The operating conditions of compressor systems used in shale gas fields are variable. To enhance the performance of anomaly detection methods, it is crucial to capture the running state inside compressor and set an adaptive threshold. This paper proposes an anomaly detection framework for compressor systems under variable operating conditions, using multi-source variables, based on batch-normalized variational autoencoders (VAE) and optimized extreme value theory (EVT). Firstly, the multi-source input variables are obtained by combining secondary variables constructed based on thermodynamic principles and primary variables from the programmable logic controller (PLC) system. Then, the anomaly scores are obtained based on the batch-normalized VAE. Finally, an adaptive threshold is established based on the optimized EVT for anomaly detection. The method is validated using two real datasets, since all of the performance metrics on both datasets exceeded 96 %, which indicates that the proposed method can accurately identify anomalies in compressor systems under variable operating conditions. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-source data and adaptive EVT-based threshold are also discussed. The results show that multi-source data can more directly reflect the working state inside compressors. And the EVT-based threshold can accurately follow the fluctuation of anomaly scores, to provide dynamic criteria for the model.
{"title":"Anomaly detection for compressor systems under variable operating conditions","authors":"Qian Lv, Xiaoling Yu, Haihui Ma, Menghua Zhang, Junchao Ye, Zhiyuan Jiang, Guobin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.068","url":null,"abstract":"The operating conditions of compressor systems used in shale gas fields are variable. To enhance the performance of anomaly detection methods, it is crucial to capture the running state inside compressor and set an adaptive threshold. This paper proposes an anomaly detection framework for compressor systems under variable operating conditions, using multi-source variables, based on batch-normalized variational autoencoders (VAE) and optimized extreme value theory (EVT). Firstly, the multi-source input variables are obtained by combining secondary variables constructed based on thermodynamic principles and primary variables from the programmable logic controller (PLC) system. Then, the anomaly scores are obtained based on the batch-normalized VAE. Finally, an adaptive threshold is established based on the optimized EVT for anomaly detection. The method is validated using two real datasets, since all of the performance metrics on both datasets exceeded 96 %, which indicates that the proposed method can accurately identify anomalies in compressor systems under variable operating conditions. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-source data and adaptive EVT-based threshold are also discussed. The results show that multi-source data can more directly reflect the working state inside compressors. And the EVT-based threshold can accurately follow the fluctuation of anomaly scores, to provide dynamic criteria for the model.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.067
Min Gan, Lincheng Liu, Zengqing Sun, Xiaohui Fan, Zitan Gao, Zhiyun Ji, Ruirui Yuan, Yufeng Wu, Xiaolong Wang, Hao Lv, Yuncan Cao
Steel slag fixation of CO2 is a potential carbon capture technology. This paper pioneers a two-step leaching technique for steel slag that both sequesters CO2 and produces spindle-shaped CaCO3. Initially, NH4∙Ac (ammonium acetate) was ingeniously applied to selectively dissolve calcium from steel slag while the residual slag was subsequently treated with HAc (acetic acid) to dissolve remaining calcium and magnesium. The results indicate that the selectivity rates of Ca+Mg can reach to 99.28 % and 94.26 %, respectively, under the following parameters: NH4∙Ac at 1.6 mol·L-¹ , HAc at 0.8 mol·L-¹ , reaction temperature of 60°C, liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 L·kg-¹ , and reaction time of 1 hour. Kinetic studies revealed that the activity energy of calcium leaching is 8.74 kJ∙mol−1 in the second step of steel slag leaching which controlled by the internal diffusion mechanism. The calcium-enriched leachate was utilized for CO2 capture under a 400 W ultrasonic field, with 25 vol% CO2 introduced, at a reaction temperature of 75 °C and a reaction time of 15 min, concurrently yielding spindle-shaped CaCO3.This study proposed a novelty approach to mitigates CO2 emissions and promotes the valorization of steel slag, which promoted the green development of the iron and steel industry.
