Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108615
Ting Wang, Xiaoxue Ma, Laihao Ma
Reliable and efficient emergency response is essential to minimize casualties and environmental damage from maritime accidents in Arctic waters. However, Arctic maritime emergency response constitutes a complex socio-technical system in which functional variability is induced by potential risks arising from interactions among response activities. To quantify the risk-induced functional variability in Arctic maritime emergency response, this study proposes a systematic methodology integrating the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), Complex Networks (CN), the Site Percolation Model (SPM), and the Coupling Degree Model (CDM). Specifically, a FRAM model for Arctic maritime emergency response is first developed by reviewing accident reports and maritime rescue guidelines. Then, the initial variability of functional modules is determined by aggregating the degree centrality values derived from the four-layer risk coupling network constructed using STPA and CN. Furthermore, considering the propagation of initial variability, the structural coupling of emergency functions, and disturbances from the natural environment, the SPM is introduced to calculate the functional coupling variability. Finally, the functional resonance intensity is quantified by CDM. The proposed methodology is validated through a case study of ship grounding accidents. The results show that cargo redistribution and ballast control are key to generating and propagating variability.
{"title":"A methodology to quantify risk-induced functional variability in Arctic maritime accident emergency response","authors":"Ting Wang, Xiaoxue Ma, Laihao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108615","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable and efficient emergency response is essential to minimize casualties and environmental damage from maritime accidents in Arctic waters. However, Arctic maritime emergency response constitutes a complex socio-technical system in which functional variability is induced by potential risks arising from interactions among response activities. To quantify the risk-induced functional variability in Arctic maritime emergency response, this study proposes a systematic methodology integrating the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), Complex Networks (CN), the Site Percolation Model (SPM), and the Coupling Degree Model (CDM). Specifically, a FRAM model for Arctic maritime emergency response is first developed by reviewing accident reports and maritime rescue guidelines. Then, the initial variability of functional modules is determined by aggregating the degree centrality values derived from the four-layer risk coupling network constructed using STPA and CN. Furthermore, considering the propagation of initial variability, the structural coupling of emergency functions, and disturbances from the natural environment, the SPM is introduced to calculate the functional coupling variability. Finally, the functional resonance intensity is quantified by CDM. The proposed methodology is validated through a case study of ship grounding accidents. The results show that cargo redistribution and ballast control are key to generating and propagating variability.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores an efficient approach to both the resource recovery of waste activated carbon and the control of sulfonamide antibiotic pollution. It systematically examines the regeneration performance and underlying mechanisms of microwave-assisted regeneration for CuxO-modified activated carbon (mCuxO@AC) saturated with sulfamethazine (SMZ). Single-factor experiments identified the optimal regeneration conditions as a microwave power of 700W, an irradiation time of 2min, 4mL of distilled water as a “hot spot” control agent, and a medium–high reaction temperature. After five consecutive regeneration cycles, the regenerated activated carbon (RAC) retained 81.88% of the initial adsorption capacity for SMZ. Comprehensive characterization using BET, SEM, XRD, XPS, and EDS revealed that the specific surface area (SBET) of the RAC increased by 60.06% (from 583.19m²/g to 933.48m²/g), and the total pore volume (Vtot) expanded by 27.38%. Pore blockage was significantly alleviated, and the abundance of characteristic SMZ-related functional groups (–OH, –NH, C–O, etc.) on the surface significantly decreased. LC-MS analysis indicated that SMZ underwent degradation into smaller molecules through six primary pathways, including pyrolysis, hydrolysis, ring-opening, and S-N bond cleavage. The proposed household microwave-assisted regeneration technology process demonstrates high efficiency, energy savings, and environmental compatibility, offering a novel solution for regenerating antibiotic-contaminated waste activated carbon.
