Quaternary Science Reviews最新文献_第9页

New U-series and coupled ESR/U-series dating of Xujiayao (northern China), the type site for Homo juluensis 中国北方许家窑智人（Homo juluensis）类型遗址的新U-series和耦合ESR/U-series定年

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109742

Qingfeng Shao , Fagang Wang , Junyi Ge , Jean-Jacques Bahain , Pierre Voinchet , Guilan Hu , Xinrui Jin , Rainer Grün , Christopher J. Bae , Xing Song

The Xujiayao site, located in the western part of the Nihewan Basin, Hebei Province, northern China, has yielded 21 pieces of archaic hominin fossils in association with numerous stone artifacts and mammalian remains. The Xujiayao hominin remains were recently used to define a new species Homo juluensis, representing a series of fossils, such as the Xuchang, Xiahe, Penghu, Tam Ngu Hao 2, and Denisova remains. Different dating methods have been used to estimate the age of the Xujiayao hominin remains since the 1970s when the site was originally discovered. Unfortunately, the proposed ages vary in a wide range, from the middle Middle Pleistocene to the late Late Pleistocene. To refine the age of this site, we present a new dating study using both U-series and coupled ESR/U-series dating methods. Direct U-series dating on five of the Xujiayao hominin fossils provided minimum ages ranging from ∼100 to 200 ka, which are further confined by the Diffusion – Adsorption – Decay (DAD) model ages of 172 ± 3 ka and 195 ± 5 ka, and the coupled ESR/U-series ages ranging from 144 ± 10 to 211 ± 12 ka, obtained on the associated faunal remains. These new dates were integrated with some of previously published dating results by a Bayesian age model, demonstrating that the Xujiayao upper cultural layer, in which were recovered the hominin fossils, can be constrained between 138 ± 10 ka and 199 ± 8 ka, and the lower cultural layer between 205 ± 8 ka to 228 ± 17 ka, placing the hominin occupation in a period covering the marine isotope stages 7 and 6.

徐家窑遗址位于中国北部河北省泥河湾盆地西部，在这里发现了21块古人类化石，以及大量的石器和哺乳动物遗骸。许家窑古人类遗骨最近被用来定义一个新的物种——朱立人，它代表了许昌、夏河、澎湖、潭牛号2号和丹尼索瓦遗骨等一系列化石。自20世纪70年代徐家窑古人类遗址被发现以来，人们使用了不同的年代测定方法来估计该遗址的年龄。不幸的是，提出的年龄范围很广，从中更新世中期到晚更新世晚期。为了确定该遗址的年龄，我们提出了一项新的测年研究，使用u -系列和耦合ESR/ u -系列测年方法。对5具须家窑古人类化石进行直接u系列测年，得到的最小年龄在~ 100 ~ 200 ka之间，进一步受到扩散-吸附-衰变（DAD）模式年龄（172±3 ka和195±5 ka）的限制，以及相关动物遗骸的耦合ESR/ u系列年龄（144±10 ~ 211±12 ka）的限制。利用贝叶斯年龄模型，将这些新的年代与先前发表的部分定年结果相结合，表明许家窑上层文化层（其中发现了古人类化石）的时间限制在138±10 ka至199±8 ka之间，下层文化层（205±8 ka至228±17 ka）之间，将古人类的活动置于海洋同位素阶段7和6的时期。

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引用次数: 0

Orbital forcing of the eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline in the late Pleistocene 晚更新世赤道太平洋东部温跃层的轨道强迫

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109734

Celeste T. Pallone , Karine Holmes , Chandler A. Morris , Jerry F. McManus

Eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline depth is an important component of the tropical Pacific's coupled ocean-atmosphere system and varies across El Niño and La Niña events. To investigate the influence of orbital forcing, we present a paleo-record of thermocline depth throughout the last large Pleistocene climate cycle, derived from downcore measurements of the oxygen isotope composition of multiple species of planktic foraminifera that calcified at different depths throughout the upper water column. We find that the eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline varied between deeper and shallower mean states, deepening when insolation at the equator in boreal late summer/early fall decreased and shoaling when this seasonal insolation increased. Here, we show a close phase relationship between precession-paced increases in boreal late summer/early fall equatorial insolation and thermocline shoaling, which suggests that heating of the tropical Pacific during months of maximum zonal sea surface temperature and thermocline depth asymmetry was a key influence on its mean state.

