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Ocular Nanosuspension a Novel Approach – Review 眼用纳米悬浮液:一种新方法综述
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00008
Snehal A Kurhe, K. Katkar, Anuja Bakkam, Simran Mokal, A. Mane, Ashish Jain
Effective ocular medication administration is still a difficulty for pharmaceutical scientists in the current drug delivery situation, despite various scientific endeavours. In the ocular drug delivery system, several topical medication applications in the form of solutions, suspensions, and ointments are used to treat eye infections. As a result of several anatomical and pathophysiological barriers present in the eye, many conventional dose forms have issues with poor ocular bioavailability due to short ocular residence times. Many recent available medications have weak solubility, which causes key challenges during formulation and exhibits poor bioavailability. The issue is significantly more complicated for medications that fall under BCS Class II. Nanotechnology is utilised to increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble medications in order to solve these issues. This review provides an insight into an overview of ocular challenges to anterior section delivery and strategies for removing these obstacles using nanocarrier technology. In addition to addressing the issues of poor solubility and bioavailability, nanosuppension also impacts the pharmacokinetics of the drug, enhancing its efficacy and safety.
在目前的药物输送情况下,尽管各种科学努力,有效的眼部给药仍然是药理学家的一个难题。在眼部药物输送系统中,一些局部药物以溶液、悬浮液和软膏的形式应用于治疗眼部感染。由于眼睛中存在一些解剖和病理生理障碍,许多传统剂量形式由于眼部停留时间短而存在眼生物利用度差的问题。许多最近可用的药物具有弱溶解度,这在制定过程中造成了关键挑战,并表现出较差的生物利用度。对于属于BCS II类的药物,这个问题要复杂得多。纳米技术被用于提高难溶性药物的溶解度和生物利用度,以解决这些问题。这篇综述提供了对前切面分娩的眼部挑战的概述和使用纳米载体技术消除这些障碍的策略。除了解决溶解度和生物利用度差的问题外,纳米混悬液还可以影响药物的药代动力学,提高药物的有效性和安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Phytosomes as Drug Delivery Systems and its Past Decade Trials 新型磷脂体作为药物传递系统及其过去十年的试验
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00009
Aladin Khalaf Alla Elhaj Eltahir, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, C. Haranath, Bake Meharajunnisa, Siriguppa Dheeraj, Badiginchala Navya Sai
The present afford is to express phytosomes as a tool for aqueous and non-aqueous drug permeation. Phytosomes are prepared by conventional dynamic plant constituents like phospholipid (PL). Phytosomes build the interest of traditionalists in homegrown concentrates, in any case, energetic standards both orally and topically. Extensive literature from reputed journals was gathered and listed various drugs so far tried in the past decade. The phytosomes are capable of being used to induce acute and chronic liver failure due to enhanced pharmacological and pharmacokinetic assets. Phytosomes have successfully entered the market and are not well known as they are in the patent lock period. The study concludes that phytosomes are promising dosage forms for the delivery of plant extracts, which consist of both polar and non-polar constituents.
目前的目的是表达磷脂小体作为水和非水药物渗透的工具。磷脂体是由磷脂等传统的动态植物成分制备的。磷脂体建立了传统主义者对本土浓缩物的兴趣,在任何情况下,口服和局部的能量标准。从知名期刊上收集了大量文献,列出了过去十年中迄今为止试验过的各种药物。由于增强的药理学和药代动力学资产,磷脂质体能够用于诱导急性和慢性肝衰竭。磷脂质体已成功进入市场,但由于处于专利锁定期,知名度不高。该研究表明,植物提取物包括极性和非极性成分,磷脂体是一种很有前途的给药形式。
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引用次数: 0
A Recent Advantage on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System: An Overview 胃保留性给药系统的最新优势:综述
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00007
K. Patel, Rajendra Chouksey
In recent years, gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gained researcher’s interest in the field of oral drug delivery. Various GRDDS approaches can be utilized to retain the dosage forms in the stomach and to release the drug slowly for an extended period of time. GRDDS can be used to prolong the residence time of delivery system in the stomach. This results in targeting of drug release at a specific site for the systemic or local effects. GRDDS can be used to overcome challenges associated with conventional oral dosage forms and to release the drug at a specific absorption site to improve bioavailability of particular drug substance. The challenges include fast gastric emptying of the dosage form which results in the poor bioavailability of the drug. Prolongation of the retention of drugs in stomach those having low solubility at high intestinal pH improves the solubility of drugs. GRDDS has proved to be effective in systemic actions as well as in local actions to treat gastric or duodenal ulcers. Local activity in the upper part of the small intestine can be obtained by improving the residence time of delivery system in the stomach. The system is useful for drugs which are unstable in the intestine or having a low solubility/permeability in the small intestine. Various GRDDS approaches include high density (sinking) systems, low-density (floating systems), muco-adhesive, expandable, unfold able, super porous hydrogel systems, and magnetic systems.
