Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献_第7页

Adaptative biological response of aerobic granular sludge to events of single or combined wastewater related stressors 好氧颗粒污泥对单一或组合废水相关应激源事件的适应性生物响应

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.080

Marta Alves , Isabel Henriques , Paula M.L. Castro , Catarina L. Amorim

Wastewater comprises various stressors and their individual and combined immediate effects on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) are still underexplored. In this study, the AGS was exposed for 24 hours to wastewater with varying salt concentrations (up to 30 g NaCl L⁻¹) alongside pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, DCF or carbamazepine, CBZ). Differences in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and composition were observed between single and combined stressor exposures. The removal of pharmaceuticals was influenced by the wastewater salinity level and the type of pharmaceutical, with a positive correlation found between the EPS polysaccharides content and the removal efficiency at salinity levels up to 10 g NaCl L⁻¹ . The combination of salinity and pharmaceuticals in wastewater also impacted the AGS bacteriome composition, with the bacteriome of the AGS not-exposed to stressors showing greater similarity to that of AGS exposed to DCF than to that exposed to CBZ, at each wastewater salinity level. Functional profiling suggested that short-term exposure to stressors slightly increased the relative abundance of mismatch repair, cell motility, and homologous recombination functions in the AGS microbiome. Summing up, the stressors impact on AGS bacteriome structure and EPS production varies depending on the pharmaceutical and whether it is combined with salt or not. This study unveiled the immediate AGS response to both single and combined stressors exposure, but a more thoughtful characterization of the bacteriome composition over the early adaptation period to stressors is needed to understand the community succession and to identify key microbial groups.

废水包含各种压力源，它们对好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）的单独和联合直接影响仍未得到充分研究。在这项研究中，AGS与药物（双氯芬酸，DCF或卡马西平，CBZ）一起暴露在不同盐浓度（高达30 g NaCl L -⁻¹）的废水中24 小时。细胞外聚合物（EPS）的产生和组成在单一和联合应激暴露之间存在差异。药物的去除率受废水盐度和药物类型的影响，在盐度≤10 g NaCl L⁻¹ 时，EPS多糖含量与去除率呈正相关。废水中的盐度和药物的组合也影响了AGS细菌组的组成，在每个废水盐度水平下，未暴露于应激源的AGS与暴露于DCF的AGS的细菌组的相似性大于暴露于CBZ的AGS。功能分析表明，短期暴露于应激源会略微增加AGS微生物组中错配修复、细胞运动和同源重组功能的相对丰度。综上所述，应激源对AGS菌群结构和EPS产生的影响取决于药物和是否与盐结合。这项研究揭示了AGS对单一和联合应激源暴露的直接反应，但需要对早期适应应激源的细菌组组成进行更周到的表征，以了解群落演代并确定关键微生物群。

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引用次数: 0

Effective hydrolysis of castor oil under mild conditions catalyzed by new low-cost carbon-based solid acid: Process and mechanism, and environmental assessment 新型低成本碳基固体酸催化蓖麻油在温和条件下的有效水解：工艺、机理及环境评价

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.077

Guangtao Wei , Yansheng Wang , Chong Lu , Rongrong Long , Wei Lan , Linye Zhang

A low-cost carbon-based solid acid was prepared using simple sulfonation process and applied to the hydrolysis of castor oil. The optimal conditions of catalyst preparation were obtained as follows: 4:1 (mL:g) as the ratio of sulfuric acid volume to activated carbon mass, 160 °C as the sulfonation temperature, and 12 h as the sulfonation time. The catalyst underwent thorough characterization using XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, XPS, and acidity analysis techniques. The obtained results revealed successful incorporation of sulfonic acid groups into the catalyst and remarkable properties formed, including high specific surface area (817.23 m²/g), significant pore volume (0.497 cm³/g), and substantial total acid density (4.9 mmol/g). Analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic experimental data indicated that the hydrolysis reaction of castor oil followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and was a non-spontaneous and endothermic process. Based on DFT calculation, a proposed hydrolysis mechanism for castor oil, catalyzed by the prepared solid catalyst, was presented. In addition, the catalyst prepared had excellent recyclability. Under the mild conditions of reaction temperature of 160 °C, total hydrolysis time of 6 h (the first-step hydrolysis time: 4 h; the second-step hydrolysis time: 2 h), stirring speed of 700 rpm, mass ratio of water to oil of 3:1 (g:g), and catalyst dosage of 5 wt%, a two-step hydrolysis process based on the prepared catalyst was proposed, by which the hydrolysis yield of castor oil signally increased to 90.86 %. The proposed two-step hydrolysis process was an environmentally friendly and green process, compared with the traditional hydrolysis process using H₂SO₄ as catalyst. The study provided new solid acid catalyst and feasible process for the hydrolysis of castor oil to gain ricinoleic acid.