{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Regeneration of CuxO-Modified Activated Carbon Saturated with Sulfamethazine: Mechanism and Performance Evaluation","authors":"Yanping Liu, Zixiu Li, Dandan Liu, Mingjie Han, Jianfeng Gao, Haoyu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108618","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores an efficient approach to both the resource recovery of waste activated carbon and the control of sulfonamide antibiotic pollution. It systematically examines the regeneration performance and underlying mechanisms of microwave-assisted regeneration for CuxO-modified activated carbon (mCuxO@AC) saturated with sulfamethazine (SMZ). Single-factor experiments identified the optimal regeneration conditions as a microwave power of 700<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>W, an irradiation time of 2<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>min, 4<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mL of distilled water as a “hot spot” control agent, and a medium–high reaction temperature. After five consecutive regeneration cycles, the regenerated activated carbon (RAC) retained 81.88% of the initial adsorption capacity for SMZ. Comprehensive characterization using BET, SEM, XRD, XPS, and EDS revealed that the specific surface area (SBET) of the RAC increased by 60.06% (from 583.19<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m²/g to 933.48<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m²/g), and the total pore volume (Vtot) expanded by 27.38%. Pore blockage was significantly alleviated, and the abundance of characteristic SMZ-related functional groups (–OH, –NH, C–O, etc.) on the surface significantly decreased. LC-MS analysis indicated that SMZ underwent degradation into smaller molecules through six primary pathways, including pyrolysis, hydrolysis, ring-opening, and S-N bond cleavage. The proposed household microwave-assisted regeneration technology process demonstrates high efficiency, energy savings, and environmental compatibility, offering a novel solution for regenerating antibiotic-contaminated waste activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108621
Xuechang Ren, Bowen Zheng, Xingyu Liu, Hongjin Chen, Deze Yang, Zhongshan Li, Ning Fu, Yong Zhang
A Z-scheme ZnS/MIL-88A(Fe) heterostructured photocatalyst enriched with sulfur vacancies (S-vacancies) was rationally designed and fabricated via a hydrothermal method. Comprehensive characterizations confirmed the successful construction of the Z-scheme junction and the introduction of abundant defects. The photo-Fenton performance was evaluated by the degradation of ofloxacin (OFX) under simulated visible light irradiation. Experimental results demonstrated that the S-vacancies served as effective electron-trapping centers, significantly inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers, as evidenced by PL and transient photocurrent analyses. Simultaneously, the Z-scheme configuration preserved the high redox capability of the carriers and broadened the spectral response range. Consequently, the optimal ZnS/MIL-88A(Fe) catalyst achieved an OFX degradation efficiency of 89.36 % within 120 min, with a kinetic rate constant (k) of 0.0162 min−1, which was 1.13 and 1.32 times higher than that of pure ZnS and MIL-88A(Fe), respectively. Notably, the system exhibited robust performance across pH= 5–9, effectively overcoming the strict pH limits of traditional Fenton reactions. Furthermore, the composite displayed excellent cycling stability (>80 % efficiency after 5 cycles) and strong resistance to coexisting ions (Cl-, SO₄²-, NO₃-, HCO3- and H2PO4-). Radical scavenging and ESR experiments identified ·OH, 1O₂, and h+ as the primary active species. Toxicity assessment further indicated that the degradation intermediates possessed lower toxicity than the parent OFX. This work presents a feasible defect-engineering strategy to construct high-performance MOF-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for antibiotic wastewater remediation.
{"title":"Sulfur vacancies in Z-scheme ZnS/MIL-88A(Fe) heterostructured photocatalyst: Boosting photo-Fenton activity for enhanced OFX degradation","authors":"Xuechang Ren, Bowen Zheng, Xingyu Liu, Hongjin Chen, Deze Yang, Zhongshan Li, Ning Fu, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108621","url":null,"abstract":"A Z-scheme ZnS/MIL-88A(Fe) heterostructured photocatalyst enriched with sulfur vacancies (S-vacancies) was rationally designed and fabricated via a hydrothermal method. Comprehensive characterizations confirmed the successful construction of the Z-scheme junction and the introduction of abundant defects. The photo-Fenton performance was evaluated by the degradation of ofloxacin (OFX) under simulated visible light irradiation. Experimental results demonstrated that the S-vacancies served as effective electron-trapping centers, significantly inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers, as evidenced by PL and transient photocurrent