Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.175389
Zina Yahya, Muneera Roof
In our research, new bis-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (Z2-Z4) were prepared via Claisen- Schmidt reaction, by the condensation of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (Z1) with different appropriate benzaldehyde, like (benzaldehyde, m-nitro benzaldehyde and o-chloro benzaldehyde) using 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide as a base. A simple and efficient method has been applied for the synthesis 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (Z1) by multi components Rudolf-Hantzsch condensation reaction which included heating the starting materials (paraformaldehyde, acetylacetone and ammonium acetate) at 80 degrees centigrade in aqueous medium. Bis-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (Z2-Z4) can be considered as useful intermediates leading to the formation of several heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazoline carbothioamide (Z5-Z7) and pyrimidinethiole (Z8-Z10). The titled compounds (Z5-Z7) and (Z8-Z10) were prepared by interacting with thiosemicarbazide in neutral medium, and thiourea in basic medium respectively. These mentioned compounds (Z1-Z10) were characterized by Ferrier Translate-Infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet spectrum (UV), in addition to some physical properties. Also, all these reactions followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique and calculate the retardation factor (R f ) values.
{"title":"Synthesis of some new Pyrazoline Carbothioamides and Pyrimidinethiols Derivatives from Bis-α, β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds","authors":"Zina Yahya, Muneera Roof","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.175389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.175389","url":null,"abstract":"In our research, new bis-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (Z2-Z4) were prepared via Claisen- Schmidt reaction, by the condensation of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (Z1) with different appropriate benzaldehyde, like (benzaldehyde, m-nitro benzaldehyde and o-chloro benzaldehyde) using 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide as a base. A simple and efficient method has been applied for the synthesis 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (Z1) by multi components Rudolf-Hantzsch condensation reaction which included heating the starting materials (paraformaldehyde, acetylacetone and ammonium acetate) at 80 degrees centigrade in aqueous medium. Bis-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (Z2-Z4) can be considered as useful intermediates leading to the formation of several heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazoline carbothioamide (Z5-Z7) and pyrimidinethiole (Z8-Z10). The titled compounds (Z5-Z7) and (Z8-Z10) were prepared by interacting with thiosemicarbazide in neutral medium, and thiourea in basic medium respectively. These mentioned compounds (Z1-Z10) were characterized by Ferrier Translate-Infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet spectrum (UV), in addition to some physical properties. Also, all these reactions followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique and calculate the retardation factor (R f ) values.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77216658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174277
N. Mohammed, Abdullah J. Alabdullah
This paper includes finding a mathematical relationship between the distance from the emitter to the width of the Wehnelt cylinder bore and the diameter of that bore, by studying the effect and correlation of these two parameters on the quality of the electron beam. A group of electron guns with identical and variable geometric parameters were designed for the values of the Wehnelt cylinder aperture radius for each case from the emitter site, which represents the distance from the emitter head to the Wehnelt cylinder aperture. As well as the calculation of the electron beam diameter and the brightness and emittance, as the mathematical relationship between these two parameters was found to be linear.
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Emitter Position and the Wehnelt Cylinder Aperture Radius of the Thermionic Electron Gun","authors":"N. Mohammed, Abdullah J. Alabdullah","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174277","url":null,"abstract":"This paper includes finding a mathematical relationship between the distance from the emitter to the width of the Wehnelt cylinder bore and the diameter of that bore, by studying the effect and correlation of these two parameters on the quality of the electron beam. A group of electron guns with identical and variable geometric parameters were designed for the values of the Wehnelt cylinder aperture radius for each case from the emitter site, which represents the distance from the emitter head to the Wehnelt cylinder aperture. As well as the calculation of the electron beam diameter and the brightness and emittance, as the mathematical relationship between these two parameters was found to be linear.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80925080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174269
Laith Ismael
