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Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of separation anxiety disorder in children - a research review and case study.
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/175718
Joanna Edyta Preś, Katarzyna Świątkowska, Artur Kołakowski

The aim of this paper is to review studies available in scientific databases on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy programmes for separation anxiety disorder in children. The paper also includes a presentation of a clinical description of therapy for a 12-year-old girl with a diagnosis of separation anxiety according to ICD-10. The most widely researched and sole protocol for working with children with anxiety disorders in Poland, the Coping Cat programme, was used as the basic protocol. Its universality is both an advantage and a challenge, as it becomes necessary to adapt the protocol to work with a specific anxiety disorder. This required the authors of this article to review the scientific databases in search of examples of cognitive-behavioural protocol adaptations for treatment of separation anxiety in children. The case study describes the standard use of the Coping Cat protocol which, at some point, stopped delivering the desired results and needed to be modified based on analysis of the revisited conceptualisation together with the supervisor, which made it possible to achieve most of the assumed goals.

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引用次数: 0
Metabolic syndrome in patients who have been subjected to isolation security measures and treated with atypical antipsychotics. 接受隔离安全措施和非典型抗精神病药物治疗的患者的代谢综合征。
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/163553
Przemysław Cynkier, Inga Markiewicz, Grzegorz Kudlak, Dorota Antoniak, Janusz Heitzman

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in patients subject to a confinement measure, treated with antipsychotics in mono - or polytherapy. Additional objectives included the analysis of associations between the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and patients' age, psychiatric diagnosis, overweight or obesity, and the presence of addictions to psychoactive substances.

Methods: The study involved 61 patients of the Department of Forensic Psychiatry, including 9 women and 52 men, subject to a confinement measure from September 2019 to August 2021. All parameters of metabolic syndrome and BMI were measured twice, at the beginning of the stay at the Department and after six months of treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Appropriate statistical comparative analyses were then performed.

Results: There was no relationship between the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and the age of the subjects, medical diagnosis, addiction to psychoactive substances, including smoking. It has not been confirmed that the chronic use of atypical antipsychotics with parallel prophylactic and health-promoting effects in conditions of confinement leads to the development of metabolic syndrome and worsens its symptoms, apart from a marked increase in waist circumference and an increase in BMI.

Conclusions: Systematic measurements of BMI and waist circumference during treatment with atypical antipsychotics may be accurate tools in assessing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Long-term confinement hospitalizations should include psychoeducational interventions aimed at minimizing metabolic complications of pharmacotherapy.

目的:本研究的主要目的是评估接受禁闭措施、单药或多药抗精神病药物治疗的患者代谢综合征的发生率及其个体成分。其他目标包括分析代谢综合征的发生与患者年龄、精神诊断、超重或肥胖以及精神活性物质成瘾之间的关系。方法:这项研究涉及法医精神病学系的61名患者,其中包括9名女性和52名男性,他们在2019年9月至2021年8月期间接受了禁闭措施。在住院之初和非典型抗精神病药物治疗六个月后,对代谢综合征和BMI的所有参数进行了两次测量。然后进行适当的统计比较分析。结果:代谢综合征的发生与受试者的年龄、医学诊断、精神活性物质成瘾(包括吸烟)无关。尚未证实在禁闭条件下长期使用具有平行预防和促进健康作用的非典型抗精神病药物会导致代谢综合征的发展并恶化其症状,结论:在非典型抗精神病药物治疗期间,系统测量BMI和腰围可能是评估代谢综合征风险的准确工具。长期住院治疗应包括心理教育干预,旨在最大限度地减少药物治疗的代谢并发症。
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引用次数: 0
Symptoms of sexuality-related disorders in the group of overweight and obese women. 超重和肥胖女性的性相关障碍症状。
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/162429
Anna Fuksiewicz, Barbara Kostecka, Emilia Kot, Aleksandra Jodko-Modlińska, Katarzyna Kucharska

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the presence of symptoms of sexuality-related disorders (S-RD) in a group of overweight and obese women and the relationship of these symptoms with maladaptive attitudes and beliefs about food, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, difficulties in emotional regulation, and the general quality of life.