analyses. Simultaneously, the Z-scheme configuration preserved the high redox capability of the carriers and broadened the spectral response range. Consequently, the optimal ZnS/MIL-88A(Fe) catalyst achieved an OFX degradation efficiency of 89.36 % within 120 min, with a kinetic rate constant (<ce:italic>k</ce:italic>) of 0.0162 min<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, which was 1.13 and 1.32 times higher than that of pure ZnS and MIL-88A(Fe), respectively. Notably, the system exhibited robust performance across pH= 5–9, effectively overcoming the strict pH limits of traditional Fenton reactions. Furthermore, the composite displayed excellent cycling stability (>80 % efficiency after 5 cycles) and strong resistance to coexisting ions (Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>, SO₄²<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>, NO<ce:sup loc=\"post\">₃-</ce:sup>, HCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> and H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>). Radical scavenging and ESR experiments identified ·OH, <ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>O₂, and h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> as the primary active species. Toxicity assessment further indicated that the degradation intermediates possessed lower toxicity than the parent OFX. This work presents a feasible defect-engineering strategy to construct high-performance MOF-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for antibiotic wastewater remediation.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108626
Nabiha Mekki, Hichem Saidi, Abdallah Bouabidi, Saif Ali Kadhim, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Ali M. Ashour, Lotfi Khezami
To address the growing water stress in the Gabès region of Tunisia, experiments were conducted on a conventional pyramid solar still and finned configurations with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 PCM-filled square fins. This study presents, for the first time, the integration of square-section fins filled with phase change material (PCM) in a pyramid solar still (PSS), a configuration not previously explored in Tunisia or internationally. Unlike prior PCM-fin studies that focused on hemispherical or double-slope stills using cylindrical or flat fins, the square-fin geometry increases the effective heat-transfer surface and ensures more uniform PCM melting and solidification. The study also develops a thermal optimization strategy tailored to the unique heat-transfer behavior of pyramid stills, characterized by strong vertical natural convection and non-uniform temperature fields. Results show that the 12-fin configuration achieved the highest performance, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 36.5% and 3.37%, representing improvements of 82.5% and 206% over the conventional system. It also achieved the lowest cost per liter at $0.04, the shortest energy payback time, and a net CO₂ mitigation of 12.96 tons. These findings demonstrate that PCM-filled square fins enhance thermal storage and sustain productivity during evening hours. This study provides a novel, practical, and regionally relevant solution for freshwater scarcity in arid regions such as Gabès and offers insights for optimizing solar desalination systems globally. From a sustainable development perspective, the proposed system simultaneously addresses freshwater scarcity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact, confirming its suitability for sustainable freshwater production in arid and semi-arid regions.
{"title":"Study and Optimization of Phase Change Materials-Filled Square Fins for improving Pyramid Solar Stills: Comprehensive 8E Analysis","authors":"Nabiha Mekki, Hichem Saidi, Abdallah Bouabidi, Saif Ali Kadhim, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Ali M. Ashour, Lotfi Khezami","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108626","url":null,"abstract":"To address the growing water stress in the Gabès region of Tunisia, experiments were conducted on a conventional pyramid solar still and finned configurations with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 PCM-filled square fins. This study presents, for the first time, the integration of square-section fins filled with phase change material (PCM) in a pyramid solar still (PSS), a configuration not previously explored in Tunisia or internationally. Unlike prior PCM-fin studies that focused on hemispherical or double-slope stills using cylindrical or flat fins, the square-fin geometry increases the effective heat-transfer surface and ensures more uniform PCM melting and solidification. The study also develops a thermal optimization strategy tailored to the unique heat-transfer behavior of pyramid stills, characterized by strong vertical natural convection and non-uniform temperature fields. Results show that the 12-fin configuration achieved the highest performance, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 36.5% and 3.37%, representing improvements of 82.5% and 