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were infectious diseases of the urinary system, that were caused by the different causative agents, including fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria. The current study was designed to isolate different bacteria from UTI and choose E. coli isolates to study levels of interleukin-22 in patients infected with it. Furthermore, studying the prevalence of type 1 fimbriae ( fim H) virulence gene from isolated E. coli of above patients. Methods: In the present study, a total of (140) midstream urine and serum samples were collected from patients (110 females and 30 males) with the age ranged between 10 to 65 years, who had signs and symptoms and primarily diagnosed with UTI by physician in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital – Mosul/Iraq during the period between January and March 2021, while thirty-four healthy individuals were studied as controls for the ELISA test. Identification of bacterial isolates was done by microscopical examination, biochemical tests, and (API 20E). Furthermore, disc diffusion method was used in antibiotic sensitivity test, and DNA from E. coli isolates was extracted for gene detection. In addition, serum interleukin-22 level was determined via ELISA technique. Results: The mean ± SD age in UTI patients were (32.95 ± 12.80) years, while in the healthy controls group were (35.55 ± 13.51) years. Additionally, E. coli were the most common isolated bacteria from the patient group with a frequency and percentage of 50 (35.7%). Furthermore, when compared to the control group, serum IL- 22 level was significantly higher in the patient's group due to E. coli infection (P<0.001). Moreover, the prevalence of the fim H gene in E. coli isolates was 47 (94.0%) were positive for that gene. Conclusion : The present study revealed that E. coli was the most bacterial infection in patients with urinary tract infection, while the highest E. coli sensitivity was to Meropenem, Nitrofurantoin (F15) and Chloramphenicol also the higher serum IL- 22 level in patients with UTIs due to E. coli compared to controls group. Therefore, IL-22 could be used as a biomarker for UTI. Additionally, the prevalence of the fim H gene in E. coli isolates was present in most isolates. estimate the of IL-22 in gene in of E. by Chain
{"title":"Estimating the Level of Interleukin-22 in Sera of Patients with Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in Mosul City","authors":"Laith Ismael","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174269","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were infectious diseases of the urinary system, that were caused by the different causative agents, including fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria. The current study was designed to isolate different bacteria from UTI and choose E. coli isolates to study levels of interleukin-22 in patients infected with it. Furthermore, studying the prevalence of type 1 fimbriae ( fim H) virulence gene from isolated E. coli of above patients. Methods: In the present study, a total of (140) midstream urine and serum samples were collected from patients (110 females and 30 males) with the age ranged between 10 to 65 years, who had signs and symptoms and primarily diagnosed with UTI by physician in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital – Mosul/Iraq during the period between January and March 2021, while thirty-four healthy individuals were studied as controls for the ELISA test. Identification of bacterial isolates was done by microscopical examination, biochemical tests, and (API 20E). Furthermore, disc diffusion method was used in antibiotic sensitivity test, and DNA from E. coli isolates was extracted for gene detection. In addition, serum interleukin-22 level was determined via ELISA technique. Results: The mean ± SD age in UTI patients were (32.95 ± 12.80) years, while in the healthy controls group were (35.55 ± 13.51) years. Additionally, E. coli were the most common isolated bacteria from the patient group with a frequency and percentage of 50 (35.7%). Furthermore, when compared to the control group, serum IL- 22 level was significantly higher in the patient's group due to E. coli infection (P<0.001). Moreover, the prevalence of the fim H gene in E. coli isolates was 47 (94.0%) were positive for that gene. Conclusion : The present study revealed that E. coli was the most bacterial infection in patients with urinary tract infection, while the highest E. coli sensitivity was to Meropenem, Nitrofurantoin (F15) and Chloramphenicol also the higher serum IL- 22 level in patients with UTIs due to E. coli compared to controls group. Therefore, IL-22 could be used as a biomarker for UTI. Additionally, the prevalence of the fim H gene in E. coli isolates was present in most isolates. estimate the of IL-22 in gene in of E. by Chain","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81165545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174271
Rabee M. A. Yassin, N. Othman
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Estimation of Clonazepam as Pure Form and in its Pharmaceutical Formulation (Tablet) Using Alizarin Red S","authors":"Rabee M. A. Yassin, N. Othman","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74816067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174273
Hadeel Alhashemi, Elham M. Al-khashab
Lycopene is antioxidants and natural substance which found in large quantities in reddish color fruits, especially in tomatoes. Consuming lycopene, which is abundant in tomato plants and its products that made from tomatoes, reduce the risk and development of diseases like heart and cancer disease in several recent studies, in addition, lycopene levels in the blood and tissues are reversely related to these chronic diseases, however, studies and researches on the effects of lycopene on bones are rare. Lycopene can prevent loss of bone, especially, there are many drugs used to treat osteoporosis, but this treatment causes harmful side effects. This review outlines the currently available studies on lycopene sources, structure and absorption. This review aims to summarize and investigation the effectiveness of lycopene on bone metabolism that include formation and resorption of bone through its effect on osteoblast cell, and Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Bone turnover signs in women after menopause were reviewed and hypotheses explores that its supplementation with lycopene would increase antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress parameters.
