Ornidazole (ORN) is an essential antibiotic used for treating infections induced by anaerobic bacteria and parasites. However, their extensive use poses ecological concerns as potential contaminants. To address this issue, we developed an innovative electrochemical sensing probe that utilizes a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a one-dimensional trimetallic CuNiSnO4/MWCNT hybrid material synthesized via coprecipitation. Characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and TEM confirmed the composite's structural integrity and morphology. Electrochemical studies employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated the probe's efficacy in detecting the antiprotozoal drug. The CuNiSnO4/MWCNT composite exhibited exceptional resistance to interference, achieving a remarkable detection limit of 0.060 μM with a wide linear range spanning from 0.09 to 152 μM for ORN detection. Moreover, it demonstrated excellent reproducibility, reusability, and stability. This study also highlights the potential of the CuNiSnO4/MWCNT-modified sensor for real-time monitoring of ORN in both synthetic and biological fluids, emphasizing its applicability in environmental and clinical settings.
{"title":"Efficient electrochemical detection of antibiotic ornidazole in synthetic and biological fluids using a trimetallic CuNiSnO4/MWCNT hybrid","authors":"Chandini Ragumoorthy , Nandini Nataraj , Shen-Ming Chen , G. Kiruthiga , Xin-Ee Phang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ornidazole (ORN) is an essential antibiotic used for treating infections induced by anaerobic bacteria and parasites. However, their extensive use poses ecological concerns as potential contaminants. To address this issue, we developed an innovative electrochemical sensing probe that utilizes a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a one-dimensional trimetallic CuNiSnO<sub>4</sub>/MWCNT hybrid material synthesized via coprecipitation. Characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and TEM confirmed the composite's structural integrity and morphology. Electrochemical studies employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated the probe's efficacy in detecting the antiprotozoal drug. The CuNiSnO<sub>4</sub>/MWCNT composite exhibited exceptional resistance to interference, achieving a remarkable detection limit of 0.060 μM with a wide linear range spanning from 0.09 to 152 μM for ORN detection. Moreover, it demonstrated excellent reproducibility, reusability, and stability. This study also highlights the potential of the CuNiSnO<sub>4</sub>/MWCNT-modified sensor for real-time monitoring of ORN in both synthetic and biological fluids, emphasizing its applicability in environmental and clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106927"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106933
Li Jia , Liang Wang , Yuanping Cheng , Jiang Xu , Baisheng Nie , Shoujian Peng
Coalbed methane (CBM) production confers a range of advantages such as improving coal mine safety, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, diversifying the energy portfolio, and advancing towards carbon peak and neutrality targets. Understanding and delineating the migration patterns of CBM during the production process are crucial for ensuring process safety and environmental protection. This study employed a comprehensive research approach involving physical simulation experiments, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulations to investigate the reservoir-wellbore coupling control mechanism of gas migration during the coproduction of multiple thin coal seams. The results revealed that the gas pressure exhibits stage-wise response characteristics, with the low-pressure reservoirs showing a more pronounced evolution pattern. Increasing the wellbore pressure reduced the resistance to gas pressure expansion, weakened fluid disturbance effects, and led to a significant pressure drawdown funnel. Conversely, decreasing the wellbore pressure intensifies fluid disturbances, making pressure drawdown expansion more challenging and resulting in poor compatibility for co-production CBM. Based on the “dual-pore single-permeability” reservoir gas flow model, a mathematical model for reservoir-wellbore coupling control of fluid migration was established. When the wellbore pressure was relatively low, fluids in low-pressure reservoirs migrated from the coal seam center to the deeper parts, exhibiting centrifugal flow patterns, while the fluid migration in the wellbore was in the opposite direction. In high-pressure reservoirs, fluid migration patterns were centripetal, and the flow in the wellbore was in the same direction, prone to forming congestion effects. Increasing the wellbore pressure facilitates the migration and production of CBM, while decreasing the pressure amplifies the reservoir-wellbore property differences, which was detrimental to CBM production. This research elucidated the migration laws of CBM involving “desorption, diffusion, seepage, and fluid interference”. The findings aimed to provide theoretical guidance for reducing fluid disturbance and enhancing the efficient production of CBM.