采用简单磺化法制备了一种低成本的碳基固体酸，并将其应用于蓖麻油的水解。得到催化剂的最佳制备条件为硫酸体积与活性炭质量比为4:1 (mL:g)，磺化温度为160℃，磺化时间为12 h。采用XRD， SEM， FTIR， BET， XPS和酸度分析技术对催化剂进行了全面的表征。结果表明，磺酸基团成功地结合到催化剂中，形成了高比表面积（817.23 m2/g）、显著的孔体积（0.497 cm3/g）和可观的总酸密度（4.9 mmol/g）等显著的性能。动力学和热力学实验数据分析表明，蓖麻油的水解反应符合准一级动力学模型，是一个非自发的吸热过程。在DFT计算的基础上，提出了制备的固体催化剂催化蓖麻油水解的机理。此外，所制备的催化剂具有优良的可回收性。在反应温度为160℃的温和条件下，总水解时间为6 h(第一步水解时间：4 h；在第二步水解时间为2 h，搅拌速度为700 rpm，水油质量比为3:1 (g:g)，催化剂用量为5 wt%的条件下，提出了以所制备的催化剂为基础的两步水解工艺，蓖麻油的水解率明显提高到90.86 %。与传统的以H2SO4为催化剂的水解工艺相比，所提出的两步水解工艺是一种环保、绿色的工艺。该研究为蓖麻油水解制备蓖麻油酸提供了新的固体酸催化剂和可行的工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of the life cycle environmental impact of shell powder and slag concrete using response surface methodology 利用响应面法优化贝壳粉和矿渣混凝土的生命周期环境影响

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.036

Yi Han , Bo Yang , Li-Yi Meng , Hyeong-Kyu Cho , Runsheng Lin , Xiao-Yong Wang

The growing environmental concerns associated with the high carbon emissions of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production, and the accumulation of industrial and marine waste materials, necessitate innovative solutions in the construction industry. This study evaluates the environmental feasibility of recycling industrial byproduct slag (BFS) and waste oyster shell powder (OSP) as alternative materials for traditional cement. The first to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impacts of concrete mixtures incorporating waste oyster shell powder (OSP) and blast furnace slag (BFS) using a combined Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. First, the RSM was used to design mixture ratios to balance performance with low environmental impact. Then, LCA was used to assess the environmental benefits from a "cradle-to-grave" perspective. The results indicate that adding OSP and BFS significantly reduces the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) of the mixtures. Specifically, when the incorporation levels of OSP and BFS increased, the reductions in GWP, AP and EP were 8.24–48.52 %, 7.37–36.42 %, and 6.45–31.11 %, respectively. However, the addition of OSP and BFS negatively impacted the ozone depletion potential (ODP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), since it increased the ODP and POCP by 16.89–48.27 % and 8.63–28.52 %, respectively. Additionally, the compressive strength of the mixtures was 29.78–47.67 MPa, which showed a general declining trend with increased substitution of cement with OSP and BFS. Thus, an optimization analysis of environmental impacts guided by compressive strength was conducted to optimize the balance between environmental impact and structural performance. For a compressive strength requirement of 35 MPa, the incorporation rates of OSP and BFS were relatively high (8.71 % and 37.78 %, respectively), and the environmental impact was relatively low. When the compressive strength requirement increased, the substitution rates of OSP and BFS gradually decreased, and the environmental impact increased. When the compressive strength requirement reached 45 MPa, the addition rates of OSP and BFS decreased to 4.49 % and 11.17 %, respectively. This research highlights the potential of using waste materials as functional substitutes in mixtures and contributes to sustainable construction practices while maintaining material performance.

