Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.100
Fei He, Shehong Li, Lian Song, Qiao Han, Dan Zeng Ya Jie, Yong Shui, Jen-How Huang
The Ngari region (NR) in Tibet, hailed as the crown jewel of the "Asian Water Tower", is the origin of numerous major rivers that traverse extensive regions of Asia, as well as the source of severe chronic groundwater heavy metal poisoning in South and Southeast Asia. The well-being of its water ecosystem not only impacts local residents, agricultural activities, and industrial development but also exerts a vital role in modulating regional and global climate patterns. As a significant factor impacting groundwater quality in NR, trace metal(loid)s (TMs) have not yet been explored. In light of this, the study delivers a pioneering analysis of the sources, spatial distribution, and health risks of 17 TMs in the drinking groundwater of NR for residents. Under the combined influence of volcanic-geothermal activities, parent rock weathering, mining activities, and industrial processes, the levels of heavy metals exhibit significant spatial variability. The comprehensive water quality assessment revealed that over 60 % of the sampling points showed poor water quality, rendering them unsuitable for long-term potable use. Health risk evaluations have indicated that Sb, As, U, Tl, and V are the primary contributors to carcinogenic concerns. The Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for As both exceed 1, while the pollution indices of Sb, As, U, Tl, and V all approach 1. This suggests that daily oral exposure to arsenic may have a severely adverse impact on the health of Ngari residents and potentially lead to cancer. This study establishes a scientific foundation for metal cycling within the groundwater environment and ecological management in NR, and also provides theoretical guidance for preventing long-term chronic TM poisoning and ensuring sustainable protection of the regional water supply.
{"title":"Groundwater health risks and water quality assessment in the sources of many mighty rivers in Asia: Ngari, Tibet","authors":"Fei He, Shehong Li, Lian Song, Qiao Han, Dan Zeng Ya Jie, Yong Shui, Jen-How Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.100","url":null,"abstract":"The Ngari region (NR) in Tibet, hailed as the crown jewel of the \"Asian Water Tower\", is the origin of numerous major rivers that traverse extensive regions of Asia, as well as the source of severe chronic groundwater heavy metal poisoning in South and Southeast Asia. The well-being of its water ecosystem not only impacts local residents, agricultural activities, and industrial development but also exerts a vital role in modulating regional and global climate patterns. As a significant factor impacting groundwater quality in NR, trace metal(loid)s (TMs) have not yet been explored. In light of this, the study delivers a pioneering analysis of the sources, spatial distribution, and health risks of 17 TMs in the drinking groundwater of NR for residents. Under the combined influence of volcanic-geothermal activities, parent rock weathering, mining activities, and industrial processes, the levels of heavy metals exhibit significant spatial variability. The comprehensive water quality assessment revealed that over 60 % of the sampling points showed poor water quality, rendering them unsuitable for long-term potable use. Health risk evaluations have indicated that Sb, As, U, Tl, and V are the primary contributors to carcinogenic concerns. The Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for As both exceed 1, while the pollution indices of Sb, As, U, Tl, and V all approach 1. This suggests that daily oral exposure to arsenic may have a severely adverse impact on the health of Ngari residents and potentially lead to cancer. This study establishes a scientific foundation for metal cycling within the groundwater environment and ecological management in NR, and also provides theoretical guidance for preventing long-term chronic TM poisoning and ensuring sustainable protection of the regional water supply.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.119
Cong Shen, Wenpeng Jiang, Xiuwen Wang, Weijie Shi, Wenxu Liang, Yongxin Nie, Yijing Li, Shiyun Ai
In this study, the adsorbent of carbon-nitrogen modified geopolymer supported iron nanoparticles (Fe@C/N-GM) was synthesized using pinecone and kaolin as precursors, achieving an adsorption rate of 98.97 % and a maximum adsorption capacity of 48.51 mg·g−1 for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) within 2 h. Notably, the Fe@C/N-GM demonstrated excellent adsorption performance for perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) of varying carbon chain lengths, with the adsorption rate increasing as the PFCA chain length increased. Based on the interference experiment, Fe@C/N-GM exhibited a relatively stable adsorption performance for PFOA at different concentrations of anion and cation. The kinetic analysis and adsorption isotherms indicated that the PFOA adsorption was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption, involving a complex process with multiple interactions. The adsorption mechanism mainly included the following five aspects: (Ⅰ) electrostatic interaction between the positively charged Fe@C/N-GM and deprotonated PFOA; (Ⅱ) hydrophobic interaction between PFOA and Fe@C/N-GM; (Ⅲ) hydrogen-bonding interaction between PFOA and -NH3+; (Ⅳ) complexation between PFOA and Fe; and (Ⅴ) bonding interaction between PFOA and Al active centers. This modified geopolymer system with multiple synergistic mechanisms is anticipated to provide novel insights for the remediation of PFOA pollution.