{"title":"Enhancing mine safety and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: A comprehensive analysis of fluid migration dynamics in coalbed methane co-production","authors":"Li Jia , Liang Wang , Yuanping Cheng , Jiang Xu , Baisheng Nie , Shoujian Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coalbed methane (CBM) production confers a range of advantages such as improving coal mine safety, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, diversifying the energy portfolio, and advancing towards carbon peak and neutrality targets. Understanding and delineating the migration patterns of CBM during the production process are crucial for ensuring process safety and environmental protection. This study employed a comprehensive research approach involving physical simulation experiments, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulations to investigate the reservoir-wellbore coupling control mechanism of gas migration during the coproduction of multiple thin coal seams. The results revealed that the gas pressure exhibits stage-wise response characteristics, with the low-pressure reservoirs showing a more pronounced evolution pattern. Increasing the wellbore pressure reduced the resistance to gas pressure expansion, weakened fluid disturbance effects, and led to a significant pressure drawdown funnel. Conversely, decreasing the wellbore pressure intensifies fluid disturbances, making pressure drawdown expansion more challenging and resulting in poor compatibility for co-production CBM. Based on the “dual-pore single-permeability” reservoir gas flow model, a mathematical model for reservoir-wellbore coupling control of fluid migration was established. When the wellbore pressure was relatively low, fluids in low-pressure reservoirs migrated from the coal seam center to the deeper parts, exhibiting centrifugal flow patterns, while the fluid migration in the wellbore was in the opposite direction. In high-pressure reservoirs, fluid migration patterns were centripetal, and the flow in the wellbore was in the same direction, prone to forming congestion effects. Increasing the wellbore pressure facilitates the migration and production of CBM, while decreasing the pressure amplifies the reservoir-wellbore property differences, which was detrimental to CBM production. This research elucidated the migration laws of CBM involving “desorption, diffusion, seepage, and fluid interference”. The findings aimed to provide theoretical guidance for reducing fluid disturbance and enhancing the efficient production of CBM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106933"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106945
Jiming Liu, Wenjia Wang, Yongheng Wang, Jiaxiang Zong, Xinyu Lu
Highly saline industrial wastewaters pose significant challenges for effective post-biological treatment due to the presence of humic acid (HA) and nitrate, which can severely impede the efficiency of conventional purification processes. Despite these challenges, there is a notable lack of studies focusing on the simultaneous removal of HA and total nitrogen (TN). This study innovatively employed a three-dimensional FeS2 particle electrode to address this gap, aiming to simultaneously remove TOC and TN from high-salinity waters. Through comprehensive investigation of performance and underlying mechanisms, we identified that reactive oxygen species, specifically hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide anions (O2•−), and singlet oxygen (1O2), played pivotal roles in the synergistic degradation of TOC and TN. Notably, our results demonstrated that an optimal initial NO3--N to HA ratio of 1:3 significantly enhanced the synergistic removal efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the removal rates of TOC, NO₃⁻-N and TN reached 92.2 %, 92.6 %, and 93.3 %, respectively. Additionally, the system showed good applicability in treating actual wastewater, achieving removal rates of 85.2 % for TOC, 99.7 % for NO₃⁻-N, and 88.4 % for TN. Post-treatment analysis revealed the formation of a stable core-shell structure (FeS2@FeOOH) on the particle electrode, which not only maintained the integrity of the material but also facilitated its sustained use. These findings not only provide valuable scientific insights but also offer practical solutions to improve the biochemical treatment of high-salinity industrial wastewaters, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable water purification technologies.
