Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108580
Zhaoyang Wang, Yuanjiang Chang, Guoming Chen, Xinhong Li
Urban buried gas pipelines are critical components of urban infrastructure, but remain highly vulnerable to leakage accidents. These failures are often aggravated by the complex interplay of multiple risk factors, including third-party damage, corrosion, external environment and operational failures. However, existing risk analysis methods, constrained by static structures and limited data, fail to adequately capture high-order couplings among risk factors and the dynamic evolution of accident scenarios. To address these limitations, an integrated dynamic modelling approach considering high-order coupling effects among causal factors was proposed in the present work. In the proposed approach, a high-dimensional DEMATEL–ISM method was used to represent higher-order factor interactions and to construct a hierarchical accident evolution network. The established structure was then mapped into a Bayesian Network (BN), where conditional probability tables (CPTs) were generated using logistic regression to capture individual and combined effects. This preserving high-order coupling in topology and inference while enabling probabilistic risk updating and identification of critical coupling chains. To overcome data sparsity and epistemic uncertainty, a Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis (HBA) framework was established to estimate prior probabilities based on limited failure and precursor data. A case study demonstrates that the coupled model BN-B raises the posterior probabilities of key risk factors such as sabotage and road collapse. Dynamic inference further shows that the accident probability of the uncoupled model BN-A reaches 8.2% in 10 years, while the coupled model BN-B rises to 14.6%. This approach offers enhanced insight into the underlying mechanisms of gas pipeline failures and supports more effective risk control strategies under uncertain conditions.
{"title":"Dynamic risk analysis of urban buried gas pipelines considering high-order coupling effects among causal factors","authors":"Zhaoyang Wang, Yuanjiang Chang, Guoming Chen, Xinhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108580","url":null,"abstract":"Urban buried gas pipelines are critical components of urban infrastructure, but remain highly vulnerable to leakage accidents. These failures are often aggravated by the complex interplay of multiple risk factors, including third-party damage, corrosion, external environment and operational failures. However, existing risk analysis methods, constrained by static structures and limited data, fail to adequately capture high-order couplings among risk factors and the dynamic evolution of accident scenarios. To address these limitations, an integrated dynamic modelling approach considering high-order coupling effects among causal factors was proposed in the present work. In the proposed approach, a high-dimensional DEMATEL–ISM method was used to represent higher-order factor interactions and to construct a hierarchical accident evolution network. The established structure was then mapped into a Bayesian Network (BN), where conditional probability tables (CPTs) were generated using logistic regression to capture individual and combined effects. This preserving high-order coupling in topology and inference while enabling probabilistic risk updating and identification of critical coupling chains. To overcome data sparsity and epistemic uncertainty, a Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis (HBA) framework was established to estimate prior probabilities based on limited failure and precursor data. A case study demonstrates that the coupled model BN-B raises the posterior probabilities of key risk factors such as sabotage and road collapse. Dynamic inference further shows that the accident probability of the uncoupled model BN-A reaches 8.2% in 10 years, while the coupled model BN-B rises to 14.6%. This approach offers enhanced insight into the underlying mechanisms of gas pipeline failures and supports more effective risk control strategies under uncertain conditions.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon sources are generally categorized as either readily degradable or slowly biodegradable organic matter (SBOM). However, the specific ways in which these two types of carbon sources affect the performance of activated sludge systems remain unclear. In this study, three sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were established using starch, palmitic acid, and sodium acetate as carbon sources. The effects of these different carbon sources on sludge sedimentation performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and intracellular carbon source characteristics were systematically investigated. The results indicated that, following filamentous growth, the relative abundance of Thiothrix in starch, palmitic acid, and sodium acetate systems were 7.53 %, 3.44 %, and 14.97 %, respectively. The two SBOM systems demonstrated a buffering effect on filamentous overgrowth. Furthermore, carbon storage metabolism exhibited distinct changes during filamentous bulking. The starch and palmitic acid systems exhibited a metabolic shift from carbon allocation toward EPS synthesis to directing more carbon toward polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage, maintaining relatively stable metabolic functions. In contrast, excessive carbon allocation to EPS production in sodium acetate system resulted in a looser floc structure, further aggravating sludge expansion. The starch and sodium acetate systems primarily relied on glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) for carbon conversion. In comparison, the enrichment of Rubrivivax and Rhodoferax in palmitic acid system facilitated efficient carbon degradation and enhanced intracellular carbon accumulation. Differential expression of the phaA, phaB, and phaC genes was the key mechanism underlying variations in PHA synthesis capacity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of sludge bulking and carbon metabolism.
