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Toxicity and Oviposition Deterrent Activities of Thyme Essential Oils against Anopheles arabiensis 百里香精油对阿拉伯按蚊的毒性及抑卵活性研究
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684156
Destaw Damtie, Y. Mekonnen
Background. Malaria is one of the deadliest mosquito-borne diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia. Owing to their costs and environmental issues, synthetic insecticides are poor choices to control mosquitoes. Plant-based products can be considered as safe and biodegradable alternatives. The present study aimed to test the toxicity and oviposition deterrent activities of Thymus serrulatus and Thymus schimperi essential oils (EOs) against Anopheles arabiensis. Methods. Thyme EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger-type apparatus. They were named Tar, Ala, and Yil after the areas of thyme collection Tarmaber, Alamata, and Yilmana Densa, respectively. Laboratory-based tests were used to determine the larvicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent, and half lethal dose (LD50) of each EO. Results. The concentrations of 100 μl/L and 50 μl/L resulted in complete mortalities of larvae and adults, respectively, for all the three Eos considered. The EOs exhibited high repellency with oviposition activity index of −1 (OAI = −1) at concentrations of 50 μl/L (Tar), 100 μl/L (Ala), and 200 μl/L (Yil). Conclusions. The EOs of T. serrulatus and T. schimperi were effective against larvae and adult mosquitoes at small doses and resulted in oviposition deterrence at doses from 50 to 200 μl/L. Thus, these EOs are promising mosquitocides and oviposition deterrents. But, further tests both in the presence of already known and effective deterrents and field trials are required.
背景疟疾是撒哈拉以南非洲和埃塞俄比亚最致命的蚊子传播疾病之一。由于成本和环境问题,合成杀虫剂是控制蚊子的糟糕选择。植物基产品可以被认为是安全和可生物降解的替代品。本研究旨在测试细纹百里香和schimperi百里香精油(EOs)对阿拉伯按蚊的毒性和产卵威慑活性。方法。使用Clevenger型装置通过加氢蒸馏提取胸腺EOs。它们分别以百里香收藏区Tarmaber、Alamata和Yilmana Densa命名为Tar、Ala和Yil。基于实验室的测试用于确定每种EO的杀幼虫、杀通奸、产卵威慑和半致死剂量(LD50)。后果100的浓度 μl/l和50 μl/l分别导致幼虫和成虫完全死亡。EOs表现出很高的排斥性,产卵活性指数为−1(OAI = −1) 浓度为50 μl/l(焦油),100 μl/l(Ala)和200 μl/l(Yil)。结论。细纹T.serrulatus和细纹T.schimperi的EOs在小剂量下对幼虫和成年蚊子有效,并在50至200剂量下产生产卵威慑 μl/l。因此,这些EOs是很有前途的驱蚊剂和产卵抑制剂。但是,还需要在已知和有效的威慑剂存在的情况下进行进一步的测试和实地试验。
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引用次数: 4
Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of Lavandula angustifolia Subsp. angustifolia and Lavandula dentata Spp. dentata Essential Oils against Culex pipiens Larvae, Vector of West Nile Virus 狭叶薰衣草的化学成分和杀幼虫活性。angustifolia和Lavandula dentata Spp.dentata精油对抗西尼罗河病毒载体库蚊幼虫
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8872139
Fouad El-Akhal, A. Ramzi, A. Farah, Y. Ez zoubi, Moussa Benboubker, K. Taghzouti, A. El Ouali Lalami
The Culex pipiens mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) is highly suspected to be the vector responsible for the spread of several parasitic and viral diseases. The use of synthetic insecticides is generally the preferred method of controlling these mosquitoes’ proliferation. However, it has led to resistance problems in target mosquitoes and environmental damage. Hence, diverse plant extracts could be considered as an alternative and potential source as mosquito control agents. In this study, essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia and Lavandula dentata spp. dentata that are growing in Morocco were examined for their insecticidal effects on Culex pipiens larvae. The bioassay was performed according to a methodology inspired by the standard protocol of the World Health Organization. The mortality rate was determined after 24 hours of exposure, and probit regression analysis was used to calculate LC50 and LC90. The chemical analysis revealed that the principal compounds of L. angustifolia subsp. essential oils include linalool, linalyl acetate, geraniol, lavandulyl acetate, camphor, β-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, β-myrcene, and 1,8-cineole, while the essential oil of L. dentata spp. was mainly composed of 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene, trans-pinocarveol, linalool, and borneol. These volatile compounds have shown a toxic effect against Culex pipiens larvae, with lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 being, respectively, 140 µg/ml and 450 µg/ml, for the L. angustifolia subsp. essential oil. Meanwhile, they were estimated at 2670 µg/ml and 7400 µg/ml, respectively, for the L. dentata spp. essential oil. These results suggest using essential oils of two species of Lavandula to control the Culex pipiens mosquito. It could be useful for the study of new natural larvicidal compounds.