Methods: The study group (SG) consisted of 44 overweight/obese women, the control group (CG) consisted of 51 women with normal body weight, all aged 18-40 years. The following were used: Sexological Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test, Eating Beliefs Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results: SG showed more severe S-RD symptoms, including sexual dysfunctions and sexual preferences disorders, as compared to CG. In the SG there were more significant correlations between S-RD and the studied variables, especially in the area of difficulties with emotional regulation. Negative and permissive dietary beliefs were significant for S-RD in SG, while positive beliefs were significant in CG. Additionally, the number of S-RD symptoms predicted the quality of life.

Conclusions: The results indicate a relationship between excessive body weight and greater severity of S-RD symptoms, as well as a relationship between the symptoms of S-RD with clinical variables and with the quality of life. Further research exploring the mechanisms of the observed relationships is necessary.

目的:本研究的目的是评估一组超重和肥胖女性性相关障碍(S-RD)症状的存在,以及这些症状与对食物的不适应态度和信念、焦虑和抑郁症状的严重程度、饮酒、情绪调节困难和总体生活质量的关系。方法:研究组(SG)由44名超重/肥胖女性组成,对照组(CG)由51名体重正常的女性组成,年龄均为18-40岁。结果:与CG相比,SG表现出更严重的S-RD症状,包括性功能障碍和性偏好障碍。在SG中,S-RD与研究变量之间存在更显著的相关性,尤其是在情绪调节困难的领域。消极和宽容的饮食信念对SG的S-RD有显著影响,而积极的信念对CG有显著影响。此外,S-RD症状的数量可以预测生活质量。结论:e结果表明,超重与S-RD症状的严重程度之间存在关系,S-RD症状与临床变量和生活质量之间也存在关系。有必要对观察到的关系的机制进行进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial.
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/195990
Dominika Dudek, Jerzy A Sobański, Katarzyna Klasa

no summary.

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引用次数: 0
Polish adaptation and validation of the standard 27-item Highly Sensitive Person Scale. 对标准的27项高敏感人量表进行修改和验证。
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/190107
Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Małgorzata Gałczyńska-Rusin, Natalia Grobelna, Jacek Jelonek, Radosław Rutkowski, Janusz Rybakowski, Filip Rybakowski

Objectives: The aim of the study was to create a Polish adaptation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), assess its psychometric properties and conduct factor analysis in a group of adults.

Methods: Five hundred two students of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, aged 19-40 were studied, assessed by the 27-item HSPS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and NEO-FFI Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in two subgroups (N = 250 and N = 252, respectively).

Results: The Polish version was accepted by the authors of the scale. Cronbach's α was 0.90 and the ICC interclass correlation coefficient was 0.95 for retest data. Exploratory factor analysis distinguished a three-factor model of the HSPS scale (EOE, LST and AES factors), and confirmatory analysis confirmed its better fit. The HSPS scale, EOE and LST showed a significant relationship with the BDI and "Neuroticism" and a negative relationship with "Extraversion", while the AES factor was strongly related to "Openness". Women scored higher on all HSPS subscales, HSPS total score and "Conscientiousness".

Conclusions: The Polish version of the HSPS scale is characterized by good reliability, consistency and validity, and the results indicate a three-factor model. We recommend the use of the HSPS scale in Polish conditions by mental health professionals.

