Tamás Varga, Dóra Szejke, Zoltán Nemes, A J Timothy Jull, Mihály Molnár
ABSTRACT Biobased content analysis is a well-established, analytically independent, standardized method to determine the biobased content of fuels and plastics, based on differences of the specific radiocarbon ( 14 C) activity of fossil and recent biogenic compounds. This biogenic content analysis can be useful for the producers as a quality assurance tool, for the customers as feedback about the truly biobased products and for the control organizations as an independent analytical tool to prove the biological origin. More than 100 commercially available foods, cosmetics, and drug samples have been used for biobased carbon content analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C measurement to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Our results show that this measurement technique is a unique tool for the determination of biocontent in foodstuff and medical products. Most of the tested materials were nearly or completely biobased (≥ 98 pMC), and no completely fossil-based final product was detected. The lowest biogenic compound was measured in a vanilla aroma flavor. In 45 of the 102 samples selected a wide range (2–98%) presented fossil-based carbon content. The method can be applied for monitoring raw materials and final products for biobased content in the industry and consumer protection as well.
{"title":"THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGENIC FRACTION ANALYSIS BY RADIOCARBON IN FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS","authors":"Tamás Varga, Dóra Szejke, Zoltán Nemes, A J Timothy Jull, Mihály Molnár","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.98","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biobased content analysis is a well-established, analytically independent, standardized method to determine the biobased content of fuels and plastics, based on differences of the specific radiocarbon ( 14 C) activity of fossil and recent biogenic compounds. This biogenic content analysis can be useful for the producers as a quality assurance tool, for the customers as feedback about the truly biobased products and for the control organizations as an independent analytical tool to prove the biological origin. More than 100 commercially available foods, cosmetics, and drug samples have been used for biobased carbon content analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C measurement to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Our results show that this measurement technique is a unique tool for the determination of biocontent in foodstuff and medical products. Most of the tested materials were nearly or completely biobased (≥ 98 pMC), and no completely fossil-based final product was detected. The lowest biogenic compound was measured in a vanilla aroma flavor. In 45 of the 102 samples selected a wide range (2–98%) presented fossil-based carbon content. The method can be applied for monitoring raw materials and final products for biobased content in the industry and consumer protection as well.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT In this study, the temporal accession date of king Pepy II is modeled by using a series of 14 C dates based on samples from the burial of Djau at Deir el-Gebrawi in Middle Egypt. Djau was one of Pepy II’s officials—overseer of Upper Egypt and nomarch of the 8th and 12th provinces. Five samples of Djau’s wrapping as well as his wooden coffin were analyzed. ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy) analyses were carried out on textile samples to ensure they were not contaminated by organic chemicals due to the embalming process, prior to being dated using the conventional radiocarbon method at the IFAO Laboratory (Cairo). Based on archaeological evidence, the temporal density associated with Djau’s death is then used as a chronological marker for the death date of king Pepy II. Taking into account the possibility of either biennial, annual or irregular censuses to assess the duration of his reign, the accession date of Pepy II is thus modeled using OxCal software. The results place king Pepy II’s accession date between 2492 to 2256 BCE with 95.4% probability, and between 2422 to 2297 BCE with 68.3%.
