Psychiatria polska最新文献

The aim of this paper is to review studies available in scientific databases on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy programmes for separation anxiety disorder in children. The paper also includes a presentation of a clinical description of therapy for a 12-year-old girl with a diagnosis of separation anxiety according to ICD-10. The most widely researched and sole protocol for working with children with anxiety disorders in Poland, the Coping Cat programme, was used as the basic protocol. Its universality is both an advantage and a challenge, as it becomes necessary to adapt the protocol to work with a specific anxiety disorder. This required the authors of this article to review the scientific databases in search of examples of cognitive-behavioural protocol adaptations for treatment of separation anxiety in children. The case study describes the standard use of the Coping Cat protocol which, at some point, stopped delivering the desired results and needed to be modified based on analysis of the revisited conceptualisation together with the supervisor, which made it possible to achieve most of the assumed goals.

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in patients subject to a confinement measure, treated with antipsychotics in mono - or polytherapy. Additional objectives included the analysis of associations between the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and patients' age, psychiatric diagnosis, overweight or obesity, and the presence of addictions to psychoactive substances.

Methods: The study involved 61 patients of the Department of Forensic Psychiatry, including 9 women and 52 men, subject to a confinement measure from September 2019 to August 2021. All parameters of metabolic syndrome and BMI were measured twice, at the beginning of the stay at the Department and after six months of treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Appropriate statistical comparative analyses were then performed.

Results: There was no relationship between the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and the age of the subjects, medical diagnosis, addiction to psychoactive substances, including smoking. It has not been confirmed that the chronic use of atypical antipsychotics with parallel prophylactic and health-promoting effects in conditions of confinement leads to the development of metabolic syndrome and worsens its symptoms, apart from a marked increase in waist circumference and an increase in BMI.

Conclusions: Systematic measurements of BMI and waist circumference during treatment with atypical antipsychotics may be accurate tools in assessing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Long-term confinement hospitalizations should include psychoeducational interventions aimed at minimizing metabolic complications of pharmacotherapy.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the presence of symptoms of sexuality-related disorders (S-RD) in a group of overweight and obese women and the relationship of these symptoms with maladaptive attitudes and beliefs about food, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, difficulties in emotional regulation, and the general quality of life.

Methods: The study group (SG) consisted of 44 overweight/obese women, the control group (CG) consisted of 51 women with normal body weight, all aged 18-40 years. The following were used: Sexological Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test, Eating Beliefs Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results: SG showed more severe S-RD symptoms, including sexual dysfunctions and sexual preferences disorders, as compared to CG. In the SG there were more significant correlations between S-RD and the studied variables, especially in the area of difficulties with emotional regulation. Negative and permissive dietary beliefs were significant for S-RD in SG, while positive beliefs were significant in CG. Additionally, the number of S-RD symptoms predicted the quality of life.

Conclusions: The results indicate a relationship between excessive body weight and greater severity of S-RD symptoms, as well as a relationship between the symptoms of S-RD with clinical variables and with the quality of life. Further research exploring the mechanisms of the observed relationships is necessary.

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to create a Polish adaptation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), assess its psychometric properties and conduct factor analysis in a group of adults.

Methods: Five hundred two students of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, aged 19-40 were studied, assessed by the 27-item HSPS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and NEO-FFI Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in two subgroups (N = 250 and N = 252, respectively).

Results: The Polish version was accepted by the authors of the scale. Cronbach's α was 0.90 and the ICC interclass correlation coefficient was 0.95 for retest data. Exploratory factor analysis distinguished a three-factor model of the HSPS scale (EOE, LST and AES factors), and confirmatory analysis confirmed its better fit. The HSPS scale, EOE and LST showed a significant relationship with the BDI and "Neuroticism" and a negative relationship with "Extraversion", while the AES factor was strongly related to "Openness". Women scored higher on all HSPS subscales, HSPS total score and "Conscientiousness".

Conclusions: The Polish version of the HSPS scale is characterized by good reliability, consistency and validity, and the results indicate a three-factor model. We recommend the use of the HSPS scale in Polish conditions by mental health professionals.

Objectives: The study's aim was to determine co-occurrence of psychopathological symptoms and personality predispositions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its dimensions several months after hospitalisation of patients with severe COVID-19 during the 2nd and 3rd waves of the epidemic.

Methods: At 7-8 months after admission, 138 patients completed the PCL-5 and TIPI questionnaires, as well as the HADS and AIS scales. Correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used in the models.

