Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

英文中文

Advances in electrochemical methods for rare earth elements recovery: “A comprehensive review”

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106897

Tugce Akca-Guler , Ayse Yuksekdag , Borte Kose-Mutlu , Ismail Koyuncu

The global demand for Rare Earth Elements (REEs), critical for high-tech industries, presents significant environmental challenges due to the impacts of traditional mining methods. This review focuses on the potential of electrochemical techniques for the sustainable recovery of REEs, particularly from secondary sources like electronic waste. These methods offer substantial environmental benefits, such as lower energy use and reduced hazardous waste. The review evaluates key electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical leaching, electrodialysis, electrosorption, and electrodeposition, for their effectiveness in REEs recovery. Electrochemical leaching dissolves REEs from complex materials using fewer toxic chemicals. Electrodialysis, using an electric field, efficiently separates and purifies REEs from other ions. Electrosorption employs charged surfaces to selectively adsorb REEs with minimal energy, while electrodeposition directly recovers high-purity REEs from solutions. A life cycle analysis (LCA) comparing these techniques to traditional methods highlights their superior sustainability, especially in lowering energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. These methods contribute significantly to resource sustainability and the circular economy. Advancing electrochemical technologies is essential for minimizing environmental impacts, conserving resources, and meeting the increasing demand for REEs in an environmentally friendly way.

{"title":"Advances in electrochemical methods for rare earth elements recovery: “A comprehensive review”","authors":"Tugce Akca-Guler , Ayse Yuksekdag , Borte Kose-Mutlu , Ismail Koyuncu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global demand for Rare Earth Elements (REEs), critical for high-tech industries, presents significant environmental challenges due to the impacts of traditional mining methods. This review focuses on the potential of electrochemical techniques for the sustainable recovery of REEs, particularly from secondary sources like electronic waste. These methods offer substantial environmental benefits, such as lower energy use and reduced hazardous waste. The review evaluates key electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical leaching, electrodialysis, electrosorption, and electrodeposition, for their effectiveness in REEs recovery. Electrochemical leaching dissolves REEs from complex materials using fewer toxic chemicals. Electrodialysis, using an electric field, efficiently separates and purifies REEs from other ions. Electrosorption employs charged surfaces to selectively adsorb REEs with minimal energy, while electrodeposition directly recovers high-purity REEs from solutions. A life cycle analysis (LCA) comparing these techniques to traditional methods highlights their superior sustainability, especially in lowering energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. These methods contribute significantly to resource sustainability and the circular economy. Advancing electrochemical technologies is essential for minimizing environmental impacts, conserving resources, and meeting the increasing demand for REEs in an environmentally friendly way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106897"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Techno-economic feasibility of heat recovery chillers in subtropical hotel buildings

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106916

Fu-Wing Yu, Wai-Tung Ho, Chak-Fung Jeff Wong

Despite the environmental and economic benefits of heat recovery chillers (HRCs), their advantages are not well-identified, particularly in subtropical hotel buildings. This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of using HRC systems in subtropical hotel buildings, compared to conventional air-cooled and water-cooled chiller systems. The study employs EnergyPlus simulations to model the performance of the different chiller systems, and assesses the operating costs based on utility tariffs in Hong Kong. The results show that by recovering waste condenser heat for domestic hot water, HRCs can achieve 40.44 % energy savings and 57.12 kgCO₂e/m² annual emissions reduction, surpassing the benefits of solar water heating. HRCs also demonstrate 28.44 % and 10.71 % lower life cycle costs compared to air-cooled and water-cooled systems, respectively, with a 160.94 % return on investment. This research highlights the unique advantages of HRCs in subtropical regions and their potential to drive sustainable and cost-effective cooling solutions in hotel buildings, which have not been extensively explored before.