{"title":"DATING THE END OF THE EGYPTIAN OLD KINGDOM: NEW CONTEXTUALIZED DATES FROM THE REIGN OF KING PEPY II","authors":"Anita Quiles, Karin Sowada, Naguib Kanawati","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.94","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the temporal accession date of king Pepy II is modeled by using a series of 14 C dates based on samples from the burial of Djau at Deir el-Gebrawi in Middle Egypt. Djau was one of Pepy II’s officials—overseer of Upper Egypt and nomarch of the 8th and 12th provinces. Five samples of Djau’s wrapping as well as his wooden coffin were analyzed. ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy) analyses were carried out on textile samples to ensure they were not contaminated by organic chemicals due to the embalming process, prior to being dated using the conventional radiocarbon method at the IFAO Laboratory (Cairo). Based on archaeological evidence, the temporal density associated with Djau’s death is then used as a chronological marker for the death date of king Pepy II. Taking into account the possibility of either biennial, annual or irregular censuses to assess the duration of his reign, the accession date of Pepy II is thus modeled using OxCal software. The results place king Pepy II’s accession date between 2492 to 2256 BCE with 95.4% probability, and between 2422 to 2297 BCE with 68.3%.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia L Fall, Elizabeth Ridder, Suzanne E Pilaar Birch, Steven E Falconer
ABSTRACT Analysis of 20 calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) ages reveals a chronology for the habitation of a unique peripheral settlement at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 (ZAD 1), Jordan during the Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Levant. Bayesian modeling distinguishes three phases of occupation between the first settlement at ZAD 1, perhaps as early as about 2050 cal BCE, and its abandonment by 1700 cal BCE. ZAD 1 represents a marginal community, both environmentally and culturally, on the hyperarid Dead Sea Plain, and exemplifies the peripheral settlements that are envisioned as important elements of Bronze Age Levantine society. Most importantly for this study, it is the only peripheral site in the Southern Levant that provides a Bayesian model for its habitation during the growth of Middle Bronze Age urbanized society. The timing of ZAD 1’s constituent phases, early in Middle Bronze I, across the Middle Bronze I/II transition and in Middle Bronze II, correspond well with emerging chronologies for the Middle Bronze Age, thereby contributing to an ongoing reassessment of regional social and settlement dynamics.
{"title":"BAYESIAN MODELING OF A PERIPHERAL MIDDLE BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT AT ZAHRAT ADH-DHRA‘ 1, JORDAN","authors":"Patricia L Fall, Elizabeth Ridder, Suzanne E Pilaar Birch, Steven E Falconer","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.99","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Analysis of 20 calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) ages reveals a chronology for the habitation of a unique peripheral settlement at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 (ZAD 1), Jordan during the Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Levant. Bayesian modeling distinguishes three phases of occupation between the first settlement at ZAD 1, perhaps as early as about 2050 cal BCE, and its abandonment by 1700 cal BCE. ZAD 1 represents a marginal community, both environmentally and culturally, on the hyperarid Dead Sea Plain, and exemplifies the peripheral settlements that are envisioned as important elements of Bronze Age Levantine society. Most importantly for this study, it is the only peripheral site in the Southern Levant that provides a Bayesian model for its habitation during the growth of Middle Bronze Age urbanized society. The timing of ZAD 1’s constituent phases, early in Middle Bronze I, across the Middle Bronze I/II transition and in Middle Bronze II, correspond well with emerging chronologies for the Middle Bronze Age, thereby contributing to an ongoing reassessment of regional social and settlement dynamics.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This commentary aims at raising awareness and fostering a discussion on the need of a new approach to the radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of historic mortars. Over the last decades, important advancements have been made in the application of the 14 C dating methods to lime mortar samples, including the use of lime lumps instead of generic pieces of mortar. However, a relevant number of results in disagreement with the chronological framework of the related archaeological cases are published every year without a clear understanding of the reasons for such results. This suggests that further developments to the methodology are needed. The commentary argues that to further develop this particular application of the 14 C dating method, a new, more holistic approach is needed that moves away from the very “applied” approach that dominated the last decades and focuses more on the causes of contamination and the mechanism of the reactions involved. Two actions are suggested that can immediately improve our ability to critically assess the results obtained: the publication of a chemical and mineralogical characterization of the binding fraction for the dated mortars, and the publication of sampling depth for each dated sample.