库蚊(Diptera:库蚊科)被高度怀疑是导致几种寄生虫和病毒性疾病传播的媒介。使用合成杀虫剂通常是控制这些蚊子繁殖的首选方法。然而,它导致了目标蚊子的耐药性问题和环境破坏。因此,多种植物提取物可以被认为是一种替代和潜在的灭蚊剂来源。本研究对狭叶薰衣草的精油进行了研究。研究了生长在摩洛哥的狭叶和齿叶薰衣草对库蚊幼虫的杀虫作用。生物测定是根据受世界卫生组织标准方案启发的方法进行的。暴露24小时后测定死亡率,并使用probit回归分析计算LC50和LC90。化学分析结果表明,狭叶李的主要成分为:。精油包括芳樟醇、乙酸芳樟酯、香叶醇、乙酸薰衣草酯、樟脑、β-石竹烯、萜品烯-4-醇、β-月桂烯和1,8-桉叶醇,而齿乳的精油主要由1,8-桉叶醇、樟脑、α-蒎烯、反式皮诺醇、芳樟醇和龙脑组成。这些挥发性化合物已显示出对库蚊幼虫的毒性作用,致死浓度LC50和LC90分别为140 µg/ml和450 µg/ml,对于狭叶L.angustifolia亚种。精油。与此同时,估计有2670人 µg/ml和7400 µg/ml。这些结果建议使用两种薰衣草的精油来控制库蚊。它可用于研究新的天然杀幼虫化合物。
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引用次数: 12
A Description and Examination of Fluorescence in Nine North American Firefly Species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) 九种北美萤火虫荧光的描述和检测(鞘翅目:联吡啶科)
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-28 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856155
A. Wilcox
Fluorescence across the family Lampyridae has been documented sporadically but not comprehensively in formal research. Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), best known for their bioluminescence, are also fluorescent. This fluorescence has been documented in several genera within the clade but is still an often overlooked aspect of firefly physiology in the common understanding of the species. To this end, the purpose of this study was to document and describe the fluorescence in nine species of North American fireflies, across three genera. Each species was photographed and a description of the fluorescent pattern was provided, as well as measurements of the specific spectral sensitivity of the fluorescent excitation and emission wavelengths. These data are intended to provide an identification guide of sorts to different firefly fluorescence, as well as documenting definitively its presence in several firefly genera.
