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Evaluation of Locally Available Botanicals for the Management of Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) in Room Storage Condition 室内储存条件下玉米象鼻虫(Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.)本地可用植物制剂的评价
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3362779
B. Neupane, P. N. Sharma, S. Aryal, J. Shrestha
From April to July 2019, an experiment was conducted in Khumaltar, Lalitpur (27°39.312′N, 85° 19.586′E, and 1322 m above sea level) to assess the effectiveness of plant materials on maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) control under laboratory conditions (maintained room temperature of 28.5 ± 2°C, and relative humidity of 72 ± 5%) treatments were Acorus calamus (rhizome powder) @ 5 g·kg−1, Melia azadirach (rhizome powder) seed) @ 5 g·kg−1, Curcuma domestica (rhizome powder) @ 5 g·kg−1, mustard oil @ 2 mL·kg−1, Gingiber officinalis (rhizome powder) @ 5 g·kg−1, rice husk ash @ 5 g·kg−1, and an untreated control. These treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. At four months, the grains treated with Acorus calamus had the least weight loss (6.66%), and grain damage (1.23%). Grain damage (18%), and weight loss (62.33%) were the highest in the control treatment. Similarly, grains treated with Acorus calamus had the fewest number of exit holes (3.10 per 100 g of maize seed), while the control treatment had the largest number of exit holes (45.10 per 100 g of maize seed). There was a significantly higher number of weevils in the control treatment (55.80 per 250 g maize grains), but only a few numbers of weevils in the Acorus calamus-treated grains (2.50 per 250 g maize grains). In contrast with other plant materials treated grains, the maize weevil showed a reduced preference for Acorus calamus- treated grains with low weight loss, and grain damage. These findings can be used to promote locally accessible botanicals for maize weevil control in Nepal.
2019年4月至7月,在Lalitpur的Khumaltar(北纬27°39.312′、东经85°19.586′和1322° 海拔米),以评估植物材料在实验室条件下(保持28.5的室温)对玉米象甲(玉米象)控制的有效性 ± 2°C,相对湿度72 ± 5%)处理为菖蒲(根茎粉末)@5 g·kg−1,印楝(根茎粉)种子)@5 g·kg−1,姜黄(根茎粉)@5 g·kg−1,芥末油@2 mL·kg−1,姜(根茎粉末)@5 g·kg−1,稻壳灰@5 g·kg−1和未经处理的对照组。在三次重复的完全随机设计(CRD)中对这些治疗进行评估。4个月时,用菖蒲处理的籽粒失重最小(6.66%),籽粒受损(1.23%)。对照处理的籽粒受损(18%)和失重(62.33%)最高。同样,用菖蒲处理的谷物的出口孔数量最少(3.10/100 g玉米种子),而对照处理具有最大数量的出口孔(45.10/100 g玉米种子)。对照组的象鼻虫数量明显更高(55.80/250 g玉米粒),但在菖蒲处理的谷物中只有少量象鼻虫(2.50/250 g玉米粒)。与其他植物材料处理的谷物相比,玉米象甲对橡子处理的谷物的偏好降低,重量损失和谷物损伤较低。这些发现可用于在尼泊尔推广当地可获得的玉米象甲防治植物。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Castor (Ricinus communis L.) Genotypes and Their Feeding Values on Rearing Performance of Eri Silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Southwest Ethiopia 蓖麻(Ricinus commons L.)基因型及其对埃塞俄比亚西南部Eri蚕(鳞翅目:桑科)饲养性能的评价
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1556776
Dereje Tulu, Melkam Aleme, G. Mengistu, A. Bogale, K. Shifa, E. Mendesil
The quality of feed plays an important role in the growth and development of silkworms and eventually in the economic traits of cocoons. This study was conducted to evaluate ten castors (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes and their feeding values on the rearing performance of Eri Silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) at Tepi, southwest Ethiopia. A total of ten castor genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), and the suitability of castor genotypes as feed for a mixed strain of Eri-silkworm was also evaluated in a completely randomized design (CRD) under laboratory conditions. A hundred worms were used in each replication. Castor genotypes showed significant differences in fresh leaf yield. Among the castor genotypes tested, genotype 219645 recorded 439 g of ten fresh leaf yields. Results of Eri-silkworm rearing performance depict that a shorter larval period (22 days), a higher effective rate of rearing (94.54%), and a shorter life cycle (58 days) were observed in Eri-silkworm fed on leaves of the 200390 genotype, while a higher larval weight (6.16 g) was recorded in the Abaro genotype. However, higher cocoon weight (3.26 g), pupal weight (2.46 g), shell weight (0.45 g), and silk ratio (13.80%) were found in Eri-silkworms fed on leaves of genotype 219645. Hence, based on silkworm rearing performance, genotype 219645 showed relatively superior results and is recommended for future development work. Further studies should continue giving more emphasis to the multilocation study of genotype 219645 to understand its performance in the diverse growing environment.