{"title":"THE NEED FOR A NEW APPROACH TO THE RADIOCARBON DATING OF HISTORIC MORTARS","authors":"Giovanni Pesce","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.92","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This commentary aims at raising awareness and fostering a discussion on the need of a new approach to the radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of historic mortars. Over the last decades, important advancements have been made in the application of the 14 C dating methods to lime mortar samples, including the use of lime lumps instead of generic pieces of mortar. However, a relevant number of results in disagreement with the chronological framework of the related archaeological cases are published every year without a clear understanding of the reasons for such results. This suggests that further developments to the methodology are needed. The commentary argues that to further develop this particular application of the 14 C dating method, a new, more holistic approach is needed that moves away from the very “applied” approach that dominated the last decades and focuses more on the causes of contamination and the mechanism of the reactions involved. Two actions are suggested that can immediately improve our ability to critically assess the results obtained: the publication of a chemical and mineralogical characterization of the binding fraction for the dated mortars, and the publication of sampling depth for each dated sample.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean Ulm, Damien O’Grady, Fiona Petchey, Quan Hua, Geraldine Jacobsen, Lauren Linnenlucke, Bruno David, Daniel Rosendahl, Magdalena M E Bunbury, Michael I Bird, Paula J Reimer
ABSTRACT Studies of pre-bomb mollusks live-collected around the Australian coastline have concluded that near-shore marine radiocarbon reservoir effects are small and relatively uniform. These studies are based on limited samples of sometimes dubious quality representing only selective parts of Australia’s lengthy coastline. We systematically examine spatial variability in the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) through analysis of 292 live-collected mollusk samples across the Australian mainland coasts and near-shore islands subject to strict selection criteria. This study presents 233 new ΔR values combined with an evaluation of 59 previously published values. Results demonstrate significant spatial variability in marine radiocarbon reservoir effects across the study region. ΔR values range from 68 ± 24 14 C years off the Pilbara region of Western Australia to –337 ± 46 14 C years in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland. Most sets of local values exhibit internal consistency, reflecting the dominant influence of regional oceanography, including depletion in ΔR values southwards along the eastern Australian coastline coincident with the East Australian Current. Anomalous values are attributed to inaccurate documentation, species-specific relationships with the carbon cycle and/or short-term fluctuations in marine radiocarbon activities. To account for the heterogeneous distribution of marine 14 C, we recommend using a location specific ΔR value calculated using the Australian ΔR Calculator, available at: https://delta-r-calc.jcu.io/ .
{"title":"AUSTRALIAN MARINE RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR EFFECTS: ΔR ATLAS AND ΔR CALCULATOR FOR AUSTRALIAN MAINLAND COASTS AND NEAR-SHORE ISLANDS","authors":"Sean Ulm, Damien O’Grady, Fiona Petchey, Quan Hua, Geraldine Jacobsen, Lauren Linnenlucke, Bruno David, Daniel Rosendahl, Magdalena M E Bunbury, Michael I Bird, Paula J Reimer","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.95","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies of pre-bomb mollusks live-collected around the Australian coastline have concluded that near-shore marine radiocarbon reservoir effects are small and relatively uniform. These studies are based on limited samples of sometimes dubious quality representing only selective parts of Australia’s lengthy coastline. We systematically examine spatial variability in the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) through analysis of 292 live-collected mollusk samples across the Australian mainland coasts and near-shore islands subject to strict selection criteria. This study presents 233 new ΔR values combined with an evaluation of 59 previously published values. Results demonstrate significant spatial variability in marine radiocarbon reservoir effects across the study region. ΔR values range from 68 ± 24 14 C years off the Pilbara region of Western Australia to –337 ± 46 14 C years in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland. Most sets of local values exhibit internal consistency, reflecting the dominant influence of regional oceanography, including depletion in ΔR values southwards along the eastern Australian coastline coincident with the East Australian Current. Anomalous values are attributed to inaccurate documentation, species-specific relationships with the carbon cycle and/or short-term fluctuations in marine radiocarbon activities. To account for the heterogeneous distribution of marine 14 C, we recommend using a location specific ΔR value calculated using the Australian ΔR Calculator, available at: https://delta-r-calc.jcu.io/ .","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bethan Linscott, Luke Spindler, Jamie Cameron, David Chivall, Rachel Wood
ABSTRACT Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating is central to the development of robust chronologies in archaeological and paleoenvironmental contexts spanning the last 50,000 years. For dates to be accurate, samples must be free of exogenous carbon contamination. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), considerable advancements in the dating of bone collagen have been made through the development of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the dating of the amino acid hydroxyproline, which can mitigate the effects of carbon contamination. However, recent changes in ligand manufacturing methods for the mixed-mode column used in the ORAU protocol (Primesep A, SIELC Technologies; IL, USA) have resulted in unacceptably high analytical backgrounds. Prior to the manufacturing change, backgrounds of > 50k BP were achievable. Since the manufacturing change, a mean background of 32.5k BP has been measured. Due to column bleed, the Primesep A is therefore no longer suitable for 14 C measurement of hydroxyproline from older material. Here, we present background data and the chromatography conditions used to isolate hydroxyproline using an alternative column, a preparative-scale Newcrom AH, which shows promising potential as an alternative for the routine isolation and AMS dating of hydroxyproline—especially approaching the age and mass limits of the method.