Lampyridae家族的荧光已被零星记录,但在正式研究中不全面。萤火虫(鞘翅目:萤蛉科),以其生物发光而闻名,也是荧光的。这种荧光已经在分支内的几个属中被记录,但在对物种的共同理解中,它仍然是萤火虫生理学的一个经常被忽视的方面。为此,本研究的目的是记录和描述北美三属九种萤火虫的荧光。每个物种都被拍照,并提供了荧光模式的描述,以及荧光激发和发射波长的特定光谱灵敏度的测量。这些数据旨在为不同种类的萤火虫荧光提供识别指南,并明确记录其在几个萤火虫属中的存在。
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引用次数: 1
Diversity and Trophic Relationships of Functional Groups of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombus Latreille, 1802) in Urban Habitats 城市生境大黄蜂(膜翅目:蜂科,大黄蜂,1802)功能群的多样性和营养关系
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-07 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5182146
H. Honchar
Species composition, distribution, and trophic relationships of bumblebees are studied in six types of urban habitat: urban parks, botanical gardens, least-disturbed areas within the city, residential areas, and roadsides. Twenty bumblebee species are recorded in the present study. The species composition of bumblebees has changed from 1933 to 2017. Rare species have disappeared from the city—Bombus fragrans, B. cullumanus, and B. jonellus. The core of urban bumblebee communities consists of ecologically plastic species, most of which belong to the functional morphoecological “short-tongued” group (83%). The more specialized “medium-tongued” and “long-tongued” species are less diverse. Their populations make up 14% and 3% of the total bumblebee population. Five most common species, B. lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum, and B. hypnorum, are found at locations of the most noted categories of habitats. One of the main factors affecting the diversity of morphoecological groups of bumblebees in urban conditions is the state of floral resources. The bumblebees are observed feeding on more than 60 plant species of the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Salicaceae in urban environment; however, the insects favored plants of 30 species. The ornamental, ruderal, and some invasive species of plants are significant in bumblebees’ feeding in urban conditions. The resources for bumblebee feeding and sustainable density of nesting sites are rich in quality and quantity only at a few of model urban sites. At these territories, the highest species diversity of bumblebee is recorded, including rare, protected, and vulnerable species. The ecological potential of other studied urban sites is enough to sustain the most ecologically plastic bumblebee species.
在城市公园、植物园、城市最小干扰区、居民区和路边6种类型的城市生境中,研究了大黄蜂的种类组成、分布和营养关系。本研究记录了20种大黄蜂。从1933年到2017年,大黄蜂的物种组成发生了变化。城市中的珍稀物种bombus fragrans、B. cullumanus和B. jonellus已经消失。城市大黄蜂群落的核心由生态可塑性物种组成,大部分属于功能形态生态学的“短舌”类群(83%)。更特殊的“中舌”和“长舌”物种多样性较低。它们的数量分别占大黄蜂总数的14%和3%。五个最常见的种类,即绿胸小蠊、地胸小蠊、紫胸小蠊、草原小蠊和海胸小蠊,在最著名的生境类别中都有发现。城市环境中影响大黄蜂形态生态类群多样性的主要因素之一是植物资源状况。在城市环境中,观察到大黄蜂以菊科、豆科、兰科、蔷薇科、水杨科等60多种植物为食;然而,昆虫偏爱30种植物。观赏植物、野生植物和一些入侵植物对城市环境下大黄蜂的取食有重要影响。大黄蜂取食资源和可持续筑巢密度仅在少数几个典型的城市站点上具有丰富的质量和数量。在这些地区,有记录的大黄蜂物种多样性最高,包括稀有、受保护和易受伤害的物种。其他被研究的城市地点的生态潜力足以维持大多数生态可塑性大黄蜂物种。
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引用次数: 1
Antioviposition and Reduction of Callosobruchus chinensis Pic. 1902 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Emergence on Phaseolus vulgaris by Dioscorea sansibarensis Powder and Its Chemical Composition 三叶薯蓣粉及其化学成分对中国斑蝽(鞘翅目:斑蝽科)的防卵抑制作用
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3298479
G. Mauti, P. Kasigwa, J. Onguso