Results: 22.5% of patients met the PTSD criteria. There were no significant differences between women and men in terms of severity of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, distress and PTSD. Anxiety, sleep disorders and depression co-occurred with PTSD severity. All dimensions of PTSD were associated with anxiety. Intrusion, changes in arousal and reactivity correlated with sleep disorders. Changes in arousal and reactivity were explained by subjective assessment of distress. Negative changes in cognition and mood were related to depression and low levels of extraversion.

Conclusions: There is a co-occurrence of the severity of psychopathological symptoms: anxiety, depression, distress and sleep disorders with the severity of PTDS and its dimensions among patients who have undergone severe COVID-19 in the recent past. A protective factor against post-hospitalisation PTSD is higher level of extraversion.

Objectives: The subject of the study was to assess the therapeutic value of the author's health education programme developed for a group of patients of forensic psychiatry wards conducted in a group of patients long-term isolated from their natural environment. The main goal of the study was to answer the question of whether health education conducted in forensic psychiatry wards is effective and what value it represents in the process of treatment and rehabilitation of patients in forensic psychiatry wards.

Methods: The study was conducted at the State Hospital for the Nervous and Mentally Ill in Rybnik in the forensic psychiatry wards from December 2019 to May 2020. During the study, patients gained knowledge in the field of broad health education. The study group consisted of 67 men between the ages of 22 and 73 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The method of measuring twice (before the health education cycle and after its completion) was applied using a proprietary questionnaire of patients' knowledge from the applied educational programme.

Results: After the implementation of the health education programme, there was a significant improvement in patients' knowledge.

Conclusions: Educational activities carried out among patients of forensic psychiatry departments effectively increase their knowledge level.

The paper explores the development of psychotherapy in Polish psychiatry in the interwar period from the perspective of Kurt Danziger's historical psychology. Firstly, the organizational and social context of the development of Polish psychiatric care in the interwar period and its impact on the development of psychotherapy is outlined. Then, the most influential in Poland, European psychotherapeutic developments in the interwar period are reconstructed. Finally, the views of psychiatric personnel of three psychiatric facilities proposing psychotherapy as one of the main means of treatment of mentally ill patients are introduced: Dziekanka Psychiatric Hospital, the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw and Psychiatry and Neuropathology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Psychiatric personnel from Dziekanka Psychiatric Hospital, directed by Aleksander Piotrowski, understood psychotherapy broadly, as the influence of the environment on the patient's psyche. Psychiatrists of the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw, Adam Wizel, Gustaw Bychowski, Władysław Matecki, and Maurycy Bornsztajn developed psychoanalytically influenced psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Bychowski also advocated for the application of psychotherapy in such neglected groups of patients as children and the intellectually disabled. Jan Piltz and Eugeniusz Artwiński pursued psychotherapy in the treatment of war neuroses at the Psychiatry and Neuropathology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University.

This article is a review of research on savant syndrome from years 2000-2022 - available in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. Savant syndrome occurs with a frequency of 1.4 per 1,000 people with intellectual disabilities and in 10% of people with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Autism is the disorder that most often co-occurs with savant syndrome - in about 50% of all people with a savant syndrome diagnosis. Researchers distinguish between: congenital savant syndrome - which affects about 90% of people with the syndrome, and acquired savant syndrome - which occurs in the course of frontotemporal dementia or in people who have experienced trauma to the central nervous system. There are many cognitive theories that explain savant abilities. The anatomical basis of this entity has not been discovered using neuroimaging techniques. To date, no unified theory has been created that reliably explains the etiology and pathomechanism of savant syndrome. Previous neuroimaging studies of people with symptoms of savant syndrome have been conducted on too few subjects. There are indications that magnetic brain stimulation may contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological basis of this syndrome.

Aim: The aim of the study was to review the existing research, conducted on animal and human models, regarding the possibility of using low doses of naltrexone (LDN) in treatment of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Method: The available Polish - and English-language literature on NSSI was reviewed. Relevant studies were identified through an electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI, naltrexone, LDN, self-injury, self-harm, and time descriptors 1982-2022. The review was based on information reported in original papers, review articles and case reports. The quality of the article was assessed using the six-point Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA).

Results: Studies conducted on animal models show that use of LDN can prevent habitual self-injury. As far as the possibility of clinical use of LDN in treatment of NSSI is concerned, results of a relatively small number of studies conducted so far confirm the efficacy of using naltrexone 25-50 mg/day to decrease or eliminate self-injurious behaviors in NSSI patients.

Conclusions: The use of LDN in treatment of NSSI seems to be a promising clinical option, whose efficacy, however, needs to be corroborated in a larger number of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.