206% over the conventional system. It also achieved the lowest cost per liter at $0.04, the shortest energy payback time, and a net CO₂ mitigation of 12.96 tons. These findings demonstrate that PCM-filled square fins enhance thermal storage and sustain productivity during evening hours. This study provides a novel, practical, and regionally relevant solution for freshwater scarcity in arid regions such as Gabès and offers insights for optimizing solar desalination systems globally. From a sustainable development perspective, the proposed system simultaneously addresses freshwater scarcity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact, confirming its suitability for sustainable freshwater production in arid and semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108619
Xiaoyi Li, Xueqiang Zhu, Damao Xu, Qixiang Zhang, Junheng Kan
To enhance the degradation effect of persulfate on organic pollutants, a material of nano zero-valent iron loaded on modified biochar (MBC@nZVI) was prepared and used to activate persulfate for the degradation of naphthalene (NAP). Orthogonal experiments optimized key parameters, including the mass ratio of iron to carbon, persulfate dosage, and catalyst amount. Under the optimized conditions, a high degradation efficiency of 96% for NAP was achieved within 60minutes. The system exhibited excellent pH adaptability, maintaining over 88% efficiency across a broad pH range of 3 to 9. Characterization confirmed MBC reduced nZVI aggregation and enhanced stability. Post-reaction analyses revealed the oxidation of Fe0 to Fe2O3/Fe3O4. This in-situ formed iron oxide shell, in synergy with the conductive biochar matrix, facilitated sustained Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling, thereby enabling prolonged persulfate activation. The detection and identification analysis of free radicals revealed that sulfate (SO₄•-) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals as the dominant reactive species, with their relative contributions being pH-dependent: SO₄•- prevailed under acidic and neutral conditions, whereas •OH dominated under alkaline environments. MBC@nZVI also demonstrated remarkable stability (over 95% activity after 30 days of sealed storage) and reusability (over 79% efficiency after three cycles). These findings highlight MBC@nZVI as an efficient, stable, and green persulfate activator for environmental remediation.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the naphthalene degradation by biochar-supported nZVI activated persulfate","authors":"Xiaoyi Li, Xueqiang Zhu, Damao Xu, Qixiang Zhang, Junheng Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108619","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the degradation effect of persulfate on organic pollutants, a material of nano zero-valent iron loaded on modified biochar (MBC@nZVI) was prepared and used to activate persulfate for the degradation of naphthalene (NAP). Orthogonal experiments optimized key parameters, including the mass ratio of iron to carbon, persulfate dosage, and catalyst amount. Under the optimized conditions, a high degradation efficiency of 96% for NAP was achieved within 60<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>minutes. The system exhibited excellent pH adaptability, maintaining over 88% efficiency across a broad pH range of 3 to 9. Characterization confirmed MBC reduced nZVI aggregation and enhanced stability. Post-reaction analyses revealed the oxidation of Fe<ce:sup loc=\"post\">0</ce:sup> to Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>/Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>. This in-situ formed iron oxide shell, in synergy with the conductive biochar matrix, facilitated sustained Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling, thereby enabling prolonged persulfate activation. The detection and identification analysis of free radicals revealed that sulfate (SO₄<ce:sup loc=\"post\">•-</ce:sup>) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals as the dominant reactive species, with their relative contributions being pH-dependent: SO₄<ce:sup loc=\"post\">•-</ce:sup> prevailed under acidic and neutral conditions, whereas •OH dominated under alkaline environments. MBC@nZVI also demonstrated remarkable stability (over 95% activity after 30 days of sealed storage) and reusability (over 79% efficiency after three cycles). These findings highlight MBC@nZVI as an efficient, stable, and green persulfate activator for environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108593
Yi-Xin Liu, Wei-Hua Li, Qiong-Xia Xia, Zhi-Hao Chen, Shao-Yang Ma