Callosobruchus chinensis causes damage to the Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Traditionally, Dioscorea sansibarensis serves as a medicinal plant. Naturally, D. sansibarensis has toxins that protect against herbivores and the surrounding invasive plants in its natural habitat. Phytochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and laboratory experiments was carried out to determine the activity of D. sansibarensis leaves, bulbils, and yams powders on antioviposition and inhibition of the F1 emergence of C. chinensis. Bioassay data were subjected to nonparametric (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) statistical analysis and a generalized linear model at P ≤ 0.05 . Statistically, the powders had an antioviposition activity of 34.3% (R2 = 0.343). A recommendable activity on antioviposition was displayed by the yams powder; treatment by 0.8 g of yams powder had a Wald Chi-Square value of 1.291, P = 0.26 . Inhibition of F1 emergence was significantly attained by the yams powder; the treatment by 0.6 g of yams powder had a Wald Chi-Square value of 7.72, P = 0.01 . Statistically, the bulbils powder displayed low antioviposition and inhibition of F1 emergence. Observations on the TLC exposed compounds with similar Rf values; saponin with an Rf value of 0.72 was portrayed in the leaves, bulbils, and yams. A terpenoid and a flavonoid with Rf values of 0.37 and 0.71, respectively, were observed in bulbils and yams but absent in leaves. A terpenoid with an Rf value of 0.49 was visualized in leaves and bulbils but not in the yams powder. The study concluded that the D. sansibarensis yams and leaves powders are viable for application by the farmers in the protection of stored legumes against attack by C. chinensis. However, there may be other diverse interests in other storage insects and other methods of phytochemical analysis that have not been investigated.
中国紫苏对菜豆种子有一定的危害。传统上,薯蓣是一种药用植物。自然地,D.sansibrensis在其自然栖息地具有保护其免受食草动物和周围入侵植物侵害的毒素。采用薄层色谱法(TLC)和室内实验进行了植物化学分析,测定了三柏叶、球茎和山芋粉对中华鳖F1代羽化的抑制作用。在P≤0.05时,对生物测定数据进行非参数(Kolmogorov–Smirnov)统计分析和广义线性模型。经统计,粉末具有34.3%的抗氧化活性(R2 = 0.343)。该粉末显示出推荐的抗氧化活性;0.8的处理 g的yams粉末的Wald-Chi平方值为1.291、P=0.26。番薯粉能显著抑制F1的出现;0.6的处理 g的yams粉末的Wald-Chi平方值为7.72,P=0.01。从统计学上看,珠芽粉对F1的抑制作用和抗氧化能力较低。对具有相似Rf值的TLC暴露的化合物的观察;Rf值为0.72的皂苷出现在叶、球茎和山芋中。在球茎和山芋中观察到Rf值分别为0.37和0.71的萜类和类黄酮,但在叶片中不存在。Rf值为0.49的萜类化合物在叶和球茎中可见,但在山芋粉中没有。该研究得出结论,农民可以将山豆芽和叶粉应用于保护储存的豆类免受C.chinensis的攻击。然而,对其他储存昆虫和其他尚未调查的植物化学分析方法可能还有其他不同的兴趣。
{"title":"Antioviposition and Reduction of Callosobruchus chinensis Pic. 1902 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Emergence on Phaseolus vulgaris by Dioscorea sansibarensis Powder and Its Chemical Composition","authors":"G. Mauti, P. Kasigwa, J. Onguso","doi":"10.1155/2020/3298479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3298479","url":null,"abstract":"Callosobruchus chinensis causes damage to the Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Traditionally, Dioscorea sansibarensis serves as a medicinal plant. Naturally, D. sansibarensis has toxins that protect against herbivores and the surrounding invasive plants in its natural habitat. Phytochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and laboratory experiments was carried out to determine the activity of D. sansibarensis leaves, bulbils, and yams powders on antioviposition and inhibition of the F1 emergence of C. chinensis. Bioassay data were subjected to nonparametric (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) statistical analysis and a generalized linear model at \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 . Statistically, the powders had an antioviposition activity of 34.3% (R2 = 