Research in Sports Medicine最新文献

This research investigated the impact of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) on 2000-meter rowing ergometer performance and cognitive abilities. Nine trained male rowers from Iran's national team participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, undergoing three sessions with NZBC (600 mg∙day-1), placebo (PL), and control (CL) treatments over seven days, followed by a 14-day washout period. Participants completed a 2000-meter ergometer test provided self-reported ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and completed a cognitive function assessment five minutes following the rowing exercise. Findings indicated no significant ergogenic benefits from NZBC supplementation (420 ± 12 s) compared to PL (424 ± 15 s) and CL (423 ± 14 s), despite showing a minimal effect size (Cohen's d = 0.23). Six subjects had negligible enhancements in performance. No changes were seen in cognitive function or RPE (p > 0.05). A seven-day regimen of NZBC did not enhance rowing performance, cognitive function, or RPE.

We aimed to investigate the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) rehabilitation and return-to-sport (RTS) practices of Turkish physiotherapists. An online survey with 25 questions on ACL-R rehabilitation and RTS practices was created on Google Forms and distributed to physiotherapists via social media. Two-hundred sixty-four physiotherapists' responses were analysed. About 62.3% of therapists treated patients prior to ACL-R. Open-kinetic-chain (OKC) exercises frequently started at 4-6 weeks post-operatively (34.8%). Return-to-running cleared at 3-4 months (37%) and RTS cleared at 6-9 months (40.2%) mostly. Manual muscle tests were used by 58.4% of physiotherapists to evaluate knee strength before RTS. About 46.7% of physiotherapists did not assess psychological readiness for RTS. Physiotherapists with a bachelor's degree cleared patients for RTS earlier (<9 months) than those with postgraduate degrees (p = 0.001) but used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) more frequently (p = 0.010). Physiotherapists with over 5 years of experience used PROMs and psychological readiness scales more frequently (p = 0.035, p = 0.001) but also cleared patients for RTS earlier (p = 0.014). This study revealed that physiotherapist rehabilitation practices after ACL-R are not fully consistent with the current best evidence. This inconsistency in rehabilitation practices may lead to suboptimal patient outcomes after ACL-R. Encouraging physiotherapists to incorporate the latest evidence into practice might lead to better rehabilitation outcomes.

Methods: A total of 181 young male athletes were recruited and categorized according to sport specialization (soccer or athletics) and age categories (U15, U17 or U19). Isokinetic strength was measured as peak muscle torque (PT), normalized to body mass, for the knee extensors (PT_KE) and knee flexors (PT_KF) during concentric muscle contraction at three angular velocities (60^°s^-1. 180^°s^-1. 300^°s^-1). Vertical jump performance was measured during a countermovement jump with arms fixed (CMJ) and a squat jump (SJ).

Results: Significantly higher values of bilateral asymmetry (BA) of PT_KF for angular velocity 60°s^-1 and 180°s^-1 were found in the athletics group compared to the soccer group in the U17 category (14.40% to 16.02% vs 9.07% to 10.45%). Significantly higher values of BA for angular velocity 300°s^-1 for both PT_KE and PT_KF were found in the U15 compared to U19 category. Significantly higher values of H:Q ratio at all angular velocity except for the non-dominant leg in the highest angular velocity in soccer compared to the athletes in the U17 category were found. Soccer players exhibited significantly higher values of PT_KF compared to those in athletics and jump height in the U17 category.

Conclusion: Soccer players displayed increased isokinetic strength and more balanced BA compared to the athletics group. Physiotherapists and strength coaches should focus on younger age groups, especially U15, due to the higher incidence of BA and lower relative strength regardless of specialization.

This study aimed to evaluate the muscle activation ratio of hip and knee during hip-focused exercises. Eleven active university students performed 13 hip-focused exercises frequently used in the treatment of knee disorders. The average sEMG amplitude of tensor fasciae latae (TFL), gluteus medius (GMed), gluteus maximus (GMax), adductor longus (AL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and GMed/AL, GMax/AL, and VL/VM ratios were determined. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed to determine if there were differences in muscle activation while performing each of the 13 exercises. Sidelying clam-shell had the highest GMax/AL ratio of all the exercises examined. The hip hike exercise (5.36) had the highest GMed/AL ratio. The VL/VM ratio ranged from 0.77 to 1.16. Based on these results, sidelying clam-shell had the highest GMax/AL ratio. The hip hike exercise had a higher GMed/AL ratio compared to other hip-focused exercises. Additionally, forward lunge, squat, and single-leg squat with resistance band around the knee had the highest activity VL/VM ratio among exercises.

Relationship between ability to perform the deep squat test (DST) and floating toes among baseball players with disabled throwing shoulder/elbow was retrospectively investigated. Players performed the DST by fully squatting while having their arms crossed in front of their chest without lifting the heel off the floor or falling backwards. Floating toes were evaluated if all the toes were in contact with the mat or not. The relationship between ability to perform the DST and prevalence of floating toes was statistically analysed. Sixty-three players (69.2%) were unable to perform the DST. Floating toes were observed in 74 players (81.3%). Players with inability to perform the DST had significantly higher prevalence of floating toes (58 players, 92.1%), compared with those who were able to perform the test (16 players, 57.1%) (p < 0.001). Floating toes may relate with inability to perform the DST among baseball players with disabled throwing shoulder/elbow.