东赤道太平洋温跃层深度是热带太平洋海洋-大气耦合系统的重要组成部分，在El Niño和La Niña事件中发生变化。为了研究轨道强迫的影响，我们提出了一个贯穿最后一个大更新世气候周期的温跃层深度的古记录，该记录来自于对整个上层水柱不同深度钙化的多种浮游有孔虫的氧同位素组成的岩心测量。结果表明，东赤道太平洋温跃层在深、浅两种平均状态之间存在差异，当北半球夏末秋初赤道日晒减少时，温跃层加深，当该季节日晒增加时，温跃层变浅。结果表明，在纬向海表温度最高的月份，热带太平洋的加热和温跃层深度不对称是影响其平均状态的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Isotopic evidence for changing diet and agriculture in China from the Neolithic to the Early Han period (10-2 ka BP) 新石器时代至汉初（10-2 ka BP）中国饮食和农业变化的同位素证据

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109725

Meng Zhang, Dan Lawrence, Andrew R. Millard

This paper examines changing subsistence practices from the Neolithic to the Early Han Dynasty across diverse cultural regions of China. Using a large corpus of stable isotopic data from the literature (N _human = 3492; N _animal = 2919), we trace spatial and temporal shifts in staple crop use and livestock management. Isotopic evidence reveals marked regional variation in crop-livestock integration from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. During the Early and Middle Neolithic, isotopic evidence indicates pig husbandry based on the C₄-plant millet was primarily confined to the Middle Yellow River region, contrasting with an extensive pig management system in the West Liao River and Shandong regions predominantly based on C₃-plants. From ∼5.5 ka BP, millet agriculture and pig husbandry diffused into the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Hexi Corridor, and western Sichuan. Despite the rapid and widespread adoption of millet agriculture in these agriculturally marginal zones, the overall utilization of pigs and the exploitation of millet-based pig feeding practices remained restricted, especially during the Bronze Age. After 5 ka BP, the introduction of non-native domesticates—such as sheep, goats, cattle, wheat, and barley—gave rise to two distinct agropastoral trajectories between the core agricultural zones and peripheral regions of northern China. In the Middle Yellow River region, an intensive agricultural system based on millet cultivation and pig husbandry persisted, with cattle and sheep rapidly integrated into existing fodder regimes but remaining supplementary to the dominant economy. By contrast, the arid northwestern regions underwent a significant shift toward a mixed agropastoral economy centered on C₃ crops (e.g., wheat and barley) and ruminant livestock, particularly sheep/goat. These regional differences highlight how local ecologies and resource availability shaped flexible but regionally distinct trajectories of crop and livestock integration in prehistoric northern China.

本文考察了中国不同文化区域从新石器时代到汉初的生存方式变化。利用文献中的大量稳定同位素数据（N人= 3492；N动物= 2919），我们追踪了主要作物利用和牲畜管理的时空变化。同位素证据显示，从新石器时代到青铜时代，作物-牲畜融合的区域差异显著。在新石器时代早期和中期，同位素证据表明，以c4植物谷子为基础的养猪业主要局限于黄河中游地区，与以c3植物为主要基础的西辽河和山东地区广泛的养猪管理系统形成对比。从~ 5.5 ka BP开始，谷子农业和养猪业扩散到青藏高原东部、河西走廊和四川西部。尽管在这些农业边缘地区迅速而广泛地采用了谷子农业，但猪的总体利用和以谷子为基础的猪饲养方法的开发仍然受到限制，特别是在青铜时代。5 ka BP之后，非本地驯化动物（如绵羊、山羊、牛、小麦和大麦）的引入，在中国北方的核心农业区和外围地区之间形成了两条截然不同的农牧发展轨迹。在黄河中游地区，以谷子种植和养猪为基础的集约化农业体系持续存在，牛羊迅速融入现有的饲料体系，但仍是主导经济的补充。相比之下，干旱的西北地区经历了向以C3作物（如小麦和大麦）和反刍牲畜（特别是绵羊/山羊）为中心的混合农牧经济的重大转变。这些区域差异突出了当地生态和资源可获得性如何塑造了史前中国北方作物和牲畜整合的灵活但区域不同的轨迹。