0.343). A recommendable activity on antioviposition was displayed by the yams powder; treatment by 0.8 g of yams powder had a Wald Chi-Square value of 1.291, \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 =\u0000 0.26\u0000 \u0000 . Inhibition of F1 emergence was significantly attained by the yams powder; the treatment by 0.6 g of yams powder had a Wald Chi-Square value of 7.72, \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 =\u0000 0.01\u0000 \u0000 . Statistically, the bulbils powder displayed low antioviposition and inhibition of F1 emergence. Observations on the TLC exposed compounds with similar Rf values; saponin with an Rf value of 0.72 was portrayed in the leaves, bulbils, and yams. A terpenoid and a flavonoid with Rf values of 0.37 and 0.71, respectively, were observed in bulbils and yams but absent in leaves. A terpenoid with an Rf value of 0.49 was visualized in leaves and bulbils but not in the yams powder. The study concluded that the D. sansibarensis yams and leaves powders are viable for application by the farmers in the protection of stored legumes against attack by C. chinensis. However, there may be other diverse interests in other storage insects and other methods of phytochemical analysis that have not been investigated.","PeriodicalId":20890,"journal":{"name":"Psyche: A Journal of Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3298479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49140202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the American Palm Cixiid, Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) 美洲慈溪棕榈的线粒体全基因组研究(半翅目:慈溪科)
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-19 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-54062/v1
Lidia Komondy, J. Huguet-Tapia, M. Ascunce, Ericka E Helmick, E. Goss, B. Bahder
Haplaxius crudus Van Duzee is a pest of various economically important palms due to its ability to transmit lethal yellowing, a fatal phytoplasma infection. It is also the putative vector of lethal bronzing in Florida, another lethal phytoplasma disease causing significant economic losses. To date, no mitochondrial genomes for species in the family Cixiidae are sequenced. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. crudus was sequenced, assembled, and annotated from PacBio Sequel II long sequencing reads using the University of Florida’s HiPerGator. The mitogenome of H. crudus is 15,848 bp long and encodes 37 mitochondrial genes (including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) in addition to a putative noncoding internal control region. The nucleotide composition of H. crudus is asymmetric with a bias toward A/T (44.8 %A, 13.4 %C, 8.5 %G, and 33.3 %T). Protein-coding genes (PCGs) possess the standard invertebrate mitochondrial start codons with few exceptions while the gene content and order of the H. crudus mitogenome is highly similar to most completely sequenced insect mitochondrial genomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire mitogenome shows H. crudus resolving closely to Delphacidae, the accepted sister taxon of Cixiidae. These data provide a useful resource for developing novel primer sets that could aid in either phylogenetic studies or population genetic studies. As more full mitogenomes become available in the future for other planthopper species, more robust phylogenies can be constructed, giving more accurate perspectives on the evolutionary relationships within this fascinating and economically important group of insects.