{"title":"Effect of carbon source type on characteristics of activated sludge flocculation and substrate metabolism","authors":"Chundi Gao, Jiaxin Liu, Xuening Chang, Shi Wang, Chen Jia, Yongzhen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108604","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon sources are generally categorized as either readily degradable or slowly biodegradable organic matter (SBOM). However, the specific ways in which these two types of carbon sources affect the performance of activated sludge systems remain unclear. In this study, three sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were established using starch, palmitic acid, and sodium acetate as carbon sources. The effects of these different carbon sources on sludge sedimentation performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and intracellular carbon source characteristics were systematically investigated. The results indicated that, following filamentous growth, the relative abundance of <ce:italic>Thiothrix</ce:italic> in starch, palmitic acid, and sodium acetate systems were 7.53 %, 3.44 %, and 14.97 %, respectively. The two SBOM systems demonstrated a buffering effect on filamentous overgrowth. Furthermore, carbon storage metabolism exhibited distinct changes during filamentous bulking. The starch and palmitic acid systems exhibited a metabolic shift from carbon allocation toward EPS synthesis to directing more carbon toward polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage, maintaining relatively stable metabolic functions. In contrast, excessive carbon allocation to EPS production in sodium acetate system resulted in a looser floc structure, further aggravating sludge expansion. The starch and sodium acetate systems primarily relied on glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) for carbon conversion. In comparison, the enrichment of <ce:italic>Rubrivivax</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Rhodoferax</ce:italic> in palmitic acid system facilitated efficient carbon degradation and enhanced intracellular carbon accumulation. Differential expression of the <ce:italic>phaA</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>phaB</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>phaC</ce:italic> genes was the key mechanism underlying variations in PHA synthesis capacity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of sludge bulking and carbon metabolism.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108602
Zexi Zhao, Xiwen Yao, Kaili Xu, Jian Wu
Co-firing coal and biomass is a viable pathway to reduce carbon emissions in power plants, but it introduces complex corrosion risks from HCl, SO₂, and H₂O on high-temperature heating surfaces. The synergistic/competitive mechanisms of HCl and SO₂, especially with H₂O present, remain unclear. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of 12Cr1MoV steel in simulated co-firing flue gas (450–570 °C) using a multi-component corrosion simulation system. Corrosion kinetics were analyzed alongside SEM, EDS, BSE, and thermodynamic calculations. Results show that HCl causes severe "active oxidation", being more destructive than SO₂ alone. In mixed atmospheres, SO₂ preferentially adsorbs on metal active sites, competing with HCl and partially suppressing Cl-accelerated corrosion, leading to an intermediate corrosion rate that is non-additive of the individual effects. Moreover, water vapor (10 vol%) significantly inhibited corrosion across all atmospheres by promoting a denser and more stable Cr₂O₃-based layer and altering chlorine/sulfur migration paths via gas-phase reactions, thereby suppressing volatile corrosive products. This work clarifies the non-additive coupling (synergistic/competitive) corrosion mechanism of HCl/SO₂/H₂O coupling corrosion mechanism in co-firing environments, highlighting competitive adsorption and interfacial reactions, and provides essential guidance for operational protection in co-firing power stations.
