Psychiatria polska最新文献

Objectives: The aim of the study was to see if and to what extent the length of time spent in front of a TV, computer, laptop or tablet screen differentiates the development of children.

Methods: The study included 46 girls and 55 boys aged 6-10. The children were tested with the IDS-2 test, while parents were asked to fill out questionnaires, regarding demographic information, time of contact with media and child development. Diagnosis was made for ASD, ADHD, depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders.

Results: The results indicated significant differences between children spending more than two hours a day in front of a computer or TV and those with less contact time, in terms of large motor development and the social-emotional sphere in the test used to diagnose autism.

Conclusions: The results are consistent with reports indicating a potential link between media contact time and ASD traits in children. It is therefore reasonable not only to limit the amount of time early school-age children spend in contact with the media, but also to closely monitor those who exceed this time limit.

The Mental Health Protection Act (MHP) allows for compulsory psychiatric observation of a patient whose behaviour indicates that, due to a mental disorder, he or she is directly threatening his or her life or the life or health of others (Article 24 of the MHP). Hospitalisation is used to determine whether the disorder presented by the patient is a mental illness, within the meaning of the MHP, that is, whether it involves psychotic symptoms (Article 3(1)(a) of the MHP). Current regulations on observation are not complete, which creates numerous dilemmas when applying these provisions in medical practice. The biggest doubts relate to the possibility of reapplying Article 24 of the MHP to a patient who, after being admitted for observation, agreed to stay in the hospital and then demanded to be discharged home before settling concerns about his mental state, or the legal basis for further treatment, it is determined that there are grounds for treatment against his will. The legislator also did not comprehensively regulate the scope of diagnostic measures that can be taken against the patient's will during observation. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the title institution with the determination of its axionormative basis, as well as an attempt to resolve the legal and practical dilemmas that arise in the course of applying Article 24 of the MHP in medical practice.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of depression and anxiety of lesbian and bisexual (LB) mothers raising children from a previous heterosexual relationship in a current same-sex relationship, on the basis of minority stress theory.

Methods: 58 LB biological mothers, 33 LB co-mothers from same-sex relationships and 60 mothers from different-sex marriages participated in a questionnaire-based online survey. The groups were compared in terms of depression and anxiety severity (state and trait). In the LB groups, correlation analysis was conducted between the dependent variables and the number of encountered negative homophobic events, the expectation of rejection, self-concealment, and internalised homophobia. To examine whether the associations between these variables in LB biological mothers and co-mothers differed, moderation analysis was used.

Results: The levels of depression and anxiety were similar across the groups. Among LB mothers, anxiety (state and trait) correlated mainly with internalised homophobia, whereas depression was linked to the expectation of rejection. Notably, among biological LB mothers, as opposed to co-mothers, there was an association between both depression and anxiety (state) and negative homophobic events.

Conclusions: The lack of intergroup differences in levels of depression and anxiety, with correlations of these variables with minority stress, may indicate high resources (e.g. family resilience) of LB mothers. The cost of homophobic events is higher for LB biological mothers than for LB co-mothers. This may be attributed to the later emergence of non-heterosexual identity in LB biological mothers who have children from heteronormative relationships, leading to a heightened sense of threat when their custody rights are challenged.

Objectives: An idiographic evaluation of the effectiveness of including Mindfulness Skills Training in Virtual Reality (MST-VR) in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia disorders and its comparison with the results of a group effects analysis.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis were assessed at 4-week intervals (one month before training, at the beginning and the end of training) using: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI®-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III). The Reliable Change Index (RCI) was used for statistical evaluation, and Cohen's d was used to assess effect size.

Results: Twenty patients (80%) achieved improvements in the severity of general symptoms, positive and negative symptoms, stress, anxiety, depression, and cognitive functioning. Individual patients showed deterioration in anxiety (2 patients, 8%) and stress (1 patient, 4%). The RCI method showed greater sensitivity in detecting changes than standard monographic statistical methods.

Conclusions: The MST-VR intervention as an adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis is safe and beneficial. The RCI method is valuable in assessing the dynamics of individual patient outcomes.

Creativity can be defined as a production of action or idea both original and useful, and its effective implementation. Such features of brain functioning may have an evolutionary advantage, increasing chances of survival and achieving reproductive success. Creativity occurs already in some animals but to the greatest extent is present in contemporary humans. The number of genes implicitly associated with creativity is greater in Homo sapiens compared with Homo neandenthalesis, in which it exceeds the number occurring in chimpanzees. The brain structures most essential for creativity involve the frontal and temporal lobes, the default mode network and the cerebellum, and the main neurotransmitter system is the dopaminergic one. Psychological processes associated with creativity include unusual mode of thinking and increased motivation driven by mood. In the field of psychopathology, most data make a case for the association of creativity with bipolar mood disorder (BD). Among writers, artists and their families, there is an overrepresentation of BD and cyclothymic personality. In BD, unusual thinking is frequent, and enhanced creativity is usually associated with elevated mood. The studies of Nancy Andreasen, Kay Jamison, Terence Ketter, Tiffany Greenwood, and own investigation in this area are presented. The results of many analyses point to a shared vulnerability to creativity and BD. In many outstanding artists, including Polish ones, we observe the full clinical expression of the illness.