加速器质谱法(AMS)放射性碳(14c)定年对于在过去5万年的考古和古环境背景下建立可靠的年表至关重要。为了使日期准确，样品必须没有外源性碳污染。在牛津放射性碳加速器单元(ORAU)，通过开发一种高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法来测定氨基酸羟基脯氨酸的年代，在骨胶原的年代测定方面取得了相当大的进展，这种方法可以减轻碳污染的影响。然而，最近ORAU协议中使用的混合模式色谱的配体制造方法发生了变化(Primesep A, SIELC Technologies;IL，美国)导致了不可接受的高分析背景。在制造业变革之前，>50k BP是可以实现的。自制造业变化以来，测量了32.5k BP的平均背景。由于柱出血，Primesep A因此不再适用于旧材料中羟脯氨酸的14c测量。在这里，我们提供了背景数据和色谱条件，用于分离羟基脯氨酸，使用另一种色谱柱，制备规模的Newcrom AH，它显示出有希望的潜力，作为常规分离和羟基脯氨酸的AMS定年-特别是接近年龄和质量限制的方法。
{"title":"ACHIEVING LOW BACKGROUNDS DURING COMPOUND-SPECIFIC HYDROXYPROLINE DATING: HPLC COLUMN EFFECTS","authors":"Bethan Linscott, Luke Spindler, Jamie Cameron, David Chivall, Rachel Wood","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.86","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating is central to the development of robust chronologies in archaeological and paleoenvironmental contexts spanning the last 50,000 years. For dates to be accurate, samples must be free of exogenous carbon contamination. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), considerable advancements in the dating of bone collagen have been made through the development of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the dating of the amino acid hydroxyproline, which can mitigate the effects of carbon contamination. However, recent changes in ligand manufacturing methods for the mixed-mode column used in the ORAU protocol (Primesep A, SIELC Technologies; IL, USA) have resulted in unacceptably high analytical backgrounds. Prior to the manufacturing change, backgrounds of > 50k BP were achievable. Since the manufacturing change, a mean background of 32.5k BP has been measured. Due to column bleed, the Primesep A is therefore no longer suitable for 14 C measurement of hydroxyproline from older material. Here, we present background data and the chromatography conditions used to isolate hydroxyproline using an alternative column, a preparative-scale Newcrom AH, which shows promising potential as an alternative for the routine isolation and AMS dating of hydroxyproline—especially approaching the age and mass limits of the method.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomas Rimkus, Berit Valentin Eriksen, John Meadows, Christian Hamann
ABSTRACT Bone points were one of the major hunting implements in northern European hunter-gatherer societies. They differ in shapes, types, and manufacturing techniques. In this paper, we investigate 22 bone points from the territory of Lithuania, by studying their morpho-technological characteristics, direct dates, and adhesive residues. The majority are isolated finds, but four points were selected from excavated archaeological sites dated between the 5th and 3rd millennia cal BC. Most of the points belong to the barbed points category, but six slotted points were also studied. Of the 22, 16 previously undated points were sampled for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) dating. The results of 10 successfully dated samples are discussed together with previously published 14 C dates of bone points from the same region. ATR-FTIR analysis of adhesive residues from six points suggest that birch bark tar was used to haft barbed points and lithic inserts. The results reveal the diversity of types of Early Holocene bone points in the territory of Lithuania, while the slotted and Kunda-type bone points fall into narrow timeframes.