近年来,胃保留性给药系统(GRDDS)在口服给药领域引起了研究人员的兴趣。各种GRDDS方法可用于在胃中保留剂型并在较长时间内缓慢释放药物。GRDDS可延长给药系统在胃中的停留时间。这导致靶向药物释放在一个特定的部位为全身或局部的影响。GRDDS可用于克服与传统口服剂型相关的挑战,并在特定吸收部位释放药物,以提高特定药物的生物利用度。挑战包括剂型胃排空快,导致药物的生物利用度差。在高肠道pH下,低溶解度的药物在胃中的滞留时间延长,提高了药物的溶解度。GRDDS已被证明在治疗胃或十二指肠溃疡的全身作用和局部作用上都有效。通过延长给药系统在胃中的停留时间,可以获得小肠上部的局部活性。该系统适用于在肠道中不稳定或在小肠中溶解度/渗透性低的药物。各种GRDDS方法包括高密度(下沉)体系、低密度(漂浮)体系、粘接、可膨胀、可展开、超多孔水凝胶体系和磁性体系。
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引用次数: 0
A Short Review on Misuse of Over-the-Counter Drugs 浅谈非处方药的滥用
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00012
Dhananjay D. Chaudhari, Darshana M. Boarse, Paresh A. Patil, Neha R. Jaiswal
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can help people manage their symptoms on their own. However, addiction and harm are increasingly recognized, and some OTC medications can be used. This review describes the current knowledge and understanding of OTC drug abuse. Practicing self-care and self-healing is an important part of a health care regimen System. Using over-the-counter (OTC) medications is part of the self-medication process. The popularity of OTC medications among patients may increase OTC abuse Drug. Because it is available as a prescription drug, it is often the first choice for patients and has the potential to educate and advise patients on OTCs. Drug use. The presence of a pharmacist ensures the safe and effective use of OTC drugs. Pharmacists may interact with other health professionals in managing self-care practices Patients. However, pharmacists are not usually employed in this role. This article provides A brief overview of OTC drugs with abuse potential and the impact of self-medication on OTC Drug. This review further explains the challenges faced by pharmacists in managing the use of OTC medications, given the new potential for OTC-prescription diversion. Year. In addition, the drug’s potential to improve the patient’s pharmacology Interactions are discussed. Current reviews support the positive role played by pharmacists Management of OTC drug abuse. This review contributes to the knowledge base of barriers Confronts the pharmacy to prevent the use of OTC drugs by developing appropriate intervention strategies.
