the application of anammox processes, this study investigated the implementation of an anammox biofilter using Filtralite® as support material for treating real secondary effluent characterized by low strength. The biofilter operated at optimal anammox temperatures (35 °C) and environmental temperatures (24.9 ± 1.5 °C) to achieve nitrogen removal under stress conditions. The nitrogen removal efficiencies exceeded 50 %, with nitrogen removal rates greater than 60 g N·m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–3</ce:sup>·d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup>under all operational conditions, including the presence of organic matter (COD ∼90 mg O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>:L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and the low-strength nitrogen (41.1 mg-N·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>). The presence of organic matter resulted in a reduction of less than 10 % of the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency during specific period compared to the control reactor. Additionally, the increased concentration of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> in the influent enhanced nitrogen performance. The <ce:italic>Denitratisoma</ce:italic> genus was ubiquitous in all reactors, while anammox bacteria were predominantly represented by <ce:italic>Candidatus</ce:italic> Kuenenia at 35 °C and <ce:italic>Candidatus</ce:italic> Brocadia at environmental temperature. Comammox <ce:italic>Nitrospira</ce:italic> was the dominant phylotype at 35 °C. The dominant phylotypes of archaeal communities were taxonomically affiliated with <ce:italic>Methanomicrobiales</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Methanothrix</ce:italic>, which demonstrated competitiveness by their persistence in the biofilm. This study demonstrates that anammox biofilter technology is a viable system for treating real low-strength urban wastewater, being particularly suitable for implementation at environmental temperatures due to its low-cost requirements and high nitrogen removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.080
Marta Alves, Isabel Henriques, Paula M.L. Castro, Catarina L. Amorim
Wastewater comprises various stressors and their individual and combined immediate effects on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) are still underexplored. In this study, the AGS was exposed for 24 hours to wastewater with varying salt concentrations (up to 30 g NaCl L⁻¹) alongside pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, DCF or carbamazepine, CBZ). Differences in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and composition were observed between single and combined stressor exposures. The removal of pharmaceuticals was influenced by the wastewater salinity level and the type of pharmaceutical, with a positive correlation found between the EPS polysaccharides content and the removal efficiency at salinity levels up to 10 g NaCl L⁻¹ . The combination of salinity and pharmaceuticals in wastewater also impacted the AGS bacteriome composition, with the bacteriome of the AGS not-exposed to stressors showing greater similarity to that of AGS exposed to DCF than to that exposed to CBZ, at each wastewater salinity level. Functional profiling suggested that short-term exposure to stressors slightly increased the relative abundance of mismatch repair, cell motility, and homologous recombination functions in the AGS microbiome. Summing up, the stressors impact on AGS bacteriome structure and EPS production varies depending on the pharmaceutical and whether it is combined with salt or not. This study unveiled the immediate AGS response to both single and combined stressors exposure, but a more thoughtful characterization of the bacteriome composition over the early adaptation period to stressors is needed to understand the community succession and to identify key microbial groups.