{"title":"BONE POINTS IN TIME: DATING HUNTER-GATHERER BONE POINTS IN THE TERRITORY OF LITHUANIA","authors":"Tomas Rimkus, Berit Valentin Eriksen, John Meadows, Christian Hamann","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.97","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bone points were one of the major hunting implements in northern European hunter-gatherer societies. They differ in shapes, types, and manufacturing techniques. In this paper, we investigate 22 bone points from the territory of Lithuania, by studying their morpho-technological characteristics, direct dates, and adhesive residues. The majority are isolated finds, but four points were selected from excavated archaeological sites dated between the 5th and 3rd millennia cal BC. Most of the points belong to the barbed points category, but six slotted points were also studied. Of the 22, 16 previously undated points were sampled for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) dating. The results of 10 successfully dated samples are discussed together with previously published 14 C dates of bone points from the same region. ATR-FTIR analysis of adhesive residues from six points suggest that birch bark tar was used to haft barbed points and lithic inserts. The results reveal the diversity of types of Early Holocene bone points in the territory of Lithuania, while the slotted and Kunda-type bone points fall into narrow timeframes.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Piotrowska, Marzena Kłusek, Piotr Boroń, Ewelina Imiołczyk, Mateusz Budziakowski, Adrian Poloczek, Agata Poloczek-Imielińska, Marian Jaksik
ABSTRACT We present case studies on three objects of high importance for cultural heritage in southern Poland, dated in years 2018–2022 at the Gliwice 14 C and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory with radiocarbon ( 14 C) and dendrochronology methods. The first was a richly ornamented wooden cane, discovered during excavations on the market in Bytom city. The cane can be associated with medieval court proceedings. The archaeological context indicates the 13th century AD, and the 14 C result corresponds perfectly with this time, confirming that it is the oldest object of this type in Poland. The second was a 4-m-tall oak column from St. Leonard Church in Lipnica Murowana, a UNESCO heritage site. The local story said it was previously devoted to Światowid, a pagan deity. Our analysis excluded the pre-Christian age, as the tree was felled no earlier than the late 15th century, which is in agreement with historical records. The third was a wooden Saint Lawrence Church in Bobrowniki. The presbytery was covered with up to five layers of polychromic paintings, some of high artistic value. We dated three samples from the original wooden board, and by wiggle-matching, the calibrated age interval was narrowed to 1731–1754 cal AD.
{"title":"DATING OF WOODEN HERITAGE OBJECTS IN THE GLIWICE <sup>14</sup>C AND MASS SPECTROMETRY LABORATORY","authors":"Natalia Piotrowska, Marzena Kłusek, Piotr Boroń, Ewelina Imiołczyk, Mateusz Budziakowski, Adrian Poloczek, Agata Poloczek-Imielińska, Marian Jaksik","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.91","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present case studies on three objects of high importance for cultural heritage in southern Poland, dated in years 2018–2022 at the Gliwice 14 C and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory with radiocarbon ( 14 C) and dendrochronology methods. The first was a richly ornamented wooden cane, discovered during excavations on the market in Bytom city. The cane can be associated with medieval court proceedings. The archaeological context indicates the 13th century AD, and the 14 C result corresponds perfectly with this time, confirming that it is the oldest object of this type in Poland. The second was a 4-m-tall oak column from St. Leonard Church in Lipnica Murowana, a UNESCO heritage site. The local story said it was previously devoted to Światowid, a pagan deity. Our analysis excluded the pre-Christian age, as the tree was felled no earlier than the late 15th century, which is in agreement with historical records. The third was a wooden Saint Lawrence Church in Bobrowniki. The presbytery was covered with up to five layers of polychromic paintings, some of high artistic value. We dated three samples from the original wooden board, and by wiggle-matching, the calibrated age interval was narrowed to 1731–1754 cal AD.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M H Garnett, R Pereira, C Taylor, C Murray, P L Ascough
ABSTRACT Sample materials such as sediments and soils contain complex mixtures of different carbon-containing compounds. These bulk samples can be split into individual fractions, based on the temperature of thermal decomposition of their components. When coupled with radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurement of the isolated fractions, this approach offers the advantage of directly investigating the residence time, turnover time, source, or age of the different components within a mixed sample, providing important insights to better understand the cycling of carbon in the environment. Several laboratories have previously reported different approaches to separate radiocarbon samples based on temperature in what is a growing area of interest within the research community. Here, we report the design and operation of a new ramped oxidation facility for separation of sample carbon on the basis of thermal resistance at the NEIF Radiocarbon Laboratory in East Kilbride, UK. Our new instrumentation shares some characteristics with the previously-reported systems applying ramped oxidation and/or ramped pyrolysis for radiocarbon measurement, but also has several differences which we describe and discuss. We also present the results of a thorough program of testing of the new system, which demonstrates both the reproducibility of the thermograms generated during sample combustion, and the reliability of the radiocarbon measurements obtained on individual sample fractions. This is achieved through quantification of the radiocarbon background and analysis of multiple standards of known 14 C content during standard operation of the instrumentation.