饲料质量对蚕的生长发育起着重要作用,最终影响蚕茧的经济性状。本研究评估了10种蓖麻(Ricinus commons L.)基因型及其饲养价值对埃塞俄比亚西南部特皮地区Eri蚕(鳞翅目:蚕科)饲养性能的影响。采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)对共10种蓖麻基因型进行了评价,并在实验室条件下采用完全随机设计(CRD)对蓖麻基因型作为混合蚕种饲料的适宜性进行了评价。在每次复制中使用了一百个蠕虫。蓖麻基因型鲜叶产量差异显著。在测试的蓖麻基因型中,219645基因型记录了439 g每10片鲜叶产量。结果表明,用200390基因型叶片饲养的Eri蚕幼虫期较短(22天),饲养有效率较高(94.54%),生命周期较短(58天),而幼虫重量较高(6.16 g) 记录在Abaro基因型中。然而,较高的茧重(3.26 g) ,蛹重(2.46 g) ,壳体重量(0.45 g) 以219645基因型叶为食的伊利蚕,丝率为13.80%。因此,基于养蚕性能,219645基因型表现出相对优越的结果,并推荐用于未来的开发工作。进一步的研究应继续更加重视219645基因型的多位置研究,以了解其在不同生长环境中的表现。
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引用次数: 2
Larvicidal Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils, Eugenol, and Cinnamaldehyde against the Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston 丁香和肉桂精油、丁香酚和肉桂醛纳米脂体对疟疾主要媒介斯氏按蚊的杀灭效果
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9991238
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi, R. Heiran, Ghazaal Roozitalab, Narges Elahi, M. Osanloo
The use of larvicides, especially in endemic regions, is recommended for malaria control. However, due to the excessive use of synthetic larvicides, resistance in mosquitoes and environmental pollution have been challenges. In the current study, nanoliposome containing clove and cinnamon essential oils and their major ingredients, i.e., eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, were first prepared; particle size and successful loading were investigated using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Larvicidal effects of the nanoliposomes and nonformulated samples were then investigated against Anopheles stephensi. The best-observed efficacy (LC50 5.4 μg/mL) was related to nanoliposomes containing eugenol with a particle size of 109 ± 4 nm. However, LC50 values of the other three nanoformulations were also around 10 μg/mL; all four prepared nanoformulations were thus introduced as natural larvicides for further investigations in the field conditions.
