Psychiatria polska最新文献

Objectives: Psychosomatic disorders (somatic symptom disorder - SSD) constitute a heterogeneous group of medical conditions characterized by somatic symptoms without explained somatic causes. Due to the complexity of symptoms, they present a significant medical, social and economic challenge, and diagnosing and treating these disorders remains a substantial clinical challenge. The aim of the conducted research was an attempt to identify characteristic patterns in the surface-level brain bioelectrical activity of individuals experiencing psychosomatic disorders. The obtained results may contribute to understanding the pathomechanism of these disorders and developing objective methods for diagnosis and differentiation of functional dysfunctions.

Methods: The study involved a group of 49 individuals: 30 patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and 19 individuals in the control group. Resting-state EEG signals were recorded from the subjects under two experimental conditions (eyes open, eyes closed). The recorded signals underwent quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis followed by statistical analysis.

Results: EEG signal analysis revealed statistical differences between the studied groups in terms of absolute power in the Alpha band (8-12 Hz) in frontal areas (electrodes F3, Fz, F4) under eyes-open conditions, as well as in the Delta band (1-4 Hz) in the right frontal area (electrode F4) under eyes-closed conditions. Similar changes were not observed in the Beta (12-25 Hz) or High Beta (25-30 Hz) bands.

Conclusions: The detected abnormalities in the surface-level brain bioelectrical activity may indicate potential disturbances in the reception and interpretation of visceral sensations in patients with psychosomatic disorders. The lack of differences in higher frequencies could be helpful in the differential diagnosis between these disorders and other anxiety disorders where psychosomatic symptoms are observed. The obtained results could also be useful in planning protocols involving various neurotherapeutic methods.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the discrepancies in alliance ratings in a psychotherapeutic dyad - between the patient and their therapist. It was also examined if these discrepancies differed depending on the modality of the psychotherapist's work.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included alliance measurement in 181 psychotherapeutic dyads. Psychotherapeutic processes were investigated at different moments of treatment, from the initial phase until the final one. Three psychotherapeutic modalities were controlled for: psychodynamic and psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral and systemic. To verify the hypotheses, the author performed difference tests and first-degree polynomial analysis, looking for a linear trend. Square and cubic trend analyses were also performed.

Results: The assumption that patient-therapist discrepancy would decrease over the course of the psychotherapy process was not supported. The study confirmed the effect of the psychotherapist's modality on patient-therapist discrepancy in alliance quality ratings. Discrepancies were smaller in the case of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapists than in those of the systemic modality.

Conclusions: The results of the analyses show that the asymmetry in alliance perception is a permanent characteristic of the psychotherapeutic process and that changes in this respect depending on treatment duration tend to be small. A smaller patient-therapist discrepancy in alliance ratings may be a function of a quicker and more effective process of clarifying relational issues in the dyad and may stem from attunement, which forms and develops in the cognitive-behavioral modality.

No summary.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed states. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, including pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interactions, are associated with a more favorable prognosis. The general principles for the use of drugs in bipolar disorder in children and adolescents remain similar to those in adults. The basic drugs in bipolar disorder are mood stabilizers of the first and second generation; however, their efficacy and safety profile in children and adolescents differ from those in adults. In addition, prophylactic treatment is necessary to prevent recurrence. Lithium, aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, olanzapine, asenapine, ziprasidone are recommended for the treatment of mania and mixed states. For the treatment of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, experts recommend lurasidone as monotherapy or olanzapine + fluoxetine as combination therapy. Although long-term treatment is a key aspect of bipolar disorder management in children and adolescents, consistent efficacy data are still lacking. Safety data indicate that the most commonly reported adverse reactions in children and adolescents treated with mood stabilizers are gastrointestinal and neurological adverse reactions, while the use of antipsychotics is mainly associated with weight gain and sedation.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to introduce the Polish adaptation of the Developmental Crisis Questionnaire (DCQ-12). In Poland, there is currently no tool for measuring the quarterlife crisis, hindering empirical exploration and cognitive understanding of this phenomenon. The DCQ-12, developed by Petrov and colleagues, serves as an age-independent measure of adult developmental crisis for research and applied purposes.

Methods: This research was conducted online by an external company specializing in research panels. The sample comprised a total of 1,176 subjects. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, internal structure analyses, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were performed as well as validity assessment.

Results: Statistical analyses indicated that the Polish adaptation of the DCQ-12 is a reliable tool for examining the severity of the quarter-life crisis and its components. The obtained results confirm the tool's structure, with psychometric properties in the Polish study comparable to the original data. The Cronbach's α for the entire scale was 0.78 which suggests that the reliability of the questionnaire is satisfactory and acceptable.