{"title":"Techno-economic feasibility of heat recovery chillers in subtropical hotel buildings","authors":"Fu-Wing Yu, Wai-Tung Ho, Chak-Fung Jeff Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the environmental and economic benefits of heat recovery chillers (HRCs), their advantages are not well-identified, particularly in subtropical hotel buildings. This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of using HRC systems in subtropical hotel buildings, compared to conventional air-cooled and water-cooled chiller systems. The study employs EnergyPlus simulations to model the performance of the different chiller systems, and assesses the operating costs based on utility tariffs in Hong Kong. The results show that by recovering waste condenser heat for domestic hot water, HRCs can achieve 40.44 % energy savings and 57.12 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m<sup>2</sup> annual emissions reduction, surpassing the benefits of solar water heating. HRCs also demonstrate 28.44 % and 10.71 % lower life cycle costs compared to air-cooled and water-cooled systems, respectively, with a 160.94 % return on investment. This research highlights the unique advantages of HRCs in subtropical regions and their potential to drive sustainable and cost-effective cooling solutions in hotel buildings, which have not been extensively explored before.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106916"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the effects of natural hazards on chemical emission incidents using machine learning techniques

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106900

Haoyu Yang , Chi-Yang Li , Lei Zou , Qingsheng Wang

Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natechs) pose significant risks to industrial safety, particularly in regions vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. This study explores the impact of various climate variables on the frequency of chemical emission incidents in Houston, TX, aiming to understand the major contributors of Natechs from a data-driven perspective and enhance predictive capabilities for process safety management. Machine learning models, including XGBoost, Random Forest, k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and support vector machine (SVM), were developed to predict high-risk days for chemical emission incidents, using local climate data as inputs. Conformal prediction techniques were employed to control error rates and optimize the balance between sensitivity and specificity. The results demonstrate that XGBoost and Random Forest models outperformed the others, achieving ROC AUC scores exceeding 0.8. Furthermore, the conformal wrapper indicated XGBoost as the more promising model, particularly under higher specificity requirements: at controlled specificity values of 0.75 and 0.80, its guaranteed sensitivity values were 0.765 and 0.750, compared to Random Forest’s 0.649 and 0.610, respectively. Notably, precipitation and lightning were identified as the most significant contributors to chemical emission incidents. Overall, this study provides a framework for using climate data in predictive models for Natechs with novel conformal error control strategies, offering valuable insights for proactive risk assessment and facilitating process safety protocols.

{"title":"Understanding the effects of natural hazards on chemical emission incidents using machine learning techniques","authors":"Haoyu Yang , Chi-Yang Li , Lei Zou , Qingsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natechs) pose significant risks to industrial safety, particularly in regions vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. This study explores the impact of various climate variables on the frequency of chemical emission incidents in Houston, TX, aiming to understand the major contributors of Natechs from a data-driven perspective and enhance predictive capabilities for process safety management. Machine learning models, including XGBoost, Random Forest, k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and support vector machine (SVM), were developed to predict high-risk days for chemical emission incidents, using local climate data as inputs. Conformal prediction techniques were employed to control error rates and optimize the balance between sensitivity and specificity. The results demonstrate that XGBoost and Random Forest models outperformed the others, achieving ROC AUC scores exceeding 0.8. Furthermore, the conformal wrapper indicated XGBoost as the more promising model, particularly under higher specificity requirements: at controlled specificity values of 0.75 and 0.80, its guaranteed sensitivity values were 0.765 and 0.750, compared to Random Forest’s 0.649 and 0.610, respectively. Notably, precipitation and lightning were identified as the most significant contributors to chemical emission incidents. Overall, this study provides a framework for using climate data in predictive models for Natechs with novel conformal error control strategies, offering valuable insights for proactive risk assessment and facilitating process safety protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106900"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-cost crosslinked PVA membranes as alternative proton exchange membrane in hemodialysis wastewater fed bioelectrochemical fuel cells

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106915

Bhanupriya Das , Mithilesh Pasawan , Chin Tsan Wang , K. Anki Reddy , Kha Lil Dinh , Satinder K. Brar , Vimal Katiyar , Shiao-Shing Chen