凡·杜泽哈氏菌是各种经济上重要的棕榈树的害虫,因为它能够传播致命的黄化,这是一种致命的植原体感染。它也是佛罗里达州致命青铜器的假定载体,这是另一种造成重大经济损失的致命植原体疾病。到目前为止,还没有对Cixiidae科物种的线粒体基因组进行测序。在这项研究中,使用佛罗里达大学的HiPerGator对H.crudus的完整线粒体基因组进行了测序、组装,并从PacBio Sequel II长测序读数中进行了注释。crudus的有丝分裂基因组为15848 bp长,编码37个线粒体基因(包括13个蛋白质编码基因(PCG)、22个tRNA和2个rRNA)以及一个假定的非编码内部控制区。crudus的核苷酸组成是不对称的,偏向a/T(44.8 %A、 13.4 %C、 8.5 %G、 和33.3 %T) 。蛋白质编码基因(PCGs)具有标准的无脊椎动物线粒体起始密码子,只有少数例外,而H.crudus线粒体基因组的基因含量和顺序与大多数完全测序的昆虫线粒体基因组高度相似。基于整个有丝分裂基因组的系统发育分析表明,H.crudus与已被接受的Cixiidae的姐妹分类单元Delphacidae亲缘关系密切。这些数据为开发新的引物集提供了有用的资源,有助于系统发育研究或群体遗传学研究。随着未来更多完整的有丝分裂基因组可用于其他稻飞虱物种,可以构建更稳健的系统发育,从而对这一迷人且具有重要经济意义的昆虫群体的进化关系提供更准确的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Nutritional Effects of Three Mulberry Varieties on Silkworms in Torbat Heydarieh 三种桑树品种对柞蚕的营养影响
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6483427
M. Alipanah, Zabihollah Abedian, Abdolazim Nasiri, Farid Sarjamei
This research was conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of the silkworm hybrid p31×p32  reared with three varieties of mulberry leaves. In this study, the silkworms were fed with leaves from Kenmochi (Morus bombycis), native mulberry (Morus alba L.), and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) trees and their influence on the leaf ingested, leaf digested, cocoon weight, efficiency of feed consumption to cocoon shell, efficiency of digested feed to cocoon shell weight, efficiency of digested feed to cocoon weight, and efficiency of feed consumption to cocoon weight was studied in the Torbat Heydarieh region. The results showed that silkworms that consumed leaves of Kenmochi had better performance. Also, they had better performance for traits of cocoon shell weight, feed efficiency to cocoon shell weight, and feed efficiency to cocoon weight. Therefore, Kenmochi tree is suggested for development of sericulture in the region.
本研究对三种桑叶杂交家蚕p31×p32的生产性能进行了评价和比较。本研究在Torbat Heydarieh地区以桑树(Morus bombycis)、桑树(Morus alba L.)和黑桑树(Morus nigra L.)叶片为食,研究了叶片摄取量、叶片消化量、茧重、饲料消耗茧重效率、消化饲料/茧重效率、消化饲料/茧重效率和饲料消耗茧重效率的影响。结果表明,食用Kenmochi叶的家蚕生产性能较好。在茧壳重、饲料效率/茧壳重、饲料效率/茧重等性状上均有较好的表现。因此,建议在该地区发展蚕桑业。
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引用次数: 14
Dimorphic Sessile Apterae of the Aphid Neothoracaphis glaucae (Hemiptera) on the Evergreen Oak Quercus glauca 常绿栎树青松上新胸蚜(半翅目)二态无柄翅
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1280414
S. Aoki, U. Kurosu, K. Uematsu, T. Fukatsu, M. Kutsukake
Species of the aphid genus Neothoracaphis (Hormaphidinae, Nipponaphidini) produce tiny, sessile, sclerotized apterous adults on leaves of oaks. Among Japanese species, “N. glaucae” has been known to have the largest, ovate apterae, while “N. saramaoensis” has smaller, elongated oval apterae on Quercus glauca. Through examining mitochondrial DNA sequences of Japanese Neothoracaphis species, we found that the two are the same species with a clear dimorphism. Neothoracaphis glaucae (Takahashi) was adopted as the valid name for the species. In Tokyo, Japan, apterae of the smaller type are abundantly seen throughout the year, and those of the larger type are generally few in number from summer to autumn. Alates, which are supposed to be sexuparae, appear from November to January. Nymphs developing into the alates are covered with long, semitransparent, bristle-like wax filaments. We conclude that N. querciphaga, N. elongata, and N. yanonis are distinct species and that both the genus Neothoracaphis and the three Neothoracaphis species other than N. yanonis form monophyletic groups among Japanese Nipponaphidini species we have examined.