Objectives: Adolescence is a development stage between childhood and adulthood, which involves the intense physical, mental, and social development of a person. Adolescents are at risk of engaging in risky behaviours, most notably the use of psychoactive substances, including binge drinking. Factors involving family, peers and individual differences may protect this age group from or put them at risk of abusing alcohol. The aim of the study was to describe the relation between temperament, family and peer factors, and the frequency of binge drinking among adolescents.

Methods: The survey was conducted among 825 students of primary and secondary schools in Szczecin (West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland), aged 13-16 (13.83 years old, 52.2% boys). The EATQ-R: "The class towards me" (A) and "I towards the class" (B), Family Assessment Scales (SOR) based on FACES IV and an original survey were used in the study.

Results: Statistically significant links were found between the manifested temperament features and the prevalence of adolescent binge drinking. Relevant relations were found between the assessment of family functioning and family behaviour. It was also revealed that the way the leisure time was spent with friends was strongly associated with the prevalence of binge drinking.

Conclusions: The studied areas indicate existing relationships between the selected variables.

Objectives: This article presents the results of the evaluation of the pilot of the "PsychoŻak" mental health promotion programme for university students. The main aim of the "PsychoŻak" programme is to enhance students' well-being in the mental (including emotional and cognitive), physical/somatic and social spheres, which is in line with the previously researched expectations of young adults towards mental health promotion.

Methods: A comparison was made between selected mental health indicators and the mental health knowledge and competences of participants before and after taking part in the mental health promotion programme. An evaluation questionnaire on the content presented in the programme and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used.

Results: The analysis of the collected data indicates an increase in mental health knowledge and competences after participation in the mental health promotion programme. Most of the observed differences were statistically significant. Participants in the mental health promotion programme were also characterised by better mental health indicators, as measured by the GHQ-28, after completing the programme.

Conclusions: The evaluation of the pilot implementation of the "PsychoŻak" mental health promotion programme for university students confirms that the intended effects have been achieved and supports the programme's relevance for universities.

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterised by a broad spectrum of symptoms, including psychotic, negative and cognitive symptoms. Despite advances in antipsychotic treatment, current therapies do not fully alleviate negative and cognitive symptoms, making it difficult for patients to function adequately in society. Recent research suggests that combining anti-dementia drugs, specifically galantamine and memantine, with standard neuroleptic treatment may offer a novel approach to improving these symptoms. This paper explores the mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, their potential synergistic effects and their impact on key pathways implicated in schizophrenia, such as the cholinergic, glutamatergic and kynurenine pathways. The combination of these drugs shows promise in enhancing cognitive functions and reducing negative symptoms, potentially leading to better overall outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. However, further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings and optimise treatment protocols.

Introduction: Schizophrenia links with altered language structure and may be evolutionary consequence of language development. High heritability of the disease led to recent endeavour in explaining the genetic background. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) indicate schizophrenia as highly polygenic disease with many receptor and synaptic plasticity pathways engaged.

Material and methods: Here we present a systematic review on the topic of schizophrenia GWAS findings and its potential relevance to language skills. We used GWAS catalog data to identify all significant associations in schizophrenia (including selected endophenotypes) and studied its relevance in the context of published data on language phenotypes associations.

Results: Among genes involved in language evolution, FOXP1 and ROBO2 were indicated by GWAS as associated with schizophrenia. Evidence on schizophrenia linked SNPs was found for association with intelligence, educational attainment, cognitive abilities and language processing brain structures imaging results.

Conclusions: The review discusses hypotheses of language alterations in schizophrenia as a consequence of impaired synaptic plasticity and neural network formation.

Objectives: In Polish Youth Educational Centres underage individuals exhibiting signs of delinquency are accommodated. A significant concern is the presence of mental health disorders among these institutions' residents, which may influence their rehabilitation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorders among residents of Youth Educational Centres in the Silesian Voivodeship.

Methods: The study was conducted between February and November 2022 in two Youth Educational Centres located in the Silesian Voivodeship. 80 individuals participated in the study (60% boys, 40% girls). Participation was voluntary and anonymous. A semi-structured psychiatric interview K-SADS-PL was employed, incorporating questionnaires covering mania, depression, conduct disorders, and substance use disorders.

Results: Among the study participants, 12.5% (n = 10) had been diagnosed with mental disorders prior to the start of the study. Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder were met by 26.25% of participants, including 20.8% of boys and 34.37% of girls, with irritability reported in 19 of the 21 individuals diagnosed with depression. Conduct disorders were observed in 52.5% of participants. Furthermore, 39% of respondents consumed alcohol at least three times per week, and 70% used cannabis at least once a week.

Conclusions: Research on the mental health of adolescents in Youth Educational Centres in Poland highlights a high prevalence of depressive disorders and problematic patterns of psychoactive substance use among residents, which may negatively impact their functioning and prognosis. Interventions are essential to facilitate beneficial behavioural changes in these minors and to counteract their demoralisation.