{"title":"An innovative process for two-step leaching calcium from steel slag and capturing CO2 to synthesize spindle-shaped CaCO3","authors":"Min Gan, Lincheng Liu, Zengqing Sun, Xiaohui Fan, Zitan Gao, Zhiyun Ji, Ruirui Yuan, Yufeng Wu, Xiaolong Wang, Hao Lv, Yuncan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.067","url":null,"abstract":"Steel slag fixation of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> is a potential carbon capture technology. This paper pioneers a two-step leaching technique for steel slag that both sequesters CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and produces spindle-shaped CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. Initially, NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>∙Ac (ammonium acetate) was ingeniously applied to selectively dissolve calcium from steel slag while the residual slag was subsequently treated with HAc (acetic acid) to dissolve remaining calcium and magnesium. The results indicate that the selectivity rates of Ca+Mg can reach to 99.28 % and 94.26 %, respectively, under the following parameters: NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>∙Ac at 1.6 mol·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>¹ , HAc at 0.8 mol·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>¹ , reaction temperature of 60°C, liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 L·kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>¹ , and reaction time of 1 hour. Kinetic studies revealed that the activity energy of calcium leaching is 8.74 kJ∙mol<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> in the second step of steel slag leaching which controlled by the internal diffusion mechanism. The calcium-enriched leachate was utilized for CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> capture under a 400 W ultrasonic field, with 25 vol% CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> introduced, at a reaction temperature of 75 °C and a reaction time of 15 min, concurrently yielding spindle-shaped CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>.This study proposed a novelty approach to mitigates CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions and promotes the valorization of steel slag, which promoted the green development of the iron and steel industry.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.037
Ojima Z. Wada, Mujaheed Pasha, Annette S. Vincent, Gordon McKay, Hamish R. Mackey
The utilization of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) has emerged as an eco-friendly approach to biological wastewater treatment. However, the high energy demands associated with artificial lighting have been a major drawback to scaling up this biotechnology. Thus, this study investigates the phototrophic treatment of gas-to-liquid wastewater (COD=6.1 g·L−1) and biomass recovery using PNSB mixed culture at low light intensities (9.6 and 17.6 W·m−2). The non-axenic culture achieved high pollutant removal rates (347–453 mgCOD·L−1d−1 and 22–31 mgTN·L−1d−1), effective biomass concentrations (1.6–1.8 gVSS·L−1), yields (0.5–0.8 gCODbiomass·gCODremoved−1) and moderate PNSB selectivity (32–35 %), favouring the higher light intensity (HLI). Recovered biomass chiefly consisted of protein (43–48 %), lipids (33–34 %), carbohydrates (8–10 %), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (2–10 %), bacteriochlorophyll (1.2–1.3 %), carotenoids (0.4–0.6 %), and coenzyme Q10 (0.001–0.004 %). Amino acid characterization showed superior quality compared to soybeans, maize, and seaweed, containing essential amino acids for livestock. Lipid characterization revealed that biomass consisted chiefly of mono-unsaturated C16-C18 fatty acids with biodiesel potential and nutritional value. Further analysis revealed the biomass was fortified with micro and macro nutrients suitable for soil enrichment. Overall, this study highlights PNSB's ability to treat high-strength industrial wastewater and upcycle nutrients into valuable substances at dim intensities, facilitating a multiple-stream circular economy in resource-scarce and solar-dim regions.
{"title":"Dim lights, bright prospects: Purple phototrophic bacteria-driven industrial wastewater treatment for biomass resource recovery at low light intensities","authors":"Ojima Z. Wada, Mujaheed Pasha, Annette S. Vincent, Gordon McKay, Hamish R. Mackey","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.037","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) has emerged as an eco-friendly approach to biological wastewater treatment. However, the high energy demands associated with artificial lighting have been a major drawback to scaling up this biotechnology. Thus, this study investigates the phototrophic treatment of gas-to-liquid wastewater (COD=6.1 g·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and biomass recovery using PNSB mixed culture at low light intensities (9.6 and 17.6 W·m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>). The non-axenic culture achieved high pollutant removal rates (347–453 mgCOD·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and 22–31 mgTN·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), effective biomass concentrations (1.6–1.8 gVSS·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), yields (0.5–0.8 gCODbiomass·gCODremoved<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and moderate PNSB selectivity (32–35 %), favouring the higher light intensity (HLI). Recovered biomass chiefly consisted of protein (43–48 %), lipids (33–34 %), carbohydrates (8–10 %), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (2–10 %), bacteriochlorophyll (1.2–1.3 %), carotenoids (0.4–0.6 %), and coenzyme Q10 (0.001–0.004 %). Amino acid characterization showed superior quality compared to soybeans, maize, and seaweed, containing essential amino acids for livestock. Lipid characterization revealed that biomass consisted chiefly of mono-unsaturated C16-C18 fatty acids with biodiesel potential and nutritional value. Further analysis revealed the biomass was fortified with micro and macro nutrients suitable for soil enrichment. Overall, this study highlights PNSB's ability to treat high-strength industrial wastewater and upcycle nutrients into valuable substances at dim intensities, facilitating a multiple-stream circular economy in resource-scarce and solar-dim regions.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"330 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.056