Hemodialysis (HD) is a highly water and electricity-consuming process. Untreated hemodialysis wastewater (HDWW) has high chemical oxygen demand when discharged at a temperature of 20–25 °C. It causes significant wastage of thermal energy posing a challenge in achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offers a ground-breaking solution for reusing HDWW, thereby reducing the carbon footprint of HD. However, MFCs are practically limited by cost of Nafion 117. In this study, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) previously used in HD for the effective removal of creatinine and larger molecular weight pollutants, is utilized as Nafion-alternative proton exchange membrane by crosslinking PVA with 5 % glutaraldehyde to harvest bioelectricity from HDWW fed MFCs. The crosslinked PVA membrane achieved a remarkable power density of 320 mW/m² due to its low ohmic resistance of 68.97 Ω, as confirmed by EIS analysis. Additionally, the membrane cost is reduced by eight-fold compared to Nafion-117, making it economically feasible. Moreover, PVA's manufacturing process, which uses water as a solvent, requires no catalyst, and involves zero activation steps, is eco-friendly. Reutilizing HDWW with crosslinked PVA membrane in MFCs advances ZLD in HD by harnessing low-grade heat and generating bioelectricity, thus significantly reducing dialysis waste and its ecological impact.

{"title":"Low-cost crosslinked PVA membranes as alternative proton exchange membrane in hemodialysis wastewater fed bioelectrochemical fuel cells","authors":"Bhanupriya Das , Mithilesh Pasawan , Chin Tsan Wang , K. Anki Reddy , Kha Lil Dinh , Satinder K. Brar , Vimal Katiyar , Shiao-Shing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemodialysis (HD) is a highly water and electricity-consuming process. Untreated hemodialysis wastewater (HDWW) has high chemical oxygen demand when discharged at a temperature of 20–25 °C. It causes significant wastage of thermal energy posing a challenge in achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offers a ground-breaking solution for reusing HDWW, thereby reducing the carbon footprint of HD. However, MFCs are practically limited by cost of Nafion 117. In this study, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) previously used in HD for the effective removal of creatinine and larger molecular weight pollutants, is utilized as Nafion-alternative proton exchange membrane by crosslinking PVA with 5 % glutaraldehyde to harvest bioelectricity from HDWW fed MFCs. The crosslinked PVA membrane achieved a remarkable power density of 320 mW/m² due to its low ohmic resistance of 68.97 Ω, as confirmed by EIS analysis. Additionally, the membrane cost is reduced by eight-fold compared to Nafion-117, making it economically feasible. Moreover, PVA's manufacturing process, which uses water as a solvent, requires no catalyst, and involves zero activation steps, is eco-friendly. Reutilizing HDWW with crosslinked PVA membrane in MFCs advances ZLD in HD by harnessing low-grade heat and generating bioelectricity, thus significantly reducing dialysis waste and its ecological impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106915"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micro-aeration for hydrogen sulfide reduction in full-scale anaerobic digesters with limited headspace: Performance and sulfide reduction kinetics

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106911

Ali Khadir , George Nakhla , Renisha Karki , Lutgarde Raskin , Christopher Muller , Karla Guevarra , Amanda Summers , Laurie Pierce , Parisa Shahbaz , Kati Bell , Steven Skerlos , Embrey Bronstad

A full-scale trial of micro-aeration was conducted at a municipal wastewater plant using two anaerobic digesters with limited headspace, one as a control and one as a test. A reduction of approximately 13 %–16 % in hydrogen sulfide biogas concentrations was observed in the test digester. Microbial community analyses were also conducted at steady-state conditions to determine differences between the microbial ecology of the test and the control digesters. Although sulfide removal typically occurs in the headspace of a micro-aerated digester, the data generated by this pilot study developed a new approach to quantify the contribution of liquid phase sulfide oxidizing microbes (SOM).