{"title":"Adaptative biological response of aerobic granular sludge to events of single or combined wastewater related stressors","authors":"Marta Alves, Isabel Henriques, Paula M.L. Castro, Catarina L. Amorim","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.080","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater comprises various stressors and their individual and combined immediate effects on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) are still underexplored. In this study, the AGS was exposed for 24 hours to wastewater with varying salt concentrations (up to 30 g NaCl L⁻¹) alongside pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, DCF or carbamazepine, CBZ). Differences in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and composition were observed between single and combined stressor exposures. The removal of pharmaceuticals was influenced by the wastewater salinity level and the type of pharmaceutical, with a positive correlation found between the EPS polysaccharides content and the removal efficiency at salinity levels up to 10 g NaCl L⁻¹ . The combination of salinity and pharmaceuticals in wastewater also impacted the AGS bacteriome composition, with the bacteriome of the AGS not-exposed to stressors showing greater similarity to that of AGS exposed to DCF than to that exposed to CBZ, at each wastewater salinity level. Functional profiling suggested that short-term exposure to stressors slightly increased the relative abundance of mismatch repair, cell motility, and homologous recombination functions in the AGS microbiome. Summing up, the stressors impact on AGS bacteriome structure and EPS production varies depending on the pharmaceutical and whether it is combined with salt or not. This study unveiled the immediate AGS response to both single and combined stressors exposure, but a more thoughtful characterization of the bacteriome composition over the early adaptation period to stressors is needed to understand the community succession and to identify key microbial groups.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The technology that catalyst activated perxymosulfate (PMS) has been widely used in the decomposition of organic pollutants. We prepared Zn and Co-based ZIF and obtained C-doping Co3O4/ ZnO heterojunction after pyrolysis. C-doping Co3O4/ ZnO heterojunction with cage core-shell structure was loaded on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with a layered porous structure by solvent-assisted nanoparticle embedding (SANE) method, where the carmine degradation reached 99.6 % by MC-430 activated Perxymosulfate (PMS) within 10 min. The influencing factors (such as the pyrolysis temperature, PMS dosage, and dye concentration) on OFX degradation were observed, and MC-430 exhibited good tolerance for these factors and a wide range of solution hydrogen ion concentrations (pH= 4–10). The strong reusability and stability analysis showed that the carmine degradation of the MC-430/PMS system changed minorly (from 99.6 % to 97.7 %) in 5 consecutive cycles without any treatment. The degradation mechanism was confirmed by capture experiments, in which the non-free radical path was the main one and the free radical path was the auxiliary one. Moreover, structure characterizations and density functional theory calculations verified that doped C sites provided a channel for electron transfer from Zn sites to Co sites, which increased the generation rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prolonged the catalyst life. This work provides a new method for the preparation of nonmetallic doping bimetallic strong coupling catalysis.
{"title":"Synthesis of ZIF-derived C-doping Co3O4/ ZnO membranes for enhanced removal of organics by peroxymonosulfate activation under visible-light","authors":"Liusha Cen, Fan Yu, Shixue Liu, Chengcai Li, Wangyong Jin, Chenliang Wang, Hailin Zhu, Yuhai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.084","url":null,"abstract":"The technology that catalyst activated perxymosulfate (PMS) has been widely used in the decomposition of organic pollutants. We prepared Zn and Co-based ZIF and obtained C-doping Co<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>/ ZnO heterojunction after pyrolysis. C-doping Co<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>/ ZnO heterojunction with cage core-shell structure was loaded on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with a layered porous structure by solvent-assisted nanoparticle embedding (SANE) method, where the carmine degradation reached 99.6 % by MC-430 activated Perxymosulfate (PMS) within 10 min. The influencing factors (such as the pyrolysis temperature, PMS dosage, and dye concentration) on OFX degradation were observed, and MC-430 exhibited good tolerance for these factors and a wide range of solution hydrogen ion concentrations (pH= 4–10). The strong reusability and stability analysis showed that the carmine degradation of the MC-430/PMS system changed minorly (from 99.6 % to 97.7 %) in 5 consecutive cycles without any treatment. The degradation mechanism was confirmed by capture experiments, in which the non-free radical path was the main one and the free radical path was the auxiliary one. Moreover, structure characterizations and density functional theory calculations verified that doped C sites provided a channel for electron transfer from Zn sites to Co sites, which increased the generation rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prolonged the catalyst life. This work provides a new method for the preparation of nonmetallic doping bimetallic strong coupling catalysis.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.096
Xiaosong Luo, Qibin Li, Xi Chen
Alkali Ca2 + ion plays a crucial role in the chemical depolymerization of plastics. To investigate the catalytic effects of Ca2+ on the hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis mechanisms of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste, the density functional theory (DFT) method using B3P86/6–31 + +G(d,p) was employed. This study focused on the catalytic reactions of Ca2+ with a PET dimer. The calculations show that Ca2+ interacts with the oxygen-containing functional groups in the PET dimer, leading to a reduction in the Gibbs free energy of the PET model compound. During the depolymerization of the Ca2+-catalyzed PET dimer, the energy barriers for the primary reaction steps are approximately 183.0 kJ/mol (hydrolysis), 175.0 kJ/mol (alcoholysis), and 153.0 kJ/mol (ammonolysis), respectively. Additionally, the study explores the impact of temperature on reaction rates and branching ratios during the Ca2+ ion catalytic initial hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of the PET dimer. It also elucidates the product yield in the co-treatment of PET with Ca2+ ion under varying temperatures. This work enhances the current knowledge of Ca2+ catalyzing the hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of plastic waste, offering theoretical insights for minimizing pollutant emissions in the thermal treatment and sustainable conversion of PET-containing waste.
