Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献_第7页

Generation mechanism and deposition behavior of ejected particles during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway 锂离子电池热失控过程中喷射颗粒的产生机理及沉积行为

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108561

Chengshan Xu , Zhenwei Wei , Jian Yao , Anwei Zhang , Niya Ma , Biheng Xie , Lianbing Peng , Borui Lu , Xuning Feng , Minggao Ouyang

Jet ejection during thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries typically involves flammable gases and high-temperature particles. These particles not only act as ignition sources for combustible gases but may also deposit within the system, leading to short circuits, arcing, and potentially more severe secondary hazards. Existing studies on particles have primarily focused on post-event collection and analysis leaving the dynamic generation mechanisms and distribution patterns during thermal runaway insufficiently understood. This gap hinders the development of precise prevention and mitigation strategies. In this study, the mechanisms underlying solid particle formation throughout the entire thermal runaway process are first elucidated based on the sequence of thermal reactions. High-speed imaging is then employed to capture the ejection process, revealing the particle motion patterns within the gas jet. Finally, thermal runaway experiments conducted in a sealed box characterize the deposition behavior and spatial distribution of particles. The results indicate that ejected particles originate from reaction products such as C, NiO, CoO, MnO, Li₂O, and Li₂CO₃. High-temperature particles are capable of igniting flammable gases, triggering combustion or explosion events. High-velocity gas jets can fragment structural components such as copper foils, producing large particulate debris. Sealed box experiments show that particles larger than 2 mm predominantly settle near the battery. In contrast, finer particles (<0.6 mm), driven by turbulent gas flow, are more likely to accumulate in corners or adhere to the top and side walls of the enclosure. This study provides a scientific basis for developing protection strategies against particle ejection during battery thermal runaway.

锂离子电池热失控过程中的喷射通常涉及易燃气体和高温颗粒。这些颗粒不仅是可燃气体的点火源，而且还可能沉积在系统内，导致短路、电弧和潜在的更严重的二次危害。现有的粒子研究主要集中在事后收集和分析，对热失控过程中的动态生成机制和分布模式了解不足。这一差距阻碍了制定精确的预防和缓解战略。在本研究中，基于热反应的顺序，首次阐明了整个热失控过程中固体颗粒形成的机制。然后采用高速成像捕捉喷射过程，揭示气体射流中的粒子运动模式。最后，在密封箱中进行了热失控实验，表征了颗粒的沉积行为和空间分布。结果表明，喷射颗粒来源于C、NiO、CoO、MnO、Li2O和Li2CO3等反应产物。高温颗粒能够点燃可燃气体，引发燃烧或爆炸事件。高速气体射流可以破坏结构部件，如铜箔，产生大颗粒碎片。密封箱实验表明，大于2 mm的颗粒主要沉降在电池附近。相比之下，在湍流气流的驱动下，更细的颗粒（0.6 mm）更有可能积聚在角落或粘附在外壳的顶部和侧壁上。该研究为电池热失控过程中颗粒抛射保护策略的制定提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Role of titanium dioxide in attenuating enrofloxacin adsorption on hypercrosslinked polymers: Implications for strategies to reduce adsorption efficiency loss 二氧化钛在降低恩诺沙星在高交联聚合物上吸附中的作用：降低吸附效率损失策略的意义

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108559

Zhiyong Guo , Yuanhui Bai , Lu Wang , Xin Lyu , Liwen Zhang , Yakun Wang , Dianjia Liu

Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), a class of nanoporous materials with broad practical and potential application value, have been explored for the adsorption of organic micropollutants from wastewater. However, the influence of metal nanoparticles, which are commonly present in wastewater, on the adsorption performance of HCPs remains unclear. In this study, statistical physical modeling was employed to investigate the inhibitory effect of TiO₂ on the adsorption of enrofloxacin (ENR) on HCPs. Results demonstrated that the TiO₂ reduced the adsorption capacity of HCPs for ENR by up to 20.3 %. Mechanistic analysis revealed that TiO₂ inhibited ENR uptake by suppressing pore filling, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. To mitigate this loss in adsorption efficiency, we propose three strategic measures, including optimization of HCP design, regulation of system pH, and pre-removal of metal nanoparticles. Our findings provide valuable insights into the impact of metal nanoparticles on the performance of emerging adsorbents, thereby contributing to the optimization of wastewater treatment processes targeting organic micropollutants.