{"title":"Corrosion behavior of high-temperature heating surfaces by HCl/SO₂/H₂O in coal-biomass Co-firing boilers: A study on synergistic/competitive mechanisms","authors":"Zexi Zhao, Xiwen Yao, Kaili Xu, Jian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108602","url":null,"abstract":"Co-firing coal and biomass is a viable pathway to reduce carbon emissions in power plants, but it introduces complex corrosion risks from HCl, SO₂, and H₂O on high-temperature heating surfaces. The synergistic/competitive mechanisms of HCl and SO₂, especially with H₂O present, remain unclear. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of 12Cr1MoV steel in simulated co-firing flue gas (450–570 °C) using a multi-component corrosion simulation system. Corrosion kinetics were analyzed alongside SEM, EDS, BSE, and thermodynamic calculations. Results show that HCl causes severe \"active oxidation\", being more destructive than SO₂ alone. In mixed atmospheres, SO₂ preferentially adsorbs on metal active sites, competing with HCl and partially suppressing Cl-accelerated corrosion, leading to an intermediate corrosion rate that is non-additive of the individual effects. Moreover, water vapor (10 vol%) significantly inhibited corrosion across all atmospheres by promoting a denser and more stable Cr₂O₃-based layer and altering chlorine/sulfur migration paths via gas-phase reactions, thereby suppressing volatile corrosive products. This work clarifies the non-additive coupling (synergistic/competitive) corrosion mechanism of HCl/SO₂/H₂O coupling corrosion mechanism in co-firing environments, highlighting competitive adsorption and interfacial reactions, and provides essential guidance for operational protection in co-firing power stations.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"321 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adsorption hydrolysis is an efficient strategy for removing COS from blast furnace gas. Consequently, the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalysts with high performance has emerged as a key research priority. In this work, a novel triple-doped (K, Al, N) wood‑based activated carbon catalyst (KAl0.1N0.03‑AC) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for COS hydrolysis at 75 °C. The catalyst exhibited a breakthrough time of 28.5 h and a sulfur capacity of 166.2 mg S/g, representing a 7.1 % increase in sulfur capacity over the undoped K/Al‑AC reference. Comprehensive characterization (XRD, BET, SEM, XPS, TPD, in‑situ DRIFTS) revealed that pyridinic nitrogen, acting as the active nitrogen species, reduced the crystallinity of the graphitic carbon and Al2O3 phases, thereby improving the dispersion of active components. Furthermore, the incorporation of pyridinic nitrogen increased the proportion of chemically adsorbed oxygen (Oβ) by 5.3 % and enhanced the density of weak basic sites on the catalyst surface by 53.9 %. In situ DRIFTS studies further indicated that the KAl0.1N0.03-AC catalyst strengthened COS adsorption and activation, promoting the generation of crucial intermediate compounds, namely HCO3- and HSCO2-. The work therefore not only demonstrates a high‑performance, low‑temperature catalyst but also clarifies the synergistic mechanism of K–Al–N triple doping, providing a rational design strategy for advanced carbon‑based hydrolysis catalysts.
{"title":"Enhanced COS removal by N-doped and K/Al-modified activated carbon: Synthesis, performance, and mechanistic insights","authors":"Yuxuan Hua, Jian Gao, Wenlan Zhang, Boya Zhang, Wenxuan Luo, Kai Shen, Yaping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108600","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption hydrolysis is an efficient strategy for removing COS from blast furnace gas. Consequently, the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalysts with high performance has emerged as a key research priority. In this work, a novel triple-doped (K, Al, N) wood‑based activated carbon catalyst (KAl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.1</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.03</ce:inf>‑AC) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for COS hydrolysis at 75 °C. The catalyst exhibited a breakthrough time of 28.5 h and a sulfur capacity of 166.2 mg S/g, representing a 7.1 % increase in sulfur capacity over the undoped K/Al‑AC reference. Comprehensive characterization (XRD, BET, SEM, XPS, TPD, in‑situ DRIFTS) revealed that pyridinic nitrogen, acting as the active nitrogen species, reduced the crystallinity of the graphitic carbon and Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> phases, thereby improving the dispersion of active components. Furthermore, the incorporation of pyridinic nitrogen increased the proportion of chemically adsorbed oxygen (Oβ) by 5.3 % and enhanced the density of weak basic sites on the catalyst surface by 53.9 %. In situ DRIFTS studies further indicated that the KAl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.1</ce:inf>N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.03</ce:inf>-AC catalyst strengthened COS adsorption and activation, promoting the generation of crucial intermediate compounds, namely HCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>- and HSCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-. The work therefore not only demonstrates a high‑performance, low‑temperature catalyst but also clarifies the synergistic mechanism of K–Al–N triple doping, providing a rational design strategy for advanced carbon‑based hydrolysis catalysts.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108598
Haotian Pang , Haole Wang , Qian Tian , Hua Li , Zecong Zhou , Yujiang Wang