{"title":"Mechanistic investigation on hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of polyethylene terephthalate initiated by participation of calcium ions","authors":"Xiaosong Luo, Qibin Li, Xi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.096","url":null,"abstract":"Alkali Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2 +</ce:sup> ion plays a crucial role in the chemical depolymerization of plastics. To investigate the catalytic effects of Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> on the hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis mechanisms of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste, the density functional theory (DFT) method using B3P86/6–31 + +G(d,p) was employed. This study focused on the catalytic reactions of Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> with a PET dimer. The calculations show that Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> interacts with the oxygen-containing functional groups in the PET dimer, leading to a reduction in the Gibbs free energy of the PET model compound. During the depolymerization of the Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>-catalyzed PET dimer, the energy barriers for the primary reaction steps are approximately 183.0 kJ/mol (hydrolysis), 175.0 kJ/mol (alcoholysis), and 153.0 kJ/mol (ammonolysis), respectively. Additionally, the study explores the impact of temperature on reaction rates and branching ratios during the Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> ion catalytic initial hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of the PET dimer. It also elucidates the product yield in the co-treatment of PET with Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> ion under varying temperatures. This work enhances the current knowledge of Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> catalyzing the hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of plastic waste, offering theoretical insights for minimizing pollutant emissions in the thermal treatment and sustainable conversion of PET-containing waste.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.089
Zaiyong Zhang, Bin Ran, Chengcheng Gong, Ni Yan, Jingbo Yang, Chunqiang Shen, Yu-Li Wang
The Pump-and-Treat (P&T) and Groundwater Circulation Well (GCW) are two remediation techniques that are commonly employed for the removing contaminants from an aquifer. However, both methods have inherent limitations, including diminishing returns and the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of aquifer characteristics. The combination of P&T and GCW has the potential to overcome the limitations of each method while maintaining the advantages of both. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of jointly operated GCW and P&T in the remediation of contaminants. To achieve these goals, a sandbox experiment and numerical simulations were employed. The findings demonstrate that the integration of GCW with P&T results in a more effective and dynamic hydraulic regime than the conventional single-technology approach. The jointly operated system demonstrates enhanced efficiency in contaminant capture, with an expanded radius of influence (ROI) compared to the use of either method alone. Furthermore, the GCW reduces the size of unsaturated zones created by P&T, thereby enhancing the overall remediation effectiveness. This innovative hybrid approach improves contaminant capture, making it a promising strategy for effective and sustainable groundwater remediation, especially in complex geological environments.