建议使用杀幼虫剂控制疟疾,特别是在流行地区。然而,由于合成杀幼虫剂的过度使用,蚊子的抗药性和环境污染一直是挑战。本研究首先制备了含有丁香和肉桂精油及其主要成分丁香酚和肉桂醛的纳米脂质体;采用动态光散射(DLS)和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外(ATR-FTIR)分析对颗粒大小和成功加载进行了研究。研究了纳米脂质体和非配方样品对斯氏按蚊的杀灭效果。以含丁香酚的纳米脂质体(粒径为109±4 nm)为研究对象,LC50值为5.4 μg/mL。其余3种纳米制剂的LC50值均在10 μg/mL左右;因此,所有四种制备的纳米制剂都被作为天然杀幼虫剂引入,以便在野外条件下进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 6
Spatial Distribution, Seasonal Dynamics, and Sex Ratio of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Adults on Tree of Heaven 天树上鲜天蛾成虫的空间分布、季节动态及性能比
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4775718
Houping Liu, Matthew G. Hunter
The spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) on tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) were studied in Pennsylvania through weekly sampling of 30 trees (6 sites, 5 trees/site) from 27 July to 8 November 2020. Adults found on each tree were separated into six within-tree positions (lower trunk, middle trunk, upper trunk, first branch, second branch, and above second branch) by four directions (East, South, West, and North). In total, 78,796 adults were counted at the six study sites during the 15-week period. Significant differences in total adult count were found among trees, with a mean of 2,627 (254–12,023) adults/tree. Study site, tree diameter, and cardinal direction had no significant impact on adult spatial distribution. However, significantly more adults were found on the middle (1077), the lower (865), and the upper trunk (337) compared with the first (194), the second (93), and above second branches (60). Most adults were congregated on the lower and middle trunks. Seasonal dynamics followed adult development and migration patterns in the field, with peak populations observed in weeks 35 (24–30 August) and 37 (7–13 September) before declining. Female-based sex ratios ranged from 77.3 to 100% according to weekly monitoring of the lower 1 m trunk of 10 trees at 2 sites (5 trees/site) for 12 weeks from 17 August to 8 November, with 7,356 females and 197 males counted, respectively. Impact factors such as attack patterns, intraspecific congregation, adult seasonality, and sexual dimorphism in host selection are discussed.
2020年7月27日至11月8日,通过每周对30棵树(6个地点,5棵树/地点)进行采样,研究了宾夕法尼亚州天堂树(臭椿)上斑点灯笼蝇(Lycoma delicatula)的空间分布和季节动态。在每棵树上发现的成虫被四个方向(东、南、西和北)分为六个树内位置(下主干、中主干、上主干、第一分支、第二分支和第二分支以上)。在15周的时间里,共有78796名成年人在六个研究地点接受了统计。树木之间的成虫总数存在显著差异,平均每棵树有2627(254–12023)个成虫。研究地点、树径和基本方向对成虫空间分布没有显著影响。然而,与第一分支(194)、第二分支(93)和第二分支以上分支(60)相比,在中部(1077)、下部(865)和上部主干(337)发现了明显更多的成虫。大多数成年人都聚集在下树干和中树干上。季节动态遵循野外的成年发育和迁徙模式,在第35周(8月24日至30日)和第37周(9月7日至13日)观察到种群数量峰值,然后下降。根据对2个地点(5棵树/个地点)10棵树下1米树干12年的每周监测,基于女性的性别比在77.3%至100%之间 从8月17日至11月8日,共有7356名女性和197名男性。讨论了寄主选择中的攻击模式、种内聚集、成虫季节性和两性异形等影响因素。
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引用次数: 1
Defense against Feeding by Spring Aphid Parasitism in the Upper Leaf Parts of Host Plants 春蚜寄生在寄主植物上部叶部的摄食防御
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1087823
Yuuka Murakami, Hisashi Kawai, Akane Shindo, E. Hasegawa
In a symbiosis, each participant gains more fitness benefits than is paid in maintenance costs for the symbiosis. The mugwort aphid, Macrosiphoniella yomogicola, is ant-associated, and the host mugwort Artemisia montana is a genet-producing plant that has clonal aboveground shoots. M. yomogicola infests most A. montana shoots from spring to midsummer, and attending ants also repel leaf-eaters of the host plant. However, most aphid colonies become extinct after budding of A. montana inflorescence after early August. A few surviving aphid colonies (1∼3 per genet) produce sexuparae in mid-October. The shoots on which the sexuparae emerged lost most of their fitness because the aphids strongly suppress budding and growth of inflorescence. However, as the shoots are genetic clones of each other, the appearance of stem mothers in the next spring may result in early spreading of the aphids and attending ants to clonal shoots, which would protect the host from leaf-eaters. Here, we show that all shoots on a genet with stem mothers are occupied by aphids and ants much faster than those on a genet without stem mothers. The attending ants repel leaf-eaters to unimportant leaves for the host. Our results suggest that, as the shoots of a genet are all clones, sustaining the aphids on a few shoots may be beneficial to a genet as a whole through kin selection.