超交联聚合物（HCPs）作为一类具有广泛实用性和潜在应用价值的纳米多孔材料，在吸附废水中的有机微污染物方面得到了广泛的研究。然而，废水中普遍存在的金属纳米颗粒对HCPs吸附性能的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用统计物理模型研究TiO2对恩诺沙星（ENR）在HCPs上吸附的抑制作用。结果表明，TiO2使HCPs对ENR的吸附量降低了20.3% %。机制分析表明TiO2通过抑制孔隙填充、π -π相互作用和氢键作用抑制ENR的摄取。为了减轻这种吸附效率的损失，我们提出了三个策略措施，包括优化HCP设计，调节系统pH和预去除金属纳米颗粒。我们的研究结果为金属纳米颗粒对新兴吸附剂性能的影响提供了有价值的见解，从而有助于优化针对有机微污染物的废水处理工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic pathways and influencing factors in the liquefaction of single and mixed plastics toward waste-to-energy conversion: A structured and critical review 单塑料和混合塑料液化的机制途径和影响因素：结构和关键综述

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108542

Arvin Ayazi, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah, Zulhelmi Amir, Arash Javanmard

Hydrothermal plastic liquefaction is recognized as a promising approach for the conversion of waste polymers to fuels and high-value chemicals. Despite recent advancements, an in-depth understanding of governing mechanisms continues to encounter fundamental challenges. This review systematically explores 599 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 and provides a structured and critical analysis of single-component, multi-layer and mixture of polymers including municipal solid waste from a mechanistic perspective. This study also explores the combined influence of polymer and reactor types, process operating conditions, solvent categories and the role of water in different thermodynamic states. The findings from this review demonstrate that differences in feedstocks, equipment, and reaction conditions impede the formulation of a scientifically reliable mechanism. Despite these insights, critical gaps persist in understanding the governing reaction pathways for polymer mixtures, solvent polarity effects, polymer decomposition thermal behavior modeling, synergistic or antagonistic effects of multi-layer polymers and deep learning for tuning kinetic model parameters. This article is useful for kinetic modeling and serves as an important source for researchers who work on thermochemical conversion. In addition to theoretical contributions, these findings have practical applications by supporting the process intensification and scale-up of HTL technology for industrial plastic waste valorization.

水热塑料液化被认为是将废弃聚合物转化为燃料和高价值化学品的一种有前途的方法。尽管最近取得了一些进展，但对治理机制的深入理解仍然面临着根本性的挑战。本综述系统地探讨了2015年至2025年间发表的599篇同行评审文章，并从机械角度对包括城市固体废物在内的单组分、多层和混合聚合物进行了结构化和批判性的分析。本研究还探讨了聚合物和反应器类型、工艺操作条件、溶剂种类以及水在不同热力学状态下的作用的综合影响。本综述的研究结果表明，原料、设备和反应条件的差异阻碍了科学可靠机制的制定。尽管有了这些见解，但在了解聚合物混合物的控制反应途径、溶剂极性效应、聚合物分解热行为建模、多层聚合物的协同或拮抗效应以及调整动力学模型参数的深度学习方面仍然存在关键空白。这篇文章有助于动力学建模，并为从事热化学转化研究的人员提供重要资料。除了理论贡献外，这些发现还具有实际应用价值，支持HTL技术在工业塑料废物增值中的过程强化和规模扩大。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the carbonation performance and mechanism of steel slag modified by acid-producing microorganisms synergized with red mud 产酸微生物与赤泥协同改性钢渣的碳化性能及机理研究

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108558

Q.W. Zhan , H.W. Ding , X.Y. Wang , H.T. Hu , Z.L. Jin

Steel slag (SS) and sintering red mud (SRM), as common industrial solid wastes, were underutilized due to their low reactivity, leading to resource wastage and environmental pollution. In this study, SS was acidified and modified using lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria, promoting the leaching of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, thereby enhancing its reactivity. The results indicated that the growth of lactic acid bacteria in LB medium was divided into a lag phase (0–4 h), a log phase (4–24 h), and a stationary phase (24–32 h). After 36 h of cultivation, the pH of the bacterial solution decreased from 7.02 to 3.44. The bacterial solution obtained from cultivation with a 20% inoculation was used for modification, resulting in Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations of 72.4 mmol/L and 3.7 mmol/L in the leachate, respectively. Subsequently, due to the low pH of modified steel slag (MSS) affecting its carbonation, the addition of SRM was used to study the changes in the carbonation capacity of the SRM-MSS system. The results showed that when the SRM content was 20%, the system reached its maximum carbonation capacity. A total of 201.16 kg of CO₂ was fixed per ton of SRM-MSS, showing a 95.62% improvement in carbonation efficiency compared to SS. Additionally, the proportion of macropores was reduced from 55.78% to 22.41%, while mesopores increased from 44.22% to 77.59 %. The total pore volume per gram decreased from 1.468 × 10⁻² to 5.8 × 10⁻³ cm³, reducing the pore volume by 60.59 %. The optimization of the pore structure is expected to be beneficial for the enhancement of its mechanical properties. This study demonstrates a novel and environmentally benign approach for co-utilizing SS and SRM, achieving efficient CO₂ sequestration while enhancing the microstructure of the carbonated product. The proposed method offers a promising pathway for large-scale resource recovery and carbon reduction in the steel and aluminum industries.