{"title":"Enhancing groundwater remediation efficiency through integrating Pump-and-Treat system and groundwater circulation well","authors":"Zaiyong Zhang, Bin Ran, Chengcheng Gong, Ni Yan, Jingbo Yang, Chunqiang Shen, Yu-Li Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.089","url":null,"abstract":"The Pump-and-Treat (P&T) and Groundwater Circulation Well (GCW) are two remediation techniques that are commonly employed for the removing contaminants from an aquifer. However, both methods have inherent limitations, including diminishing returns and the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of aquifer characteristics. The combination of P&T and GCW has the potential to overcome the limitations of each method while maintaining the advantages of both. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of jointly operated GCW and P&T in the remediation of contaminants. To achieve these goals, a sandbox experiment and numerical simulations were employed. The findings demonstrate that the integration of GCW with P&T results in a more effective and dynamic hydraulic regime than the conventional single-technology approach. The jointly operated system demonstrates enhanced efficiency in contaminant capture, with an expanded radius of influence (ROI) compared to the use of either method alone. Furthermore, the GCW reduces the size of unsaturated zones created by P&T, thereby enhancing the overall remediation effectiveness. This innovative hybrid approach improves contaminant capture, making it a promising strategy for effective and sustainable groundwater remediation, especially in complex geological environments.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.087
Jiangjie Fang, Huifen Yang, Yingliang Song, Qiwei Sun, Dong Lin
The recycle of Jarosite residues is currently an important topic that needs to be addressed. In this study, coke-loaded sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were used to efficiently mineralize the valuable metals in Jarosite residues to produce metal sulphides (MeS), which provided an experimental basis for the recovery of valuable metals by flotation. Microbial electron microscopy revealed that during the reduction and mineralization of Jarosite residues by SRB, coke not only provided a shelter for SRB but also promoted the attachment and growth of SRB on its surface. As the reduction and mineralization process proceeded, Desulfovibrio, the genus to which SRB belong, became the dominant strain, with its proportion increasing from 37 % to 54 % by the 15th day and continuing to grow thereafter. Coke also effectively mitigated the toxic effects of heavy metals on SRB and strengthened SRB's reductive mineralization of Jarosite residues. Compared to SRB alone, coke-loaded SRB increased the SO₄²⁻ reduction rate from 76.34 % to 92.59 % and the mineralization rate from 32.92 % to 44.41 % at a concentration of 10 g/L of Jarosite residues. XRD and SEM-EDS analysis showed that the peaks of pyrrhotite alum in the Jarosite residues disappeared, the oxygen content was reduced, and the presence of ferrous sulphide and vivianite peaks indicated that SRB could continuously utilize sulphate in the Jarosite residues as an electron acceptor. This reduced S(VI) to S²⁻, which combined with metal ions to form metal sulphide ores. Additionally, some Fe²⁺ combined with PO₄³ ⁻ to form the secondary mineral, vivianite. In conclusion, coke loading enhanced the reductive mineralization of Jarosite residues by SRB, offering a novel approach to improving this process. This study also advanced the theoretical understanding of microbial mineralization of valuable metals in Jarosite residues, providing the feasibility of recovering these metals by flotation.
{"title":"Feasibility analysis of sulfate-reducing bacteria-loaded coke on the reduction and mineralization of jarosite residues","authors":"Jiangjie Fang, Huifen Yang, Yingliang Song, Qiwei Sun, Dong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.087","url":null,"abstract":"The recycle of Jarosite residues is currently an important topic that needs to be addressed. In this study, coke-loaded sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were used to efficiently mineralize the valuable metals in Jarosite residues to produce metal sulphides (MeS), which provided an experimental basis for the recovery of valuable metals by flotation. Microbial electron microscopy revealed that during the reduction and mineralization of Jarosite residues by SRB, coke not only provided a shelter for SRB but also promoted the attachment and growth of SRB on its surface. As the reduction and mineralization process proceeded, <ce:italic>Desulfovibrio</ce:italic>, the genus to which SRB belong, became the dominant strain, with its proportion increasing from 37 % to 54 % by the 15th day and continuing to grow thereafter. Coke also effectively mitigated the toxic effects of heavy metals on SRB and strengthened SRB's reductive mineralization of Jarosite residues. Compared to SRB alone, coke-loaded SRB increased the SO₄²⁻ reduction rate from 76.34 % to 92.59 % and the mineralization rate from 32.92 % to 44.41 % at a concentration of 10 g/L of Jarosite residues. XRD and SEM-EDS analysis showed that the peaks of pyrrhotite alum in the Jarosite residues disappeared, the oxygen content was reduced, and the presence of ferrous sulphide and vivianite peaks indicated that SRB could continuously utilize sulphate in the Jarosite residues as an electron acceptor. This reduced S(VI) to S²⁻, which combined with metal ions to form metal sulphide ores. Additionally, some Fe²⁺ combined with PO₄³ ⁻ to form the secondary mineral, vivianite. In conclusion, coke loading enhanced the reductive mineralization of Jarosite residues by SRB, offering a novel approach to improving this process. This study also advanced the theoretical understanding of microbial mineralization of valuable metals in Jarosite residues, providing the feasibility of recovering these metals by flotation.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.085
Kim Jitae, Kim Taeyoung, Pham Thi-Huong
Pollutants such as bisphenol A (B-PhA) and phenol (Ph), commonly associated with plastic production, are increasingly prevalent contaminants in water, air, and soil. This study presents the synthesis and application of metal oxide WO3-loaded g-C3N4 photocatalysts, labeled as WO@CN, designed for the effective removal of Ph and B-PhA from nonpoint source pollution. The WO@CN photocatalyst demonstrated high degradation efficiency, achieving removal rates of up to 96.1 % for Ph and 82.5 % for B-PhA in controlled aqueous solutions. In nonpoint source wastewater, the removal efficiencies were slightly reduced to 81.8 % for Ph and 69.5 % for B-PhA. Decomposition by-products analysis revealed that Ph and B-PhA were gradually converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. Additionally, the study investigates the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms and stresses the environmental risks posed by nonpoint source micropollutants, highlighting the importance of addressing this widespread issue.
{"title":"Degradation of nonpoint source pollutants derived from plastic waste using WO₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst","authors":"Kim Jitae, Kim Taeyoung, Pham Thi-Huong","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.085","url":null,"abstract":"Pollutants such as bisphenol A (B-PhA) and phenol (Ph), commonly associated with plastic production, are increasingly prevalent contaminants in water, air, and soil. This study presents the synthesis and application of metal oxide WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-loaded g-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> photocatalysts, labeled as WO@CN, designed for the effective removal of Ph and B-PhA from nonpoint source pollution. The WO@CN photocatalyst demonstrated high degradation efficiency, achieving removal rates of up to 96.1 % for Ph and 82.5 % for B-PhA in controlled aqueous solutions. In nonpoint source wastewater, the removal efficiencies were slightly reduced to 81.8 % for Ph and 69.5 % for B-PhA. Decomposition by-products analysis revealed that Ph and B-PhA were gradually converted into carbon dioxide (CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) and water. Additionally, the study investigates the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms and stresses the environmental risks posed by nonpoint source micropollutants, highlighting the importance of addressing this widespread issue.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.082
Weiwei Ren, Zhengming He, Lixia Shi, Jiani Xu, Cong Li, Yunshu Zhang, Ke Dong, Sang-Seob Lee
The widespread use of sulfonamide antibiotics and the absence of efficient treatment methods have led to increasing environmental contamination. This research explores the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMT) in water using potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) as a green oxidant. Various factors influencing degradation efficiency, including mass ratio, pH, temperature, coexisting ions, and humic acid (HA), were systematically investigated. A higher mass ratio significantly improved removal efficiency, achieving complete degradation of SMX within 40 and 20 min at 15:1 and 20:1 ratios, respectively, and SMT within 35 and 15 min. Acidic conditions (pH 5–7) favored SMT removal, while alkaline conditions (pH 8–9) enhanced SMX degradation. Temperature elevation had a more pronounced effect on SMT removal. NO2- initially promoted but subsequently inhibited degradation, whereas HCO3- enhanced SMT removal and hindered SMX degradation. Fe3+ and Cu2+ strongly inhibited the degradation of both pollutants. Mass spectrometry and DFT simulations elucidated oxidation pathways involving ring-opening, hydroxylation, and desulfurization. Fe(VI) treatment markedly reduced the toxicity of both compounds, demonstrating promising results in real water samples. This research provides valuable insights into the application of Fe(VI) for antibiotic degradation, offering a novel approach for the efficient removal of pollutants from water bodies.