在共生关系中,每个参与者获得的健身收益都超过了共生关系的维护成本。艾蚜Macrosephoniella yomogicola与蚂蚁有关,寄主艾是一种产基因的植物,具有克隆的地上芽。从春天到仲夏,M.yomogicola寄生在A.montana的大部分枝条上,而寄生的蚂蚁也会击退寄主植物的食叶蚁。然而,大多数蚜虫群落在8月初A.montana花序出芽后灭绝。一些幸存的蚜虫群落(每个基因1~3个)在10月中旬产生六倍体。由于蚜虫强烈抑制花序的出芽和生长,出现六胞菌的枝条失去了大部分健康状态。然而,由于芽是彼此的遗传克隆,第二年春天茎母的出现可能会导致蚜虫提前传播,并使蚂蚁进入克隆芽,这将保护宿主免受食叶者的伤害。在这里,我们展示了有茎母的基因上的所有芽被蚜虫和蚂蚁占据的速度比没有茎母的遗传上的要快得多。寄主蚂蚁会将食叶蚁排斥到对寄主来说不重要的叶子上。我们的研究结果表明,由于一个基因的芽都是无性系,通过亲属选择,在几个芽上维持蚜虫可能对整个基因有益。
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引用次数: 0
Larvicidal Activities and Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils against Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kisumu, Kenya 精油对肯尼亚基苏木地区富氏按蚊和致倦库蚊的杀幼虫活性及增效作用
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8302696
D. W. Wangrawa, Jackline Kosgei, Maxwell Machani, James Opala, Silas Agumba, Félix Yaméogo, D. Borovsky, E. Ochomo
Rapid development of resistance in vector mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides is a major challenge for malaria control. The use of plant-derived essential oils (EOs) is an attractive strategy in controlling mosquito populations because they are environmentally safe and may have a lower chance of developing resistance. This study assessed the larvicidal activities of EOs from Lantana camara, Lippia multiflora, Lippia chevalieri, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus against Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The 3rd–4th instar larvae were tested using a World Health Organization (WHO)-modified protocol to evaluate larval mortality 24 h after exposure to EOs and their binary combinations. Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were more susceptible to EOs than An. funestus larvae. For Cx. quinquefasciatus, the lethal concentrations at 50% mortality (LC50s) of EOs from C. schoenanthus, L. multiflora, L. camara, and L. chevalieri were 23.32, 27.24, 38.54, and 54.11 ppm, respectively; whereas for An. funestus, the EO LC50s were 120.5, 67.5, 49.21, and 105.74 ppm, respectively. Synergistic effects were observed using EOs from C. schoenanthus + L. multiflora (LC50 = 44.05 ppm) on An. funestus, while L. camara + L. chevalieri (LC50 = 33.16 ppm), L. chevalieri + C. schoenanthus (LC50 = 12.08 ppm), and L. multiflora + L. chevalieri (LC50 = 20.61 ppm) were synergistic for Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results indicate the potential of EOs derived from local plants and their binary combinations as botanical larvicides. The EOs could be used as future ecofriendly agents to control these vectors.
病媒蚊子对合成杀虫剂的抗药性迅速发展是疟疾控制面临的一大挑战。使用植物源性精油是控制蚊子数量的一种有吸引力的策略,因为它们对环境安全,而且产生抗药性的可能性较低。本研究评价了大柳杉、多花Lippia multiflora、chevalieri Lippia chevalieri和Cymbopogon schoenanthus 4种植物的幼虫对富氏按蚊和致倦库蚊的杀幼虫活性。采用世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)修订方案,对暴露于EOs及其二元组合24 h后的3 ~ 4龄幼虫进行了死亡率评估。致倦库蚊幼虫对EOs的易感程度高于安蚊。funestus幼虫。残雪。致倦库蚊的50%致死浓度(lc50)分别为23.32、27.24、38.54和54.11 ppm;而对于An。结果表明,其EO lc50分别为120.5、67.5、49.21和105.74 ppm。用花楸+ L的EOs观察了协同效应。(LC50 = 44.05 ppm);L. camara + L.;(LC50 = 33.16 ppm), L. chevalieri + C.;(LC50 = 12.08 ppm);chevalieri (LC50 = 20.61 ppm)对Cx有增效作用。quinquefasciatus。这些结果表明,从当地植物中提取的EOs及其二元组合具有作为植物性杀幼虫剂的潜力。EOs可以作为未来的生态友好型代理来控制这些载体。
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引用次数: 6
The Use of Honeybee Hives May Boost Yields of Some Crops in Nepal 在尼泊尔,使用蜂箱可能会提高一些作物的产量
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8876388
Kedar Devkota, Prashant Rijal, Charles Fernando dos Santos