研究目的研究目的是编制波兰语改编的高敏感人群量表(HSPS),评估其心理测量特性,并对一组成年人进行因子分析:研究对象为波兹南医科大学 52 名 19-40 岁的学生,采用 27 个项目的 HSPS、贝克抑郁量表 (BDI) 和 NEO-FFI 问卷进行评估。对两个分组(分别为 250 人和 252 人)进行了探索性和确认性因素分析:结果:波兰语版本已被量表作者接受。重测数据的 Cronbach's α 为 0.90,ICC 类间相关系数为 0.95。探索性因子分析确定了 HSPS 量表的三因子模型(EOE、LST 和 AES 因子),确认性分析证实了其较好的拟合度。HSPS 量表、EOE 和 LST 与 BDI 和 "神经质 "有显著关系,与 "外向性 "呈负相关,而 AES 因子则与 "开放性 "密切相关。女性在所有 HSPS 分量表、HSPS 总分和 "自觉性 "上的得分都较高:波兰语版的 HSPS 量表具有良好的信度、一致性和效度,结果表明它是一个三因素模型。我们建议心理健康专业人员在波兰使用 HSPS 量表。
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引用次数: 0
Co-occurrence of psychopathological symptom severity and personality predisposition in post-traumatic stress disorder in patients several months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19. COVID-19患者住院数月后创伤后应激障碍精神病理症状严重程度与人格易感性的共现
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/183127
Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała, Katarzyna Olszewska-Turek, Anna Pastuszak-Draxler, Anna Laskowska-Wronarowicz, Jolanta Walczewska, Anna Starowicz-Filip, Dominika Dudek

Objectives: The study's aim was to determine co-occurrence of psychopathological symptoms and personality predispositions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its dimensions several months after hospitalisation of patients with severe COVID-19 during the 2nd and 3rd waves of the epidemic.

Methods: At 7-8 months after admission, 138 patients completed the PCL-5 and TIPI questionnaires, as well as the HADS and AIS scales. Correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used in the models.

Results: 22.5% of patients met the PTSD criteria. There were no significant differences between women and men in terms of severity of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, distress and PTSD. Anxiety, sleep disorders and depression co-occurred with PTSD severity. All dimensions of PTSD were associated with anxiety. Intrusion, changes in arousal and reactivity correlated with sleep disorders. Changes in arousal and reactivity were explained by subjective assessment of distress. Negative changes in cognition and mood were related to depression and low levels of extraversion.

Conclusions: There is a co-occurrence of the severity of psychopathological symptoms: anxiety, depression, distress and sleep disorders with the severity of PTDS and its dimensions among patients who have undergone severe COVID-19 in the recent past. A protective factor against post-hospitalisation PTSD is higher level of extraversion.

目的:本研究旨在确定在第二波和第三波疫情期间,严重COVID-19患者住院几个月后,创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)中精神病理症状和人格倾向的共现情况及其维度。方法:138例患者于入院后7 ~ 8个月完成PCL-5、TIPI问卷及HADS、AIS量表。模型采用相关分析和逐步多元回归分析。结果:22.5%的患者符合PTSD标准。在焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍、痛苦和创伤后应激障碍的严重程度方面,男女之间没有显著差异。焦虑、睡眠障碍和抑郁与PTSD严重程度同时发生。创伤后应激障碍的所有维度都与焦虑有关。干扰,觉醒和反应的变化与睡眠障碍有关。唤醒和反应性的变化可以通过对痛苦的主观评估来解释。认知和情绪的消极变化与抑郁和低外向性有关。结论:近期重症COVID-19患者焦虑、抑郁、苦恼、睡眠障碍等精神病理症状的严重程度与PTDS的严重程度及其维度存在共现关系。较高水平的外向性是预防住院后PTSD的一个保护性因素。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of health education in forensic psychiatry departments. 司法精神科健康教育的有效性。
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/190436
Joanna Fojcik, Mchał Górski, Marek Krzystanek

Objectives: The subject of the study was to assess the therapeutic value of the author's health education programme developed for a group of patients of forensic psychiatry wards conducted in a group of patients long-term isolated from their natural environment. The main goal of the study was to answer the question of whether health education conducted in forensic psychiatry wards is effective and what value it represents in the process of treatment and rehabilitation of patients in forensic psychiatry wards.

Methods: The study was conducted at the State Hospital for the Nervous and Mentally Ill in Rybnik in the forensic psychiatry wards from December 2019 to May 2020. During the study, patients gained knowledge in the field of broad health education. The study group consisted of 67 men between the ages of 22 and 73 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The method of measuring twice (before the health education cycle and after its completion) was applied using a proprietary questionnaire of patients' knowledge from the applied educational programme.

Results: After the implementation of the health education programme, there was a significant improvement in patients' knowledge.