{"title":"Mechanistic analysis and environmental impact assessment of ferrate degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics","authors":"Weiwei Ren, Zhengming He, Lixia Shi, Jiani Xu, Cong Li, Yunshu Zhang, Ke Dong, Sang-Seob Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.082","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of sulfonamide antibiotics and the absence of efficient treatment methods have led to increasing environmental contamination. This research explores the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMT) in water using potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) as a green oxidant. Various factors influencing degradation efficiency, including mass ratio, pH, temperature, coexisting ions, and humic acid (HA), were systematically investigated. A higher mass ratio significantly improved removal efficiency, achieving complete degradation of SMX within 40 and 20 min at 15:1 and 20:1 ratios, respectively, and SMT within 35 and 15 min. Acidic conditions (pH 5–7) favored SMT removal, while alkaline conditions (pH 8–9) enhanced SMX degradation. Temperature elevation had a more pronounced effect on SMT removal. NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> initially promoted but subsequently inhibited degradation, whereas HCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> enhanced SMT removal and hindered SMX degradation. Fe<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup> and Cu<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> strongly inhibited the degradation of both pollutants. Mass spectrometry and DFT simulations elucidated oxidation pathways involving ring-opening, hydroxylation, and desulfurization. Fe(VI) treatment markedly reduced the toxicity of both compounds, demonstrating promising results in real water samples. This research provides valuable insights into the application of Fe(VI) for antibiotic degradation, offering a novel approach for the efficient removal of pollutants from water bodies.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes can effectively remove aqueous organic pollutants by means of the generated reactive species (RS), some challenges remain in core-shell metal-based catalysts due to the scarcity of ideal precursors. In this study, a core-shell cobalt-iron oxides (CoOx@FeOx/pC), composing CoOx and FeOx encased by porous carbon, was synthesized through calcination utilizing ZIF-67@MIL-101(Fe) as templates. The as-prepared CoOx@FeOx/pC were fully characterized and exhibited an exceptional core-shell structure with evident internal void. Scavenger experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that O2•− and 1O2 were the primary contributors for the ultrafast phenol degradation. The collective presence of RS (O2•− and 1O2) and phenol within the catalyst cavity resulted in a notable reduction in the migration distance between these species, thereby markedly enhancing the reaction rate. As a result, CoOx@FeOx/pC achieved almost complete (92.55 %) degradation of phenol in 5 min with a k-value as high as 0.42 min−1, which was 32, 5 and 5 times higher than that of FeOx, CoOx and (FeOx + CoOx), respectively. This research paved an avenue for the development of core-shell catalysts for PMS heterogenous activation in the phenol degradation.