Many pollination-dependent crops worldwide need bees for the highest productivity. If the crops are not pollinated, a pollination deficit will result. Consequently, low yields of fruit set and seed set of cultivated plants may be expected. Here, we evaluated how pollination with honeybee (Apis mellifera) hives may affect the production of the bittergourd (Momordica charantia), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and mustard (Brassica campestris) in tons or quintal per hectare in Nepal. Our experimental design involved three treatments in blocks within selected areas: (i) the effect of the honeybees alone (caged with beehives), (ii) free insect access under natural field conditions, and (iii) blocks restraining insect access (caged without beehives). We also assessed the flower visiting insects within crops using pan traps and identifying insect orders. We found that the productivity of bittergourd, buckwheat, and mustard significantly increased in the treatments with beehives inside the cage. To a lesser extent, the treatment with free access to the flying insects enhanced the production of the selected crops. Proportionally, Hymenoptera (mainly bees) was the most common taxon within bittergourd, buckwheat, and mustard crops, followed by Diptera and Lepidoptera. Hence, the provision of beehives in cultivated areas such as those evaluated here could be considered as a complementary strategy for supporting the long-term productivity of these crops in Nepal.
世界上许多依赖授粉的作物需要蜜蜂来获得最高的生产力。如果作物不授粉,就会导致授粉不足。因此,栽培植物坐果和坐种的产量可能较低。在这里,我们评估了蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)蜂箱授粉如何影响尼泊尔苦瓜(Momordica charantia)、荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)和芥菜(Brassica campestris)的产量(每公顷吨或五分)。我们的实验设计包括在选定区域内进行三种方块处理:(i)蜜蜂单独(有蜂巢的笼子)的影响,(ii)自然野外条件下昆虫自由进入,(iii)限制昆虫进入的方块(没有蜂巢的笼子)。我们还利用盘诱法和昆虫分类法对作物内访花昆虫进行了评估。我们发现,在笼子里有蜂箱的处理下,苦瓜、荞麦和芥菜的产量显著提高。在较小程度上,自由接触飞虫的处理提高了所选作物的产量。在苦瓜、荞麦和芥菜作物中,膜翅目昆虫以蜜蜂为主,其次是双翅目昆虫和鳞翅目昆虫。因此,在这里所评估的耕种地区提供蜂箱可被视为支持尼泊尔这些作物长期生产力的补充战略。
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引用次数: 1
Butterfly Diversity and Abundance in the Middle Afromontane Area of Northwestern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西北部非洲中部山区蝴蝶的多样性和丰富度
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8805366
M. Wale, Sofia Abdella
Butterflies are good indicators of environmental health, and they play a critical role in the food chain. Butterfly diversity and abundance were studied for the first time at three forests and their surrounding habitats in northwestern Ethiopia, a borderline ecosystem between the subtropical savannah and the Ethiopian highlands (Afromontane). Butterfly species richness and abundance were assessed using transects between October 2018 and June 2019. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, correlation and regression analysis, diversity indices, ordination analysis, cluster analysis, and rarefaction curves. A total of 27,568 butterflies were recorded that belonged to three families, five subfamilies, and eight genera. The forest habitat had more butterfly taxa (abundance and diversity) than other habitats. Belenois spp. and Mylothris agathina were the most abundant in all three study locations. Species common to all study areas include Belenois aurota, Belenois raffrayi, Mylothris agathina, Eronia leda, Junonia terea elgiva, and Phalanta eurytis neuritis. Forest edge and woody forest habitats were the richest in terms of both number of species and number of individuals. Equitability (Pielou's index) showed equal distribution of the species, i.e., 0.8 to 0.9, except at the open grassland at Tara Gedam (0.3). Margalef's index varied between habitats and locations showing differences in species richness (from 0.25 at the woody forest of Mount Bezawit to 0.86 at the forest edge of Tara Gedam). Ordination analyses also showed that associations existed between habitats, locations, and dates of sampling. Rarefaction curves rose quickly at the forest edge and woody forest habitats compared to other forests. The cluster analysis discriminated the different habitats. Populations declined during the dry season (December to April). In conclusion, butterfly species diversity and abundance varied with respect to habitat and sampling date (season), although less diverse than other regions in the country where natural forests still widely exist. Butterfly species must be regularly monitored, and their habitats must be preserved for the health of the entire ecosystem.