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引用次数: 0

Asymmetric sensitivity of lake catchments to climate and land use change on the Monaro Tablelands, southeastern Australia: A multiproxy, multisite synthesis of postglacial lacustrine records 澳大利亚东南部Monaro高原湖泊集水区对气候和土地利用变化的不对称敏感性：冰川后湖泊记录的多代理、多地点综合

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109729

James Bakis , Dan Penny , Rebecca Hamilton , Quan Hua , Linda Barry , Patricia Gadd

Paleoenvironmental research in vulnerable high-elevation environments is skewed towards paleoecological analysis, biasing our understanding of broader systemic (i.e., both abiotic and biotic) environmental sensitivity. Moreover, paleorecords from mountains are overrepresented relative to adjacent highlands, which is problematic given the latter's greater agricultural value and thus more acute degradation. Here, we present a multiproxy, multisite assessment of regional paleoenvironmental change since 13,900 cal yr BP for the Monaro Tablelands of southeastern Australia, a highland terrain in the rain shadow of the Snowy Mountains. We find that, while regional hydrological change is effectively contemporaneous with temperature and hydroclimate, local dynamics appear to be equally influential on catchment moisture availability, implying only mild hydrological sensitivity to climate. Principal among these intrinsic controls is poor substrate permeability, which is responsible for a) late Holocene wetting signals despite climatic deterioration, and b) hysteresis in basin hydrology, whereby lakes and their ecological communities become increasingly resilient to moisture availability as permanence increases. Asymmetric sensitivity extends to catchment-scale rates of change, which observe a positive, albeit weak, correlation with drying over wetting. European-era rates of change are unprecedented for the entire study period, suggesting higher systemic sensitivity to land use than any major climatic perturbation since deglaciation. Continued biophysical deterioration is anticipated for the Monaro as land use impacts are augmented by projected warming, drying and increased rainfall variability across southeastern Australia, while changes in lake permanence are expected to be geographically bifurcated. These projections implicate adverse outcomes for endemic threatened ecological communities.

在脆弱的高海拔环境中，古环境研究倾向于古生态分析，使我们对更广泛的系统（即非生物和生物）环境敏感性的理解产生偏差。此外，相对于邻近的高地，来自山区的古记录被过多地代表，这是一个问题，因为后者具有更大的农业价值，因此更严重的退化。在这里，我们提出了一个多代理、多地点的区域古环境变化评估自13900 calyr BP以来，澳大利亚东南部的莫纳罗高原，雪山雨影的高原地形。我们发现，虽然区域水文变化与温度和水文气候是同步的，但局部动态对流域水分有效性似乎同样有影响，这意味着水文对气候只有轻微的敏感性。在这些内在控制因素中，主要是底层渗透性差，这导致了a)尽管气候恶化，但全新世晚期的湿润信号，以及b)盆地水文的滞后性，即随着持久性的增加，湖泊及其生态群落对水分可用性的适应能力越来越强。不对称敏感性扩展到流域尺度的变化率，观察到干燥比湿润呈正相关，尽管关联度较弱。在整个研究期间，欧洲时代的变化速度是前所未有的，这表明对土地利用的系统敏感性高于冰川消融以来的任何重大气候扰动。由于预计的变暖、干旱和澳大利亚东南部降雨变异性的增加，土地利用影响将会加剧，预计Monaro的生物物理状况将继续恶化，而湖泊持久性的变化预计将在地理上分岔。这些预测暗示了地方性受威胁生态群落的不利后果。