{"title":"Confinement of reactive species in close proximity to pollutants achieves ultrafast advanced oxidation processes in core-shell CoOx@FeOx/pC","authors":"Ting Ma, Haibo Li, Yu Shang, Wei Yu, Kaixuan Wang, Rongyu Zhang, Yilin Bai, Xinyi Gao, Xiangqi Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.081","url":null,"abstract":"Although heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes can effectively remove aqueous organic pollutants by means of the generated reactive species (RS), some challenges remain in core-shell metal-based catalysts due to the scarcity of ideal precursors. In this study, a core-shell cobalt-iron oxides (CoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>@FeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>/pC), composing CoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> and FeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> encased by porous carbon, was synthesized through calcination utilizing ZIF-67@MIL-101(Fe) as templates. The as-prepared CoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>@FeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>/pC were fully characterized and exhibited an exceptional core-shell structure with evident internal void. Scavenger experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">•−</ce:sup> and <ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> were the primary contributors for the ultrafast phenol degradation. The collective presence of RS (O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">•−</ce:sup> and <ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) and phenol within the catalyst cavity resulted in a notable reduction in the migration distance between these species, thereby markedly enhancing the reaction rate. As a result, CoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>@FeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>/pC achieved almost complete (92.55 %) degradation of phenol in 5 min with a k-value as high as 0.42 min<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, which was 32, 5 and 5 times higher than that of FeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>, CoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> and (FeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> + CoO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>), respectively. This research paved an avenue for the development of core-shell catalysts for PMS heterogenous activation in the phenol degradation.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A low-cost carbon-based solid acid was prepared using simple sulfonation process and applied to the hydrolysis of castor oil. The optimal conditions of catalyst preparation were obtained as follows: 4:1 (mL:g) as the ratio of sulfuric acid volume to activated carbon mass, 160 °C as the sulfonation temperature, and 12 h as the sulfonation time. The catalyst underwent thorough characterization using XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, XPS, and acidity analysis techniques. The obtained results revealed successful incorporation of sulfonic acid groups into the catalyst and remarkable properties formed, including high specific surface area (817.23 m2/g), significant pore volume (0.497 cm3/g), and substantial total acid density (4.9 mmol/g). Analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic experimental data indicated that the hydrolysis reaction of castor oil followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and was a non-spontaneous and endothermic process. Based on DFT calculation, a proposed hydrolysis mechanism for castor oil, catalyzed by the prepared solid catalyst, was presented. In addition, the catalyst prepared had excellent recyclability. Under the mild conditions of reaction temperature of 160 °C, total hydrolysis time of 6 h (the first-step hydrolysis time: 4 h; the second-step hydrolysis time: 2 h), stirring speed of 700 rpm, mass ratio of water to oil of 3:1 (g:g), and catalyst dosage of 5 wt%, a two-step hydrolysis process based on the prepared catalyst was proposed, by which the hydrolysis yield of castor oil signally increased to 90.86 %. The proposed two-step hydrolysis process was an environmentally friendly and green process, compared with the traditional hydrolysis process using H2SO4 as catalyst. The study provided new solid acid catalyst and feasible process for the hydrolysis of castor oil to gain ricinoleic acid.
{"title":"Effective hydrolysis of castor oil under mild conditions catalyzed by new low-cost carbon-based solid acid: Process and mechanism, and environmental assessment","authors":"Guangtao Wei, Yansheng Wang, Chong Lu, Rongrong Long, Wei Lan, Linye Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.077","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost carbon-based solid acid was prepared using simple sulfonation process and applied to the hydrolysis of castor oil. The optimal conditions of catalyst preparation were obtained as follows: 4:1 (mL:g) as the ratio of sulfuric acid volume to activated carbon mass, 160 °C as the sulfonation temperature, and 12 h as the sulfonation time. The catalyst underwent thorough characterization using XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, XPS, and acidity analysis techniques. The obtained results revealed successful incorporation of sulfonic acid groups into the catalyst and remarkable properties formed, including high specific surface area (817.23 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/g), significant pore volume (0.497 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>/g), and substantial total acid density (4.9 mmol/g). Analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic experimental data indicated that the hydrolysis reaction of castor oil followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and was a non-spontaneous and endothermic process. Based on DFT calculation, a proposed hydrolysis mechanism for castor oil, catalyzed by the prepared solid catalyst, was presented. In addition, the catalyst prepared had excellent recyclability. Under the mild conditions of reaction temperature of 160 °C, total hydrolysis time of 6 h (the first-step hydrolysis time: 4 h; the second-step hydrolysis time: 2 h), stirring speed of 700 rpm, mass ratio of water to oil of 3:1 (g:g), and catalyst dosage of 5 wt%, a two-step hydrolysis process based on the prepared catalyst was proposed, by which the hydrolysis yield of castor oil signally increased to 90.86 %. The proposed two-step hydrolysis process was an environmentally friendly and green process, compared with the traditional hydrolysis process using H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> as catalyst. The study provided new solid acid catalyst and feasible process for the hydrolysis of castor oil to gain ricinoleic acid.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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