普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）生产过程中产生的高碳排放以及工业和海洋废弃材料的积累引起了越来越多的环境问题，因此有必要在建筑行业采用创新的解决方案。本研究评估了回收工业副产品矿渣（BFS）和废弃牡蛎壳粉（OSP）作为传统水泥替代材料的环境可行性。该研究首次采用响应面法（RSM）和生命周期评估（LCA）相结合的方法，全面评估了掺入废牡蛎壳粉（OSP）和高炉矿渣（BFS）的混凝土混合物对环境的影响。首先，使用 RSM 设计混合物配比，以平衡性能和低环境影响。然后，使用生命周期评估从 "从摇篮到坟墓 "的角度评估环境效益。结果表明，添加 OSP 和 BFS 可显著降低混合物的全球升温潜能值 (GWP)、酸化潜能值 (AP) 和富营养化潜能值 (EP)。具体而言，当 OSP 和 BFS 的添加量增加时，全球升温潜能值、酸化潜能值和富营养化潜能值分别降低了 8.24-48.52%、7.37-36.42% 和 6.45-31.11%。然而，添加 OSP 和 BFS 会对臭氧消耗潜能值（ODP）和光化学臭氧生成潜能值（POCP）产生负面影响，因为 ODP 和 POCP 分别增加了 16.89-48.27 % 和 8.63-28.52 %。此外，混合物的抗压强度为 29.78-47.67 兆帕，随着 OSP 和 BFS 水泥替代量的增加，抗压强度呈总体下降趋势。因此，在抗压强度的指导下对环境影响进行了优化分析，以优化环境影响和结构性能之间的平衡。在抗压强度要求为 35 MPa 时，OSP 和 BFS 的掺入率相对较高（分别为 8.71 % 和 37.78 %），对环境的影响相对较小。当抗压强度要求增加时，OSP 和 BFS 的替代率逐渐降低，对环境的影响增加。当抗压强度要求达到 45 MPa 时，OSP 和 BFS 的添加率分别降至 4.49 % 和 11.17 %。这项研究凸显了在混合物中使用废弃材料作为功能替代品的潜力，有助于在保持材料性能的同时实现可持续的建筑实践。

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引用次数: 0

Response mechanism of sludge anaerobic fermentation on polyethylene terephthalate microplastic (PET-MPs) particle sizes 污泥厌氧发酵对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯微塑料（PET-MPs）粒径的响应机理

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.075

Guorun Zhou , Jingsi Gao , Xiao Huang , Shuai Zhang , Jun Wei , Xindong Teng , Zhihao Zheng

Residual microplastics (MPs) in wastewater sludge inevitably enter anaerobic digestion systems. However, information regarding the impact of microplastic particle size on the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) is rarely reported. To investigate the impact of MPs particle sizes on the WAS fermentation process, four sizes (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1 mm) of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs) were added into the sludge fermentation system, and results showed that PET-MPs sped up WAS cell fragmentation and hindered hydrolysis and acidification. This effect increased with smaller particle sizes. The production of volatile fatty acids decreased by 9.12–22.21 % in comparison to the control group. Small-sized PET-MPs did not significantly reduce the relative abundance of functional bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, but reduced their utilization of acidifiable organic matter and limited amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, small-sized PET-MPs exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the expression of key hydrolytic and acidogenic enzymes. This study is of significant importance in elucidating the effect of PET-MPs with varying particle sizes on the anaerobic fermentation process.

废水污泥中残留的微塑料（MPs）不可避免地进入厌氧消化系统。然而，关于微塑料粒径对废活性污泥厌氧发酵（WAS）的影响的信息很少报道。为了研究MPs粒径对WAS发酵过程的影响，在污泥发酵体系中加入4种粒径（0.15、0.3、0.6和1 mm）的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯微塑料（PET-MPs），结果表明PET-MPs加速了WAS细胞的破碎，阻碍了WAS细胞的水解和酸化。这种效应随着颗粒尺寸的减小而增强。与对照组相比，挥发性脂肪酸的产量下降了9.12-22.21 %。小型PET-MPs并没有显著降低变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门等功能细菌的相对丰度，但降低了它们对可酸化有机物的利用，并限制了氨基酸和碳水化合物的代谢。此外，小尺寸PET-MPs对关键水解酶和产酸酶的表达具有较强的抑制作用。本研究对于阐明不同粒径PET-MPs对厌氧发酵过程的影响具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization and degradation pathway of DEP in water by dielectric barrier discharge 介质阻挡放电降解水中DEP的优化途径

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.040

Xinjun Shen , Fan He , Siyu Zhang , Xu Gao , Cong Wang

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a chemical widely used in various materials. As a phthalic plasticizer, DEP has become a new pollutant in environment water. In this study, a double grounded dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to degrade DEP in wastewater. By adding packing materials into the discharge space, a new type of packed bed DBD plasma system was formed to enhance the discharge effect and improve the removal rate of DEP. The active sites of DEP were analyzed using reductive Fukui function, reductive double character description, and Mayer bond level. The reaction degradation pathways, including hydroxylation and cleavage reactions, were proposed. Overall, the new packed bed DBD plasma system is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical technology for the degradation of difficult-to-remove contaminants in water.

邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）是一种广泛应用于各种材料的化学品。作为一种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂，DEP 已成为环境水体中的一种新污染物。本研究采用双接地介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体来降解废水中的 DEP。通过在放电空间中加入填料，形成了一种新型填料床 DBD 等离子体系统，从而增强了放电效果，提高了对 DEP 的去除率。利用还原福井函数、还原双字符描述和梅尔键水平分析了 DEP 的活性位点。提出了包括羟化反应和裂解反应在内的反应降解途径。总之，新型填料床 DBD 等离子体系统是一种高效、环保、经济的降解水中难去除污染物的技术。

引用次数: 0

Zero waste applications for the apple processing wastes: Recovery of valuable compounds by supercritical CO2 and wastewater treatment by advanced oxidation 苹果加工废弃物的零废物应用：超临界CO2回收有价化合物和高级氧化废水处理

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.008

Mehmet Emin Argun , Mustafa Şamil Argun , Havva Ates , Fatma Nur Arslan , Özgür Çakmakcı , Bilgehan Nas , Süheyla Tongur

This study has focused on the characterization, recovery and treatment of apple processing wastes, which are important in terms of sustainability and circular economy. Apple processing wastewater (AW) was noted for its acidity (pH 4.2), high chemical oxygen demand (COD) (114 g/L), total solids (TS; 13.5 %) and oil/grease content (16.5 g/L), as well as the presence of valuable fatty acids and phenolics. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were determined in the wastewater as 1660 mg GAE/L, 421 mg QE/L and 2.1 mM TE, respectively. The extraction of phenolic compounds from AW and apple pomace (AP) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO₂) extraction was investigated as a first step. The results indicate that SC–CO₂ extraction is effective in recovering phenolic compounds from apple processing wastes. The extraction yields for AW and AP using SC–CO₂ reached up to 76 % and 43 % of the extractable oils, respectively. Recovery efficiencies of the TPC were observed to be up to 3.8 % for AW and 11.4 % for AP. Furthermore, the phenolic and fatty acid profiles of extracts were also evaluated, indicating the recovery of valuable compounds such as quercetin, catechin, procyanidin B2, ω–6 and ω–9 fatty acids. In terms of wastewater treatment, the use of ozone oxidation (OO) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for the removal of COD, suspended solids (SS), TPC and toxicity from AW were also investigated. The OO exhibited relatively low COD removal efficiency, while SCWO demonstrated high efficiency ranging from 84 % to 99.8 %. This study has revealed that while SCWO effectively removes COD, TPC, SS and color from fruit processing wastewater, OO demonstrates greater effectiveness in reducing toxicity in the Vibrio fischeri test.

这项研究的重点是苹果加工废料的特征描述、回收和处理，这对可持续发展和循环经济非常重要。苹果加工废水（AW）因其酸度（pH 值 4.2）、高化学需氧量（COD）（114 克/升）、总固形物（TS；13.5%）和油脂含量（16.5 克/升）以及存在有价值的脂肪酸和酚类物质而受到关注。经测定，废水中的总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）和抗氧化活性分别为 1660 mg GAE/L、421 mg QE/L 和 2.1 mM TE。作为第一步，研究了使用超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO2）萃取从 AW 和苹果渣（AP）中提取酚类化合物的方法。结果表明，超临界二氧化碳萃取能有效回收苹果加工废料中的酚类化合物。使用 SC-CO2 对 AW 和 AP 的萃取率分别达到了可萃取油的 76% 和 43%。据观察，AW 和 AP 的 TPC 回收率分别高达 3.8% 和 11.4%。此外，还对萃取物的酚类和脂肪酸概况进行了评估，结果表明回收了槲皮素、儿茶素、原花青素 B2、ω-6 和 ω-9 脂肪酸等有价值的化合物。在废水处理方面，还研究了使用臭氧氧化（OO）和超临界水氧化（SCWO）去除 AW 中的 COD、悬浮固体（SS）、TPC 和毒性。OO 的 COD 去除效率相对较低，而 SCWO 的去除效率较高，从 84% 到 99.8%不等。这项研究表明，虽然 SCWO 能有效去除水果加工废水中的 COD、TPC、SS 和色度，但 OO 在降低费氏弧菌试验中的毒性方面更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking the potential of dibenzylideneacetone-based inhibitor for designing excellent anti-corrosion system: Delve into the electrochemical behavior and interfacial mechanism 释放二苄基丙酮基缓蚀剂设计优良防腐体系的潜力：深入研究其电化学行为和界面机理