Li Zheng, Qingwen Zhang, Xuekai Jing, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Yulong Shi, Yu Liu
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Global potential and benefits of nitrogen recovery by re-coupling human excreta as part of agricultural system” [Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 191 (2024) 2281–2291]","authors":"Li Zheng, Qingwen Zhang, Xuekai Jing, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Yulong Shi, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.073
Ruiying Zhu, Hong Ma, Xuan Luo, Li Zhao, Xiaofang Pan, Binfei Yang, Xiaochun Wu, Xiaobo Gong
Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) is recognized as a newly emerging water pollutant with significant implications for human health and environmental quality. Conventional electro-Fenton (EF) processes often entail high energy consumption due to inherent limitations in mass transfer efficiency. Thus, a flow-through EF-membrane separation reactor was developed to synergistically achieve efficient filtration enrichment and oxidative degradation of TC. A defective-state cobalt-nitrogen double-doped carbon material (Co-NPC) derived from metal-organic materials could in-situ generate and self-decompose H2O2 into highly reactive ·OH radicals for TC degradation. The activated membrane (Co-NPC/CNT/PVDF) is obtained by ultrasonically mixing Co-NPC with conductive CNT and filtering it onto a PVDF membrane. Remarkably, EF system with Co-NPC/CNT/PVDF membrane exhibited a remarkable TC degradation efficiency of 98 % within 2 min, with sustained degradation efficiency exceeding 90 % over 40 min. Moreover, the mineralization efficiency remained stable at approximately 55 %, harnessing the combined capabilities of membrane separation, enrichment, and catalytic oxidation for pollutant remediation. Benefitting from its hydrophilicity, specific surface area, pore size, and superior TC removal performance, the Co-NPC/CNT/PVDF membrane demonstrated exceptional self-cleaning properties and robust resistance to external disturbances. This innovative approach presents a promising strategy for the efficient in-situ production of H2O2 and degradation of pollutants, offering potential advancements in water treatment technology.
{"title":"Defective cobalt-nitrogen dual-doped carbon materials for enhanced tetracycline hydrochloride degradation in flow-through electro-Fenton-membrane system","authors":"Ruiying Zhu, Hong Ma, Xuan Luo, Li Zhao, Xiaofang Pan, Binfei Yang, Xiaochun Wu, Xiaobo Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.073","url":null,"abstract":"Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) is recognized as a newly emerging water pollutant with significant implications for human health and environmental quality. Conventional electro-Fenton (EF) processes often entail high energy consumption due to inherent limitations in mass transfer efficiency. Thus, a flow-through EF-membrane separation reactor was developed to synergistically achieve efficient filtration enrichment and oxidative degradation of TC. A defective-state cobalt-nitrogen double-doped carbon material (Co-NPC) derived from metal-organic materials could in-situ generate and self-decompose H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> into highly reactive ·OH radicals for TC degradation. The activated membrane (Co-NPC/CNT/PVDF) is obtained by ultrasonically mixing Co-NPC with conductive CNT and filtering it onto a PVDF membrane. Remarkably, EF system with Co-NPC/CNT/PVDF membrane exhibited a remarkable TC degradation efficiency of 98 % within 2 min, with sustained degradation efficiency exceeding 90 % over 40 min. Moreover, the mineralization efficiency remained stable at approximately 55 %, harnessing the combined capabilities of membrane separation, enrichment, and catalytic oxidation for pollutant remediation. Benefitting from its hydrophilicity, specific surface area, pore size, and superior TC removal performance, the Co-NPC/CNT/PVDF membrane demonstrated exceptional self-cleaning properties and robust resistance to external disturbances. This innovative approach presents a promising strategy for the efficient in-situ production of H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and degradation of pollutants, offering potential advancements in water treatment technology.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An enhanced deep learning model for identifying faults in chemical processes, referred to as the Wide First-layer Kernel Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network (WDCNN), has been proposed. First, the WDCNN automatically removes the features that are not helpful for the diagnosis of the original signals, and the subsequent network are set up with multiple layers of small convolution kernels to increase the expressive power of the model. In the middle part of the model, a two-layer LSTM neural network is set up for extracting time series features from the original data. Finally, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classification algorithm is used instead of the Softmax algorithm to improve the robustness and feature learning ability when facing complex chemical conditions. Experiments on the TE process and a chemical coking furnace show that the model outperforms other conventional neural networks in terms of diagnostic accuracy and robustness.