{"title":"Carbon-nitrogen modified geopolymer supported iron nanoparticles for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid: Adsorption performance and mechanism","authors":"Cong Shen, Wenpeng Jiang, Xiuwen Wang, Weijie Shi, Wenxu Liang, Yongxin Nie, Yijing Li, Shiyun Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.119","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the adsorbent of carbon-nitrogen modified geopolymer supported iron nanoparticles (Fe@C/N-GM) was synthesized using pinecone and kaolin as precursors, achieving an adsorption rate of 98.97 % and a maximum adsorption capacity of 48.51 mg·g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) within 2 h. Notably, the Fe@C/N-GM demonstrated excellent adsorption performance for perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) of varying carbon chain lengths, with the adsorption rate increasing as the PFCA chain length increased. Based on the interference experiment, Fe@C/N-GM exhibited a relatively stable adsorption performance for PFOA at different concentrations of anion and cation. The kinetic analysis and adsorption isotherms indicated that the PFOA adsorption was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption, involving a complex process with multiple interactions. The adsorption mechanism mainly included the following five aspects: (Ⅰ) electrostatic interaction between the positively charged Fe@C/N-GM and deprotonated PFOA; (Ⅱ) hydrophobic interaction between PFOA and Fe@C/N-GM; (Ⅲ) hydrogen-bonding interaction between PFOA and -NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>; (Ⅳ) complexation between PFOA and Fe; and (Ⅴ) bonding interaction between PFOA and Al active centers. This modified geopolymer system with multiple synergistic mechanisms is anticipated to provide novel insights for the remediation of PFOA pollution.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equal and fair right to use water environmental capacity is the basic development right for regions who are with unadvanced economic or in vulnerable water environment in China. Clearly defining the responsibilities is the prerequisite to make a comprehensive knowledge of this right. This work collected emission data on 3 representative water pollutants (COD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP)) at provincial level, and utilized a multi-regional input-output model and data envelopment analysis to calculate the specific water pollution emission responsibilities as well as the corresponding environmental fees payable or compensation receivable. Pollutants generated related to products which were locally produced for local consumption represented the primary source of pollution emissions. The embodied transfer of COD due to inter-provincial trade amounted to 7.03 million tons, TN to 0.97 million tons, and TP to 99,300 tons. The transfer of water pollutants between less developed provinces constituted the largest proportion (∼40 %) of all pollutant transfers. The main provinces paying water pollution compensation were those economically developed eastern coastal regions, along with some economically underdeveloped provinces, while the receiving provinces were mostly located in central and western regions with a certain industrial base but underdeveloped economies. This study found that the structural transformation has occurred, which was no longer the past traditional pattern of embodied transfer of water pollutants. The pattern of inter-provincial and inter-industrial transfer were intricate, and the responsibility identification should be more prudent with focus on both objectiveness and fairness of development.