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.003

Rajae Salim , Rachid Salghi , Ayoub Mouhib , Bouchra Es-Sounni , Elhachmia Ech-chihbi , Mohamed Bakhouch , Badr El-Haitout , Chaimae Kerdoune , Belkheir Hammouti , Maryam Chafiq , Abdelkarim Chaouiki , Young Gun Ko

Despite the potential engineering benefits of the concurrent presence of organic substances in protecting vulnerable metallic materials from corrosive environments, both their interaction and the mechanism underlying the formation of the functional protective film remains less understood. For this purpose, (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one (DPO) and 2,6-bis((E)-4-chlorobenzylidene)cyclohexan-1-one (CBO) were synthesized and employed as environmentally friendly inhibitors for C38 steel in a 15 % HCl solution. The aim was to regulate the corrosion kinetics and investigate how the geometric structure resulting from the heterocyclization of dibenzylideneacetone affected its interaction with the metallic surface. Weight loss method and electrochemical measurements were evaluated to estimate the protective behavior of DPO and CBO molecules and to build an excellent anti-corrosion system. The outcomes revealed that CBO inhibitors exhibited high resistance compared to DPO molecules. This performance is described by an inhibition percentage of 96 % at a concentration of 10⁻³ M. Indeed, this outcome can be explained by the presence of chloride atoms, as well as the cyclic ring enhancing the surface coverage by these molecules. The barrier film resulting from the adsorption of CBO inhibitors provides strong prevention and extraordinary corrosion performance. Computational calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), density functional based tight-binding (DFTB), and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to predict the interfacial mechanism and adsorption behavior of DPO and CBO on the metal surface. These advanced computational techniques enable a thorough examination of the interactions between the organic inhibitors and the metal substrates, offering insights into both the mechanistic pathways and energetics involved in the adsorption process. The results reinforce the understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of DPO and CBO, shedding light on how these substances may effectively mitigate corrosion processes in practical applications.

尽管有机物质的同时存在在保护脆弱的金属材料免受腐蚀环境影响方面具有潜在的工程效益，但人们对它们之间的相互作用以及功能性保护膜的形成机理仍然知之甚少。为此，我们合成了 (1E,4E)-1,5-二苯基戊-1,4-二烯-3-酮 (DPO) 和 2,6-双((E)-4-氯亚苄基)环己烷-1-酮 (CBO)，并将其用作 15% HCl 溶液中 C38 钢的环境友好型抑制剂。目的是调节腐蚀动力学，并研究二亚苄基丙酮杂环化产生的几何结构如何影响其与金属表面的相互作用。研究人员采用失重法和电化学测量法评估了 DPO 和 CBO 分子的保护行为，并建立了一个出色的防腐蚀体系。结果表明，与 DPO 分子相比，CBO 抑制剂表现出较高的抗腐蚀性。在浓度为 10-3 M 时，抑制率为 96%。事实上，这一结果可以用氯原子的存在以及环状环增强了这些分子的表面覆盖率来解释。CBO 抑制剂吸附后形成的阻挡膜具有很强的防腐蚀能力和非凡的腐蚀性能。为了预测 DPO 和 CBO 在金属表面的界面机理和吸附行为，我们进行了基于密度泛函理论 (DFT)、密度泛函紧密结合 (DFTB) 和分子动力学 (MD) 模拟的计算。通过这些先进的计算技术，可以对有机抑制剂与金属基底之间的相互作用进行深入研究，从而深入了解吸附过程中涉及的机理途径和能量学。这些结果加深了人们对 DPO 和 CBO 吸附机理的理解，为这些物质如何在实际应用中有效减缓腐蚀过程提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of soil heavy metals in Raniganj open-cast coal mines in India: Spatial distribution, Positive Matrix Factorization and Monte Carlo Simulation 印度Raniganj露天煤矿土壤重金属评价：空间分布、正矩阵分解和蒙特卡罗模拟