钢渣（SS）和烧结赤泥（SRM）作为常见的工业固体废物，由于其反应性较低而未得到充分利用，造成了资源浪费和环境污染。本研究利用乳酸菌产生的乳酸对SS进行酸化和改性，促进了Ca2+和Mg2+的浸出，从而增强了其反应性。结果表明，乳酸菌在LB培养基中的生长分为滞后期（0-4 h）、对数期（4-24 h）和固定期（24-32 h）。培养36 h后，菌液pH由7.02降至3.44。将接种率为20%的培养菌液进行修饰，使渗滤液中Ca2+和Mg2+浓度分别达到72.4 mmol/L和3.7 mmol/L。随后，由于改性钢渣（MSS）的pH过低影响其碳化，采用添加SRM的方法研究了SRM-MSS体系碳化能力的变化。结果表明，当SRM含量为20%时，体系达到最大碳酸化能力。每吨SRM-MSS共固定201.16 kg CO₂，碳化效率比SS提高95.62%，大孔比例从55.78%降低到22.41%，中孔比例从44.22%提高到77.59 %。每克总孔容从1.468 × 10⁻²下降到5.8 × 10⁻³cm³，孔容减少了60.59 %。孔隙结构的优化有利于提高其力学性能。该研究展示了一种新型的、环保的方法来共同利用SS和SRM，在提高碳化产物微观结构的同时实现有效的CO 2封存。该方法为钢铁和铝工业的大规模资源回收和碳减排提供了一条有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Pioneering next-gen 3D-printed ceramic membranes by upcycling waste coal fly ash via solvent-based slurry stereolithography for wastewater treatment 开创性的新一代3d打印陶瓷膜，通过溶剂基浆料立体光刻升级回收废煤粉煤灰用于废水处理

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108554

Mithilesh Pasawan , Shiao-Shing Chen , Bhanupriya Das , Satinder K. Brar

Traditional technologies for the fabrication of ceramic membranes (CMs) from waste materials such as coal fly ash (CFA) face significant limitations, including intricate design requirements, uncontrolled pore size, complex pore structures, and challenges in scalability. To address these issues, this study pioneers an innovative approach by employing 3D printing technology for fabricating advanced membranes using CFA and CFA-derived hydrosodalite (HS) (CFA_HS) zeolite as raw material. The feasibility and printability of CFA and CFA_HS optimizing parameters such as slurry rheology, particle size distribution, and sintering protocols to achieve thermally and structurally stable membranes is systematically investigated. The CFA and CFA_HS zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 1.2 was utilized by advanced layer-by-layer (each layer 30μm) 3D printing technology to construct CMs. Highly customizable architecture from non-patterned to patterned structured membranes was achieved with tailored properties such as porosity and thickness. Application of the non-patterned CFA and CFA_HS membranes on turbid denim industry wastewater with high color reveals effective clarification and decolorization with steady-state fluxes of 16.6 LMH/bar, and 152 LMH/bar, respectively. Overall, 3D-printed CMs overcomes key challenges in conventional module development and holds tremendous promise for mass production for addressing global water scarcity in the decades ahead.