{"title":"Lycopene Promotes Bone Metabolism","authors":"Hadeel Alhashemi, Elham M. Al-khashab","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174273","url":null,"abstract":"Lycopene is antioxidants and natural substance which found in large quantities in reddish color fruits, especially in tomatoes. Consuming lycopene, which is abundant in tomato plants and its products that made from tomatoes, reduce the risk and development of diseases like heart and cancer disease in several recent studies, in addition, lycopene levels in the blood and tissues are reversely related to these chronic diseases, however, studies and researches on the effects of lycopene on bones are rare. Lycopene can prevent loss of bone, especially, there are many drugs used to treat osteoporosis, but this treatment causes harmful side effects. This review outlines the currently available studies on lycopene sources, structure and absorption. This review aims to summarize and investigation the effectiveness of lycopene on bone metabolism that include formation and resorption of bone through its effect on osteoblast cell, and Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Bone turnover signs in women after menopause were reviewed and hypotheses explores that its supplementation with lycopene would increase antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress parameters.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73648621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174272
Sarah Abdulkaleq, L. A. Al Taan
A pn-junction was successfully fabricated by depositing n-type CdSe thin films on p-type Si as a substrate using chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) at 70 o C. Time of deposition was 6 hours and the preparing solution was changed every 2 hours during the deposition. Sodium Selenosulfate (with different weights) is the source of Se -2 ions, cadmium nitrate is the source of Cd +2 ions. The (I-V) characteristics for the n-CdSe/p-Si junction show it behaves as a Zener diode in reverse bias, with Zener resistance (3 and 27×10 3 ) . SEM also shows spherical-shape particles with difference grain size (3.8 and 19.8) nm.
{"title":"Electrical Properties of n-CdSe/Si-p Junction Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique, from Different Weights of Sodium Selenosulfate and Constant Molarity","authors":"Sarah Abdulkaleq, L. A. Al Taan","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174272","url":null,"abstract":"A pn-junction was successfully fabricated by depositing n-type CdSe thin films on p-type Si as a substrate using chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) at 70 o C. Time of deposition was 6 hours and the preparing solution was changed every 2 hours during the deposition. Sodium Selenosulfate (with different weights) is the source of Se -2 ions, cadmium nitrate is the source of Cd +2 ions. The (I-V) characteristics for the n-CdSe/p-Si junction show it behaves as a Zener diode in reverse bias, with Zener resistance (3 and 27×10 3 ) . SEM also shows spherical-shape particles with difference grain size (3.8 and 19.8) nm.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90720364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174270
Mhammad Aziz
{"title":"Effect of some Heavy Metals on Carbohydrates, Proteins and Phenolic Compounds Content in Olive and Oleander Leaves at Three Intersection of Tikrit Streets","authors":"Mhammad Aziz","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88476327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174276
thary haider, A. Mahmood
{"title":"Study the Susceptibility of Epoxy-based Composite Materials Reinforced with Powders of Different Elements and Compounds to be used as Materials with a Positive Environmental Impact","authors":"thary haider, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90328102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174275
Rand Abd Albaqi, Hala Abd Al-Qader
{"title":"Effect of Pinching and Spraying of Paclobutrazol and Ascorbic Acid in Flowering Growth Characters of zinnia elegans L.","authors":"Rand Abd Albaqi, Hala Abd Al-Qader","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81816430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.174274
The study included the random selection of water from five wells from the southern districts of Tal Afar district to assess its quality and determine its suitability for drinking purposes and various civil uses by studying the physical and chemical properties (temperature, total solid dissolved materials, pH in addition to positive and negative ions) and applying the water quality index (WQI). The results of the current study showed that the water temperature was relatively constant throughout the study period, while the values of total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 1186 mg/l in the well (1) to 1859 mg / l in the well (5) While the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased to an average of 1.2 mg/l in well (1), while the values of total hardness and sulfate increased to the limits of 1530 mg/l and 840 mg/l, respectively, and the nitrate values ranged between (1.2 - 13.8) mg / l and A Phosphate values ranged between (1.33-0.02) mg / l due to its adsorption with minerals in the rocks around the groundwater, and the results of the water quality coefficient (WQI) indicated that the values ranged between (109-125), and the studied was considered to be of poor quality for drinking purposes and various household uses due to the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfur for the studied well water.
{"title":"Qualitative Evaluation of Selected Well Water from the South Areas of Tal Afar District in Nineveh Governorate / Iraq for Various Civil Uses","authors":"","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.174274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.174274","url":null,"abstract":"The study included the random selection of water from five wells from the southern districts of Tal Afar district to assess its quality and determine its suitability for drinking purposes and various civil uses by studying the physical and chemical properties (temperature, total solid dissolved materials, pH in addition to positive and negative ions) and applying the water quality index (WQI). The results of the current study showed that the water temperature was relatively constant throughout the study period, while the values of total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 1186 mg/l in the well (1) to 1859 mg / l in the well (5) While the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased to an average of 1.2 mg/l in well (1), while the values of total hardness and sulfate increased to the limits of 1530 mg/l and 840 mg/l, respectively, and the nitrate values ranged between (1.2 - 13.8) mg / l and A Phosphate values ranged between (1.33-0.02) mg / l due to its adsorption with minerals in the rocks around the groundwater, and the results of the water quality coefficient (WQI) indicated that the values ranged between (109-125), and the studied was considered to be of poor quality for drinking purposes and various household uses due to the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfur for the studied well water.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80368416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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