Vivianite (Fe₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O) has emerged as a promising product for phosphorus (P) recovery, attracting increasing interest as a sustainable approach to P management. However, its practical utilization in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains limited due to the fine particle size and high impurity levels of naturally formed vivianite, which hinder efficient separation and reuse. To address these challenges, this study systematically evaluated different seed materials to enhance P recovery through vivianite crystallization from synthetic anaerobic fermentation supernatant. Among magnetite (Fe₃O₄), synthetic vivianite, biochar, and quartz sand, magnetite exhibited the highest promotion effect, increasing the P removal efficiency from 69.4% to 88.2%. The influences of key operational parameters, including Fe₃O₄ dosage, particle size, initial pH, and the Fe/P molar ratio, were comprehensively investigated. Application tests conducted in an anaerobic sludge digestion system further demonstrated that Fe₃O₄ accelerated vivianite formation and increased the average crystal size from approximately 20 μm to 100 μm, significantly improving magnetic separation. Under these conditions, vivianite recovery achieved 35.3% and approximately 87% of the magnetite seeds were recovered at an Fe₃O₄ dosage of 1.0g. The phosphorus recovery in the magnetic fraction increased with Fe₃O₄ dosage and reached up to 81.9% at an Fe₃O₄ dosage of 4.0g, confirming effective solid–solid separation and seed recyclability. These results indicate that magnetite-assisted crystallization offers an efficient and practically feasible strategy for phosphorus recovery and resource reuse in wastewater treatment processes, contributing to cleaner production and sustainable system management
{"title":"Magnetite-Seeded Vivianite Crystallization for Enhanced Phosphorus Recovery and Magnetic Separation in Anaerobic Digestion Processes","authors":"Yi-Xin Liu, Wei-Hua Li, Qiong-Xia Xia, Zhi-Hao Chen, Shao-Yang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108593","url":null,"abstract":"Vivianite (Fe₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O) has emerged as a promising product for phosphorus (P) recovery, attracting increasing interest as a sustainable approach to P management. However, its practical utilization in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains limited due to the fine particle size and high impurity levels of naturally formed vivianite, which hinder efficient separation and reuse. To address these challenges, this study systematically evaluated different seed materials to enhance P recovery through vivianite crystallization from synthetic anaerobic fermentation supernatant. Among magnetite (Fe₃O₄), synthetic vivianite, biochar, and quartz sand, magnetite exhibited the highest promotion effect, increasing the P removal efficiency from 69.4% to 88.2%. The influences of key operational parameters, including Fe₃O₄ dosage, particle size, initial pH, and the Fe/P molar ratio, were comprehensively investigated. Application tests conducted in an anaerobic sludge digestion system further demonstrated that Fe₃O₄ accelerated vivianite formation and increased the average crystal size from approximately 20 μm to 100 μm, significantly improving magnetic separation. Under these conditions, vivianite recovery achieved 35.3% and approximately 87% of the magnetite seeds were recovered at an Fe₃O₄ dosage of 1.0<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>g. The phosphorus recovery in the magnetic fraction increased with Fe₃O₄ dosage and reached up to 81.9% at an Fe₃O₄ dosage of 4.0<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>g, confirming effective solid–solid separation and seed recyclability. These results indicate that magnetite-assisted crystallization offers an efficient and practically feasible strategy for phosphorus recovery and resource reuse in wastewater treatment processes, contributing to cleaner production and sustainable system management","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing novel technology for treating wastewater containing fluorinated antibiotic will exercise a meaningful influence on ecological environment. In this study, low-coordinated cobalt nanoparticle is embedded into carbon nitrogen polymer to construct the Schottky heterojunction (namely Co/g-C3N4), then activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of ofloxacin. Notably, the formation of Schottky heterojunction causes the charge redistribution at the interface, so offering more active sites and accelerating the charge transfer. More importantly, the mechanism of peroxymonosulfate activation is transformed into nonradical pathway from radical pathway after the combination of cobalt nanoparticle with carbon nitrogen polymer. Briefly, PMS is first adsorbed onto Co/g-C3N4 to form Co/g-C3N4-PMS* complex, and then most Co/g-C3N4-PMS* complex is decomposed into 1O2, which plays a major role in ofloxacin degradation. There is hydrogen radical (H•) generated during the process of PMS activation over Co/g-C3N4, and H• can break C-F bonds, thereby achieving satisfactory defluorination rate. Furthermore, degradation pathways of ofloxacin and toxicity of degradation by-products are also clarified in detailed. In conclusion, current work can provide a valuable reference for future research on the treatment of wastewater containing fluorinated antibiotics.