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引用次数: 0

Climate change and transformations of ancient civilization in the Chengdu Plain, Southwest China, during the mid-to-late Holocene 全新世中晚期成都平原气候变化与古文明变迁

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109743

Zhong-Lin Deng, Xin-Yan Li, Ting-Yong Li

The Chengdu Plain, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, represents the core area of the ancient Shu civilization. However, the coupling mechanisms between cultural transformations and climatic-environmental changes remain insufficiently understood. Owing to the absence of high-precision and high-resolution paleoclimate records from the Chengdu Plain, this study integrates speleothem, lake, and peat archives from the Sichuan Basin and its surroundings. By applying principal component analysis and multi-record comparisons, we reconstruct the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and associated regional hydroclimatic variability since 5.0 ka BP, and further examine the impacts of climatic change on the rise and fall of the ancient Shu civilization. Results indicate that the ASM has exhibited a long-term weakening trend since 5.0 ka BP, primarily driven by decreasing solar insolation, a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and intensified ENSO activity. A cold-dry climatic event around 5.0 ka BP may have forced prehistoric populations from the upper Minjiang River (Yingpanshan culture) to migrate into the Chengdu Plain, leading to the emergence of the Baodun culture. Subsequently, the ancient Shu people adapted to environmental changes by adjusting crop composition and settlement locations. The decline phases of the Baodun (4.5∼3.7 ka BP), Sanxingdui (3.7∼3.2 ka BP), and Jinsha–Shierqiao (3.2∼2.6 ka BP) cultures broadly coincide with periods of marked ASM weakening, increased climatic instability, and frequent flooding events, while seismic activities and warfare may have further accelerated the societal collapse. These findings suggest that the rise and fall of the ancient Shu civilization on the Chengdu Plain was jointly influenced by climatic variability, flood hazards, and sociopolitical conflicts. Future work should focus on developing high-resolution, multi-proxy paleoclimate records with robust chronological control in the Chengdu Plain and adjacent regions, to enhance our understanding of the coupling mechanisms between climate change and regional cultural transformations.

成都平原位于长江上游，是古蜀文明的核心区。然而，文化转型与气候环境变化之间的耦合机制仍未得到充分认识。由于成都平原缺乏高精度、高分辨率的古气候记录，本研究整合了四川盆地及周边地区的洞穴、湖泊和泥炭档案。通过主成分分析和多记录对比，重建了5.0 ka BP以来亚洲夏季风的演变及其相关的区域水文气候变率，并进一步探讨了气候变化对古蜀文明兴衰的影响。结果表明，自5.0 ka BP以来，由于太阳辐照量的减少、热带辐合带的南移和ENSO活动的加剧，南亚大陆带呈现出长期的减弱趋势。5.0 ka BP左右的干冷气候事件可能迫使岷江上游的史前人口（营盘山文化）迁移到成都平原，导致宝墩文化的出现。随后，古蜀人通过调整作物组成和定居地点来适应环境的变化。宝墩文化（4.5 ~ 3.7 ka BP）、三星堆文化（3.7 ~ 3.2 ka BP）和金沙-石尔桥文化（3.2 ~ 2.6 ka BP）的衰退期大致与ASM明显减弱、气候不稳定加剧和频繁洪水事件的时期一致，而地震活动和战争可能进一步加速了社会崩溃。这些发现表明，成都平原古蜀文明的兴衰受到气候变化、洪水灾害和社会政治冲突的共同影响。未来的工作应侧重于在成都平原及邻近地区建立高分辨率、多代理、具有可靠年代学控制的古气候记录，以加强对气候变化与区域文化变迁耦合机制的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Paleoenvironments of the late Middle Pleistocene Hualongdong, east-central China and their implications for the hominin evolution in eastern Asia 中国中东部华隆洞中更新世晚期古环境及其对东亚人族演化的意义