{"title":"Provincial responsibilities and compensations in water pollutant transfers in China","authors":"Huiping Li, Baiqin Zhou, Yaxian Li, Ting Zhou, Mengxian Hu, Hui Huang, Yujun Wang, Weihai Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.120","url":null,"abstract":"The equal and fair right to use water environmental capacity is the basic development right for regions who are with unadvanced economic or in vulnerable water environment in China. Clearly defining the responsibilities is the prerequisite to make a comprehensive knowledge of this right. This work collected emission data on 3 representative water pollutants (COD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP)) at provincial level, and utilized a multi-regional input-output model and data envelopment analysis to calculate the specific water pollution emission responsibilities as well as the corresponding environmental fees payable or compensation receivable. Pollutants generated related to products which were locally produced for local consumption represented the primary source of pollution emissions. The embodied transfer of COD due to inter-provincial trade amounted to 7.03 million tons, TN to 0.97 million tons, and TP to 99,300 tons. The transfer of water pollutants between less developed provinces constituted the largest proportion (∼40 %) of all pollutant transfers. The main provinces paying water pollution compensation were those economically developed eastern coastal regions, along with some economically underdeveloped provinces, while the receiving provinces were mostly located in central and western regions with a certain industrial base but underdeveloped economies. This study found that the structural transformation has occurred, which was no longer the past traditional pattern of embodied transfer of water pollutants. The pattern of inter-provincial and inter-industrial transfer were intricate, and the responsibility identification should be more prudent with focus on both objectiveness and fairness of development.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"186 Ser A 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.124
Xiaolei Wang, Dongming Zhang, Xunxian Shi, Chenyu Wang
To find the optimal CO2 storage pressure in anthracite seams, the modification of CO2 invasion at different pressures on the anthracite pore and mechanical properties are studied through mercury intrusion method, low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption and uniaxial compression tests, and their evolution mechanisms are determined by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that after 12 MPa CO2 treatment, the pore volume and specific surface area of the anthracite increased from 11.34 × 10−3 cc/g and 0.610 m2/g to 14.50 × 10−3cc/g and 1.983 m2/g, respectively. After CO2 reaction at 4, 8 and 12 MPa, uniaxial compressive strength of the anthracite decreased by 6.29 %, 33.45 % and 34.93 %, respectively, and elastic modulus reduced by 2.53 %, 11.84 % and 14.30 %, respectively. After supercritical CO2 saturation, the pore structure is more advanced and the mechanical degradation is more remarkable of the anthracite, which is mainly due to more significant minerals dissolution, functional groups extraction, the destruction of microcrystalline structure, order decrease and plastic effect. The conclusions suggest that the CO2 pressure near the critical point should be selected for CO2 sequestration in anthracite coal seams, so as to not only increase the sequestration amount of CO2, but also ensure the safety of sequestration.
{"title":"Mechanical response and pore structure evolution of anthracite induced by CO2 adsorption: Effect of adsorption pressure","authors":"Xiaolei Wang, Dongming Zhang, Xunxian Shi, Chenyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.124","url":null,"abstract":"To find the optimal CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> storage pressure in anthracite seams, the modification of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> invasion at different pressures on the anthracite pore and mechanical properties are studied through mercury intrusion method, low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption and uniaxial compression tests, and their evolution mechanisms are determined by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that after 12 MPa CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> treatment, the pore volume and specific surface area of the anthracite increased from 11.34 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−3</ce:sup> cc/g and 0.610 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/g to 14.50 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−3</ce:sup>cc/g and 1.983 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/g, respectively. After CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> reaction at 4, 8 and 12 MPa, uniaxial compressive strength of the anthracite decreased by 6.29 %, 33.45 % and 34.93 %, respectively, and elastic modulus reduced by 2.53 %, 11.84 % and 14.30 %, respectively. After supercritical CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> saturation, the pore structure is more advanced and the mechanical degradation is more remarkable of the anthracite, which is mainly due to more significant minerals dissolution, functional groups extraction, the destruction of microcrystalline structure, order decrease and plastic effect. The conclusions suggest that the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> pressure near the critical point should be selected for CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> sequestration in anthracite coal seams, so as to not only increase the sequestration amount of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, but also ensure the safety of sequestration.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the increasing global development of deepwater condensate reservoirs, the potential risks of leaks from condensate gas and oil are significant. However, existing oil spill models have limitations in simulating these leaks, particularly in handling multiphase bubbles and hydrate morphology. This study adopts thermodynamic models to simulate the phase change of condensate gas during deepwater ascent, accounting for multiphase bubble partitioning. The effect of hydrate shell morphology evolution on leakage transport is improved to enhance model applicability and accuracy. Comparative analysis with laboratory and field data reveals an average relative error of less than 10 %, demonstrating robust predictive capability. The model was applied to a short-term leakage scenario in a South China Sea condensate field. Results showed a complete depletion of gas-phase components in the condensate bubbles, with 18 % of liquid-phase components (C5 and C6) remaining to be transported to the far field. Additionally, a 0.55 km² oil slick was detected 360 m southwest of the leakage point after 72 h of reciprocating flow. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation for emergency response and consequence assessment of subsea oil and gas pipeline leaks, advancing related research and applications.