{"title":"A NEW RAMPED OXIDATION-<sup>14</sup>C ANALYSIS FACILITY AT THE NEIF RADIOCARBON LABORATORY, EAST KILBRIDE, UK","authors":"M H Garnett, R Pereira, C Taylor, C Murray, P L Ascough","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.96","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sample materials such as sediments and soils contain complex mixtures of different carbon-containing compounds. These bulk samples can be split into individual fractions, based on the temperature of thermal decomposition of their components. When coupled with radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurement of the isolated fractions, this approach offers the advantage of directly investigating the residence time, turnover time, source, or age of the different components within a mixed sample, providing important insights to better understand the cycling of carbon in the environment. Several laboratories have previously reported different approaches to separate radiocarbon samples based on temperature in what is a growing area of interest within the research community. Here, we report the design and operation of a new ramped oxidation facility for separation of sample carbon on the basis of thermal resistance at the NEIF Radiocarbon Laboratory in East Kilbride, UK. Our new instrumentation shares some characteristics with the previously-reported systems applying ramped oxidation and/or ramped pyrolysis for radiocarbon measurement, but also has several differences which we describe and discuss. We also present the results of a thorough program of testing of the new system, which demonstrates both the reproducibility of the thermograms generated during sample combustion, and the reliability of the radiocarbon measurements obtained on individual sample fractions. This is achieved through quantification of the radiocarbon background and analysis of multiple standards of known 14 C content during standard operation of the instrumentation.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylwester Czopek, Marek Krąpiec, Jacek Pawlyta, Tomasz Tokarczyk
ABSTRACT The Early Iron Age hillfort in Chotyniec (SE Poland) is the westernmost permanent settlement of the Scythian cultural circle. Recognizing the construction of the fortified settlement’s ramparts and their chronology was considered one of the priorities of the systematic research conducted since 2016. Based on 18 radiocarbon dated samples from different parts of the rampart, a chronological model of its functioning was made. It indicates that the construction of this monumental fortifications protecting the settlement in Chotyniec should be dated to between 651–595 or 531–409 BC. This dating synchronizes well with the chronology of the most important ritual and ceremonial object within the Chotyniec settlement—the so-called zolnik and other Scythian settlements from the East European forest-steppe zone.
{"title":"ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE RAMPART OF THE EARLY IRON AGE HILLFORT IN CHOTYNIEC NEAR RADYMNO (SOUTHEASTERN POLAND) IN THE CONTEXT OF RADIOCARBON DATING","authors":"Sylwester Czopek, Marek Krąpiec, Jacek Pawlyta, Tomasz Tokarczyk","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.87","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Early Iron Age hillfort in Chotyniec (SE Poland) is the westernmost permanent settlement of the Scythian cultural circle. Recognizing the construction of the fortified settlement’s ramparts and their chronology was considered one of the priorities of the systematic research conducted since 2016. Based on 18 radiocarbon dated samples from different parts of the rampart, a chronological model of its functioning was made. It indicates that the construction of this monumental fortifications protecting the settlement in Chotyniec should be dated to between 651–595 or 531–409 BC. This dating synchronizes well with the chronology of the most important ritual and ceremonial object within the Chotyniec settlement—the so-called zolnik and other Scythian settlements from the East European forest-steppe zone.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：