非处方药(OTC)可以帮助人们自己控制症状。然而,成瘾和危害越来越被认识到,一些非处方药可以使用。这篇综述描述了目前对非处方药滥用的认识和理解。自我护理和自我治疗是健康护理体系的重要组成部分。使用非处方(OTC)药物是自我治疗过程的一部分。非处方药在患者中的普及可能会增加非处方药的滥用。由于它是一种处方药,它通常是患者的首选,并有可能对患者进行非处方药的教育和建议。吸毒。药剂师的在场确保了非处方药的安全有效使用。药剂师可以与其他卫生专业人员在管理自我保健实践患者。然而,药剂师通常不从事这一工作。本文简要介绍了可能被滥用的非处方药以及自我药疗对非处方药的影响。这篇综述进一步解释了药剂师在管理OTC药物使用方面面临的挑战,考虑到OTC处方转移的新潜力。的一年。此外,药物的潜力,以改善病人的药理学相互作用进行了讨论。目前的综述支持药师在非处方药滥用管理中发挥的积极作用。这篇综述有助于了解药房通过制定适当的干预策略来预防非处方药使用所面临的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Studies Leading to Phyto and Physico-chemical Evaluation of an important Polypharmaceutical preparation (Syrup) "Sharbat Toot Siyah"- A Drug of Choice 一种重要的多药制剂(糖浆)的植物性和理化评价研究"Sharbat Toot Siyah"-一种选择的毒品
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00003
Akhlaq Mustafa, Umar Hussain, Anas Iqbal Alvi, G. Javed, Asim Ali Khan
Unani system of medicines classifies its formulation into several classes e. g. Huboob, Sufoof, Qurs, Sufoofs, Majoon, Arq, Roughan, Kushta etc. Among the various dosage forms of Unani system of medicine Sharbat Toot Siyah is one of the renowned formulations whichis widely used for the number of ailments e.g. Pharyngeal pain and sore throat. The drug Sharbat Toot Siyah was in-house manufactured in three batches of different volumes of 500, 600 and 700ml following the SOP guidelines and underwent for the evaluation of secondary metabolite constituents Profile with Physico-chemical Standardization of this important poly-herbal formulation. The present work contributes to the development of standardization parameters of herbal drugs used in Indian system of medicine like morphological properties, viscosity, pH values, ash values, extractive values, alcohol soluble matter, specific gravity at 25ºC, refractive index, sugar quantity e. g. total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar, qualitative and quantitative inorganic elements, phyto-constituents and thin layer chromatography. In preliminary phytochemical investigation, analysis showed the presence of organic constituent’s amino acids, tannins, phyto-sterols, flavanoids and glycosides in the extract while in the elemental analysis, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous etc. were found to be present. The study also includes quality control parameters e. g. aflatoxins, microbial load, pesticide residue and detection of heavy metals which are helpful to ensure the purity, safety and efficacy of herbal formulation. The results so obtained for the various Physico-chemical tests may be taken as standard values for future reference.
Unani药物系统将其配方分为几类,例如Huboob, Sufoof, quurs, Sufoofs, Majoon, Arq, Roughan, Kushta等。在乌纳尼医学系统的各种剂型中,Sharbat Toot Siyah是一种著名的配方,广泛用于许多疾病,如咽部疼痛和喉咙痛。按照标准操作程序(SOP)的指导方针,分500ml、600ml和700ml三个批次进行了药物Sharbat Toot Siyah的内部生产,并对这一重要的多草药配方进行了次级代谢物成分的评估和理化标准化。目前的工作有助于印度医学系统中使用的草药的标准化参数的发展,如形态特性、粘度、pH值、灰分值、萃取值、醇溶物、25ºC下的比重、折射率、糖量(如总糖、还原糖和非还原糖)、定性和定量无机元素、植物成分和薄层色谱。初步的植物化学分析表明,提取物中存在有机成分氨基酸、单宁、植物甾醇、类黄酮和苷类,元素分析中发现存在钙、镁、磷等。并对黄曲霉毒素、微生物负荷、农药残留、重金属检测等质量控制参数进行了研究,以保证中药制剂的纯度、安全性和有效性。各种理化试验的结果可作为标准值,供今后参考。
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引用次数: 0
Favipiravir: An Antiviral Drug 法匹拉韦:一种抗病毒药物
Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2022.00041
Ganesh R. Bharskar, Pratik Malvade
Favipiravir is an antiviral drug that has been shown to treat a variety of life-threatening infections, including Ebola, Lassa, and the COVID-19 virus. It's a pyrazine carboxamide derivative with antiviral action that targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes, which are required for viral genome transcription and replication. Favipiravir is an antiviral previously indicated for influenza and Ebola, which has shown some promise in early trials for treatment of COVID-19. The nucleoside analogue favipiravir is rapidly metabolized in host cells which disrupts viral synthesis and leads to mutagenesis The mechanism of action of the Favipiravir and Side effects like QTc prolongation or teratogenicity pose risk to extensive community application discusses in this review. In this article, we have tried to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review of this drug about synthesis, Pharmacology, Mechanism of Action, Antiviral activity, Consequences.