{"title":"Embedding low-coordinated cobalt nanoparticle into carbon nitrogen polymer to construct Schottky junction for effective degradation of fluorine-containing antibiotic via peroxymonosulfate activation","authors":"Xin Liu, Tong Wei, Qixue Wang, Kegui Zhang, Jiahong Pan, Shi-Wen Lv, Ruoyu Hu, Zhiqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108614","url":null,"abstract":"Developing novel technology for treating wastewater containing fluorinated antibiotic will exercise a meaningful influence on ecological environment. In this study, low-coordinated cobalt nanoparticle is embedded into carbon nitrogen polymer to construct the Schottky heterojunction (namely Co/g-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>), then activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of ofloxacin. Notably, the formation of Schottky heterojunction causes the charge redistribution at the interface, so offering more active sites and accelerating the charge transfer. More importantly, the mechanism of peroxymonosulfate activation is transformed into nonradical pathway from radical pathway after the combination of cobalt nanoparticle with carbon nitrogen polymer. Briefly, PMS is first adsorbed onto Co/g-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> to form Co/g-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>-PMS* complex, and then most Co/g-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>-PMS* complex is decomposed into <ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, which plays a major role in ofloxacin degradation. There is hydrogen radical (H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">•</ce:sup>) generated during the process of PMS activation over Co/g-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, and H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">•</ce:sup> can break C-F bonds, thereby achieving satisfactory defluorination rate. Furthermore, degradation pathways of ofloxacin and toxicity of degradation by-products are also clarified in detailed. In conclusion, current work can provide a valuable reference for future research on the treatment of wastewater containing fluorinated antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, the safety of CO2 storage and transportation has become of paramount importance. Aiming at the leakage and dispersion characteristics of large-scale saturated liquid-phase CO2 storage tank, a 30 m³ liquid-phase CO2 tanker was used to simulate the storage tank, and two sets of leakage and dispersion tests with leakage orifice diameters of 5 mm and 25 mm were conducted. The test results show that: the minimum temperature positions for leak diameters of 5 mm and 25 mm occur at distances of 0.2 m and 1 m from the outlet, respectively. Both the low-temperature region and the region where the temperature falls below the triple point expand with increasing leak diameter. The steady-state pressure and temperature at the leak outlet are inversely proportional to the leak diameter, with mass flow rates of 0.32 kg/s and 6.4 kg/s recorded for the 5 mm and 25 mm diameter cases, respectively. During the final stage of the leak, a sudden temperature drop is observed at the outlet; in the case of the 5 mm diameter, dry ice formation leads to partial blockage of the leak. At the same measurement location, the concentration increases with the leak diameter. The maximum axial dimensions of the visible cloud are 17 m and 48 m for the 5 mm and 25 mm cases, respectively, with corresponding axial asphyxiation risk distances of 20 m and 50 m.
{"title":"Experimental study on leakage and dispersion characteristics of large-scale liquid CO2 storage tank","authors":"Xiaoguang Yang, Xingqing Yan, Shuai Yu, Jianliang Yu, Jingjing Qi, Dongping Yang, Min Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108579","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, the safety of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> storage and transportation has become of paramount importance. Aiming at the leakage and dispersion characteristics of large-scale saturated liquid-phase CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> storage tank, a 30 m³ liquid-phase CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> tanker was used to simulate the storage tank, and two sets of leakage and dispersion tests with leakage orifice diameters of 5 mm and 25 mm were conducted. The test results show that: the minimum temperature positions for leak diameters of 5 mm and 25 mm occur at distances of 0.2 m and 1 m from the outlet, respectively. Both the low-temperature region and the region where the temperature falls below the triple point expand with increasing leak diameter. The steady-state pressure and temperature at the leak outlet are inversely proportional to the leak diameter, with mass flow rates of 0.32 kg/s and 6.4 kg/s recorded for the 5 mm and 25 mm diameter cases, respectively. During the final stage of the leak, a sudden temperature drop is observed at the outlet; in the case of the 5 mm diameter, dry ice formation leads to partial blockage of the leak. At the same measurement location, the concentration increases with the leak diameter. The maximum axial dimensions of the visible cloud are 17 m and 48 m for the 5 mm and 25 mm cases, respectively, with corresponding axial asphyxiation risk distances of 20 m and 50 m.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"12 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108595
LIU Fuyao, QIU Fuguo, TIAN Hongyu, LIU Jianwei