{"title":"Using FeS2 3D electrochemical treatment for the simultaneous removal of humid acid and nitrate from high-saline wastewater","authors":"Jiming Liu, Wenjia Wang, Yongheng Wang, Jiaxiang Zong, Xinyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly saline industrial wastewaters pose significant challenges for effective post-biological treatment due to the presence of humic acid (HA) and nitrate, which can severely impede the efficiency of conventional purification processes. Despite these challenges, there is a notable lack of studies focusing on the simultaneous removal of HA and total nitrogen (TN). This study innovatively employed a three-dimensional FeS<sub>2</sub> particle electrode to address this gap, aiming to simultaneously remove TOC and TN from high-salinity waters. Through comprehensive investigation of performance and underlying mechanisms, we identified that reactive oxygen species, specifically hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide anions (O<sub>2</sub>•<sup>−</sup>), and singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>), played pivotal roles in the synergistic degradation of TOC and TN. Notably, our results demonstrated that an optimal initial NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N to HA ratio of 1:3 significantly enhanced the synergistic removal efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the removal rates of TOC, NO₃⁻-N and TN reached 92.2 %, 92.6 %, and 93.3 %, respectively. Additionally, the system showed good applicability in treating actual wastewater, achieving removal rates of 85.2 % for TOC, 99.7 % for NO₃⁻-N, and 88.4 % for TN. Post-treatment analysis revealed the formation of a stable core-shell structure (FeS<sub>2</sub>@FeOOH) on the particle electrode, which not only maintained the integrity of the material but also facilitated its sustained use. These findings not only provide valuable scientific insights but also offer practical solutions to improve the biochemical treatment of high-salinity industrial wastewaters, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable water purification technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106945"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106948
Esil Mülazımoğlu , Batuhan Yardımcı , Nergiz Kanmaz
Biocompatible composite adsorbents were developed by incorporating Fe-based metal-organic framework (MIL-101) and cross-linked chitosan (Ch) onto cinnamon bark (CNM) waste for tetracycline (TC) removal. The synthesized MIL-101 decorated cinnamon (MIL-101@CNM) and chitosan-functionalized MIL-101@CNM (Ch/MIL-101@CNM) composites were thoroughly characterized, and the effects of key adsorption parameters were examined. The required adsorbent dosage and equilibrium time were reduced by half compared to MIL-101@CNM (60 mg, 180 min) with Ch/MIL-101@CNM (30 mg, 90 min). Moreover, adsorption capacity also increased from 9.60 mg g−1 to 33.77 mg g−1. Adsorption data were conformed to the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model for both adsorbents, while the Elovich model showed the best fit for MIL-101@CNM and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for Ch/MIL-101@CNM, indicating distinct adsorption mechanisms and heterogeneous surface interactions. It was observed that pH played dominant role and since both surface and adsorbent were protonated in TC solutions at acidic pH, efficiencies decreased due to electrostatic repulsion. In addition, adsorption processes were exothermic and spontaneous. Increasing humic acid (HA) concentrations also decreased the adsorption rate. After five cycles, TC adsorption decreased from 91.31 % to 76.12 % for MIL-101@CNM and from 98.59 % to 85.03 % for Ch/MIL-101@CNM, confirming their suitability for reuse. The proposed biocomposites offer significant potential for real-world applications, demonstrating sustainable and promising removal of both pharmaceutical and a wide range of anionic and cationic organic dyes from various water sources.
