Psychiatria polska最新文献

Objectives: The initiation of reimbursement for intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM)/ continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for those 26 and older could greatly benefit people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D). The aim of the study was to assess changes in quality of life, metabolic control, fear of hypoglycemia and selected psychological parameters after 3 months of implementation of the isCGM/CGM in PwT1D aged 26 and above.

Methods: The study involved 57 PwT1D from five diabetology centers. To be included in the study, each participant had to be at least 26 years old, have a minimum of two years of diabetes history. Participants completed a set of validated questionnaires including the FSH-II, DDS, PSS10, DTSQs, WHO-5, PAID, DBQ, and a sociodemographic survey. They also downloaded pump/glucometer data and underwent HbA1c measurement at the beginning and again at the end of the study.

Results: PwT1D reported higher treatment satisfaction measured by DTSQs. Well-being assessment according to WHO-5 was also higher, and the level of diabetes burnout measured by DBQ, fear of hypoglycemia assessed by HFS-II significantly decreased. Diabetic distress measured by means of total score of DDS lowered. Participants scored also lower on PAID upon follow up. The HbA1c level after three months of using the CGM system was significantly lower.

Conclusions: The use of isCGM/CGM, even during relatively short observation, leads to improved quality of life, reduced fear of hypoglycemia and diabetes burnout, and lower HbA1c levels in PwT1D over the age of 26 who were naïve to this technology.

Objectives: The most common psychiatric disorders in cancer patients are anxiety disorders. These arise from negative experiences and personal traumas of the patient, the fear of developing cancer, the fear of death, and anxiety about painful examinations and procedures. This article aims to determine the occurrence and intensity of stress and anxiety in patients diagnosed with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system and their sociodemographic correlates.

Methods: The study involved 100 patients diagnosed with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system (acute leukaemia, chronic leukaemia, lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, erythraemia). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and disease characteristics. Differences between patient results and tool validation group results were examined using one-sample Student's t-tests. Relationships between variables were determined using Spearman's rho and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: Patients with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system exhibit higher levels of stress compared to the general population. Sociodemographic variables, such as marital status and occupational situations, had significant implications for stress intensity. The participants showed a moderate level of state anxiety and a lower inclination to react with fear compared to the tool normalisation group. As in the case of stress, the presence of loved ones, occupational situations and age significantly influenced the intensity of anxiety. The higher the stress among the participants, the higher their experienced anxiety.

Conclusions: Coping with cancer, i.e. fighting the disease, involves the search for emotional and instrumental support by affected individuals. Supportive environmental conditions such as stable family and professional situations are crucial for the psychological well-being of the participants.

It is estimated that approximately 1% to 3% of people in the world suffer from celiac disease, which mainly affects Caucasians. The HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes present in the majority of the European population diagnosed with celiac disease are helpful in diagnosing the disease. The main symptom is chronic inflammation of the small intestine and atrophy of the intestinal villi, but neurological and psychopathological symptoms, such as depression or severe anxiety, may also occur. Numerous studies show that a gluten-free diet alleviates the psychological symptoms associated with celiac disease. However, strict dietary requirements often constitute a challenge for patients, changing their current lifestyle and limiting its comfort. In patients with celiac disease, increased symptoms of depression and anxiety are observed, and the duration of the disease affects the severity of the above symptoms. Currently, therapeutic benefits are attributed especially to a gluten-free diet, but recent scientific reports indicate a comparable clinical effect in patients using probiotics. The course of the disease is also influenced by the emotional support of the patient's family, causing a milder course of the disease. Caregivers of patients should pay special attention to the symptoms of anxiety and depression in their patients, because they are often unnoticed, which leads to an unfavourable course of the disease.

Objectives: Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder in which one incorrectly assesses one's body as too thin and insufficiently muscular. Data on dysmorphia in the female population are still limited. The aim of the study was to culturally adapt and validate the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) by Hildebrandt et al. (2004) in the female population.

Methods: The study included 204 women aged 18 to 35 years. In addition to the MDDI, the following were used: (1) a personal questionnaire to control secondary variables (e.g. BMI, sexual orientation, self-rated health), (2) the Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) to check the validity of the validated tool, and (3) a subscale of the KOMPAN questionnaire to operationalise the variable "physical activity".

Results: It was noted that there are intergroup differences in the intensity of muscle dysmorphia symptoms in the studied sample between women involved in moderate and high levels of leisure-time physical activity. It was proven that the higher the BMI value and the greater the difference between actual and expected body weight, the greater the intensity of muscle dysmorphia symptoms in the studied women.

Conclusions: The results of the study confirmed the three-factor structure of the MDDI-PL and demonstrated its satisfactory reliability both as a whole and in its separate subscales. MDDI-PL can be used as a screening tool, especially for examining women who engage in physical activity (including competitively).

Objectives: Psychosomatic disorders (somatic symptom disorder - SSD) constitute a heterogeneous group of medical conditions characterized by somatic symptoms without explained somatic causes. Due to the complexity of symptoms, they present a significant medical, social and economic challenge, and diagnosing and treating these disorders remains a substantial clinical challenge. The aim of the conducted research was an attempt to identify characteristic patterns in the surface-level brain bioelectrical activity of individuals experiencing psychosomatic disorders. The obtained results may contribute to understanding the pathomechanism of these disorders and developing objective methods for diagnosis and differentiation of functional dysfunctions.