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109746

Jiao Ma , Hervé Bocherens , Haowen Tong , Shuwen Pei , Xiujie Wu , Wu Liu

The late Middle Pleistocene (300–129 ka) was pivotal for understanding how paleoenvironmental and climatic changes shaped hominin adaptations. Hualongdong (331–275 ka) yields key human fossils, stone tools, and abundant mammalian remains, enabling detailed paleoecological analysis. Carbon isotopic data from mammalian tooth enamel indicate a C₃ vegetation-dominated forest environment at Hualongdong. The isotopic composition of a large bovid indicates, however, the co-existence of year-round C₄ grasses. Bulk and serial isotopic results reveal a mosaic of dense forests and woodlands shaped by the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). Closed forests would have provided stable resources, while seasonally dynamic woodlands with localized C₄ vegetation would have supported favorable conditions for habitation and movement. Comparative analyses of Middle Pleistocene enamel stable isotopes across eastern Asia (including East and Southeast Asia) highlight distinct paleoenvironments in northern, east-central, southwestern China, as well as in Southeast Asia. Hualongdong in east-central China stands out as a mosaic of dense forests and open woodlands, distinct from the open woodlands of north China and the dense forests of southwestern China. The Hualongdong hominins exhibit a mosaic of derived and archaic traits, representing a significant morphological pattern in the late Middle Pleistocene of eastern Asia. Their successful occupation of this ecotonal landscape as revealed by our isotopic data, underscores the behavioral flexibility that characterized hominin evolution in this region.

中更新世晚期（300-129 ka）是了解古环境和气候变化如何影响人类适应的关键时期。华隆洞（331-275 ka）出土了重要的人类化石、石器和丰富的哺乳动物遗骸，为详细的古生态分析提供了条件。哺乳动物牙釉质碳同位素特征表明，华龙洞发育C3植被为主的森林环境。然而，大型牛科植物的同位素组成表明，全年存在C4草。整体和序列同位素结果揭示了东亚夏季风（EASM）形成的茂密森林和林地的马赛克。封闭森林将提供稳定的资源，而具有局部C4植被的季节性动态林地将为居住和移动提供有利条件。东亚地区（包括东亚和东南亚）中更新世珐琅稳定同位素对比分析突出了中国北部、中东部、西南部以及东南亚地区不同的古环境。华隆洞位于中国中东部，与华北的开阔林地和西南的茂密森林不同，它是茂密森林和开阔林地的马赛克。花龙洞人族具有派生与古人类特征的嵌合体，代表了东亚中更新世晚期的一种重要形态模式。我们的同位素数据显示，他们成功地占领了这片生态景观，强调了该地区人族进化的行为灵活性。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple Middle Paleolithic lithic traditions in the southern Levant during MIS 6-5 and cultural variability in arid environments: insights from the site of Besor Dyka, Negev Desert 在MIS 6-5期间，黎凡特南部多个旧石器时代中期的石器传统和干旱环境中的文化变异：来自内盖夫沙漠Besor Dyka遗址的见解

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109745

Maya Oron , Masha Krakovsky , Naomi Porat , Yoav Avni , Nimrod Wieler , Avner Ayalon , Tami Zilberman , Eli Cohen Sasson , Omry Barzilai