{"title":"Cross-linked chitosan and iron-based metal-organic framework decoration on waste cellulosic biomass for pharmaceutical pollutant removal","authors":"Esil Mülazımoğlu , Batuhan Yardımcı , Nergiz Kanmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocompatible composite adsorbents were developed by incorporating Fe-based metal-organic framework (MIL-101) and cross-linked chitosan (Ch) onto cinnamon bark (CNM) waste for tetracycline (TC) removal. The synthesized MIL-101 decorated cinnamon (MIL-101@CNM) and chitosan-functionalized MIL-101@CNM (Ch/MIL-101@CNM) composites were thoroughly characterized, and the effects of key adsorption parameters were examined. The required adsorbent dosage and equilibrium time were reduced by half compared to MIL-101@CNM (60 mg, 180 min) with Ch/MIL-101@CNM (30 mg, 90 min). Moreover, adsorption capacity also increased from 9.60 mg g<sup>−1</sup> to 33.77 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. Adsorption data were conformed to the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model for both adsorbents, while the Elovich model showed the best fit for MIL-101@CNM and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for Ch/MIL-101@CNM, indicating distinct adsorption mechanisms and heterogeneous surface interactions. It was observed that pH played dominant role and since both surface and adsorbent were protonated in TC solutions at acidic pH, efficiencies decreased due to electrostatic repulsion. In addition, adsorption processes were exothermic and spontaneous. Increasing humic acid (HA) concentrations also decreased the adsorption rate. After five cycles, TC adsorption decreased from 91.31 % to 76.12 % for MIL-101@CNM and from 98.59 % to 85.03 % for Ch/MIL-101@CNM, confirming their suitability for reuse. The proposed biocomposites offer significant potential for real-world applications, demonstrating sustainable and promising removal of both pharmaceutical and a wide range of anionic and cationic organic dyes from various water sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106948"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Never been used in the remediation of rice mill wastewater (RMW), nature-based solutions, such as constructed wetland (CW) and vermifilter (VF), can be utilized to minimize the discharge of organic matter from the industry to the environment. This study employed a three-stage CW integrated with VF to treat synthetic RMW comprising recalcitrant and noxious pollutants such as lignin and phenol. Two systems were fed with synthetic RMW of COD 2000 mg/l with phenol and lignin concentrations of 10 mg/l and 150 mg/l (R1) and 20 mg/l and 150 mg/l (R2), respectively. The COD removal dropped from 92 ± 0.2 % in R1 to 82.2 ± 0.2 % in R2, and lignin from 78.4 ± 0.3 % in R1 to 74.4 ± 0.6 % in R2. The stimulation of proteins and polysaccharides in the bed media of the inlet section of R2 indicated the toxic impact of phenol, resulting in the increased synthesis of EPS as a protective shield for cells via a metabolic pathway. Biofilm batch assay revealed that the increased phenol concentration inhibited the growth of microbes, resulting in decreased biodegradation of COD from 42 ± 2 % in R1 to 29 ± 2 % in R2 and lignin from 28 ± 1.5 % in R1 to 23 ± 1.8 % in R2, respectively. This outcome was corroborated by the lesser population of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in R2. Moreover, increasing phenol concentration reduced dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase enzyme activity by 27 % and 24 %, respectively. It also adversely affected the development of the Canna indica plant and resulted in mottling and wilting of leaves.
{"title":"Shift of system performance and indicators of biofilm development in constructed wetland integrated with vermifilter treating synthetic rice mill wastewater","authors":"Sudeep Kumar Mishra , Puspendu Bhunia , Arindam Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Never been used in the remediation of rice mill wastewater (RMW), nature-based solutions, such as constructed wetland (CW) and vermifilter (VF), can be utilized to minimize the discharge of organic matter from the industry to the environment. This study employed a three-stage CW integrated with VF to treat synthetic RMW comprising recalcitrant and noxious pollutants such as lignin and phenol. Two systems were fed with synthetic RMW of COD 2000 mg/l with phenol and lignin concentrations of 10 mg/l and 150 mg/l (R1) and 20 mg/l and 150 mg/l (R2), respectively. The COD removal dropped from 92 ± 0.2 % in R1 to 82.2 ± 0.2 % in R2, and lignin from 78.4 ± 0.3 % in R1 to 74.4 ± 0.6 % in R2. The stimulation of proteins and polysaccharides in the bed media of the inlet section of R2 indicated the toxic impact of phenol, resulting in the increased synthesis of EPS as a protective shield for cells via a metabolic pathway. Biofilm batch assay revealed that the increased phenol concentration inhibited the growth of microbes, resulting in decreased biodegradation of COD from 42 ± 2 % in R1 to 29 ± 2 % in R2 and lignin from 28 ± 1.5 % in R1 to 23 ± 1.8 % in R2, respectively. This outcome was corroborated by the lesser population of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in R2. Moreover, increasing phenol concentration reduced dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase enzyme activity by 27 % and 24 %, respectively. It also adversely affected the development of the <em>Canna indica</em> plant and resulted in mottling and wilting of leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106939"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106947