法匹拉韦是一种抗病毒药物,已被证明可以治疗多种危及生命的感染,包括埃博拉病毒、拉沙病毒和COVID-19病毒。它是一种具有抗病毒作用的吡嗪甲酰胺衍生物,靶向依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶,这是病毒基因组转录和复制所必需的。Favipiravir是一种抗病毒药物,以前用于治疗流感和埃博拉病毒,在治疗COVID-19的早期试验中显示出一定的希望。核苷类似物favipiravir在宿主细胞中迅速代谢,破坏病毒合成并导致突变。favipiravir的作用机制和QTc延长或致畸等副作用对其广泛的社区应用构成了威胁。在本文中,我们试图提供一个全面的,以证据为基础的综述该药物的合成,药理学,作用机制,抗病毒活性,后果。
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引用次数: 0
A Review on Phytochemical Investigation of Gymnema sylvestre Leaves 匙羹藤叶植物化学研究进展
Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2022.00042
Sejal M. Karwa, Dattaprasad N. Vikhe, Ravindra S. Jadhav
Gymnema sylvestre is a plant included in Apocynaceae family and is located in many regions of Asia, Africa and Australia. It is known to have blood glucose lowering potential and, thus, is widely used in traditional and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. A scrutiny of literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory. The phytoconstituents responsible for sweet suppression activity includes triterpene saponins known as gymnemic acids, gymnemasaponins, and a polypeptide, gurmarin. Efforts have been made to prepare gudmar dried extract. These extracts were subjected for preliminary qualitative analysis, quantitative estimation of terpenoides, alkaloids and various other compounds. The present review is an attempt to highlight the phytochemical screening as well as its extraction process. Also chromatographic studies gave the presence of different compounds which can be used in creating monograph for this species.
匙羹藤(Gymnema sylvestre)是夹竹桃科的一种植物,分布在亚洲、非洲和澳大利亚的许多地区。众所周知,它具有降低血糖的潜力,因此被广泛用于传统和阿育吠陀医学系统。通过查阅文献,发现该植物具有抗糖尿病、抗肥胖、降血脂、抗菌、清除自由基和抗炎等药理作用。负责抑制甜味活性的植物成分包括三萜皂苷,称为裸子酸,裸子皂苷和一种多肽,gurmarin。研究了枸杞干提取物的制备方法。对这些提取物进行了初步的定性分析,并对萜类化合物、生物碱和其他化合物进行了定量评价。本文就植物化学筛选及其提取工艺作一综述。此外,色谱研究给出了不同化合物的存在,这些化合物可用于创建该物种的各论。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Zinc Gluconate Vitamin C Effervescent Tablet for Immunity Improvement and Management of COVID-19 葡萄糖酸锌维生素C泡腾片提高COVID-19免疫功能及防治的研制
Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2022.00049
Bagul Mahesh B., Surawase Rajendra K.
This look at aimed to increase the system of effervescent tablet containing zinc Gluconate and Ascorbic acid (vit c) combination to increase immunity and likely through reducing viral load and improving immunity of the patients. In this examine the formula turned into calculated exactly and then prepared by way of two distinct srtategies for compression and assessment. The flowability of powder and grannules turned into investigated effervescent tablet were produced by way of direct compression and wet granulation approach. The produced tablet have been then evaluated for appropriate hardness, friability ˂1%, effervescent time ˂ 3 minutes, solution PH ˂6, water content ˂ 0.5% and most beneficial content uniformity. The powder aggregate prepared for the direct compression technique had acceptable flowability however required a excessive compression force. Flowability and different physicochemical properties of this powder. Including compressibility and hardness have been progressed with the aid of granulation. The result of effervescent tablet produced by way of the moist granulation technique, which incorporate a higher percent of granulated content material have been higher than other method. The PVP-K30 binder solution is suitable to produced bubbling granules which are compressed into tablet, because of improvement in flowability and compactibility.