The middle phase of the Middle Paleolithic in the arid regions of the southern Levant is characterized by the presence of two distinct lithic traditions dominated by different reduction sequences: the centripetal Levallois and the Nubian Levallois. A new excavation at the site Besor Dyka uncovered well-preserved archaeological layers, dated by optically stimulated luminescence to late MIS 6–early MIS 5, making it the earliest known Middle Paleolithic occupation in the Negev Desert. Stable Isotope data from the site supports this chronology and suggests a correlation with one of the Negev Humid Periods. The lithic assemblage from the site is characterized by the dominance of the unidirectional convergent Levallois reduction strategy and the systematic production of triangular end-products. These traits, commonly associated with Late Middle Paleolithic sites in the southern Levant, differ from the contemporaneous MIS 6–5 centripetal Levallois and Nubian Levallois assemblages that are found in the Negev. The Besor Dyka lithics represents a third, previously unrecognized lithic tradition in the Negev during MIS 6–5. The results present new information on human adaptation to arid environments during the Middle Paleolithic and the possible influence of humid episodes on the movement of hunter gatherers between neighboring regions. The findings also emphasize that within the Middle Paleolithic of the southern Levant, the dominance of a specific Levallois strategy alone cannot reliably be used as a chronological marker.

黎凡特南部干旱地区中旧石器时代中期的特点是存在两种截然不同的石器传统，它们以不同的还原序列为主导：向心勒瓦卢瓦和努比亚勒瓦卢瓦。在Besor Dyka遗址的一次新挖掘发现了保存完好的考古层，通过光学刺激发光可以追溯到MIS 6晚期- MIS 5早期，使其成为内盖夫沙漠中已知最早的旧石器时代中期占领。来自该遗址的稳定同位素数据支持这一年代学，并表明它与内盖夫湿润期的一个时期有关。该遗址的岩石组合以单向收敛的Levallois还原策略和三角形最终产品的系统生产为特征。这些特征通常与黎凡特南部旧石器时代晚期中期遗址有关，与在内盖夫发现的同时期MIS 6-5向心勒瓦卢瓦和努比亚勒瓦卢瓦组合不同。Besor Dyka岩屑代表了在MIS 6-5期间内盖夫第三个以前未被认识到的岩屑传统。这些结果提供了关于旧石器时代中期人类对干旱环境的适应的新信息，以及潮湿时期对邻近地区之间狩猎采集者运动的可能影响。研究结果还强调，在黎凡特南部旧石器时代中期，一种特定的勒瓦卢瓦策略的统治地位不能单独作为一个可靠的年代标记。

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引用次数: 0

Reconstructing 3100 years of extreme coastal flooding events from Emau Island, Vanuatu 从瓦努阿图的Emau岛重建3100年来的极端沿海洪水事件

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109733

Yanan Li , Jeffrey P. Donnelly , Shu Gao , Jianhua Gao , James F. Bramante , Krishna K. Kotra

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are posing growing threat to coastal populations and property, thereby necessitating more millennial paleoclimatic reconstructions. This study presents a 3100-year record from Marou Lagoon, Emau Island, Vanuatu. Using coarse anomalies as the main proxy, 36 intense tropical cyclones are identified (∼1.2/century). Active TC phases occurred during 1550–1750 CE, 350–750 CE, and the 20th century, contrasting with a pre-Common Era quiescent period. Comparative analysis with five paleotempestological records across the tropical South Pacific reveals multidecadal-to-centennial TC variability is dominantly governed by ENSO-driven shifts in the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). La Niña-like periods cause southwestward SPCZ displacement and expansion, causing basin-wide enhanced cyclogenesis, while persistent strong El Niño conditions collapse the SPCZ into a zonal structure near French Polynesia, concentrating activity at eastern sites and suppressing western ones. Weak-to-moderate El Niño states exhibit stochastic dominance. Critically, sedimentological analysis reveals the most prominent event bed represents the cataclysmic Kuwae eruption in mid-15th. This deposit exhibits a five-stage sequence reflecting eruption progression, providing unprecedented resolution of eruption dynamics and tsunami impacts that surpass subaerial records. Typical diagnostic features of tsunami deposits (e.g., hummocky cross-stratification) are absent due to lagoon barrier/reef sheltering, and the heterogeneous density and shape of dominant pyroclastic materials (especially pumice) invalidate standard hydraulic grain-size models. This study demonstrates that sheltered lagoons preserve high-fidelity records of both extreme TCs and volcanogenic tsunamis. Such archives offer critical insights into regional climatic drivers and geohazard mechanisms but require environment-specific sedimentological frameworks, particularly where low-density pyroclastics dominate coarse fractions.