Qiyu Shi , Yizhou Feng , Wangbo Wang , Ziyue Xu , Zhihua Li , Weihuang Zhu
A cobalt-based composite porous biochar (Co3O4@KWS) was fabricated by co-precipitation and calcination treatment. The porous biochar could effectively anchor the Co3O4, preventing the agglomeration and maintaining the active reaction sites of Co3O4, and thereby boosting its peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation ability. Co3O4@KWS exhibited dual functionality with both adsorption and catalysis, achieving 97.4 % tetracycline (TC) removal efficiency within 1 h in a broad pH range of 3 −11 via a PMS-based Fenton-like reaction. Co3O4@KWS exhibited a 24-fold increase in specific surface area (991.3 m2∙g−1), a higher degree of graphitization, and improved ability to charge transfer performance than that of Co3O4. Contribution calculations of reactive species revealed that 1O2 was the predominant species of Co3O4@KWS/PMS, followed by •OH, SO4•−, and O2•−. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that Co(II), CO, C−O−C, and sp2−C functioned as the active sites, furthermore, a synergistic effect, induced by the interaction among these active sites, enhanced PMS activation performance significantly. Additionally, the possible degradation pathways for TC were proposed. The subsequent toxicity assessments confirmed the ecological safety of the system. This study proposed a suggestive strategy for developing cobalt-anchored biochar as an eco-friendly and high-performance PMS activator for contaminant water purification.
{"title":"Porous biochar encapsulating highly dispersed Co3O4 as peroxymonosulfate activator for the enhanced tetracycline removal","authors":"Qiyu Shi , Yizhou Feng , Wangbo Wang , Ziyue Xu , Zhihua Li , Weihuang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cobalt-based composite porous biochar (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@KWS) was fabricated by co-precipitation and calcination treatment. The porous biochar could effectively anchor the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, preventing the agglomeration and maintaining the active reaction sites of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and thereby boosting its peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation ability. Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@KWS exhibited dual functionality with both adsorption and catalysis, achieving 97.4 % tetracycline (TC) removal efficiency within 1 h in a broad pH range of 3 −11 <em>via</em> a PMS-based Fenton-like reaction. Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@KWS exhibited a 24-fold increase in specific surface area (991.3 m<sup>2</sup>∙g<sup>−1</sup>), a higher degree of graphitization, and improved ability to charge transfer performance than that of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Contribution calculations of reactive species revealed that <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> was the predominant species of <em>Co</em><sub><em>3</em></sub><em>O</em><sub><em>4</em></sub><em>@KWS/PMS</em>, followed by <sup>•</sup>OH, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup>, and O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that Co(II), C<img>O, C−O−C, and sp<sup>2</sup>−C functioned as the active sites, furthermore, a synergistic effect, induced by the interaction among these active sites, enhanced PMS activation performance significantly. Additionally, the possible degradation pathways for TC were proposed. The subsequent toxicity assessments confirmed the ecological safety of the system. This study proposed a suggestive strategy for developing cobalt-anchored biochar as an eco-friendly and high-performance PMS activator for contaminant water purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106921
Lin Teng , Kangkang Wang , Bin Liu , Weidong Li , Pengbo Yin , Zhenchao Li , Xin Huang , Yu Luo , Lilong Jiang
Ammonia is a high-efficiency and safe hydrogen storage medium. Pipeline transport offers significant economic benefits for long-distance ammonia transportation. However, due to ammonia's toxicity, accidental leaks during transportation can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the dispersion characteristics of liquid ammonia pipeline leaks is essential for safety measures. Prior studies focused on the ammonia dispersion over flat terrain, leaving a gap in understanding the impact of diverse terrains on dispersion dynamics. This study introduces a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate ammonia dispersion over complex terrain, quantifying the influence of topographical features on dispersion consequence distances. Firstly, validation of the numerical model is conducted using a custom-built open-circuit wind tunnel test platform. Secondly, the dispersion of ammonia is analyzed over six representative terrains, highlighting the influence of complex topographies on the consequence distances. Additionally, the effects of leakage flow rate, atmospheric stability, and leakage direction on dispersion over flat terrain are examined. Finally, a comprehensive assessment of potential risks associated with liquid ammonia pipeline leaks across various terrains is provided by the synthesis and analysis. The results indicate that flat terrain simulations cannot conservatively estimate consequence distances for most terrains. Therefore, incorporating local terrain data in dispersion simulations is recommended to determine the impact area accurately.