Solidification/stabilization is a key technology for efficiently immobilizing heavy metals and enabling the resourceful utilization of solid waste. In this study, a novel low-carbon cementitious material (LCM) was developed by using red mud (RM), calcium carbide slag (CS), and phosphogypsum (PG) as composite alkaline activators, while synergistically activating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA). The effects of different Cr3+ contents and material ratios on the system's mechanical properties, leaching characteristics, and microstructure were investigated, revealing a multi-pathway solidification mechanism of Cr3+. The results show that Cr3+ acts as a "regulator" within a certain range, rather than simply an inhibitor. In the early stages, Cr3+ reacts with OH− in the solution, weakening the early hydration of the matrix. However, over the long term, this delay actually facilitates the ordered diffusion and polymerization of [SiO4]4− and [AlO4]5− in the gel system, thereby enhancing the crosslinking of C−(A)−S−H and N−A−S−H gels. The study further shows that Cr3+ stabilizes and solidifies through three main pathways: substitution of Ca2+ in C−(A)−S−H gel, adsorption and encapsulation by the N−A−S−H gel, and replacement of Al3+ in the AFt crystal structure. Interestingly, when the CS content was maintained between 10 % and 15 %, a new phase, Ca−Cr layered double hydroxide, appeared, providing a new mechanism for Cr3+ fixation. The fixation rate of Cr3+ in all samples exceeds 99.97 %, and compressive strength reaches 30.8 MPa, an increase of 21.5 %, indicating excellent fixation effects and environmental compatibility of LCM with Cr3+.
{"title":"Development of low-carbon cementitious materials for Cr(III) immobilization: Mechanisms of solidification, stabilization, and structural enhancement","authors":"Haotian Pang , Haole Wang , Qian Tian , Hua Li , Zecong Zhou , Yujiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solidification/stabilization is a key technology for efficiently immobilizing heavy metals and enabling the resourceful utilization of solid waste. In this study, a novel low-carbon cementitious material (LCM) was developed by using red mud (RM), calcium carbide slag (CS), and phosphogypsum (PG) as composite alkaline activators, while synergistically activating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA). The effects of different Cr<sup>3</sup><sup>+</sup> contents and material ratios on the system's mechanical properties, leaching characteristics, and microstructure were investigated, revealing a multi-pathway solidification mechanism of Cr<sup>3+</sup>. The results show that Cr<sup>3+</sup> acts as a \"regulator\" within a certain range, rather than simply an inhibitor. In the early stages, Cr<sup>3+</sup> reacts with OH<sup>−</sup> in the solution, weakening the early hydration of the matrix. However, over the long term, this delay actually facilitates the ordered diffusion and polymerization of [SiO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> and [AlO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>5−</sup> in the gel system, thereby enhancing the crosslinking of C−(A)−S−H and N−A−S−H gels. The study further shows that Cr<sup>3+</sup> stabilizes and solidifies through three main pathways: substitution of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in C−(A)−S−H gel, adsorption and encapsulation by the N−A−S−H gel, and replacement of Al<sup>3+</sup> in the AFt crystal structure. Interestingly, when the CS content was maintained between 10 % and 15 %, a new phase, Ca−Cr layered double hydroxide, appeared, providing a new mechanism for Cr<sup>3+</sup> fixation. The fixation rate of Cr<sup>3+</sup> in all samples exceeds 99.97 %, and compressive strength reaches 30.8 MPa, an increase of 21.5 %, indicating excellent fixation effects and environmental compatibility of LCM with Cr<sup>3+</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108598"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108603
Liang Ma, Yifei Peng, Kaixiang Peng
Propagation path identification is an important part of fault diagnosis. It is often used to identify the propagation paths and locate the root causes of faults, which provides information supports for safety assurance and operating maintenance of industrial processes. Nonlinear causalities are common in dynamic industrial processes due to the strong couplings among subsystems and physical properties. When a fault occurs suddenly, its impact is often propagated with delay along causalities, resulting in lags of abnormal responses for related subsystems or control loops. Meanwhile, in high-dimensional industrial processes, traditional methods are prone to the problems of poor efficiency and accuracy, thus compromising process safety. Inspired by those problems, in this paper, a new cloud–edge–device collaboration based propagation path identification framework is proposed for faults in nonlinear dynamic industrial processes. Firstly, the multi-order lag encoder based graph convolutional network is proposed to extract the lag causality features of variables, and thus realizing nonlinear causality analysis by the spatial–temporal information. Secondly, the time-varying dynamic Bayesian network is constructed to identify the propagation paths and predict the future propagation directions of faults by combining the above algorithm and Bayesian estimation. Then, static Bayesian networks of edges and time-varying dynamic Bayesian network of cloud are constructed by the cloud–edge–device collaborative framework for causality analysis of high-dimensional time series and efficiency improvement of propagation path identification. Finally, three datasets from hot rolling process and Tennessee Eastman process are used to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework.