This study addressed the issue of performance degradation in toilet wastewater treatment systems under low-temperature conditions by constructing a bio-enhanced anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor (AO-MBR) system.Through inoculation of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities, the system's treatment performance, sludge characteristics, and microbial community response mechanisms were systematically evaluated under gradient temperature reduction (16℃→8℃). The bioaugmented reactor (S1) achieved COD, NH4+ -N, and TN removal efficiencies of 85.5 %, 87.6 %, and 67.8 %, respectively, which were higher than those of the control reactor (S2: 76.6 %, 75.1 %, and 54.8 %). Low-temperature microbial enhancement effectively improved sludge settleability, reduced the sludge volume index (SVI), and enhanced system resilience to low-temperature loads by promoting the secretion of proteins and polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Microbial community analysis revealed enrichment of cold-tolerant functional genera such as Acinetobacter and Flavobacterium in S1. Metabolic function prediction indicated significantly increased abundances of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and stress response. These findings elucidate the synergistic metabolic mechanisms and ecological stability of the bioaugmented AO-MBR system. The results provide theoretical and practical support for the engineering application of microbial enhancement technology in low-temperature toilet wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Metabolic basis and ecological stability of bioaugmented AO-MBR treating low-temperature toilet wastewater: Linking functional genes, pathway efficiency, and microbial dynamics","authors":"LIU Fuyao, QIU Fuguo, TIAN Hongyu, LIU Jianwei","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108595","url":null,"abstract":"This study addressed the issue of performance degradation in toilet wastewater treatment systems under low-temperature conditions by constructing a bio-enhanced anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor (AO-MBR) system.Through inoculation of low-temperature-adapted microbial communities, the system's treatment performance, sludge characteristics, and microbial community response mechanisms were systematically evaluated under gradient temperature reduction (16℃→8℃). The bioaugmented reactor (S1) achieved COD, NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> -N, and TN removal efficiencies of 85.5 %, 87.6 %, and 67.8 %, respectively, which were higher than those of the control reactor (S2: 76.6 %, 75.1 %, and 54.8 %). Low-temperature microbial enhancement effectively improved sludge settleability, reduced the sludge volume index (SVI), and enhanced system resilience to low-temperature loads by promoting the secretion of proteins and polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Microbial community analysis revealed enrichment of cold-tolerant functional genera such as Acinetobacter and Flavobacterium in S1. Metabolic function prediction indicated significantly increased abundances of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and stress response. These findings elucidate the synergistic metabolic mechanisms and ecological stability of the bioaugmented AO-MBR system. The results provide theoretical and practical support for the engineering application of microbial enhancement technology in low-temperature toilet wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The control of particulate matter is crucial for both ecological conservation and industrial safety. In wetting dust reduction technologies, the application of dust suppressants is key to improving the capture efficiency of particulate matter. To address the limitations of traditional chemical suppressants, such as limited surface activity and poor environmental friendliness, this study proposes a fermented biological dust suppressant (FBDS) prepared via microbial fermentation, aiming to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly dust control. The foaming properties of BDS and the enhancing effects of polymers were evaluated using Foamscan, while its molecular structure was characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Interfacial rheometry was employed to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and the mechanism was elucidated from molecular structure and adsorption kinetics perspectives. The results showed that optimal foaming capacity, foam half-life, and drainage half-life were achieved at a FBDS concentration of 0.15‰ and polymer concentration of 0.3‰. At the CMC, the surface tension was 27 ± 0.5 mN/m, and the maximum surface excess concentration reached 4.75 × 10⁻⁵ mol/m², demonstrating excellent interfacial activity. The addition of polymers enhanced foam stability by forming a three-dimensional network structure within the liquid film, while the anionic groups reduced intermolecular repulsion in FBDS, thereby improving adsorption strength at the air-liquid interface. This study provides a foundation for developing high-performance, environmentally friendly dust suppression materials, contributing to mitigating occupational health risks and environmental pollution.
{"title":"Foaming Performance and Interfacial Adsorption Mechanism of Fermented Biological Dust Suppressant","authors":"Qi Zhang, Hetang Wang, Yuhang Wang, Shengyuan Yang, Xiaojuan Li, Panpan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108601","url":null,"abstract":"The control of particulate matter is crucial for both ecological conservation and industrial safety. In wetting dust reduction technologies, the application of dust suppressants is key to improving the capture efficiency of particulate matter. To address the limitations of traditional chemical suppressants, such as limited surface activity and poor environmental friendliness, this study proposes a fermented biological dust suppressant (FBDS) prepared via microbial fermentation, aiming to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly dust control. The foaming properties of BDS and the enhancing effects of polymers were evaluated using Foamscan, while its molecular structure was characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Interfacial rheometry was employed to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and the mechanism was elucidated from molecular structure and adsorption kinetics perspectives. The results showed that optimal foaming capacity, foam half-life, and drainage half-life were achieved at a FBDS concentration of 0.15‰ and polymer concentration of 0.3‰. At the CMC, the surface tension was 27 ± 0.5 mN/m, and the maximum surface excess concentration reached 4.75 × 10⁻⁵ mol/m², demonstrating excellent interfacial activity. The addition of polymers enhanced foam stability by forming a three-dimensional network structure within the liquid film, while the anionic groups reduced intermolecular repulsion in FBDS, thereby improving adsorption strength at the air-liquid interface. This study provides a foundation for developing high-performance, environmentally friendly dust suppression materials, contributing to mitigating occupational health risks and environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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