{"title":"Enhanced modeling of deep-water condensate transport and dispersion in the South China Sea","authors":"Qiuyan Wang, Yuling Lü, Xiaoming Luo, Xuerui Zang, Binxi Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.111","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing global development of deepwater condensate reservoirs, the potential risks of leaks from condensate gas and oil are significant. However, existing oil spill models have limitations in simulating these leaks, particularly in handling multiphase bubbles and hydrate morphology. This study adopts thermodynamic models to simulate the phase change of condensate gas during deepwater ascent, accounting for multiphase bubble partitioning. The effect of hydrate shell morphology evolution on leakage transport is improved to enhance model applicability and accuracy. Comparative analysis with laboratory and field data reveals an average relative error of less than 10 %, demonstrating robust predictive capability. The model was applied to a short-term leakage scenario in a South China Sea condensate field. Results showed a complete depletion of gas-phase components in the condensate bubbles, with 18 % of liquid-phase components (C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">6</ce:inf>) remaining to be transported to the far field. Additionally, a 0.55 km² oil slick was detected 360 m southwest of the leakage point after 72 h of reciprocating flow. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation for emergency response and consequence assessment of subsea oil and gas pipeline leaks, advancing related research and applications.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thermal runaway (TR) process of lithium-ion battery releases a lot of heat and is accompanied by the production of gas, resulting in the deformation of the battery. However, the deformation of battery caused by TR is worth studying, especially the simulation on the deformation of the battery based on internal pressure. In this study, the TR experiment of a commercial lithium-ion cell was carried out, and based on the internal pressure data during TR, a deformation model was developed, extending from the cell level to the battery module level, to simulate the deformation process of the battery module based on internal pressure. The results show that the maximum pressure of the two repeated TR experiments is 5.656 bar and 5.478 bar, respectively. The four voltage fluctuations during the TR process represent the TR of four jelly rolls respectively, and the TR lasts from 775.2 s to 787.9 s. The deformation model shows that the maximum stress of the cell occurs at the vent valve, and was verified by the remain after TR experiment. Under the action of internal pressure, the battery module expands and deforms towards the large surface, squeezing the adjacent battery, and protrudes into the cell that first triggered TR. The deformation of each battery is 9.97 mm, 9.92 mm and 10.56 mm respectively. The model can describe the deformation behavior of battery, and provide guidance for designing safer battery system structure and battery safety warning system.