{"title":"A cloud–edge–device collaboration based propagation path identification framework for faults in nonlinear dynamic industrial processes","authors":"Liang Ma, Yifei Peng, Kaixiang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108603","url":null,"abstract":"Propagation path identification is an important part of fault diagnosis. It is often used to identify the propagation paths and locate the root causes of faults, which provides information supports for safety assurance and operating maintenance of industrial processes. Nonlinear causalities are common in dynamic industrial processes due to the strong couplings among subsystems and physical properties. When a fault occurs suddenly, its impact is often propagated with delay along causalities, resulting in lags of abnormal responses for related subsystems or control loops. Meanwhile, in high-dimensional industrial processes, traditional methods are prone to the problems of poor efficiency and accuracy, thus compromising process safety. Inspired by those problems, in this paper, a new cloud–edge–device collaboration based propagation path identification framework is proposed for faults in nonlinear dynamic industrial processes. Firstly, the multi-order lag encoder based graph convolutional network is proposed to extract the lag causality features of variables, and thus realizing nonlinear causality analysis by the spatial–temporal information. Secondly, the time-varying dynamic Bayesian network is constructed to identify the propagation paths and predict the future propagation directions of faults by combining the above algorithm and Bayesian estimation. Then, static Bayesian networks of edges and time-varying dynamic Bayesian network of cloud are constructed by the cloud–edge–device collaborative framework for causality analysis of high-dimensional time series and efficiency improvement of propagation path identification. Finally, three datasets from hot rolling process and Tennessee Eastman process are used to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108599
Zhengbo Li, Dingtao Peng
The brewing industry annually generates 38.6 million tons of solid waste, with 85 % comprising brewery residues, creating significant sustainability challenges. Under pressure to achieve carbon neutrality, wastewater treatment facilities must enhance efficiency while operating with low carbon emissions. Traditional optimization methods cannot effectively handle the high-dimensional nonlinear problems involving 32 coupled variables across multiple scales in brewery wastewater systems. This study proposes a tensor network-driven framework that decomposes the 32-dimensional decision space into six factor matrices with 5–6 dimensions each, enabling parallel computation and multiscale optimization at molecular, process, and system levels. Six-month industrial validation at a 200,000-ton/year brewery demonstrated substantial improvements: energy consumption decreased from 0.90 to 0.56 kWh/m3 (37.8 % reduction), COD removal increased from 85.2 % to 94.6 %, and carbon emissions dropped from 0.65 to 0.13 kg CO2-eq/m3 (80 % reduction). Economic analysis revealed a 14-month payback period and $2.62 million five-year NPV. The quantum-inspired approach provides a replicable solution for intelligent transformation and carbon-neutral transition in wastewater treatment, advancing circular economy implementation in the brewing sector.