本研究旨在增加含有葡萄糖酸锌和抗坏血酸(维生素c)的泡腾片的系统,以提高免疫力,可能通过降低病毒载量和提高患者的免疫力。在这个研究中,公式变成了精确计算,然后通过压缩和评估两种不同的策略来准备。采用直接压缩法和湿造粒法制备泡腾片,考察了粉末和颗粒的流动性。然后对所生产的片剂进行硬度、脆度小于1%、起泡时间小于3分钟、溶液PH值小于6、含水量小于0.5%和最有益的含量均匀性的评估。采用直接压缩技术制备的粉末骨料具有良好的流动性,但需要过大的压缩力。粉末的流动性和不同的物理化学性质。在造粒的帮助下,包括压缩性和硬度都得到了提高。湿造粒法泡腾片的造粒率比其他方法高。PVP-K30粘结剂溶液由于流动性和压实性的改善,适用于生产鼓泡颗粒压缩成片剂。
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引用次数: 2
Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Taste Masked Oro-dispersible Tablet of Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride by Ion Exchange Resin 离子交换树脂对盐酸左西曲嗪消味分散片的配方优化及评价
Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2022.00045
Patil Swati P, Pati Ashwini V, B. M. M., Barhate S. D., M. Nasir
The aim of this study was to prepare ODT of taste masked levocetrizine dihydrochloride by using ion exchange resin. Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride is bitter in taste, Kyron T-134 a weak cationic exchange resin was used to mask the bitter taste of the drug. The ODTs were prepared by using drug-resin (DRC) complex using batch process. Compression of ODTs was done by using direct compression method with the technique of addition of superdisintegrants. Central composite design (CCD) was applied as an optimization technique. FTIR and DSC studies indicated drug and excipients were compatible with each other. The prepared orodispersible tablet blend and tablets were evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. The Batch LH3 was given as optimized batch by central composite design. This optimized batch LH3 was passed all the pre-compression and post- compression parameters. The prepared ODTS showed successfully rapid onset of action with decrease in disintegration time 26 sec and %drug released was found to be 98.26%. It was concluded that levocetrizine dihydrochloride ODTs were prepared successfully by taste masking method using Kyron T-134 ion exchange resin and croscarmellose sodium as Superdisintegrant using CCD. AS per CDER guidelines, it shows DT within 5-30 sec.
本研究采用离子交换树脂制备盐酸左西曲嗪消味剂。盐酸左西曲嗪味苦,用弱阳离子交换树脂Kyron T-134掩盖药的苦味。以药物-树脂(DRC)配合物为原料,采用间歇法制备了odt。采用添加超崩解剂的直接压缩法对ODTs进行压缩。采用中心复合设计(CCD)作为优化技术。FTIR和DSC研究表明,药物和辅料相互配伍。对制备的分散片共混物和片剂进行了各种压缩前和压缩后参数的评价。通过中心复合设计,确定了LH3批次为优化批次。优化后的批次LH3通过了压缩前和压缩后的所有参数。该制剂起效快,崩解时间缩短26秒,释药率为98.26%。结果表明,以Kyron T-134离子交换树脂和交联棉糖钠为超崩解剂,采用CCD技术成功制备了盐酸左西崔嗪ODTs。根据CDER指南,它在5-30秒内显示DT。
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引用次数: 0
Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drug by using different Techniques 不同技术提高难溶性药物的溶解度
Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2022.00052
Supriya Vinod Pote, Kedar Bavaskar, Ashish Jain
Solubility is the process of a solid dissolving in a liquid phase, resulting in a homogeneous system. Solubility is a crucial characteristic for achieving the appropriate drug concentration in the systemic circulation and demonstrating pharmacological response. Drugs that are poorly water soluble require substantial dosages to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations following oral administration. Low aqueous solubility is a major issue in the development of novel chemical entities' formulations. Any medicine that needs to be absorbed must be in the form of an aqueous solution at the absorption site. For liquid medicinal compositions, water is the preferred solvent. The majority of medications are weakly acidic and basic, with low water solubility. Micronization, chemical modification, pH adjustment, solid dispersion, complexation, cosolvency, micellar solubilization, hydrotropy, and other procedures are used to increase the solubility of weakly water-soluble pharmaceuticals. The goal of this review paper is to present solubilization approaches for achieving optimal absorption and increased bioavailability.
溶解度是固体在液相中溶解,形成均匀体系的过程。溶解度是在体循环中达到适当药物浓度和显示药理学反应的关键特征。水溶性差的药物在口服后需要大量剂量才能达到治疗血浆浓度。低水溶性是开发新型化学实体配方的一个主要问题。任何需要被吸收的药物必须在吸收部位以水溶液的形式存在。对于液体药物组合物,水是首选溶剂。大多数药物呈弱酸性和弱碱性,水溶性低。微粉化、化学改性、pH调节、固体分散、络合、共溶、胶束增溶、亲水和其他方法用于增加弱水溶性药物的溶解度。本文的目的是介绍实现最佳吸收和提高生物利用度的增溶方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology
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