引用次数: 0

Energy storage management in a near zero energy building using Li-ion, lead-acid, flywheel, and photovoltaic systems with TRNSYS simulation

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106898

Masoud Haddad , Nader Javani , Behnaz Rezaie

In the present study, a dynamic analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with two electrochemical storage systems, lithium-ion and lead acid batteries, and a flywheel mechanical energy storage system is investigated. Simulations are carried out using TRNSYS software. The considered PV system is installed at Pittsburgh University at Bradford in Pennsylvania, USA. A one-week-long data measurement is obtained for the installed PV system modules. The energy and exergy analyses are employed to evaluate the PV system efficiency. The average energy efficiency of the panel is calculated as 17.3 %, with a peak energy efficiency of 20.6 %. Furthermore, the average daily efficiency of the panel is calculated as 18.6 %, with the highest exergy efficiency of 22.2 %. The State Of Charge (SoC) variation is simulated dynamically, and the fluctuations are studied over the observed period. The inertial weight method is employed to achieve the optimal positioning of panels to maximize power output. The optimum angle of 6 degrees is obtained, which is consistent with locally installed panels. In addition, the study incorporates an economic analysis to estimate the total lifecycle cost of each storage system over a 15-year period, including initial investment, replacement, and operation and maintenance costs. A general review of the environmental performance of the storage systems is also conducted, identifying potential trade-offs between sustainability and energy storage efficiency. The results highlight the potential of PV systems integrated with optimized energy storage technologies to enhance the energy efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of near-zero energy buildings (NZEBs).

{"title":"Energy storage management in a near zero energy building using Li-ion, lead-acid, flywheel, and photovoltaic systems with TRNSYS simulation","authors":"Masoud Haddad , Nader Javani , Behnaz Rezaie","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, a dynamic analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with two electrochemical storage systems, lithium-ion and lead acid batteries, and a flywheel mechanical energy storage system is investigated. Simulations are carried out using TRNSYS software. The considered PV system is installed at Pittsburgh University at Bradford in Pennsylvania, USA. A one-week-long data measurement is obtained for the installed PV system modules. The energy and exergy analyses are employed to evaluate the PV system efficiency. The average energy efficiency of the panel is calculated as 17.3 %, with a peak energy efficiency of 20.6 %. Furthermore, the average daily efficiency of the panel is calculated as 18.6 %, with the highest exergy efficiency of 22.2 %. The State Of Charge (SoC) variation is simulated dynamically, and the fluctuations are studied over the observed period. The inertial weight method is employed to achieve the optimal positioning of panels to maximize power output. The optimum angle of 6 degrees is obtained, which is consistent with locally installed panels. In addition, the study incorporates an economic analysis to estimate the total lifecycle cost of each storage system over a 15-year period, including initial investment, replacement, and operation and maintenance costs. A general review of the environmental performance of the storage systems is also conducted, identifying potential trade-offs between sustainability and energy storage efficiency. The results highlight the potential of PV systems integrated with optimized energy storage technologies to enhance the energy efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of near-zero energy buildings (NZEBs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106898"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental and economic assessment of nitrogen-fixing Nostoc sp. as a sustainable alternative to synthetic urea fertilization

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106917

Mostafa Sobhi , Eman Zakaria , Tamer Elsamahy , Feifei Zhu , Mohamed S. Gaballah , Eid S. Gaballah , Xinjuan Hu , Yi Cui , Shuhao Huo

This study investigated the environmental impact and discussed the economic aspects of substituting synthetic urea (S1) with nitrogen-fixing Nostoc sp. in two agricultural systems: slow-release fertilization (S2) and external nutrient extraction in the form of biogas digestate (S3), which allows for more efficient use of nutrients by plants. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration rate was determined experimentally, while actual outdoor productivity data were obtained from the literature and analyzed for uncertainty. The results showed that replacing one ton of traditional synthetic urea with microalgae-based alternatives (S2 and S3) significantly mitigated global warming potential from 5.4 to 2.3 tons CO_2-eq in S2 and achieved net carbon sequestration of −1.1 tons CO_2-eq in S3 when using biogas in anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, S2 and S3 mitigated the impact of human non-carcinogenic toxicity by 51.0 % and 48.1 %, respectively. However, these alternatives consumed higher water amounts and increased land use significantly. The current cost of equivalent microalgal biomass production is approximately five times higher than the price of urea. Therefore, substituting chemical fertilizer of urea with a natural alternative based on N-fixing Nostoc sp. is not economically feasible at present, despite its positive environmental benefits.