{"title":"Deep network model fusion of wide kernel feature learning for industrial process modeling and fault diagnosis","authors":"Youqiang Chen, Cheng Zhang, Ridong Zhang, Furong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.066","url":null,"abstract":"An enhanced deep learning model for identifying faults in chemical processes, referred to as the Wide First-layer Kernel Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network (WDCNN), has been proposed. First, the WDCNN automatically removes the features that are not helpful for the diagnosis of the original signals, and the subsequent network are set up with multiple layers of small convolution kernels to increase the expressive power of the model. In the middle part of the model, a two-layer LSTM neural network is set up for extracting time series features from the original data. Finally, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classification algorithm is used instead of the Softmax algorithm to improve the robustness and feature learning ability when facing complex chemical conditions. Experiments on the TE process and a chemical coking furnace show that the model outperforms other conventional neural networks in terms of diagnostic accuracy and robustness.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.070
Qianru He, Shuai Cao, Erol Yilmaz
Since cementitious high sulfur tailings backfill (CHSTB) produces acidification during mine filling, it severely affects the environment of underground mining and filling strength in a timely manner. Therefore, the current investigation analyzes the improvement effect of adding fly ash (FA) and sodium bicarbonate (SOB) to laboratory-made CHSTB specimens. Using some characterizing experiments like X-ray computed tomography CT, uniaxial compressive strength test, and SEM, alkali ratio effect on strength features, pore-fracture features and microstructures of CHSTB specimens was thoroughly emphasized. The experimental findings bared that adding SOB and FA additives to CHSTBs significantly improved their last compressive strengths, especially 1 % SOB, which had the most significant effect on microstructure. The CT slices and 3D reconstruction analyses disclosed that alkali addition could well lessen specimen’s porosity and promote formation of a complex fracture network. The resultant fissure morphology of specimens was strictly linked with the material’s strength property, revealing the influence of alkali agent on the damage mechanism of CHSTB specimens. Ultimately, this lab investigation offers an imperative foundation to further optimize CHSTB’s material proportions and to improve its final application in mining engineering in terms of cost-effectiveness, performance, and security.
{"title":"Characterizing mechanical and multiscale porosity features of cementitious high sulfur tailings backfill using CT technology","authors":"Qianru He, Shuai Cao, Erol Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.070","url":null,"abstract":"Since cementitious high sulfur tailings backfill (CHSTB) produces acidification during mine filling, it severely affects the environment of underground mining and filling strength in a timely manner. Therefore, the current investigation analyzes the improvement effect of adding fly ash (FA) and sodium bicarbonate (SOB) to laboratory-made CHSTB specimens. Using some characterizing experiments like X-ray computed tomography CT, uniaxial compressive strength test, and SEM, alkali ratio effect on strength features, pore-fracture features and microstructures of CHSTB specimens was thoroughly emphasized. The experimental findings bared that adding SOB and FA additives to CHSTBs significantly improved their last compressive strengths, especially 1 % SOB, which had the most significant effect on microstructure. The CT slices and 3D reconstruction analyses disclosed that alkali addition could well lessen specimen’s porosity and promote formation of a complex fracture network. The resultant fissure morphology of specimens was strictly linked with the material’s strength property, revealing the influence of alkali agent on the damage mechanism of CHSTB specimens. Ultimately, this lab investigation offers an imperative foundation to further optimize CHSTB’s material proportions and to improve its final application in mining engineering in terms of cost-effectiveness, performance, and security.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.064
Fan Yang, Hengzhi Chang
In exploring carbon neutrality and energy sustainability, little research addresses the seesaw effect between different pollutants. In real-world applications, efforts to reduce wastewater discharge may increase other types of pollution. To capture these substitution effects, we initially develop a theoretical model aimed at maximizing people’s welfare. Our framework extends the neoclassical model beyond the boundary of economics by incorporating energy and environmental constraints. Next, we empirically quantify this intricate interplay through structural equation modeling and explainable AI techniques, which are particularly effective in deconstructing complex systems and addressing multicollinearity. Also, we measure welfare using methodologies from public health and medical literature. Building on the theoretical framework and empirical analysis, we subsequently calculate the substitution elasticity of wastewater, dust, and sulfur dioxide relative to capital, demonstrating its heterogeneity across provinces. Our findings indicate that the substitution elasticity for reducing water pollution and dust by one percent are comparable, whereas mitigating sulfur dioxide proves to be more costly. Lastly, we find that practical plans for pollutant emissions and substitutions do not always align with their substitutability from the engineering perspective, as entrepreneurs tend to prioritize profit maximization over production efficiency. Since the considerations of technology developers and policy-makers are incorporated into the entrepreneurs' decisions, the generality of our analysis integrates the specificity of prior research.