酿酒业每年产生3860万吨固体废物，其中85% 为啤酒残留物，这对可持续发展构成了重大挑战。在实现碳中和的压力下，污水处理设施必须在低碳排放的同时提高效率。传统的优化方法不能有效地处理啤酒废水系统中涉及32个耦合变量的多尺度高维非线性问题。本研究提出了一个张量网络驱动的框架，该框架将32维决策空间分解为6个因子矩阵，每个因子矩阵有5-6个维度，可以在分子、过程和系统层面进行并行计算和多尺度优化。在一家年产20万吨的啤酒厂进行的为期6个月的工业验证显示出了实质性的改善：能耗从0.90千瓦时/立方米下降到0.56千瓦时/立方米（减少37.8% %），COD去除率从85.2% %增加到94.6 %，碳排放量从0.65 kg co2当量/立方米下降到0.13 kg co2当量/立方米（减少80% %）。经济分析显示，投资回收期为14个月，5年净现值为262万美元。量子启发的方法为废水处理的智能转换和碳中和过渡提供了可复制的解决方案，推动了酿造行业循环经济的实施。
{"title":"Tensor network-driven pathway optimization for brewery waste recycling: A multi-scale decision framework towards carbon neutrality","authors":"Zhengbo Li, Dingtao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108599","url":null,"abstract":"The brewing industry annually generates 38.6 million tons of solid waste, with 85 % comprising brewery residues, creating significant sustainability challenges. Under pressure to achieve carbon neutrality, wastewater treatment facilities must enhance efficiency while operating with low carbon emissions. Traditional optimization methods cannot effectively handle the high-dimensional nonlinear problems involving 32 coupled variables across multiple scales in brewery wastewater systems. This study proposes a tensor network-driven framework that decomposes the 32-dimensional decision space into six factor matrices with 5–6 dimensions each, enabling parallel computation and multiscale optimization at molecular, process, and system levels. Six-month industrial validation at a 200,000-ton/year brewery demonstrated substantial improvements: energy consumption decreased from 0.90 to 0.56 kWh/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> (37.8 % reduction), COD removal increased from 85.2 % to 94.6 %, and carbon emissions dropped from 0.65 to 0.13 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-eq/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> (80 % reduction). Economic analysis revealed a 14-month payback period and $2.62 million five-year NPV. The quantum-inspired approach provides a replicable solution for intelligent transformation and carbon-neutral transition in wastewater treatment, advancing circular economy implementation in the brewing sector.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108576
Jihui Zhao, Jie Liu, Hongjin Zhong, Lu Luo, Huali He, Haijiao Xie
Steel slag (SS), a major solid waste from the iron and steel industry, possesses a chemical composition similar to Portland cement and exhibits latent hydraulic activity. This study investigated the effects of triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), used as complexing agents, on SS dissolution and the performance of SS-cement based materials in a simulated cement pore solution (Ca(OH)2 and 0.2mol/L NaOH). Results demonstrated that a) TEA exhibited stronger complexation capabilities towards Ca2+ and Fe3+, b) TIPA accelerated the precipitation of hydration products, notably promoting the formation of ettringite. The fundamental difference in Ca2+ complexation ability between TEA and TIPA stems from the influence of their spatial configurations. In the SS-cement system, both complexing agents significantly enhanced the early-age mechanical properties. However, TIPA had a more pronounced effect on later-age strength development. This was attributed to the unique effects by TIPA in improving and optimizing SS-PC pastes pore structure. Furthermore, both agents not only promoted the hydration of mineral phases within both the SS and cement but also facilitated the pozzolanic reaction between the amorphous phase of SS and CH.