{"title":"Dynamic simulation on the deformation of the battery module under thermal runaway propagation based on internal pressure","authors":"Wenyu Dong, Chengshan Xu, Wensheng Huang, Yong Peng, Mengqi Zhang, Huaibin Wang, Changyong Jin, Yuezhen Fan, Xuning Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.114","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal runaway (TR) process of lithium-ion battery releases a lot of heat and is accompanied by the production of gas, resulting in the deformation of the battery. However, the deformation of battery caused by TR is worth studying, especially the simulation on the deformation of the battery based on internal pressure. In this study, the TR experiment of a commercial lithium-ion cell was carried out, and based on the internal pressure data during TR, a deformation model was developed, extending from the cell level to the battery module level, to simulate the deformation process of the battery module based on internal pressure. The results show that the maximum pressure of the two repeated TR experiments is 5.656 bar and 5.478 bar, respectively. The four voltage fluctuations during the TR process represent the TR of four jelly rolls respectively, and the TR lasts from 775.2 s to 787.9 s. The deformation model shows that the maximum stress of the cell occurs at the vent valve, and was verified by the remain after TR experiment. Under the action of internal pressure, the battery module expands and deforms towards the large surface, squeezing the adjacent battery, and protrudes into the cell that first triggered TR. The deformation of each battery is 9.97 mm, 9.92 mm and 10.56 mm respectively. The model can describe the deformation behavior of battery, and provide guidance for designing safer battery system structure and battery safety warning system.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concentrated analysis of LDPE powder in combustion and explosion flame indicated that different aspect ratio of powder had different explosion characteristics, as well as flame evolution characteristics during combustion and explosion processes. In this paper, the explosion characteristics and decomposition behavior of LDPE powder with different aspect ratios were tested and analyzed, focusing on the flame evolution behavior and mechanism of LDPE powder with different aspect ratios during combustion and explosion. The results indicated that LDPE powder with low aspect ratio was more likely to be triggered, with a minimum ignition energy of 500 mJ and higher explosion pressure of 5.5 bar. The flame of LDPE powder with low aspect ratio was obviously extinguished during combustion and explosion, due to large powder suspension possessed hysteresis effect in discrete flame propagation, which led to poor combustion propagation of LDPE powder. The LDPE powder with low aspect ratio had a shorter combustion process of 78 ms. The decomposition of high suspended LDPE powder generated more combustible gas such as hydrogen, methane and ethylene, which intensified the explosion intensity and flame behavior. This paper provided a basis for the exploration of the behavior of explosive flame. The data and conclusions obtained in this article can provide certain theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of powder explosion caused by LDPE powder.
{"title":"Research on the explosion behavior and flame evolution characteristics of LDPE powder with different sizes","authors":"Yao Chen, Zhichen Zhang, Yunfeng Zhu, Xiaogang Shi, Bing Sun, Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.116","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrated analysis of LDPE powder in combustion and explosion flame indicated that different aspect ratio of powder had different explosion characteristics, as well as flame evolution characteristics during combustion and explosion processes. In this paper, the explosion characteristics and decomposition behavior of LDPE powder with different aspect ratios were tested and analyzed, focusing on the flame evolution behavior and mechanism of LDPE powder with different aspect ratios during combustion and explosion. The results indicated that LDPE powder with low aspect ratio was more likely to be triggered, with a minimum ignition energy of 500 mJ and higher explosion pressure of 5.5 bar. The flame of LDPE powder with low aspect ratio was obviously extinguished during combustion and explosion, due to large powder suspension possessed hysteresis effect in discrete flame propagation, which led to poor combustion propagation of LDPE powder. The LDPE powder with low aspect ratio had a shorter combustion process of 78 ms. The decomposition of high suspended LDPE powder generated more combustible gas such as hydrogen, methane and ethylene, which intensified the explosion intensity and flame behavior. This paper provided a basis for the exploration of the behavior of explosive flame. The data and conclusions obtained in this article can provide certain theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of powder explosion caused by LDPE powder.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.097
Wei Zhao, Jingwei Huang, Kai Wang, Peifeng Hu, Yue Huang, Chengxin Li, Yuxuan Zhu, Long Fan, Lijun Zhao
Under the "dual carbon goals" framework, China's coal production is experiencing a decline, leading to an increasing number of abandoned mines. The overlying rock layers in the abandoned mine's goaf are susceptible to secondary movements, and the surface is prone to fissures, which can result in secondary disasters. The surface ecological rehabilitation of abandoned mines is gaining prominence, particularly in ecologically fragile areas. This paper presents a novel method of ecological restoration tailored to the low moisture, high-sand soil conditions in northwest China utilizing sea buckthorn crops. To evaluate the effectiveness of this restoration method, soil samples were collected from various subsidence depths in a mine located in the northwest China. These samples were subsequently analyzed to determine their composition. Additionally, a soil mechanic model was established based on the geological conditions and surface deformation was examined through numerical simulation to define the boundaries for ecological restoration. By integrating combining the growth characteristics of sea buckthorn with the soil model and lab data, we identified zones with varying degrees of suitability for sea buckthorn growth within the subsidence area. The study quantitatively delineated these suitability zones, revealing the substantial impact of soil properties in the post-mining subsidence zone on the quality and viability of sea buckthorn crops. Moreover, mature sea buckthorn crops can be utilized for multiple purposes, including biofuel production, animal feed, oil extraction, and flavonoid extraction, thereby offering considerable economic value. In this context, we propose a closed-loop management concept termed the "restoration-output mode," providing a valuable data reference for the environmental restoration and sustainable management of subsidence areas.