{"title":"Understanding the seesaw effects: Pollutant substitution in the process of energy consumption, water pollution, and welfare maximization","authors":"Fan Yang, Hengzhi Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.064","url":null,"abstract":"In exploring carbon neutrality and energy sustainability, little research addresses the seesaw effect between different pollutants. In real-world applications, efforts to reduce wastewater discharge may increase other types of pollution. To capture these substitution effects, we initially develop a theoretical model aimed at maximizing people’s welfare. Our framework extends the neoclassical model beyond the boundary of economics by incorporating energy and environmental constraints. Next, we empirically quantify this intricate interplay through structural equation modeling and explainable AI techniques, which are particularly effective in deconstructing complex systems and addressing multicollinearity. Also, we measure welfare using methodologies from public health and medical literature. Building on the theoretical framework and empirical analysis, we subsequently calculate the substitution elasticity of wastewater, dust, and sulfur dioxide relative to capital, demonstrating its heterogeneity across provinces. Our findings indicate that the substitution elasticity for reducing water pollution and dust by one percent are comparable, whereas mitigating sulfur dioxide proves to be more costly. Lastly, we find that practical plans for pollutant emissions and substitutions do not always align with their substitutability from the engineering perspective, as entrepreneurs tend to prioritize profit maximization over production efficiency. Since the considerations of technology developers and policy-makers are incorporated into the entrepreneurs' decisions, the generality of our analysis integrates the specificity of prior research.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.063
Kaiqiang Xu, Asfandyar Shahab, Jieyue Li, Dunqiu Wang, Yanhong Li, Abubakr M. Idris, He Xiao
Owing to the widespread dispersion and recalcitrant degradation of Nanoplastics (NPs), there is a dearth of efficient methods for removing NPs from multiple aqueous environments in sake of controlling their pollution and threats to organisms. UIO-66 is a distinctive porous metal-organic framework (MOF) material constructed from zirconium clusters and terephthalate linkers which needs to be explored for the removal of NPs from water. In this study, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) was successfully grafted onto the surface of UIO-66, resulting in stable and efficient UIO-66-EDTMP composite. The adsorbent stability was tested in multiple mediums including water, seawater, pH gradient and organic solvents. Compared with pristine UIO-66, UIO-66-EDTMP has significantly improved stability which ensures excellent NPs removal. Batch studies indicate that UIO-66-EDTMP has the capacity to adsorb 100 nm polystyrene (PS) microspheres up to 487.225 mg·g−1 under optimum conditions of pH= 5 and 298 K within 120 minutes. The main factors affecting the adsorption process (pH, reaction time, initial concentration, interfering ions, fulvic and humic acids) were explored and critically characterized, demonstrating successful functionalization of the UIO-66-EDTMP and efficient removal of NPs. Furthermore, kinetic models, isotherm and thermodynamic models illustrate that adsorption process follows the quasi-second-order kinetics model and endothermic in nature. The adsorption and removal mechanism involved synergistic effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, π-π conjugation and pore capillary forces. UIO-66-EDTMP demonstrates exceptional recycling even after 10 cycles and excellent stability and adsorption capacity even in the presence of multiple aqueous samples with different pH, interfering ions, fulvic and humic acids. The immobilization and functionalization of UIO-66-EDTMP are expected to function as an efficient trapping agent for NPs in multiple aqueous environments.