新胸蚜属的一种蚜虫(麻蚜科,日本蚜科)在橡树的叶子上产生微小的、无柄的、硬化的无翼成虫。在日本物种中,“N。众所周知,“青花”有最大的卵形翅,而“白花”有最大的卵形翅。“saramaoensis”在青松上有较小的,细长的卵形翅。通过对日本新胸蚜种线粒体DNA序列的分析,发现两者是同一种,具有明显的二态性。新胸蚜(高桥)被采纳为该物种的有效名称。在日本的东京,一年四季都能看到大量的小翅,而从夏季到秋季,大翅的数量通常很少。从11月到次年1月,被认为是性成熟期。发育成鳞片的若虫被长长的、半透明的、刚毛状的蜡丝所覆盖。我们认为,在我们所调查的日本Nipponaphidini种中,querciphaga N.、elongata N.和yanonis N.是不同的种,新胸蚜属和除yanonis外的三个新胸蚜属都是单系群。
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引用次数: 1
Richness of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Forest Remnant in a Transition Region of Eastern Amazonia 东亚马逊过渡区森林遗迹中野蜂(膜翅目:蜂科)的丰富度
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-10-23 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5356104
Luciano André Chaves Ferreira, D. C. Martins, M. Rêgo, Patrícia Maia Correia de Albuquerque
Eastern Amazonia is an area with great biological diversity that has suffered rapid deforestation and forest fragmentation over the years. Because of the scarcity of data on the fauna and flora, the northwest of the state of Maranhão has become a priority area for studies that seek to gain a better understanding of bee fauna. Between August 2013 and December 2014, in collections at two-month intervals, a total of 1047 bees belonging to 70 species were collected using two methods (an insect net and scent-baited traps). Apinae was the most abundant subfamily and had the greatest species richness (63 species and 1039 individuals); the most notable tribes in this subfamily were Meliponini (20 species and 445 individuals) and Euglossini (24 species and 452 individuals). In all, 62.8% of the total richness was sampled with an insect net and 34.2% with bait traps. Bees were present in every collection month, and August and December were the months with the greatest richness and abundance, respectively. Although the species accumulation curve did not stabilize, the results were positive as three new species were recorded for the Maranhão state: Bombus transversalis (Olivier, 1789); Xylocopa suspecta Moure and Camargo, 1988; and Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier, 1841, and eleven for the Amazonian region of the state.
亚马逊东部是一个生物多样性很强的地区,多年来遭受了快速的森林砍伐和森林破碎化。由于缺乏有关动物和植物群的数据,马拉尼昂州西北部已成为寻求更好地了解蜜蜂动物群的研究的优先地区。在2013年8月至2014年12月期间,每隔两个月收集一次,共使用两种方法(昆虫网和气味诱饵陷阱)收集了70个物种的1047只蜜蜂。Apinae是最丰富的亚科,物种丰富度最高(63种,1039个个体);该亚科中最著名的部落是Meliponini(20种,445个体)和Euglossini(24种,452个体)。总的来说,62.8%的总丰富度是用昆虫网采样的,34.2%是用诱饵陷阱采样的。蜜蜂出现在每个采集月,8月和12月分别是最丰富和最丰富的月份。尽管物种积累曲线没有稳定下来,但结果是积极的,因为马拉尼昂州记录了三个新物种:横骨炸弹(Olivier,1789);Moure和Camargo,1988年;1841年,Lepeletier的大木霉和该州亚马逊地区的11个大木霉。
{"title":"Richness of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Forest Remnant in a Transition Region of Eastern Amazonia","authors":"Luciano André Chaves Ferreira, D. C. Martins, M. Rêgo, Patrícia Maia Correia de Albuquerque","doi":"10.1155/2019/5356104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5356104","url":null,"abstract":"Eastern Amazonia is an area with great biological diversity that has suffered rapid deforestation and forest fragmentation over the years. Because of the scarcity of data on the fauna and flora, the northwest of the state of Maranhão has become a priority area for studies that seek to gain a better understanding of bee fauna. Between August 2013 and December 2014, in collections at two-month intervals, a total of 1047 bees belonging to 70 species were collected using two methods (an insect net and scent-baited traps). Apinae was the most abundant subfamily and had the greatest species richness (63 species and 1039 individuals); the most notable tribes in this subfamily were Meliponini (20 species and 445 individuals) and Euglossini (24 species and 452 individuals). In all, 62.8% of the total richness was sampled with an insect net and 34.2% with bait traps. Bees were present in every collection month, and August and December were the months with the greatest richness and abundance, respectively. Although the species accumulation curve did not stabilize, the results were positive as three new species were recorded for the Maranhão state: Bombus transversalis (Olivier, 1789); Xylocopa suspecta Moure and Camargo, 1988; and Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier, 1841, and eleven for the Amazonian region of the state.","PeriodicalId":20890,"journal":{"name":"Psyche: A Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5356104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41948152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