{"title":"Environmental and economic assessment of nitrogen-fixing Nostoc sp. as a sustainable alternative to synthetic urea fertilization","authors":"Mostafa Sobhi , Eman Zakaria , Tamer Elsamahy , Feifei Zhu , Mohamed S. Gaballah , Eid S. Gaballah , Xinjuan Hu , Yi Cui , Shuhao Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the environmental impact and discussed the economic aspects of substituting synthetic urea (S1) with nitrogen-fixing <em>Nostoc</em> sp. in two agricultural systems: slow-release fertilization (S2) and external nutrient extraction in the form of biogas digestate (S3), which allows for more efficient use of nutrients by plants. The carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sequestration rate was determined experimentally, while actual outdoor productivity data were obtained from the literature and analyzed for uncertainty. The results showed that replacing one ton of traditional synthetic urea with microalgae-based alternatives (S2 and S3) significantly mitigated global warming potential from 5.4 to 2.3 tons CO<sub>2-eq</sub> in S2 and achieved net carbon sequestration of −1.1 tons CO<sub>2-eq</sub> in S3 when using biogas in anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, S2 and S3 mitigated the impact of human non-carcinogenic toxicity by 51.0 % and 48.1 %, respectively. However, these alternatives consumed higher water amounts and increased land use significantly. The current cost of equivalent microalgal biomass production is approximately five times higher than the price of urea. Therefore, substituting chemical fertilizer of urea with a natural alternative based on N-fixing <em>Nostoc</em> sp. is not economically feasible at present, despite its positive environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Propagation characteristics of methane/air explosions in pipelines under high temperature and pressure

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106914

Yixiao Zhang, Huimin Liang, Qi Zhang, Simin Ren

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a multidisciplinary and integrated technology for energy production. Due to the requirements of the UCG technology and methane harvesting processes, methane is in a high-temperature and high-pressure state in underground transmission pipelines. A model for the deflagration and detonation of methane/air mixtures under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature conditions was established. The experimental validation under various operating conditions demonstrated that this model can accurately assess the deflagration and detonation processes of methane/air mixtures. The structure of detonation waves under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature was observed, and the critical pressure and critical temperature for initiating deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) were determined. When the initial pressure exceeds 0.75 MPa, the methane/air mixture undergoes DDT, with the detonation pressure exceeding 10 times the initial pressure. The critical concentration range under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature for initiating DDT was also determined. The results presented in this paper possess significant engineering value for guiding the process safety design of UCG.

{"title":"Propagation characteristics of methane/air explosions in pipelines under high temperature and pressure","authors":"Yixiao Zhang, Huimin Liang, Qi Zhang, Simin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a multidisciplinary and integrated technology for energy production. Due to the requirements of the UCG technology and methane harvesting processes, methane is in a high-temperature and high-pressure state in underground transmission pipelines. A model for the deflagration and detonation of methane/air mixtures under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature conditions was established. The experimental validation under various operating conditions demonstrated that this model can accurately assess the deflagration and detonation processes of methane/air mixtures. The structure of detonation waves under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature was observed, and the critical pressure and critical temperature for initiating deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) were determined. When the initial pressure exceeds 0.75 MPa, the methane/air mixture undergoes DDT, with the detonation pressure exceeding 10 times the initial pressure. The critical concentration range under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature for initiating DDT was also determined. The results presented in this paper possess significant engineering value for guiding the process safety design of UCG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106914"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning and response surface methodology for optimization of bioenergy production from sugarcane bagasse biochar-improved anaerobic digestion

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106907

Sachin Krushna Bhujbal , Amrita Preetam , Pooja Ghosh , Virendra Kumar Vijay , Vivek Kumar