热带气旋（tc）对沿海人口和财产构成越来越大的威胁，因此需要更多的千年古气候重建。本研究展示了瓦努阿图Emau岛Marou泻湖3100年的记录。利用粗异常作为主要代理，确定了36个强热带气旋（~ 1.2个/世纪）。活跃期主要发生在公元1550 ~ 1750年、公元350 ~ 750年和20世纪，与公元前的静止期形成鲜明对比。与热带南太平洋5个古风暴记录的对比分析表明，南太平洋辐合带（SPCZ）的多年-百年变率主要受enso驱动的移动控制。La Niña-like期导致SPCZ向西南方向移动和扩张，导致整个盆地范围内的气旋形成增强，而持续的强El Niño条件使SPCZ在法属波利尼西亚附近坍塌成一个纬向结构，活动集中在东部，抑制西部。弱至中等El Niño状态表现出随机优势。重要的是，沉积学分析表明，最突出的事件层代表了15世纪中期Kuwae的灾难性喷发。该矿床呈现出反映火山喷发进程的五阶段序列，提供了前所未有的火山喷发动力学和海啸影响的分辨率，超过了陆地记录。海啸沉积物的典型诊断特征（如丘状交叉分层）由于泻湖屏障/珊瑚礁的遮蔽而缺失，主要火山碎屑物质（特别是浮石）的非均匀密度和形状使标准水力粒度模型失效。这项研究表明，隐蔽的泻湖保存了极端tc和火山海啸的高保真记录。这些档案提供了对区域气候驱动因素和地质灾害机制的重要见解，但需要特定于环境的沉积学框架，特别是在低密度火山碎屑占主导地位的粗馏分。

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引用次数: 0

Stable isotope dendroclimatology in Southern African Savannas 南部非洲稀树草原的稳定同位素树木气候学

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109730

M.E. Niemand , S.M. Woodborne , F.H. Neumann

Classical dendrochronology uses annually formed anatomical proxies such as tree-ring width to reconstruct environmental conditions. The scarcity of classical tree-ring studies coincides with the distribution of the Southern African Savannas, where tree adaptations limit its application. Savanna trees exhibit adaptive strategies to survive fire, herbivory, and frequent multi-season droughts that lead to indistinct growth-rings that are potentially not annually formed and therefore unsuitable as age or environmental proxies in palaeoclimate reconstructions. With some caveats, these shortcomings can be overcome. Stable isotope ratios, such as δ¹³C in radial growth increments, can serve as a proxy for environmental conditions in trees lacking annual rings. We present a 3-step framework for generating isotope dendroclimatology from such trees: (1) radiocarbon dating as an age indicator, (2) stable isotope ratios as an environmental proxy, and (3) instrumental climate data comparisons to test the environmental sensitivity of the isotope chronology. In a multi-tree chronology, the age models are key. The radiocarbon chronology acts as an initial constraint for the δ¹³C record for individual trees and using a parsimonious approach that presumes a common environmental signal between trees, each δ¹³C chronology becomes an a priory input into refining the individual age models within limits set by the radiocarbon precision to yield the master chronology. Establishing the sensitivity of δ¹³C proxy records to climate forcing adheres to the same requirements as classical dendrochronology. Although annual resolution is unattainable, reconstructions elucidating decadal to centennial-scale trends in regions with few long-lived trees nevertheless contribute to long-term climate trends.