Conclusions: Educational activities carried out among patients of forensic psychiatry departments effectively increase their knowledge level.

目的:本研究的主题是评估作者为法医精神病学病房的一组患者制定的健康教育方案的治疗价值,该方案是在一组长期与自然环境隔离的患者中进行的。本研究的主要目的是回答在法医精神科病房进行的健康教育是否有效以及在法医精神科病房患者的治疗和康复过程中健康教育的价值。方法:研究于2019年12月至2020年5月在雷布尼克国立神经和精神疾病医院法医精神病学病房进行。在研究过程中,患者获得了广泛健康教育领域的知识。研究小组包括67名年龄在22岁到73岁之间被诊断为精神分裂症的男性。采用了两次测量方法(在健康教育周期之前和在健康教育周期结束之后),使用了应用教育方案中患者知识的专有问卷。结果:实施健康教育方案后,患者的健康知识有明显提高。结论:在司法精神科患者中开展教育活动,有效提高了患者的知识水平。
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引用次数: 0
The notion and practice of psychotherapy in Polish psychiatry of the interwar period. Part 1. 战时波兰精神病学中心理疗法的概念和实践。第 1 部分.
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/172864
Jan Kornaj, Andrzej Pankalla

The paper explores the development of psychotherapy in Polish psychiatry in the interwar period from the perspective of Kurt Danziger's historical psychology. Firstly, the organizational and social context of the development of Polish psychiatric care in the interwar period and its impact on the development of psychotherapy is outlined. Then, the most influential in Poland, European psychotherapeutic developments in the interwar period are reconstructed. Finally, the views of psychiatric personnel of three psychiatric facilities proposing psychotherapy as one of the main means of treatment of mentally ill patients are introduced: Dziekanka Psychiatric Hospital, the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw and Psychiatry and Neuropathology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Psychiatric personnel from Dziekanka Psychiatric Hospital, directed by Aleksander Piotrowski, understood psychotherapy broadly, as the influence of the environment on the patient's psyche. Psychiatrists of the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw, Adam Wizel, Gustaw Bychowski, Władysław Matecki, and Maurycy Bornsztajn developed psychoanalytically influenced psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Bychowski also advocated for the application of psychotherapy in such neglected groups of patients as children and the intellectually disabled. Jan Piltz and Eugeniusz Artwiński pursued psychotherapy in the treatment of war neuroses at the Psychiatry and Neuropathology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University.

本文从库尔特-丹齐格(Kurt Danziger)的历史心理学角度探讨了波兰精神病学在战时的心理治疗发展。首先,概述了战时波兰精神病治疗发展的组织和社会背景及其对心理疗法发展的影响。然后,重构了战时在波兰最具影响力的欧洲心理治疗发展。最后,介绍了三家精神病院的精神科人员的观点,他们建议将心理疗法作为治疗精神病患者的主要手段之一:Dziekanka 精神病院、华沙犹太医院和克拉科夫雅盖隆大学精神病学和神经病理学诊所。由亚历山大-皮奥特罗斯基(Aleksander Piotrowski)领导的 Dziekanka 精神病医院的精神科人员将心理治疗广义地理解为环境对病人心理的影响。华沙犹太医院的精神科医生亚当-维泽尔(Adam Wizel)、古斯塔夫-拜霍夫斯基(Gustaw Bychowski)、瓦迪斯瓦夫-马特茨基(Władysław Matecki)和毛里西-博恩斯塔因(Maurycy Bornsztajn)发展了受精神分析影响的精神分裂症心理疗法。Bychowski 还主张将心理疗法应用于儿童和智障等被忽视的患者群体。Jan Piltz 和 Eugeniusz Artwiński 在雅盖隆大学精神病学和神经病理学诊所开展了治疗战争神经官能症的心理疗法。
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引用次数: 0
An outline of savant syndrome. 天才综合症概述
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/157104
Gracjan Rudziński, Kinga Pożarowska, Kinga Brzuszkiewicz, Ewelina Soroka