On Farm Evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill Leaf and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Whole Plant Powder against Storage Insect Pests in Stored Maize at Sokoru District in Jimma Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia 在埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州吉玛地区Sokoru地区,蓝桉叶和藜麦全株粉对玉米贮藏害虫的田间评价
IF 1.1 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-08-20 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2306742
Lelise Tilahun Dufera, A. Tadesse, W. Gobena, C. G. Kuyu
Maize is the second most widely grown cereal and gaining importance as a highly nutritious crop in Ethiopia. However, it is severely destroyed by storage insect pests and needs further research to minimize losses. In line with this, research was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of two botanical plant powders (Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaf and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant) against storage insect pests of maize grains of two maize varieties (BH-661 and Limu) in polypropylene sacks storage conditions at Jimma Zone, Sokoru district. The plant powders were compared with untreated control, and completely randomized design was used in the experiment with three replications for each treatment. Germination capacity, thousand grain weights, percent of insect damage, and weight loss of the stored grains were evaluated and reported in the range of 69.67–94.33%, 318.7–339.3 g, 3.67–50%, and 0.2843–5.22%, respectively, after five months of storage for grains treated with botanicals. However, germination capacity of 10% and 65.33%, percent insect damage of 80.33% and 48%, and weight loss of 23.53% and 5.89% were observed for BH-661 and Limu varieties, respectively, after five months of storage for untreated control. The result indicated that both tested botanicals were effective in protecting the storage insect pests and maintaining the quality of the grains tested in comparison with control and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant powder is more effective. Although there was significant protective effect compared to untreated control, their effectiveness was decreased drastically after five and three months of storage for Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant powder and Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaf powder, respectively. It is recommended that further research should be done to check if the increasing rate of application increases protection duration of these botanicals and the toxicity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. should be further studied to use it as a storage insect protectant of maize grains intended for food purpose.
玉米是种植面积第二大的谷物,作为一种高营养作物在埃塞俄比亚越来越重要。然而,储藏害虫对其破坏严重,需要进一步研究以尽量减少损失。在Sokoru县Jimma区聚丙烯麻袋储藏条件下,研究了两种植物粉剂(蓝桉叶和藜草全株)对两个玉米品种(bh661和Limu)玉米籽粒贮藏害虫的防治效果。将植物粉与未处理对照进行比较,试验采用完全随机设计,每个处理3个重复。结果表明,经植物药处理5个月后,籽粒发芽率、千粒重、虫害率和失重率分别为69.67 ~ 94.33%、318.7 ~ 339.3 g、3.67 ~ 50%和0.2843 ~ 5.22%。而未经处理后5个月,BH-661和Limu品种的发芽率分别为10%和65.33%,虫害率分别为80.33%和48%,失重率分别为23.53%和5.89%。结果表明,与对照相比,两种植物制剂对贮藏害虫的防治和籽粒品质的保持均有较好的效果,其中全株藜麦粉效果更好。与未处理的对照相比,虽然有显著的保护效果,但贮藏5个月和3个月后,山梨全株粉和蓝桉叶粉的保护效果急剧下降。建议进一步研究增加施用量是否会增加这些植物的保护期,并进一步研究其毒性,以便将其作为食用玉米谷物的贮藏保护剂。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
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