Psychiatria polska最新文献

Introduction: Schizophrenia links with altered language structure and may be evolutionary consequence of language development. High heritability of the disease led to recent endeavour in explaining the genetic background. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) indicate schizophrenia as highly polygenic disease with many receptor and synaptic plasticity pathways engaged.

Material and methods: Here we present a systematic review on the topic of schizophrenia GWAS findings and its potential relevance to language skills. We used GWAS catalog data to identify all significant associations in schizophrenia (including selected endophenotypes) and studied its relevance in the context of published data on language phenotypes associations.

Results: Among genes involved in language evolution, FOXP1 and ROBO2 were indicated by GWAS as associated with schizophrenia. Evidence on schizophrenia linked SNPs was found for association with intelligence, educational attainment, cognitive abilities and language processing brain structures imaging results.

Conclusions: The review discusses hypotheses of language alterations in schizophrenia as a consequence of impaired synaptic plasticity and neural network formation.

Objectives: In Polish Youth Educational Centres underage individuals exhibiting signs of delinquency are accommodated. A significant concern is the presence of mental health disorders among these institutions' residents, which may influence their rehabilitation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorders among residents of Youth Educational Centres in the Silesian Voivodeship.

Methods: The study was conducted between February and November 2022 in two Youth Educational Centres located in the Silesian Voivodeship. 80 individuals participated in the study (60% boys, 40% girls). Participation was voluntary and anonymous. A semi-structured psychiatric interview K-SADS-PL was employed, incorporating questionnaires covering mania, depression, conduct disorders, and substance use disorders.

Results: Among the study participants, 12.5% (n = 10) had been diagnosed with mental disorders prior to the start of the study. Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder were met by 26.25% of participants, including 20.8% of boys and 34.37% of girls, with irritability reported in 19 of the 21 individuals diagnosed with depression. Conduct disorders were observed in 52.5% of participants. Furthermore, 39% of respondents consumed alcohol at least three times per week, and 70% used cannabis at least once a week.

Conclusions: Research on the mental health of adolescents in Youth Educational Centres in Poland highlights a high prevalence of depressive disorders and problematic patterns of psychoactive substance use among residents, which may negatively impact their functioning and prognosis. Interventions are essential to facilitate beneficial behavioural changes in these minors and to counteract their demoralisation.

Objectives: The analysis aims to present the subjective assessment of the MoodMon mobile application by users diagnosed with BD and MDD.

Methods: Data were obtained from 95 participants based on a 12-question survey. It was a part of a large clinical study of the MoodMon system.

Results: The reception of the MoodMon application was very similar regardless of the diagnosis. For most respondents, the application was a neutral tool (BD - 50.7%; MDD - 43.5%). Subjective satisfaction with using the application was reported by most users. The application was beneficial for 56.9% of respondents with BD and 78.3% with MDD disorders, primarily due to the ability to use modern technology to control symptoms. Most respondents did not see the need for changes to the application (BD - 70.8%; MDD - 60.9%). However, a small group suggested modifications to the form of voice sampling and the variety of questions. Nearly half of the patients with BD (48.6%) expressed a willingness to use the MoodMon application in the future, and a significantly higher percentage (73.9%) of those with MDD indicated the same.

Conclusions: In the subjective opinion of users, the MoodMon application is perceived as safe, useful and helpful in the treatment of affective disorders.

Objectives: In a group of patients diagnosed with BD and MDD, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of AI algorithms in detecting mental state changes based on physical voice parameters.

Methods: The MoodMon system was developed, including a mobile application for smartphones. In the first stage, the AI was trained using objective data and clinical assessments conducted by psychiatrists, which included 17-item versions of the HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and YMRS (Young Mania Rating Scale) scales, and the CGI (Clinical Global Impression) scale. The second stage was to further refine the AI using individual and population data and generate alerts when subtle changes in mental state were detected. Both stages of the study lasted a total of 944 days.

Results: Physical voice parameters can serve as biomarkers in affective disorders. The most effective in detecting changes in mental state were 19 specific physical voice parameters. The system showed high performance, with the following sensitivity (true positive rate - TPR) and specificity (true negative rate - TNR) values - for both diagnoses: TPR = 89.5%, TNR = 98.8%; BD: TPR = 89.6%, TNR = 98.9%; MDD: TPR = 89.1%, TNR = 98.5%. MoodMon helped to accurately monitor and predict changes in the mental state of patients with affective disorders.

Conclusions: The MoodMon system is an objective AI tool that effectively identifies the initial period of mental state changes in affective disorders based on physical voice parameters.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to present the body image of women aged 50+ living in Poland with a declared non-heterosexual orientation in the context of aging, menopause, sexual and gender identity.

Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews with non-heterosexual ciswomen aged 50-67, focused around three main areas: menopause, body image and aging.

Results: Thematic analysis allowed for the identification of two main thematic areas: (1) menopause as re-integration with the body, (2) breaking away from heteronormative femininity. Additionally, in the second theme, a subcategory was identified: negotiating gender identity - nonbinary lesbianism.

Conclusions: The analysis of narratives indicates a preservation of a positive body image amidst a great diversity in experiencing aging and menopause among non-heterosexual women in Poland. At the same time, the obtained results allow for the identification of patterns indicating that older non-heterosexual women may negotiate their sexual and gender identity throughout their lives. As a result, it is easier for them not to succumb to stereotypically directed social expectations regarding appearance and sexual expression aimed at women.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to translate and validate the Polish version of the Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes (CompACT). This is a self-report questionnaire used to assess psychological flexibility, including three scales: "Openness to Experience", "Behavioural Awareness" and "Valued Action".

Methods: A total of 791 individuals (423 women; 53.5%) aged 18-84, participated in the study. Additional data was gathered on life-satisfaction, the level of depression, anxiety and stress, psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, contact with present moment, self-perception, committed action, and valued living as the source of theoretical validity.

Results: The internal structure of the full 23-item version was not confirmed (analogically as in the studies on the original version). The internal structure of the shorter 18-item version of the CompACT was confirmed, and a new 9-item version was proposed. Both versions (18-item and 9-item) exhibited good psychometric properties, incremental validity and measurement invariance across gender.

Conclusions: CompACT-18 and CompACT-9 are reliable and valid tools to measure psychological flexibility and its three components.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to acknowledge the levels of stress, the main stressors and the difficulties of being a dentistry and medicine student.

Methods: A total of 994 clinical students from both dental and medical undergraduate degrees at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Poland were enrolled in the study, of whom 830 were medical and 164 were dental students. We used two independent international stress questionnaires, both validated for the Polish translation and environment: the Perceived Stress Scale and the Perceived Medical School Stress Instrument.

Results: Both medical and dental students had high levels of stress: 20.9 ± 7.37 and 21.24 ± 6.84, respectively. The level of stress was slightly higher among dental students, however, the results were not significant (p = 0.767). Dental students significantly more often were concerned that they will not be able to endure the long hours and responsibilities associated with clinical training (p = 0.001), however, medical student significantly more often agreed that medical school fosters a sense of anonymity and feelings of isolation among the students (p = 0.01).

Conclusions: Polish clinical medical and dental students experience high levels of stress, which is slightly higher among dental ones.

Introduction: The purpose of this narrative review is to collect and analyze research on selected methods of preventing postpartum depression.

Material and methods: The literature review for this work was carried out in the scientific database PubMed. The analysis and further description were developed based on the PRISMA protocol. Only English-language research, published between 2018 and 2023 were included.

Results: Research has not definitively proved a correlation between physical activity and preventing postpartum depression. The effective strategies that may reduce the risk of postpartum depression include mindfulness meditation, providing pregnant women with social support and professional medical care, as well as participating in educational programs during pregnancy. Additionally, internet programs and mobile apps based on cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an effective form of psychological support for pregnant women.

Conclusions: There are a few effective strategies that may reduce the risk of postpartum depression. The research has shown that the key is to provide women with holistic and multidisciplinary care, as well as identifying groups at highest risk of postpartum depression, in order to offer them professional support as quickly as possible.

The latest scientific literature shows that the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Poland has increased significantly. The rise in the number of people affected by PTSD translates into a growing demand for specialist support and treatment of this disease entity. Polish clinics specialising in therapy with the so-called medical marijuana (MM) describe it as a raw material with potential for the treatment of PTSD and an alternative to conventional treatment methods. The paper presents the basic medicines used in PTSD treatment. The authors carried out a review of the literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of cannabis and cannabinoids in the treatment of PTSD. In addition, the article refers to papers highlighting the negative mental health consequences of marijuana use, with particular emphasis on its impact on the course of PTSD. Previously published studies relating the attitudes of psychiatrists towards the use of MM are also discussed. The manner of presenting the potential of Cannabis sp. and their products in the treatment of PTSD on the websites of Polish medical marijuana clinics was analysed, discussed and critically evaluated. Currently, there is no sufficient solid evidence to recommend MM or cannabinoids to treat PTSD, but people struggling with this disorder reach for Cannabis sp. products for their anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and antipsychotic effects. In anticipation of new data from randomised, large-scale, controlled trials, it is advisable to develop available sources of information and appropriate oversight to counteract harmful marketing of medical marijuana.

no summary.