{"title":"The consequence distance of liquid ammonia release from a pipeline in complex terrain","authors":"Lin Teng , Kangkang Wang , Bin Liu , Weidong Li , Pengbo Yin , Zhenchao Li , Xin Huang , Yu Luo , Lilong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia is a high-efficiency and safe hydrogen storage medium. Pipeline transport offers significant economic benefits for long-distance ammonia transportation. However, due to ammonia's toxicity, accidental leaks during transportation can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the dispersion characteristics of liquid ammonia pipeline leaks is essential for safety measures. Prior studies focused on the ammonia dispersion over flat terrain, leaving a gap in understanding the impact of diverse terrains on dispersion dynamics. This study introduces a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate ammonia dispersion over complex terrain, quantifying the influence of topographical features on dispersion consequence distances. Firstly, validation of the numerical model is conducted using a custom-built open-circuit wind tunnel test platform. Secondly, the dispersion of ammonia is analyzed over six representative terrains, highlighting the influence of complex topographies on the consequence distances. Additionally, the effects of leakage flow rate, atmospheric stability, and leakage direction on dispersion over flat terrain are examined. Finally, a comprehensive assessment of potential risks associated with liquid ammonia pipeline leaks across various terrains is provided by the synthesis and analysis. The results indicate that flat terrain simulations cannot conservatively estimate consequence distances for most terrains. Therefore, incorporating local terrain data in dispersion simulations is recommended to determine the impact area accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106921"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106925
Chenquan Ni , Chang Liu , Jieyi Wang , Yuting Liang , Hui Zhong , Zhiguo He
Recovering lithium from lithium precipitation mother liquor is a challenge for the lithium salt industry to achieve steady development. In this study, we selectively recovered lithium from the mother liquor using solvent extraction, and screened extractants based on lithium affinity using quantum chemical calculation. A β-diketone-organophosphorus synergistic system was screened for lithium extraction. Through a systematic process involving extraction, scrubbing, and stripping, the maximum lithium recovery rate was achieved. After three stages of countercurrent extraction, the lithium extraction rate reached 99.64 %, with a sodium extraction rate of 2.32 %, leaving a lithium concentration of only 6.85 mg/L in the raffinate, demonstrating selective lithium extraction. The stripped solution, when concentrated, yielded a high-purity lithium chloride product. Slope analysis and DFT calculations indicated that the optimal lithium extraction was achieved when the molar concentrations of the extractant and co-extractant were equal. This work provides insights into the sustainable recovery of lithium from lithium precipitation mother liquor.