This study aimed to optimize and model the cumulative biogas yield (CBY), cumulative methane yield (CMY), and volatile solids reduction (VSR) employing artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) and response surface methodology (RSM) after adding different dosages of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBC) with varying loading rates of rice straw (RS) and inoculum. The optimal operational conditions predicted by the RSM model were SBC addition of 2.81 w/v%, RS loading of 3.17 % TS, and inoculum loading of 3.48 % TS. Validation experiments conducted under these conditions yielded CBY, CMY, and VSR values of 533.1 ± 22.3 mL/g VS, 269.7 ± 11.3 mL/g VS, and 80.3 ± 2.9 %, representing 36.9 %, 36.4 %, and 37.9 % improvements over the control. The optimal operational conditions predicted by RSM showed higher CBY (7.8 %), CMY (6.7 %), and VSR (8 %) than the GA. The CCD-RSM exhibited higher prediction accuracy, with lower prediction errors (2.8 %, 1.0 %, and 1.0 %) for CBY, CMY, and VSR compared to the GA (4.4 %, 2.4 %, and 4.7 %). It is recommended that the optimal operational conditions identified in this study be implemented in continuous pilot-scale AD systems.

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引用次数: 0

Agricultural ditches and ponds potentially enhance nitrogen sink function of paddy system

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106902

Lianhua Liu , Wei Ouyang , Yan Bai , Fang Geng , Fanghua Hao

Agricultural ditches and ponds are important chain for water and nitrogen (N) cycle in paddy system, and deep understanding of their N component dynamics and buffering capacity are paramount importance to control N pollution. In this study, the high-frequency water quality monitoring of different surface water types (paddy field, ditch, and pond) was conducted in a typical paddy system. Dynamic characteristics of total N and its components of different surface water were analyzed, and the corresponding N export dynamics and N sink function of paddy system were identified. Results showed that ditches and ponds had remarkable N buffering capacities for paddy field draiange, with 36.23 %–50.35 % and 57.41 %–69.11 % N concentration reduction during the rice-growing season, respectively. N buffering capacity increased as the water flowed downstream during drainage events, with high N concentration fluctuation in the field ditch water and relative stability in the collector ditch and pond waters. High heterogeneities changes of N components in different rice-growing season were identified in different surface water types. Ammonium N (NH₄⁺-N) and organic N (ON-N) was the dominant form in the regreening stage (44.09 %) and the remaining stages (43.50 %) in the field ponding water, respectively, whereas nitrate N (NO₃^--N) was the dominant form (50.87 %–64.23 %) in the collector ditch water and pond water. The comparison of N fluxes with water movement at different scales demonstrated that ditches and ponds enhanced N sink function of the paddy system, with approximately 50.38 % N runoff reduction of paddy field drainage. These findings revealed that fully utilizing the N sink and buffering capacity of agricultural ditches and ponds acted as a key strategy for water pollution control in paddy field watershed.

{"title":"Agricultural ditches and ponds potentially enhance nitrogen sink function of paddy system","authors":"Lianhua Liu , Wei Ouyang , Yan Bai , Fang Geng , Fanghua Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural ditches and ponds are important chain for water and nitrogen (N) cycle in paddy system, and deep understanding of their N component dynamics and buffering capacity are paramount importance to control N pollution. In this study, the high-frequency water quality monitoring of different surface water types (paddy field, ditch, and pond) was conducted in a typical paddy system. Dynamic characteristics of total N and its components of different surface water were analyzed, and the corresponding N export dynamics and N sink function of paddy system were identified. Results showed that ditches and ponds had remarkable N buffering capacities for paddy field draiange, with 36.23 %–50.35 % and 57.41 %–69.11 % N concentration reduction during the rice-growing season, respectively. N buffering capacity increased as the water flowed downstream during drainage events, with high N concentration fluctuation in the field ditch water and relative stability in the collector ditch and pond waters. High heterogeneities changes of N components in different rice-growing season were identified in different surface water types. Ammonium N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and organic N (ON-N) was the dominant form in the regreening stage (44.09 %) and the remaining stages (43.50 %) in the field ponding water, respectively, whereas nitrate N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N) was the dominant form (50.87 %–64.23 %) in the collector ditch water and pond water. The comparison of N fluxes with water movement at different scales demonstrated that ditches and ponds enhanced N sink function of the paddy system, with approximately 50.38 % N runoff reduction of paddy field drainage. These findings revealed that fully utilizing the N sink and buffering capacity of agricultural ditches and ponds acted as a key strategy for water pollution control in paddy field watershed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106902"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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