{"title":"How to restore ecology and reduce carbon emissions in abandoned mines in a safe and environmentally friendly way？","authors":"Wei Zhao, Jingwei Huang, Kai Wang, Peifeng Hu, Yue Huang, Chengxin Li, Yuxuan Zhu, Long Fan, Lijun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.097","url":null,"abstract":"Under the \"dual carbon goals\" framework, China's coal production is experiencing a decline, leading to an increasing number of abandoned mines. The overlying rock layers in the abandoned mine's goaf are susceptible to secondary movements, and the surface is prone to fissures, which can result in secondary disasters. The surface ecological rehabilitation of abandoned mines is gaining prominence, particularly in ecologically fragile areas. This paper presents a novel method of ecological restoration tailored to the low moisture, high-sand soil conditions in northwest China utilizing sea buckthorn crops. To evaluate the effectiveness of this restoration method, soil samples were collected from various subsidence depths in a mine located in the northwest China. These samples were subsequently analyzed to determine their composition. Additionally, a soil mechanic model was established based on the geological conditions and surface deformation was examined through numerical simulation to define the boundaries for ecological restoration. By integrating combining the growth characteristics of sea buckthorn with the soil model and lab data, we identified zones with varying degrees of suitability for sea buckthorn growth within the subsidence area. The study quantitatively delineated these suitability zones, revealing the substantial impact of soil properties in the post-mining subsidence zone on the quality and viability of sea buckthorn crops. Moreover, mature sea buckthorn crops can be utilized for multiple purposes, including biofuel production, animal feed, oil extraction, and flavonoid extraction, thereby offering considerable economic value. In this context, we propose a closed-loop management concept termed the \"restoration-output mode,\" providing a valuable data reference for the environmental restoration and sustainable management of subsidence areas.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.110
Dan Luo, Hongyan Nan, Yingshuang Zhang, Farooq Sher, Chongqing Wang
Phosphorus is an essential element for sustaining life, and efficient recovery and recycling of phosphorus is a great challenge. One significant and practical strategy for phosphorus recycling and pollution reduction is phosphorus recovery from wastewater. An innovative modified co-precipitation method was developed to prepare calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxide/biochar (NCo-CA) for the adsorption and recovery of phosphorus. Characterizations reveal that biochar is loaded with many micrometer-sized lamellar Ca-Al layered double hydroxides, exhibiting high crystallinity, a large surface area (41.55 m2/g), rich surface groups, and a positively charged surface. NCo-CA has an excellent adsorption capacity of phosphorus (218.82 mg/g). Phosphorus adsorption reaches equilibrium around 240 min. NCo-CA has high selectivity for phosphorus adsorption in the presence of co-existing anions (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-), and solution pH (3−11) has little influence on phosphorus adsorption. Phosphorus adsorption onto NCo-CA follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, indicating chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. The Ca-Al LDH in NCo-CA plays an important role in phosphorus adsorption, involving complex formation between Ca and Al and phosphate ions, the exchange of Cl- in LDH and phosphate ions, and surface complexation induced by the oxygen-containing groups. The available phosphorus in P-rich NCo-CA accounts for 95.83 %. The phosphorus release maintains 4.13–4.95 mg/L in eight release runs. The presence of P-rich NCo-CA significantly improves plant growth, highlighting the potential for wastewater-to-phosphorus recovery as a sustainable slow-release fertilizer in agricultural systems. This study contributes to the development of a closed-loop phosphorus recycling system, promoting both effective wastewater treatment and agricultural productivity through enhanced phosphorus recovery and utilization.