This study examined the effect of a 40-min nap (N40) the day after a night session of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST), before, during and after Ramadan. In a randomized crossover design, fifteen male soccer players completed the LIST in the evening (2100h), followed by either a N40 or no nap (N0) the next day, at 1400h. Performance on the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), digit cancellation test (DCT), and subjective measures (i.e., sleepiness, rating of perceived exertion, and muscle soreness) were assessed at 1700h. During Ramadan, 5mSRT and DCT performance decreased compared to before Ramadan in the N0 condition (p<0.05). However, N40 improved 5mSRT and DCT performance across all periods compared to N0 (p<0.05). In conclusion, a 40-min of nap opportunity is an effective strategy for improving physical and cognitive performance during and following Ramadan after a bout of exercise the previous night.    .

This retrospective study aimed to examine the incidence, types, and patterns of injuries and illnesses among female cricketers in the first-class cricket of Bangladesh between 2015 and 2021. The study was conducted with 250 female cricket players aged 14-28 who had experienced injuries. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that gathered information on injury type, frequency, recurrence, treatment methods, and post-injury performance. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between injury risk and key variables, including playing position (batter, bowler, or fielder), weekly workload (hours spent in training/competition), and injury context (occurring during matches or practice). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize injury patterns and recovery outcomes, while odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to identify significant predictors of injury risk. Of the participants, 75.2% experienced new injuries, while 24.8% reported chronic injuries. The most common injury sites were the knee/leg (24%) and shoulder (20%). Recurrence was high, with 56% experiencing 5-6 injury recurrences, and 68% reported multiple injuries over their careers. Physiotherapy was the primary treatment, used by 52% of participants, and 76% of players returned to competition post-injury. However, only 8% regained their pre-injury performance levels. Logistic regression revealed that bowlers had a significantly higher injury risk (OR = 2.12, p = 0.055), while high workloads (21+ hours/week) were also associated with increased injury risk (OR = 1.42, p = 0.112), though not statistically significant. The findings highlight the prevalence of injuries in female cricket, particularly in bowlers and those with high workloads. Physiotherapy was effective in promoting recovery, but a significant portion of athletes did not regain their pre-injury performance levels. Comprehensive injury prevention programs, tailored rehabilitation, and ongoing education on injury management are essential to mitigate risks and enhance player recovery.

Female Rugby Union players were affected by contact breast injuries (CBI) and exercise-induced breast pain (EIBP). Hundred and eighty-two female Rugby players from 25 different countries reported incurring a CBI or EIBP which affected sport performance. A higher percentage of 7s players (7s: 64.3%, 15s: 51.9%) reported at least one CBI over a 12-month period. EIBP frequency, during the same period, was notably low for 7s and 15s. Sprinting, jumping and running were the most frequent activities precipitating the severest EIBP. Being tackled or tackling most frequently caused a CBI. Respondents affected by either CBI (57.3%) or EIPB (51.3%) reported always playing-on during matches despite their pain or injury. Between 19.4% and 32.1% of the respondents did not have a CBI or EIBP prevention strategy. A paucity of player knowledge on prevention strategies was noted, indicating a need for education addressing breast pain and injury among players.

The best medical care for female football athletes should be evidence-based, and patient- and context-specific. A 2019 scoping review identified key knowledge gaps relating to the health of female footballers. Since then, research in women's football has been intensifying. To aid in the direction of future research, this study aims to scope peer-reviewed, illness-related research in women's football. Five databases were searched in July 2023. In combination with identified studies from the 2019 review, 72 studies were included for data extraction of sample characteristics (age, playing level, geography), illness characteristics according to IOC guidance, and broader research themes. Results reveal an overall lack of quantity and variety in illnesses investigated, with a growing popularity in mental health research. Minimal female athlete-specific illnesses were identified. Future research must address urgent female-specific illness topics, and also consider where knowledge from adjacent populations might be safe to adapt into women's football.

This study aimed to examine the effects of 6-week vibration (VFR) and non-vibration foam rolling (FR) on muscle strength, hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio, flexibility, and dynamic balance in soccer players. Thirty-six players were included in the study. The players were randomly assigned to either VFR (n=12), FR (n=12), or control group (CG) (n=12). The players in VFR and FR groups performed VFR or FR thrice per week for 6 weeks. The CG did not receive any intervention. Pre- and post-test assessment included muscle strength, H:Q ratio, flexibility, and dynamic balance. Dominant extremity knee flexor and non-dominant extremity knee flexor and extensor muscle strength improved in VFR and FR groups (p<0.05). Flexibility and dynamic balance improved in VFR group (p<0.05). Both 6-week VFR and FR increased muscle strength without affecting H:Q ratio. VFR was more effective than FR for improving flexibility and dynamic balance. The results can be stunning for performance enhancement.