Methods: The study involved a group of 49 individuals: 30 patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and 19 individuals in the control group. Resting-state EEG signals were recorded from the subjects under two experimental conditions (eyes open, eyes closed). The recorded signals underwent quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis followed by statistical analysis.

Results: EEG signal analysis revealed statistical differences between the studied groups in terms of absolute power in the Alpha band (8-12 Hz) in frontal areas (electrodes F3, Fz, F4) under eyes-open conditions, as well as in the Delta band (1-4 Hz) in the right frontal area (electrode F4) under eyes-closed conditions. Similar changes were not observed in the Beta (12-25 Hz) or High Beta (25-30 Hz) bands.

Conclusions: The detected abnormalities in the surface-level brain bioelectrical activity may indicate potential disturbances in the reception and interpretation of visceral sensations in patients with psychosomatic disorders. The lack of differences in higher frequencies could be helpful in the differential diagnosis between these disorders and other anxiety disorders where psychosomatic symptoms are observed. The obtained results could also be useful in planning protocols involving various neurotherapeutic methods.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the discrepancies in alliance ratings in a psychotherapeutic dyad - between the patient and their therapist. It was also examined if these discrepancies differed depending on the modality of the psychotherapist's work.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included alliance measurement in 181 psychotherapeutic dyads. Psychotherapeutic processes were investigated at different moments of treatment, from the initial phase until the final one. Three psychotherapeutic modalities were controlled for: psychodynamic and psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral and systemic. To verify the hypotheses, the author performed difference tests and first-degree polynomial analysis, looking for a linear trend. Square and cubic trend analyses were also performed.

Results: The assumption that patient-therapist discrepancy would decrease over the course of the psychotherapy process was not supported. The study confirmed the effect of the psychotherapist's modality on patient-therapist discrepancy in alliance quality ratings. Discrepancies were smaller in the case of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapists than in those of the systemic modality.

Conclusions: The results of the analyses show that the asymmetry in alliance perception is a permanent characteristic of the psychotherapeutic process and that changes in this respect depending on treatment duration tend to be small. A smaller patient-therapist discrepancy in alliance ratings may be a function of a quicker and more effective process of clarifying relational issues in the dyad and may stem from attunement, which forms and develops in the cognitive-behavioral modality.

No summary.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed states. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, including pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interactions, are associated with a more favorable prognosis. The general principles for the use of drugs in bipolar disorder in children and adolescents remain similar to those in adults. The basic drugs in bipolar disorder are mood stabilizers of the first and second generation; however, their efficacy and safety profile in children and adolescents differ from those in adults. In addition, prophylactic treatment is necessary to prevent recurrence. Lithium, aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, olanzapine, asenapine, ziprasidone are recommended for the treatment of mania and mixed states. For the treatment of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, experts recommend lurasidone as monotherapy or olanzapine + fluoxetine as combination therapy. Although long-term treatment is a key aspect of bipolar disorder management in children and adolescents, consistent efficacy data are still lacking. Safety data indicate that the most commonly reported adverse reactions in children and adolescents treated with mood stabilizers are gastrointestinal and neurological adverse reactions, while the use of antipsychotics is mainly associated with weight gain and sedation.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to introduce the Polish adaptation of the Developmental Crisis Questionnaire (DCQ-12). In Poland, there is currently no tool for measuring the quarterlife crisis, hindering empirical exploration and cognitive understanding of this phenomenon. The DCQ-12, developed by Petrov and colleagues, serves as an age-independent measure of adult developmental crisis for research and applied purposes.

Methods: This research was conducted online by an external company specializing in research panels. The sample comprised a total of 1,176 subjects. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, internal structure analyses, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were performed as well as validity assessment.

Results: Statistical analyses indicated that the Polish adaptation of the DCQ-12 is a reliable tool for examining the severity of the quarter-life crisis and its components. The obtained results confirm the tool's structure, with psychometric properties in the Polish study comparable to the original data. The Cronbach's α for the entire scale was 0.78 which suggests that the reliability of the questionnaire is satisfactory and acceptable.

Conclusions: The Polish version of the DCQ-12 demonstrated good psychometric properties.Its utilization in therapeutic practice can be particularly beneficial and provide insights into specific aspects of the quarter-life crisis.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess changes that occur in the behavioural and emotional sphere in psychiatrically hospitalised children with serious self-aggressive tendencies after therapy using interaction with the PARO therapeutic robot.

Methods: The study is of a pilot and observational nature. It was carried out over the course of three weeks. It included patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital due to threats to life and health, who were divided, by randomisation, into an experimental group (working with the PARO robot) and a control group (working with a plush toy). The methods used were related to both external observation and children's self-description.

Results: The results suggest that interaction with the PARO robot can increase positive and decrease negative emotions. This is also related to the increase in the number of interactions between children.

Conclusions: The study results encourage further activities in the area of introducing artificial intelligence as a therapeutic potential that can be used by children with mental disorders hospitalised due to threats to life and health.