蝴蝶是环境健康的良好指标,在食物链中发挥着至关重要的作用。首次在埃塞俄比亚西北部的三个森林及其周围栖息地研究了蝴蝶的多样性和丰度。埃塞俄比亚西北部是亚热带稀树草原和埃塞俄比亚高地(阿夫罗蒙坦)之间的边缘生态系统。使用2018年10月至2019年6月的样带评估了蝴蝶物种的丰富度和丰度。采用方差分析、相关和回归分析、多样性指数、排序分析、聚类分析和稀疏曲线对数据进行分析。共记录了27568只蝴蝶,分属三科、五亚科和八属。森林栖息地的蝴蝶类群(丰度和多样性)比其他栖息地多。Belenois spp.和Mylothris agathina在所有三个研究地点都是最丰富的。所有研究区域常见的物种包括aurota Belenois、raffrayi Belenos、Mylothris agathina、Eronia leda、Junonia terea elgiva和Phalanta eurytis neutis。就物种数量和个体数量而言,森林边缘和木本森林栖息地最丰富。公平性(Pielou指数)显示物种分布均匀,即0.8至0.9,Tara Gedam的开阔草原除外(0.3)。Margalef指数因栖息地和地点而异,显示物种丰富度差异(从Bezawit山木本森林的0.25到Tara Getam森林边缘的0.86)。排序分析还表明,栖息地、地点和采样日期之间存在关联。与其他森林相比,森林边缘和木本森林栖息地的稀疏曲线迅速上升。聚类分析区分了不同的生境。旱季(12月至4月),种群数量下降。总之,蝴蝶物种的多样性和丰度因栖息地和采样日期(季节)而异,尽管其多样性不如该国仍广泛存在天然林的其他地区。必须定期监测蝴蝶物种,为了整个生态系统的健康,必须保护它们的栖息地。
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引用次数: 2
Efficacy of Aqueous Extracts from Syzygium aromaticum, Tephrosia vogelii, and Croton dichogamus against Myzus persicae on Brassica oleracea in Northern Tanzania 坦桑尼亚北部地区香薷、毛茛和巴豆水提物对甘蓝桃蚜的防效研究
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-19 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2525328
Nelson Mpumi, K. Mtei, Revocatus Lazaro Machunda, P. Ndakidemi
The effectiveness of 1, 5, and 10% w/v of aqueous extracts of Croton dichogamus, Tephrosia vogelii, and Syzygium aromaticum and their mixture (2.5 and 5%) was evaluated against Myzus persicae on Brassica oleracea under field conditions. The synthetic chemical insecticide, chlorpyrifos, was used as positive control, and water and water plus soap were used as negative controls. Aqueous extracts significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) lowered M. persicae population compared with negative controls. The 5% of the aqueous extract from mixed plants and 10% of each plant used in this study significantly ( P ≤ 0.01 ) reduced aphid, M. persicae population comparable to chlorpyrifos in 2019 and 2020. However, the 1 and 5% concentrations of aqueous extracts of C. dichogamus, T. vogelii, and S. aromaticum and 2.5% of aqueous extracts from the mixed plants significantly lowered the population of M. persicae compared with negative controls in 2019 and 2020 wet seasons. The weekly observations revealed that, at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after application of treatments, the population of M. persicae differed significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ). Also, the aqueous extracts from the mixed plants at 5% concentrations significantly ( P ≤ 0.01 ) reduced M. persicae population as compared with other treatments. It was as effective as synthetic chemical pesticide (chlorpyrifos). Also, 1 and 5% of C. dichogamus, T. vogelii, and S. aromaticum and the 2.5% of aqueous extracts from the mixed plants significantly reduced the population of M. persicae for all 6 weeks of study compared with negative controls. Therefore, these pesticidal plants can be recommended to smallholder farmers for the control of M. persicae in B. oleracea crops.