Conclusions: The Polish version of the DCQ-12 demonstrated good psychometric properties.Its utilization in therapeutic practice can be particularly beneficial and provide insights into specific aspects of the quarter-life crisis.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess changes that occur in the behavioural and emotional sphere in psychiatrically hospitalised children with serious self-aggressive tendencies after therapy using interaction with the PARO therapeutic robot.

Methods: The study is of a pilot and observational nature. It was carried out over the course of three weeks. It included patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital due to threats to life and health, who were divided, by randomisation, into an experimental group (working with the PARO robot) and a control group (working with a plush toy). The methods used were related to both external observation and children's self-description.

Results: The results suggest that interaction with the PARO robot can increase positive and decrease negative emotions. This is also related to the increase in the number of interactions between children.

Conclusions: The study results encourage further activities in the area of introducing artificial intelligence as a therapeutic potential that can be used by children with mental disorders hospitalised due to threats to life and health.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to create a Polish adaptation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), assess its psychometric properties and conduct factor analysis in a group of adults.

Methods: Five hundred two students of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, aged 19-40 were studied, assessed by the 27-item HSPS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and NEO-FFI Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in two subgroups (N = 250 and N = 252, respectively).

Results: The Polish version was accepted by the authors of the scale. Cronbach's α was 0.90 and the ICC interclass correlation coefficient was 0.95 for retest data. Exploratory factor analysis distinguished a three-factor model of the HSPS scale (EOE, LST and AES factors), and confirmatory analysis confirmed its better fit. The HSPS scale, EOE and LST showed a significant relationship with the BDI and "Neuroticism" and a negative relationship with "Extraversion", while the AES factor was strongly related to "Openness". Women scored higher on all HSPS subscales, HSPS total score and "Conscientiousness".

Conclusions: The Polish version of the HSPS scale is characterized by good reliability, consistency and validity, and the results indicate a three-factor model. We recommend the use of the HSPS scale in Polish conditions by mental health professionals.

This article discusses the issue of differential diagnosis of cases of suicide that are prompted by the murder of another person or persons. Long-standing use of violence by the perpetrator against the victim motivated by jealousy, will of revenge, hatred, a desire to physically hurt another person, and a desire to brutally kill another person quickly and in a cruel manner indicates that we are dealing with a post-aggression suicide, and not an extended one. Extended suicide has been defined as being motivated by altruism and as a result of deep mental disturbances as well as a transference of one's problems onto close family members with whom the perpetrator is emotionally involved. Authors suggest that the true differentiation between "post-aggression suicide" and "extended suicide" may play an important role in forensic psychiatric opinions conducted at the request of law enforcement agencies and the justice system.

Bipolar disorder (BD) occurring in children and adolescents may have a different clinical course than that diagnosed in adults, while there are no different criteria in the diagnostic classifications used. Among patients under 18 years of age, irritability, atypical course of depressive episodes, mixed episodes or very rapid phase change are much more frequently observed. Diagnostic difficulties are also overlapped by those resulting from the need to differentiate BD from other disorders which have their onset in childhood and adolescence; the probability of their coexistence should be considered concomitantly. This applies primarily to hyperkinetic disorders, behavioral disorders, borderline personality disorder or addiction to psychoactive substances. About 50% of patients present with symptoms of BD before the age of 18, and it takes on average 5 to 10 years from symptom onset to receive a correct diagnosis. Undiagnosed BD can have a negative impact on the development of emotional, social and cognitive competences, significantly affecting a patient's functioning into adulthood. That is why it is so important for specialists working with children and adolescents to be aware of the differences in the clinical course of BD and to make the right diagnosis, taking into account the biological, developmental and systemic context.

Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the level of empathy, temperament and character traits before and after 6 months of treatment in a group of patients staying in a psychiatric day care unit in groups with different (internalising vs. externalising) disorder types.

Methods: The study was conducted in a group of 44 patients (33 girls and 11 boys), aged 15-20, treated between 2016 and 2021 in the Clinical Day Care Unit of the Department of Adult, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University Hospital in Krakow. 40% of the adolescents had externalising disorders and 60% had internalising disorders. The Davis Empathy Scale and the Cohen Empathy Scale were used in the study, as well as the Cloninger' Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

Results: Six months of treatment in a day care unit resulted in statistically significant changes in the "Fantasy" scale from the Davis Empathy Scale, in the "Reward dependence", "Self-directedness" and "Self-transcendence" subscales on the Temperament and Character Inventory in the group of adolescents with internalising disorders. In the group of adolescents with externalising disorders, there were changes at the level of statistical trend in the values of the "Fantasy" scale and the "Harm Avoidance" scale of the Temperament and Character Inventory.

Conclusions: The obtained results are in line with the available data in terms of differences in temperament and character profiles between types of mental disorders and constellations of traits that are unfavourable for mental health, such as low self-directedness, harm avoidance and reward dependence.