This article is a review of research on savant syndrome from years 2000-2022 - available in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. Savant syndrome occurs with a frequency of 1.4 per 1,000 people with intellectual disabilities and in 10% of people with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Autism is the disorder that most often co-occurs with savant syndrome - in about 50% of all people with a savant syndrome diagnosis. Researchers distinguish between: congenital savant syndrome - which affects about 90% of people with the syndrome, and acquired savant syndrome - which occurs in the course of frontotemporal dementia or in people who have experienced trauma to the central nervous system. There are many cognitive theories that explain savant abilities. The anatomical basis of this entity has not been discovered using neuroimaging techniques. To date, no unified theory has been created that reliably explains the etiology and pathomechanism of savant syndrome. Previous neuroimaging studies of people with symptoms of savant syndrome have been conducted on too few subjects. There are indications that magnetic brain stimulation may contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological basis of this syndrome.

本文是对 2000-2022 年间有关天赋综合症研究的综述,可在 PubMed、ResearchGate 和 Google Scholar 数据库中查阅。天才综合症的发病率为每 1,000 名智障人士中 1.4 人,在被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍的人群中占 10%。自闭症是最常与天赋综合症并发的疾病,在所有被诊断患有天赋综合症的人中,自闭症患者约占 50%。研究人员将精明能干综合症分为先天性精明能干综合症和后天性精明能干综合症,先天性精明能干综合症约影响 90% 的精明能干综合症患者,后天性精明能干综合症则发生在额颞叶痴呆或中枢神经系统受过创伤的人身上。有许多认知理论可以解释天赋能力。使用神经成像技术尚未发现这一实体的解剖学基础。迄今为止,还没有一种统一的理论能够可靠地解释 "天才综合症 "的病因和病理机制。以前对有天赋综合征症状的人进行的神经影像学研究对象太少。有迹象表明,脑磁刺激可能有助于更好地了解这种综合征的神经生理基础。
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引用次数: 0
Use of the opioid receptor antagonist - naltrexone in the treatment of non-suicidal self-injury. 使用阿片受体拮抗剂--纳曲酮治疗非自杀性自伤。
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/161954
Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Agnieszka Banaszek, Dariusz Juchnowicz

Aim: The aim of the study was to review the existing research, conducted on animal and human models, regarding the possibility of using low doses of naltrexone (LDN) in treatment of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Method: The available Polish - and English-language literature on NSSI was reviewed. Relevant studies were identified through an electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI, naltrexone, LDN, self-injury, self-harm, and time descriptors 1982-2022. The review was based on information reported in original papers, review articles and case reports. The quality of the article was assessed using the six-point Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA).

Results: Studies conducted on animal models show that use of LDN can prevent habitual self-injury. As far as the possibility of clinical use of LDN in treatment of NSSI is concerned, results of a relatively small number of studies conducted so far confirm the efficacy of using naltrexone 25-50 mg/day to decrease or eliminate self-injurious behaviors in NSSI patients.

Conclusions: The use of LDN in treatment of NSSI seems to be a promising clinical option, whose efficacy, however, needs to be corroborated in a larger number of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.

目的:本研究旨在回顾现有的动物和人体模型研究,探讨使用低剂量纳曲酮(LDN)治疗非自杀性自伤(NSSI)的可能性:方法:对现有的关于 NSSI 的波兰语和英语文献进行了审查。通过使用以下关键词在 PubMed/MEDLINE 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行电子检索,确定了相关研究:非自杀性自伤、NSSI、纳曲酮、LDN、自伤、自残,时间描述为 1982-2022 年。综述以原始论文、综述文章和病例报告中报告的信息为基础。文章质量采用叙事性评论文章六分评估表(SANRA)进行评估:在动物模型上进行的研究表明,使用 LDN 可以预防习惯性自伤。就临床使用 LDN 治疗 NSSI 的可能性而言,目前进行的相对较少的研究结果证实,使用纳曲酮 25-50 毫克/天可有效减少或消除 NSSI 患者的自伤行为:使用 LDN 治疗 NSSI 似乎是一种很有前景的临床选择,但其疗效还需要更多的随机安慰剂对照临床试验来证实。
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引用次数: 0
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