在田间条件下,评价了巴Croton dichogamus、Tephrosia vogelii和Syzygium aromatium的水提液分别为1、5和10% w/v及其混合物(2.5%和5%)对甘蓝(Brassica甘蓝)上的桃蚜的防治效果。以合成化学杀虫剂毒死蜱为阳性对照,水和水加肥皂为阴性对照。与阴性对照相比,水提液显著(P≤0.05)降低了桃蚜种群数量。混合植物水提物的5%和每种植物水提物的10%在2019年和2020年显著(P≤0.01)减少了与毒死蜱相当的桃蚜种群。然而,在2019年和2020年雨季,与阴性对照相比,1和5%浓度的双花楸、T. vogelii和S. aromaticum水提取物和2.5%浓度的混合植物水提取物显著降低了桃蚜的种群数量。每周观察结果显示,处理后第1、2、3、4、5周桃蚜种群数量差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。5%浓度的混合植株水提液与其他处理相比,显著(P≤0.01)降低了桃蚜种群数量。效果与合成化学农药(毒死蜱)相当。此外,与阴性对照相比,1和5%的双花蓟马、vogelii和S. aromaticum以及2.5%的混合植物水提取物在6周的研究中显著减少了桃蚜的数量。因此,这些杀虫植物可推荐给小农用于控制甘蓝作物中的桃蚜。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Breeding Habitat Characteristics on the Larval Abundance of Aedes Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Three Localities, Galle District, Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡加勒区三个地区繁殖生境特征对伊蚊幼虫数量的影响
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9911571
D. Dissanayake, C. D. Wijekoon, H. Wegiriya
Dengue has become a national burden in Sri Lanka, and the understanding of breeding ecology of vectors, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse, is the most effective way to control the disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relative larval abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in different types and characteristics of containers in three selected localities in Galle district, Sri Lanka. Totally, 550 containers were positive for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae. Aedes albopictus showed the high larval abundance in all studied sites. The larval abundance of artificial containers (90.57%) was high than that of natural containers (9.43%) for both Aedes spp. ( P < 0.05 ). The breeding preference for A. aegypti was high in tires (rubber) (17.82%), while plastic cups (28.00%) were the most preferable container type for Ae. albopictus. Dark color containers than light color containers ( P < 0.05 ) and containers with leaf litter accumulated as detritus ( P < 0.05 ) showed high relative larval abundance for both Aedes species. Containers with 50–100 ml volume of water showed the highest relative abundance of both Ae. aegypti (29.28%) and Ae. albopictus (41.79%) ( P > 0.05 ). The high larval abundance of Aedes recorded in ground level containers (1–5 cm) and their abundance decreased significantly with the increasing of height where containers were found (1–20 cm) ( P < 0.05 ). The significantly high relative abundance was observed with the increase of the shady level for Ae. aegypti (57.34%) and Ae. albopictus (61.32%) ( P < 0.05 ). This knowledge will be helpfull to implement dengue surveillance programs in the area.
登革热已成为斯里兰卡的国家负担,了解媒介埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的繁殖生态是控制该病的最有效途径。本研究旨在调查伊蚊的相对幼虫丰度。埃及伊蚊和伊蚊。斯里兰卡加勒区三个选定地点不同类型和特征容器中的白纹伊蚊。共有550个容器对伊蚊和伊蚊均呈阳性。埃及伊蚊和伊蚊。蚊幼虫。白纹伊蚊在所有研究地点均表现出较高的幼虫丰度。两种伊蚊的人工容器幼虫丰度(90.57%)均高于天然容器(9.43%)(P < 0.05)。伊蚊幼虫丰度在地面(1 ~ 5 cm)容器中较高,随容器高度(1 ~ 20 cm)的增加而显著降低(P < 0.05)。随着遮荫水平的增加,Ae的相对丰度显著增高。埃及伊蚊占57.34%;白纹伊蚊占61.32% (P < 0.05)。这些知识将有助于在该地区实施登革热监测项目。
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引用次数: 3
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Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
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