{"title":"Quantum chemical calculation assisted efficient lithium extraction from lithium precipitation mother liquor via solvent extraction","authors":"Chenquan Ni , Chang Liu , Jieyi Wang , Yuting Liang , Hui Zhong , Zhiguo He","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recovering lithium from lithium precipitation mother liquor is a challenge for the lithium salt industry to achieve steady development. In this study, we selectively recovered lithium from the mother liquor using solvent extraction, and screened extractants based on lithium affinity using quantum chemical calculation. A β-diketone-organophosphorus synergistic system was screened for lithium extraction. Through a systematic process involving extraction, scrubbing, and stripping, the maximum lithium recovery rate was achieved. After three stages of countercurrent extraction, the lithium extraction rate reached 99.64 %, with a sodium extraction rate of 2.32 %, leaving a lithium concentration of only 6.85 mg/L in the raffinate, demonstrating selective lithium extraction. The stripped solution, when concentrated, yielded a high-purity lithium chloride product. Slope analysis and DFT calculations indicated that the optimal lithium extraction was achieved when the molar concentrations of the extractant and co-extractant were equal. This work provides insights into the sustainable recovery of lithium from lithium precipitation mother liquor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106925"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106936
Hang Hu , Lingzhi Yang , Guangsheng Wei , Nanlv Liu , Shuai Wang , Feng Chen , Sheng Yang , Yufeng Guo , Tao Jiang
The electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking route offers a promising pathway for decarbonizing the iron and steel industry (ISI). However, the material-energy consumption and carbon emissions vary significantly depending on the metal charge structure, which complicates carbon accounting and weakens the effectiveness of low-carbon technologies. In this paper, from the life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective, the EAF steelmaking processes under the mixed metal charges of scrap, hot metal (HM), and direct reduced iron (DRI) are concentrated, and the corresponding LCA models and inventories are developed. The life cycle carbon footprints (LCCFs) of four typical scenarios (scrap+HM, DRI+scrap, HM+DRI, HM+scrap+DRI) are quantitatively analyzed and verified. The results reveals the LCCFs of the four scenarios are 439.6–1936.8, 636.7–1484.1, 1656.0–2165.1, and 1006.0–1798.1 kg CO2, respectively. Among them, HM, DRI and electricity are consistently the major contributors to LCCFs. The scrap has the most significant LCCF reduction effect (77.3 %), followed by DRI (31.5 %). Furthermore, the total CO2 mitigation potential of China`s ISI during 2020–2060 is predicted through the research results and future steel demand. The findings suggested that reducing the steel production and changing the production structure can both reduce the ISI CO2 emission, and the largest CO2 mitigation potential is 62.0 % during 2020–2060. When the ISI is integrated with decarbonization technology (carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), and hydrogen-based DRI), the maximum CO2 emissions can be reduced from 1850.0 to 484.1 million tons, achieving a maximum emission reduction effect of 73.8 % in the sustainable development scenario. Based on the LCCFs of metallurgical process sub-units and material-energy consumption items, several targeted carbon reduction measures are proposed. To achieve the long-term carbon neutral goal with the CO2 mitigation potential of above 95 %, more efforts should be focus on innovations of resource-energy structure adjustment and efficiency improvement, smelting process optimization and breakthrough, and large-scale CCUS deployment.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of carbon footprints and mitigation potential in sustainable electric arc furnace steelmaking routes: A life cycle assessment perspective","authors":"Hang Hu , Lingzhi Yang , Guangsheng Wei , Nanlv Liu , Shuai Wang , Feng Chen , Sheng Yang , Yufeng Guo , Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking route offers a promising pathway for decarbonizing the iron and steel industry (ISI). However, the material-energy consumption and carbon emissions vary significantly depending on the metal charge structure, which complicates carbon accounting and weakens the effectiveness of low-carbon technologies. In this paper, from the life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective, the EAF steelmaking processes under the mixed metal charges of scrap, hot metal (HM), and direct reduced iron (DRI) are concentrated, and the corresponding LCA models and inventories are developed. The life cycle carbon footprints (LCCFs) of four typical scenarios (scrap+HM, DRI+scrap, HM+DRI, HM+scrap+DRI) are quantitatively