利用粉煤灰（CFA）等废料制备陶瓷膜的传统技术面临着很大的局限性，包括复杂的设计要求、不受控制的孔径、复杂的孔结构以及可扩展性方面的挑战。为了解决这些问题，本研究开创了一种创新的方法，采用3D打印技术，以CFA和CFA衍生的水钠石（HS）（CFAHS）沸石为原料，制造先进的膜。系统地研究了CFA和CFAHS优化浆液流变、粒度分布和烧结方案等参数以获得热稳定和结构稳定膜的可行性和可打印性。利用Si/Al比为1.2的CFA和CFAHS沸石，采用先进的逐层（每层30μm） 3D打印技术构建cm。高度可定制的结构，从无图案到图案结构膜，具有定制的特性，如孔隙度和厚度。无图案CFA膜和CFAHS膜对高色度混浊牛仔布工业废水的澄清脱色效果较好，稳态通量分别为16.6 LMH/bar和152 LMH/bar。总体而言，3d打印CMs克服了传统模块开发中的关键挑战，并为未来几十年解决全球水资源短缺问题提供了大规模生产的巨大希望。

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引用次数: 0

Catalyst innovations and mechanism in photocatalytic dry reforming of methane: Recent advances and perspectives 甲烷光催化干重整催化剂创新及其机理研究进展与展望

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108550

Osarieme Uyi Osazuwa , Kim Hoong Ng , Dai-Viet N. Vo , Yoke Wang Cheng

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) converts CH₄ and CO₂ into valuable syngas, offering environmental benefits and a practical route to exploit carbon capture streams. However, its endothermic nature and coking severely limit scalability. To overcome this, photocatalytic dry reforming of methane (PDRM) harnesses photon energy, boosting activity and stability under milder conditions. In pursuit of effective PDRM catalysts, a wide range of catalyst designs have been explored, such as metal‑on‑mixed‑oxide, metal‑on‑oxide, metal‑on‑mixed‑support, metal‑on‑oxide heterojunctions, encapsulated‑metal/zeolite (core‑shell) structures, engineered support structures, multi‑metallic alloys on 2‑D heterostructures, perovskites, metal‑on‑perovskite, 2D‑2D carbon‑based hybrids, metal‑free porous organic polymers, morphology‑controlled oxide supports, and bimetallic catalysts on carbon‑oxide composites. Building on this design diversity, case studies show impressive results. For instance, a Rh#CeO₂ nanocomposite with an intertwined ≈ 5 nm Rh‑CeO₂ network and a 2.7 eV bandgap achieved >60 % CH₄ conversion, remained stable for >100 h, and showed no side reactions under UV light. Further reviews uncovered a range of pathways such as oxygen-vacancy mediation, charge-separated redox, dual-site charge-separated redox, Z‑scheme charge transfer, Schottky-barrier assistance, dual-site push‑pull charge transfer, hot‑carrier/near-field enhancement, carbonate-mediated bifunctional route, and HCOO-intermediate pathway highlighting how these mechanisms collectively enable efficient, sustainable syngas production under mild conditions and paving the way for further PDRM advances.

甲烷干重整（DRM）将CH4和CO2转化为有价值的合成气，提供了环境效益和开发碳捕获流的实用途径。然而，它的吸热性质和结焦严重限制了可扩展性。为了克服这个问题，光催化甲烷干重整（PDRM）利用光子能量，在较温和的条件下提高活性和稳定性。为了追求有效的PDRM催化剂，已经探索了各种各样的催化剂设计，例如金属- on -混合氧化物、金属- on -氧化物、金属- on -混合载体、金属- on -氧化物异质结、封装金属/沸石（核壳）结构、工程支撑结构、2D异质结构上的多金属合金、钙钛矿、金属- on -钙钛矿、2D - 2D碳基杂化物、无金属多孔有机聚合物、形态控制的氧化物载体、以及碳氧化物复合材料上的双金属催化剂。基于这种设计多样性，案例研究显示了令人印象深刻的结果。例如，具有缠绕≈ 5 nm的Rh - CeO2网络和2.7 eV带隙的Rh#CeO2纳米复合材料实现了>；60 %的CH4转化率，在>；100 h内保持稳定，并且在紫外光下没有副反应。进一步的综述揭示了一系列的途径，如氧空位介导、电荷分离氧化还原、双位点电荷分离氧化还原、Z - scheme电荷转移、schottkey势垒辅助、双位点推拉电荷转移、热载流子/近场增强、碳化物介导的双功能途径和hco -中间体途径，强调了这些机制如何共同实现在温和条件下高效、可持续的合成气生产，并为PDRM的进一步发展铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Improved remediation mechanism of groundwater circulation wells based on ultrasonic permeability enhancement 基于超声增渗的地下水循环井改进修复机制