{"title":"Dissolution-complexation of steel slag containing alcoholic amine compounds and its hydration properties in composite cement","authors":"Jihui Zhao, Jie Liu, Hongjin Zhong, Lu Luo, Huali He, Haijiao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108576","url":null,"abstract":"Steel slag (SS), a major solid waste from the iron and steel industry, possesses a chemical composition similar to Portland cement and exhibits latent hydraulic activity. This study investigated the effects of triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), used as complexing agents, on SS dissolution and the performance of SS-cement based materials in a simulated cement pore solution (Ca(OH)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and 0.2<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mol/L NaOH). Results demonstrated that a) TEA exhibited stronger complexation capabilities towards Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> and Fe<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>, b) TIPA accelerated the precipitation of hydration products, notably promoting the formation of ettringite. The fundamental difference in Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> complexation ability between TEA and TIPA stems from the influence of their spatial configurations. In the SS-cement system, both complexing agents significantly enhanced the early-age mechanical properties. However, TIPA had a more pronounced effect on later-age strength development. This was attributed to the unique effects by TIPA in improving and optimizing SS-PC pastes pore structure. Furthermore, both agents not only promoted the hydration of mineral phases within both the SS and cement but also facilitated the pozzolanic reaction between the amorphous phase of SS and CH.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108597
Jianyuan Tao, Ping Wang, Hanfeng Jiang, Yu Han
Accurate identification of fire types is critical for guiding appropriate suppression strategies in safety-critical environments. Misguided responses can escalate hazards, resulting in equipment damage, toxic emissions, or severe safety risks. While vision-based fire detection has advanced in real-time recognition, most existing systems remain limited to binary detection and lack support for type-specific suppression guidance. This study proposes a Transformer-based framework for fire-type recognition and suppression strategy mapping, bridging the gap between visual perception and actionable emergency response. The architecture possesses two major advantages: a fire-aware positional encoding, which improves spatial modeling of dynamic fire features, and a fire relation adapter, which facilitates context-aware feature adaptation under complex fire conditions. Unlike prior fire-specific transformer variants, the proposed design introduces explicit fire-aware spatial encoding and relational adaptation tailored to flame and smoke dynamics. Furthermore, a label-based suppression mapping mechanism is developed to associate each recognized fire type with a recommended extinguishing agent, enabling interpretable and operational decision support. To support robust training and evaluation, a dual-source dataset comprising 2480 labeled RGB images across four fire-type categories (Class A/B/C/E) was constructed, combining real-scene fire images with experimentally collected data from 12 representative combustible materials. Experiments show that the proposed framework consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across multiple evaluation metrics, particularly under data-constrained conditions. Experiments show that the proposed framework achieves an F1-score of 82.0% and mAP@0.5 of 80.9%, demonstrating consistent gains across evaluation metrics. The study is presented as a proof-of-concept rather than a deployed system, with current limitations in data scale, fire-class diversity, and field validation.
{"title":"Transformer-based fire-type recognition with suppression strategy mapping for intelligent fire response","authors":"Jianyuan Tao, Ping Wang, Hanfeng Jiang, Yu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108597","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate identification of fire types is critical for guiding appropriate suppression strategies in safety-critical environments. Misguided responses can escalate hazards, resulting in equipment damage, toxic emissions, or severe safety risks. While vision-based fire detection has advanced in real-time recognition, most existing systems remain limited to binary detection and lack support for type-specific suppression guidance. This study proposes a Transformer-based framework for fire-type recognition and suppression strategy mapping, bridging the gap between visual perception and actionable emergency response. The architecture possesses two major advantages: a fire-aware positional encoding, which improves spatial modeling of dynamic fire features, and a fire relation adapter, which facilitates context-aware feature adaptation under complex fire conditions. Unlike prior fire-specific transformer variants, the proposed design introduces explicit fire-aware spatial encoding and relational adaptation tailored to flame and smoke dynamics. Furthermore, a label-based suppression mapping mechanism is developed to associate each recognized fire type with a recommended extinguishing agent, enabling interpretable and operational decision support. To support robust training and evaluation, a dual-source dataset comprising 2480 labeled RGB images across four fire-type categories (Class A/B/C/E) was constructed, combining real-scene fire images with experimentally collected data from 12 representative combustible materials. Experiments show that the proposed framework consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across multiple evaluation metrics, particularly under data-constrained conditions. Experiments show that the proposed framework achieves an F1-score of 82.0% and mAP@0.5 of 80.9%, demonstrating consistent gains across evaluation metrics. The study is presented as a proof-of-concept rather than a deployed system, with current limitations in data scale, fire-class diversity, and field validation.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108596
Hong Ji, Ruiqi Wang, Song Zheng, Ke Yang, Zhixiang Xing
{"title":"A multifunctional hydrophilic-oleophobic Nylon@GO@Ms membrane for efficient separation of water-in-oil emulsions","authors":"Hong Ji, Ruiqi Wang, Song Zheng, Ke Yang, Zhixiang Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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