analyzed and verified. The results reveals the LCCFs of the four scenarios are 439.6–1936.8, 636.7–1484.1, 1656.0–2165.1, and 1006.0–1798.1 kg CO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Among them, HM, DRI and electricity are consistently the major contributors to LCCFs. The scrap has the most significant LCCF reduction effect (77.3 %), followed by DRI (31.5 %). Furthermore, the total CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation potential of China`s ISI during 2020–2060 is predicted through the research results and future steel demand. The findings suggested that reducing the steel production and changing the production structure can both reduce the ISI CO<sub>2</sub> emission, and the largest CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation potential is 62.0 % during 2020–2060. When the ISI is integrated with decarbonization technology (carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), and hydrogen-based DRI), the maximum CO<sub>2</sub> emissions can be reduced from 1850.0 to 484.1 million tons, achieving a maximum emission reduction effect of 73.8 % in the sustainable development scenario. Based on the LCCFs of metallurgical process sub-units and material-energy consumption items, several targeted carbon reduction measures are proposed. To achieve the long-term carbon neutral goal with the CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation potential of above 95 %, more efforts should be focus on innovations of resource-energy structure adjustment and efficiency improvement, smelting process optimization and breakthrough, and large-scale CCUS deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.106924
Xiaoming Gao , Guohua Chen , Caiyi Xiong , Wei Pu , Kun Hu , Xiaofeng Li , Tao Zeng , Hongpeng Lv , Lixing Zhou , Honghao Chen
This study aims to establish a theoretical framework using inherent safety concepts to prevent pool fire domino effects during the layout planning stage of chemical storage tank farms. Firstly, the probit and point source thermal radiation models are adopted to capture the accident escalation processes. Then, the principles of dynamic heat radiation synergies are proposed by integrating the thermal radiation intensity at different time steps. Subsequently, Bayesian networks are used to determine the accident topology of domino effects and the failure probabilities of target tanks. Lastly, the failure probabilities are weighted and reconciled using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and tank location importance to develop a quantitative risk assessment tool termed Knock-on Risk Index (KRI). The case study demonstrates that the KRI values of alternatives A, B, and C are respectively 2.51E+ 05, 1.95E+ 05, and 2.79E+ 05, implying that alternative B is the inherently safer layout that can be fundamentally resistant to the potential Tank Pool Fire (TPF) domino effects. This work presents a cohesive set of theoretical solutions to preventing the spatial-temporal risks of the TPF domino effects with inherent safety concepts, which can be used to generate a fundamentally safer layout design scheme without adding extensive passive, active, and administrative protections.
{"title":"A theoretical framework for chemical storage tank pool fire domino effect prevention based on inherent safety concepts","authors":"Xiaoming Gao , Guohua Chen , Caiyi Xiong , Wei Pu , Kun Hu , Xiaofeng Li , Tao Zeng , Hongpeng Lv , Lixing Zhou , Honghao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to establish a theoretical framework using inherent safety concepts to prevent pool fire domino effects during the layout planning stage of chemical storage tank farms. Firstly, the probit and point source thermal radiation models are adopted to capture the accident escalation processes. Then, the principles of dynamic heat radiation synergies are proposed by integrating the thermal radiation intensity at different time steps. Subsequently, Bayesian networks are used to determine the accident topology of domino effects and the failure probabilities of target tanks. Lastly, the failure probabilities are weighted and reconciled using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and tank location importance to develop a quantitative risk assessment tool termed Knock-on Risk Index (KRI). The case study demonstrates that the KRI values of alternatives A, B, and C are respectively 2.51E+ 05, 1.95E+ 05, and 2.79E+ 05, implying that alternative B is the inherently safer layout that can be fundamentally resistant to the potential Tank Pool Fire (TPF) domino effects. This work presents a cohesive set of theoretical solutions to preventing the spatial-temporal risks of the TPF domino effects with inherent safety concepts, which can be used to generate a fundamentally safer layout design scheme without adding extensive passive, active, and administrative protections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号