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108530

Yan Zhao , Liu Yang , Siyuan Li , Mingxiu Ji , Ruipeng Dong

Global groundwater systems face escalating organic contamination crises, threatening ecological security and human health. Groundwater circulation well (GCW) technology, an innovative in-situ remediation approach, uses hydraulic circulation to mobilize contaminants and synergizes with chemical oxidation for enhanced degradation. However, its practical application faces critical challenges, including a restricted remediation radius of influence, uneven oxidant distribution, and persistent contamination residues caused by preferential flow bypassing low-permeability zones. Theoretical evidence suggests that ultrasound technology could overcome these limitations through cavitation and mechanical vibrations, resulting in the restructuring of pore structure. While proven effective in enhancing the permeability of consolidated rock formations, the synergistic mechanisms between ultrasound and GCW systems, particularly in sandy aquifers, remain systematically unverified. This study systematically elucidates the mechanisms underlying ultrasound-enhanced GCW remediation through an integrated multi-scale experimental framework: (1) Microstructural characterization through NMR-coupled column experiments quantifying porosity and hydraulic conductivity enhancement; (2) Mesoscale transport analysis employing 2D sandbox simulations to investigate the expansion mechanisms of remediation radius under ultrasound-GCW coupled operation; and (3) Synergistic investigation through an innovative ultrasound-GCW-chemical oxidation system evaluating degradation efficiency and interaction mechanisms. This study confirms the permeability enhancement effect of ultrasonic stimulation in unconsolidated aquifers and demonstrates the improved contaminant remediation effectiveness of the GCW-ultrasound coupled system. These findings not only significantly expand the engineering application prospects of GCW-coupled remediation technology but also provide theoretical and technical support for the effective treatment of organic pollution in low-permeability zone aquifers.

全球地下水系统面临着不断升级的有机污染危机，威胁着生态安全和人类健康。地下水循环井（GCW）技术是一种创新的原位修复方法，利用水力循环来调动污染物，并与化学氧化协同作用以增强降解。然而，它的实际应用面临着严峻的挑战，包括修复影响半径有限，氧化剂分布不均匀，以及由于优先流绕过低渗透层而导致的持久性污染残留。理论证据表明，超声技术可以通过空化和机械振动来克服这些限制，从而导致孔隙结构的重组。虽然已被证明在提高固结岩层的渗透率方面是有效的，但超声波和GCW系统之间的协同机制，特别是在砂质含水层中，仍未得到系统的验证。本研究通过集成的多尺度实验框架，系统阐明超声增强GCW修复的机制：(1)通过核磁共振耦合柱实验表征微观结构，量化孔隙度和水力导率的增强；(2)利用二维沙盒模拟中尺度输运分析，探讨超声- gcw耦合作用下修复半径的扩展机制；(3)通过创新的超声- gcw -化学氧化系统进行协同研究，评估降解效率和相互作用机制。本研究证实了超声刺激在疏松含水层中的增渗效果，证明了超声-超耦合系统对污染物的修复效果有所提高。这些发现不仅显著拓展了gcw耦合修复技术的工程应用前景，也为有效治理低渗透带含水层有机污染提供了理论和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Hazard of Thermal Runaway Ejection in Lithium-ion Batteries and Passive Protection Strategies 锂离子电池热失控抛射危害及被动保护策略

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108552

Juan Yang, Yanpeng Liang, Yu Yang, Heran Wang, Xin Yang, Jiang Xie, Qingsong Zhang

引用次数: 0

Regeneration technologies for activated carbon saturated with tetracycline hydrochloride 盐酸四环素饱和活性炭的再生技术

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108557

Han Yu , Yu Jiang , Wenxiao Huang , Guan Wang , Zhanqiang Fang

Comparative studies on muffle furnace thermal regeneration and microwave regeneration of antibiotic-saturated granular activated carbon (GAC) remain limited, and the mechanisms underlying their differences are still unclear. This study employed coconut-shell GAC saturated with tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) to comparatively evaluate its regeneration performance under the two heating modes. Regeneration temperatures and holding times were varied, and regeneration efficiency, iodine value, and carbon loss were used to evaluate regeneration performance, while changes across 20 regeneration cycles were also examined. The results showed that the muffle furnace regeneration technology achieved the highest regeneration efficiency of 94.4 % at 600°C for 60 min, which was significantly higher than the 63.9 % obtained by microwave regeneration technology at 600°C for 80 min. During cyclic regeneration, thermal regeneration maintained higher regeneration performance but gradually declined to approximately 40 % by the 20th cycle, accompanied by cumulative carbon loss exceeding 35 %, whereas microwave regeneration exhibited generally lower and more unstable regeneration performance but maintained minimal carbon loss (<5 %). Characterization results revealed that the two regeneration methods differed in pore structure recovery and changes in surface functional groups, with muffle furnace regeneration enabling more complete removal of pore-blocking residues and more effective restoration of microporosity. Overall, muffle furnace thermal regeneration restored the adsorption performance of TCH-saturated GAC more effectively, providing guidance for selecting efficient regeneration methods in water treatment applications.