{"title":"Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by Ca-Al layered double hydroxide/biochar as potential agricultural phosphorus for closed-loop phosphorus recycling","authors":"Dan Luo, Hongyan Nan, Yingshuang Zhang, Farooq Sher, Chongqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.110","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is an essential element for sustaining life, and efficient recovery and recycling of phosphorus is a great challenge. One significant and practical strategy for phosphorus recycling and pollution reduction is phosphorus recovery from wastewater. An innovative modified co-precipitation method was developed to prepare calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxide/biochar (NCo-CA) for the adsorption and recovery of phosphorus. Characterizations reveal that biochar is loaded with many micrometer-sized lamellar Ca-Al layered double hydroxides, exhibiting high crystallinity, a large surface area (41.55 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/g), rich surface groups, and a positively charged surface. NCo-CA has an excellent adsorption capacity of phosphorus (218.82 mg/g). Phosphorus adsorption reaches equilibrium around 240 min. NCo-CA has high selectivity for phosphorus adsorption in the presence of co-existing anions (Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>, NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>, HCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>, SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2-</ce:sup>), and solution pH (3−11) has little influence on phosphorus adsorption. Phosphorus adsorption onto NCo-CA follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, indicating chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. The Ca-Al LDH in NCo-CA plays an important role in phosphorus adsorption, involving complex formation between Ca and Al and phosphate ions, the exchange of Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> in LDH and phosphate ions, and surface complexation induced by the oxygen-containing groups. The available phosphorus in P-rich NCo-CA accounts for 95.83 %. The phosphorus release maintains 4.13–4.95 mg/L in eight release runs. The presence of P-rich NCo-CA significantly improves plant growth, highlighting the potential for wastewater-to-phosphorus recovery as a sustainable slow-release fertilizer in agricultural systems. This study contributes to the development of a closed-loop phosphorus recycling system, promoting both effective wastewater treatment and agricultural productivity through enhanced phosphorus recovery and utilization.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycling of iron and aluminum from iron-rich bauxite residue (IRBR) offers a promising way for its high-value utilization, which is challenging due to its complex mineral composition. In this work, a two-step phase reconstruction process was proposed to sequentially extract aluminum and iron from IRBR. The process involves alkaline roasting and low-temperature reductive roasting-magnetic separation. Under the optimized alkali roasting condition, aluminum minerals in IRBR were transformed to sodium aluminate, and 64.27 % of the alumina could be efficiently leached and separated into the liquid phase, and iron content was enriched to 45.12 % in the residue. Following low-temperature reductive roasting, hematite in the residue could be selectively converted into magnetite. The transformed product after magnetic separation achieved iron grade and recovery rate of 60.6 % and 96.8 %, respectively, which could be utilized as a premium-grade industrial magnetite concentrate. This work may offer a new route for comprehensive recovery of Al and Fe from IRBR.
{"title":"Gradient-based separation of iron and aluminum from bauxite residue through a two-step phase reconstruction process","authors":"Jiajian Liu, Lijia Liao, Dewen He, Feng Zhu, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.12.113","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling of iron and aluminum from iron-rich bauxite residue (IRBR) offers a promising way for its high-value utilization, which is challenging due to its complex mineral composition. In this work, a two-step phase reconstruction process was proposed to sequentially extract aluminum and iron from IRBR. The process involves alkaline roasting and low-temperature reductive roasting-magnetic separation. Under the optimized alkali roasting condition, aluminum minerals in IRBR were transformed to sodium aluminate, and 64.27 % of the alumina could be efficiently leached and separated into the liquid phase, and iron content was enriched to 45.12 % in the residue. Following low-temperature reductive roasting, hematite in the residue could be selectively converted into magnetite. The transformed product after magnetic separation achieved iron grade and recovery rate of 60.6 % and 96.8 %, respectively, which could be utilized as a premium-grade industrial magnetite concentrate. This work may offer a new route for comprehensive recovery of Al and Fe from IRBR.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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