{"title":"A highly efficient and recyclable zirconium-based metal organic framework for the effective removal of nanoplastics from multiple aqueous environments","authors":"Kaiqiang Xu, Asfandyar Shahab, Jieyue Li, Dunqiu Wang, Yanhong Li, Abubakr M. Idris, He Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.063","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the widespread dispersion and recalcitrant degradation of Nanoplastics (NPs), there is a dearth of efficient methods for removing NPs from multiple aqueous environments in sake of controlling their pollution and threats to organisms. UIO-66 is a distinctive porous metal-organic framework (MOF) material constructed from zirconium clusters and terephthalate linkers which needs to be explored for the removal of NPs from water. In this study, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) was successfully grafted onto the surface of UIO-66, resulting in stable and efficient UIO-66-EDTMP composite. The adsorbent stability was tested in multiple mediums including water, seawater, pH gradient and organic solvents. Compared with pristine UIO-66, UIO-66-EDTMP has significantly improved stability which ensures excellent NPs removal. Batch studies indicate that UIO-66-EDTMP has the capacity to adsorb 100 nm polystyrene (PS) microspheres up to 487.225 mg·g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> under optimum conditions of pH= 5 and 298 K within 120 minutes. The main factors affecting the adsorption process (pH, reaction time, initial concentration, interfering ions, fulvic and humic acids) were explored and critically characterized, demonstrating successful functionalization of the UIO-66-EDTMP and efficient removal of NPs. Furthermore, kinetic models, isotherm and thermodynamic models illustrate that adsorption process follows the quasi-second-order kinetics model and endothermic in nature. The adsorption and removal mechanism involved synergistic effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, π-π conjugation and pore capillary forces. UIO-66-EDTMP demonstrates exceptional recycling even after 10 cycles and excellent stability and adsorption capacity even in the presence of multiple aqueous samples with different pH, interfering ions, fulvic and humic acids. The immobilization and functionalization of UIO-66-EDTMP are expected to function as an efficient trapping agent for NPs in multiple aqueous environments.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.069
Jie Cheng, Hong-Yi Li, Guo-Wei Zhang, Xin-Mian Chen, Jiang Diao, Bing Xie, Fusheng Pan
V slag with high Cr content (VS-HCC) serves as the primary raw material for extracting V, and the evolution mechanism of V and Cr in VS-HCC decides the eco-friendliness of V extraction process. To minimize the Cr(VI) and residual V(V) content in tailings produced after V extraction, this work introduces the "atomic atmosphere" method to investigate the evolution mechanism of V and Cr in VS-HCC during magnesiation roasting at the atomic scale. In the early stage of roasting at 900℃, the FeV2O4 and FeCr2O4 spinel disappear and are converted into Fe2O3•V2O3 and (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3, with the chemical states of V and Cr unchanged; Fe2TiO4 spinels are oxidized to generate FeTi2O5. After roasting for 10 min, Fe2SiO4 structure is completely destroyed. Both the conversion of spinels and the complete decomposition of Fe2SiO4 have created favorable conditions for the oxidation of V-bearing phases. After roasting for 50–90 min, V atoms transitioned from the mixed valence states (V4 +/V5+) to V5+. This transformation involved the combination of Mg2+, O2- V5+and Mn2+ ions, resulting in the formation of Mg2V2O7 and Mn2V2O7 crystals. Meanwhile, Cr atoms still exist as nontoxic Cr3+ in the form of (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3, ensuring the eco-friendliness of the magnesiation roasting of VS-HCC.
{"title":"Understanding the atomic-scaled evolution mechanism of V and Cr in V slag with high Cr content during magnesiation roasting toward tailing toxicity minimization","authors":"Jie Cheng, Hong-Yi Li, Guo-Wei Zhang, Xin-Mian Chen, Jiang Diao, Bing Xie, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.069","url":null,"abstract":"V slag with high Cr content (VS-HCC) serves as the primary raw material for extracting V, and the evolution mechanism of V and Cr in VS-HCC decides the eco-friendliness of V extraction process. To minimize the Cr(VI) and residual V(V) content in tailings produced after V extraction, this work introduces the \"atomic atmosphere\" method to investigate the evolution mechanism of V and Cr in VS-HCC during magnesiation roasting at the atomic scale. In the early stage of roasting at 900℃, the FeV<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> and FeCr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> spinel disappear and are converted into Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>•V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> and (Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.6</ce:inf>Cr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, with the chemical states of V and Cr unchanged; Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> spinels are oxidized to generate FeTi<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>. After roasting for 10 min, Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> structure is completely destroyed. Both the conversion of spinels and the complete decomposition of Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> have created favorable conditions for the oxidation of V-bearing phases. After roasting for 50–90 min, V atoms transitioned from the mixed valence states (V<ce:sup loc=\"post\">4 +</ce:sup>/V<ce:sup loc=\"post\">5+</ce:sup>) to V<ce:sup loc=\"post\">5+</ce:sup>. This transformation involved the combination of Mg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>, O<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2-</ce:sup> V<ce:sup loc=\"post\">5+</ce:sup>and Mn<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> ions, resulting in the formation of Mg<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> and Mn<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> crystals. Meanwhile, Cr atoms still exist as nontoxic Cr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup> in the form of (Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.6</ce:inf>Cr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, ensuring the eco-friendliness of the magnesiation roasting of VS-HCC.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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