经典的树木年代学使用每年形成的解剖学指标，如树木年轮宽度来重建环境条件。经典的树木年轮研究的缺乏与南部非洲稀树草原的分布一致，在那里树木的适应限制了它的应用。稀树草原树木表现出适应火灾、草食和频繁的多季干旱的策略，导致生长年轮不明显，可能不是每年形成的，因此不适合作为古气候重建的年龄或环境指标。尽管有一些注意事项，但这些缺点是可以克服的。径向生长增量δ13C等稳定同位素比值可以作为缺乏年轮的树木环境条件的代表。我们提出了从这些树木中生成同位素树木气候学的三步框架：(1)放射性碳定年作为年龄指标，(2)稳定同位素比率作为环境代理，(3)仪器气候数据比较以测试同位素年代学的环境敏感性。在多树年表中，年龄模型是关键。放射性碳年代学作为单个树木δ13C记录的初始约束，使用假设树木之间存在共同环境信号的简约方法，每个δ13C年代学成为在放射性碳精度设定的范围内精炼单个年龄模型的优先输入，从而产生主年代学。建立δ13C代用记录对气候强迫的敏感性符合经典树木年代学的要求。尽管年际分辨率无法实现，但在年际到百年尺度的树木很少的地区，重建结果阐明了年代际到百年尺度的趋势，但有助于长期气候趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Holocene vegetation dynamics and anthropogenic imprints in the Chinese Loess Plateau: Insights from pollen records 中国黄土高原全新世植被动态与人为印记：来自花粉记录的启示

IF 3.3 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109732

Zeyu Liu , Yajie Dong , Suping Peng , Anning Cui , Xian Li

Holocene vegetation dynamics in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are crucial for understanding East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) impacts on paleoenvironments and human societies. Technical limitations in pollen extraction and chronology have hindered comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal patterns and their driving mechanisms. Using an improved pollen extraction method, we analyzed pollen and charcoal from three loess-paleosol sections (Huanxian, Jingchuan, and Yaoxian) to reconstruct regional vegetation history and anthropogenic impacts. Our results demonstrate that steppe vegetation (dominated by Taraxacum, Artemisia, Aster, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, and Hippophae) prevailed throughout the Holocene, with significant increase in forest components during the mid-Holocene. A significant ecological transition occurred approximately 2.0 ka (corresponding to the Qin-Han period), marked by significant increases in charcoal (indicating fire activities), Hippophae (reflecting shrub colonization), and Brassicaceae (demonstrating agriculturalization), revealing systematic human modification of ecosystems. Spatial analysis shows this anthropogenic impact followed the regional climate gradient, appearing earlier and more intensely in the warmer/wetter southeast (Yaoxian) than in the arid northwest (Huanxian). We propose a dual-control framework where climate primarily governed biome-scale vegetation patterns, while human activities secondarily modified species composition and ecosystem structure at local scales during the late Holocene. These findings provide new insights into long-term human-environment interactions in semi-arid regions.

中国黄土高原全新世植被动态对了解东亚夏季风对古环境和人类社会的影响具有重要意义。花粉提取和年代学的技术限制阻碍了对时空格局及其驱动机制的全面理解。采用改良的花粉提取方法，对环县、靖川和姚县3个黄土-古土壤剖面的花粉和木炭进行了分析，重建了区域植被历史和人为影响。结果表明，整个全新世以草原科植物（Taraxacum, Artemisia, Aster, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Hippophae）为主，森林成分在全新世中期显著增加。大约2.0 ka（对应秦汉时期）发生了一次显著的生态转变，以木炭（表明火活动）、棘科（反映灌木殖民）和十字花科（表明农业化）的显著增加为标志，揭示了人类对生态系统的系统改造。空间分析表明，这种人为影响遵循区域气候梯度，东南偏暖湿润地区（耀县）比西北偏干旱地区（环县）出现得更早、更强烈。我们提出了一个双重控制框架，即在全新世晚期，气候主要控制生物群落尺度的植被格局，而人类活动次要改变局部尺度的物种组成和生态系统结构。这些发现为半干旱地区人类与环境的长期相互作用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0