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.039

Silvia Dutta , Manish Kumar Jain , Dheeraj Kumar

Surface mining and its associated industries exhibits substantial risks to both ecosystems and human health. This study employed multiple statistical analyses, interpolation techniques, Positive Matrix Factorization model, pollution indices, and Monte Carlo Simulations. This demonstrates source identification, spatial distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg, As, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, and Pb), and their consequences on native ecosystem and human environment in the Raniganj, India. During the hot and dry summer season, 108 soil samples were collected from active and inactive overburden dumps, reclaimed areas, agricultural soils, and ground control points across 11 mines. The high variance and wide concentration ranges suggest that heavy metals were introduced into the soil primarily through mining activities. PMF model revealed various heavy metal sources i.e., coal mining (69.4 %): Cr; dust settlement (1.8 %): Zn; anthropogenic sources (11.6 %): Cu; emissions from coal conveyor belts and vehicle (12 %): Pb; natural sources (4.9 %): Mn; industrial sources (37.3 %): Hg. Monte Carlo Simulation model demonstrated probabilities of carcinogenic health risks as 97.6 % (Cd), 86.1 % (Cr), and 69.9 % (As), in children but not in adults. This study uniquely help in managing pollution sources, protecting the environment, and promoting sustainable practices in industrial region.

露天采矿及其相关产业对生态系统和人类健康都存在重大风险。本研究采用多元统计分析、插值技术、正矩阵分解模型、污染指数和蒙特卡罗模拟。本文阐述了印度Raniganj地区重金属（Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As、Cu、Co、Mn、Ni和Pb）的来源识别、空间分布及其对当地生态系统和人类环境的影响。在炎热干燥的夏季，从11个矿山的活跃和非活跃覆盖堆、复垦区、农业土壤和地面控制点收集了108个土壤样本。高变异和宽浓度范围表明重金属主要是通过采矿活动进入土壤的。PMF模型揭示了多种重金属来源，即煤炭开采（69.4% %）：Cr；粉尘沉降（1.8 %）：Zn；人为来源（11.6 %）：铜；煤炭输送带和车辆排放（12 %）：Pb；天然来源（4.9 %）：Mn；工业来源（37.3 %）：汞。蒙特卡罗模拟模型显示，儿童的致癌健康风险概率为97.6% % （Cd）、86.1% % （Cr）和69.9% % (as)，但成人没有。该研究对工业地区的污染源管理、环境保护和可持续发展具有独特的帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential of industrial and municipal wastes for the development of alternative fuel source: A review

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.102

Wan Melissa Diyana Wan Normazlan , Archina Buthiyappan , Farahin Mohd Jais , Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman

The recovery of resources from industrial and domestic waste presents prospects for the recovery of materials and energy, with the production of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) becoming a significant approach. This review addresses the possibilities of different wastes serving as alternative fuels for energy intensive industries, especially in power generation and cement production, emphasising the calorific value and compositional components which influence the suitability of the waste. A comprehensive analysis of municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and agricultural residues revealed significant insights, indicating that plastic and tire waste, characterised by increased calorific values, are particularly appropriate for RDF, yet necessitating stringent emission management. Conversely, organic wastes characterised by reduced calorific values, like food waste, may be improved via pretreatment methods. The research indicates that the integration of RDF with conventional fuels or biomass enhances the calorific value for industrial uses. Insights emphasise the capability of solid waste to serve as an alternative to fossil fuels while stressing the significance of optimisation approaches to manage the variability in waste composition. The review underscores the importance of further research on RDF's economic viability and environmental impact to provide a comprehensive understanding for stakeholders.

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引用次数: 0

Calcinated sea urchin shell waste for rapid phosphate removal from greywater for application to nature-based systems

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.116

Moeen Gholami , Aisling D. O’Sullivan , Hamish R. Mackey

Nature-based decentralised solutions (NBDS) have been trialled for greywater treatment, but their adoption for this is limited due to their inefficient phosphorus removal. To enhance NBDS like green walls, and closely align their engineered designs with Sustainable Development Goals, repurposing waste materials within them is important. This study evaluated the effectiveness of using sea urchin waste shells to remove phosphate from greywater. Modifying the raw waste shells into calcinated shells at 800 °C substantially increased their phosphate adsorption capacity (q_e) from 0.69 to 13 mg P/g and phosphate removal equilibrium was achieved within three minutes. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was 41.98 mg P/g with a removal efficiency of 98 %. Material characterisation of the shells from XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS analyses revealed that phosphate removal primarily occurred through co-precipitation with Ca^2 +. The effects of shell adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, calcination temperature, and presence of co-existing pollutants on phosphate adsorption capacity, were investigated. A Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic best described phosphorus removal behaviour. Chemical equilibrium modelling using Visual MINTEQ confirmed the phosphate precipitation process. These results demonstrate waste sea urchin shells' potential for rapid, effective phosphate removal in NBDS for greywater treatment.

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