抗生素饱和颗粒活性炭（GAC）的马弗炉热再生和微波再生的比较研究仍然有限，其差异的机制尚不清楚。本研究采用饱和盐酸四环素（TCH）椰壳GAC，比较了其在两种加热方式下的再生性能。不同的再生温度和保温时间，用再生效率、碘值和碳损失来评估再生性能，并研究了20个再生周期的变化。结果表明，马弗炉再生技术在600℃、60 min时再生效率最高，达到94.4 %，显著高于微波再生技术在600℃、80 min时的63.9 %。在循环再生过程中，热再生保持较高的再生性能，但到第20个循环时逐渐下降到约40 %，累计碳损失超过35 %，而微波再生的再生性能普遍较低且更不稳定，但碳损失保持在最小（<5 %）。表征结果表明，两种再生方法在孔隙结构恢复和表面官能团变化方面存在差异，马弗炉再生可以更彻底地去除孔隙堵塞残留物，更有效地恢复微孔隙。总体而言，马弗炉热再生更有效地恢复了饱和tch GAC的吸附性能，为水处理应用中选择高效的再生方法提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress and prospects on refractory materials prepared from high-carbon ferrochrome slag: A review 高碳铬铁渣制备耐火材料的研究进展与展望

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108555

Zhiqiang Yang , Zhiyun Ji , Xiaohui Fan , Min Gan , Qiang Li , Yuanjie Zhao , Xiaoxian Huang , Zengqing Sun , Xuling Chen , Zhenxiang Feng

High-carbon ferrochrome slag (HFCS) is a large-volume hazardous metallurgical by-product. HFCS is rich in MgO, Al₂O₃, and spinel phases, which provide excellent thermal and chemical stability. However, the chromium-containing components in HFCS need careful environmental assessment due to potential hazards. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, phase evolution, and high-temperature behavior of HFCS-based refractory materials. It also analyzes key influencing factors, including composition, MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio, sintering conditions, and additive selection. The formation of high-melting spinel and forsterite phases improves refractoriness, thermal shock resistance, and slag corrosion resistance. These phases also help stabilize Cr (III) within spinel lattices and reduce chromium leaching during regular operation. Continuous forsterite frameworks limit liquid-phase formation at high temperatures, thereby enhancing structural reliability and lowering the risk of rapid refractory deterioration. However, high slag basicity, CaO-rich environments, and strongly oxidizing atmospheres can destabilize chromium-containing phases and increase the risk of dangerous chromium release. Challenges remain, including feedstock variability, long-term chromium stability, and the absence of standardized assessment protocols. Future HFCS research should focus on designing refractory compositions, controlling microstructure, utilizing multiple solid waste streams synergistically, and developing new refractory materials. These efforts should be complemented by long-term leaching studies, life-cycle analyses, and pilot-scale testing to ensure safety and sustainability in industrial applications.

高碳铬铁渣是一种体积较大的冶金副产物。HFCS富含MgO、Al2O3和尖晶石相，具有优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性。然而，由于高果糖玉米糖浆中的含铬成分存在潜在危害，需要进行仔细的环境评估。本文综述了氢氟碳化物基耐火材料的合成、相演化和高温性能方面的最新进展。分析了主要影响因素，包括组成、MgO/Al2O3比、烧结条件和添加剂的选择。高熔点尖晶石和橄榄石相的形成提高了耐火度、抗热震性和抗渣蚀性。这些相还有助于稳定尖晶石晶格内的Cr (III)，并在常规操作中减少铬的浸出。连续的forsterite框架限制了高温下液相的形成，从而提高了结构的可靠性，降低了耐火材料快速变质的风险。然而，高矿渣碱度、富cao环境和强氧化气氛会使含铬相不稳定，增加危险铬释放的风险。挑战依然存在，包括原料的可变性、长期铬的稳定性以及缺乏标准化的评估方案。未来HFCS的研究应集中在耐火材料成分设计、微观结构控制、多种固体废物流协同利用、新型耐火材料开发等方面。这些努力应辅以长期浸出研究、生命周期分析和中试规模试验，以确保工业应用的安全性和可持续性。

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