Manuel R González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti, David Cuenca-Solana, Lawrence G Straus
There are now 101 radiocarbon dates from the long Paleolithic and post-Paleolithic culture-stratigraphic sequence in El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain. Here we report on two dates on bone from two different humans whose remains were found in disturbed surface sediments in the cave vestibule rear and that confirm the existence of burials in addition to previously reported residential occupations in the vestibule front pertaining to the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age periods (ca. 5500–3500 cal BP). In another attempt to resolve problems of stratigraphic incoherence of dates from the early Magdalenian periods in the vestibule rear, six new assays on faunal remains from Levels 119, 117, 114, 108, and 106 were run at Queen’s University in Belfast. There continue to be date inversions in the Lower Magdalenian range of levels that may be explained by a combination of intensive anthropic and rodent activity, major rock fall, slope wash and gravity-caused object movements, as well as possible problems in following some thin levels during excavations over a large area and across many years of work in the cave vestibule interior, particularly in the absence of any layers that are culturally sterile or even poor. Nonetheless, the coherent age of the Initial Magdalenian is fully confirmed by a new date from Level 21 in the vestibule front at ca. 22,000–20,500 cal BP), as is the general age range of the Lower Magdalenian (ca. 20,500–18,000 cal BP).
{"title":"CHALCOLITHIC/EARLY BRONZE AGE AND ADDITIONAL MAGDALENIAN RADIOCARBON DATES FOR EL MIRÓN CAVE (RAMALES DE LA VICTORIA, CANTABRIA, SPAIN). DATE LIST VII","authors":"Manuel R González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti, David Cuenca-Solana, Lawrence G Straus","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are now 101 radiocarbon dates from the long Paleolithic and post-Paleolithic culture-stratigraphic sequence in El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain. Here we report on two dates on bone from two different humans whose remains were found in disturbed surface sediments in the cave vestibule rear and that confirm the existence of burials in addition to previously reported residential occupations in the vestibule front pertaining to the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age periods (ca. 5500–3500 cal BP). In another attempt to resolve problems of stratigraphic incoherence of dates from the early Magdalenian periods in the vestibule rear, six new assays on faunal remains from Levels 119, 117, 114, 108, and 106 were run at Queen’s University in Belfast. There continue to be date inversions in the Lower Magdalenian range of levels that may be explained by a combination of intensive anthropic and rodent activity, major rock fall, slope wash and gravity-caused object movements, as well as possible problems in following some thin levels during excavations over a large area and across many years of work in the cave vestibule interior, particularly in the absence of any layers that are culturally sterile or even poor. Nonetheless, the coherent age of the Initial Magdalenian is fully confirmed by a new date from Level 21 in the vestibule front at ca. 22,000–20,500 cal BP), as is the general age range of the Lower Magdalenian (ca. 20,500–18,000 cal BP).</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petra Urbanová, Laura Panzeri, Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Marco Martini, Francesco Maspero, Pierre Guibert, Anna Galli
After an intercomparison age experiment carried out in the framework of the first MODIS (MOrtar Dating Inter-comparison Study) project, the results showed general agreement both between optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating laboratories and with radiocarbon (14C) dating results. As the needs for the selection of samples convenient for an inter-comparison are not the same between 14C and OSL, for the second running, it has been decided to choose two different sample sets, one to share between the radiocarbon labs and one for the OSL dating ones. The results obtained by applying different experimental protocols (multigrain and single grain techniques) and different statistical models (weighted mean, central age mode, average dose model, minimum age model and exponential exposure dose) are discussed in this work.
{"title":"OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE (OSL) MORTAR DATING INTER-COMPARISON STUDY. THE SECOND ROUND OF MODIS, MORTAR DATING INTER-COMPARISON STUDY","authors":"Petra Urbanová, Laura Panzeri, Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Marco Martini, Francesco Maspero, Pierre Guibert, Anna Galli","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.124","url":null,"abstract":"After an intercomparison age experiment carried out in the framework of the first MODIS (MOrtar Dating Inter-comparison Study) project, the results showed general agreement both between optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating laboratories and with radiocarbon (<jats:sup>14</jats:sup>C) dating results. As the needs for the selection of samples convenient for an inter-comparison are not the same between <jats:sup>14</jats:sup>C and OSL, for the second running, it has been decided to choose two different sample sets, one to share between the radiocarbon labs and one for the OSL dating ones. The results obtained by applying different experimental protocols (multigrain and single grain techniques) and different statistical models (weighted mean, central age mode, average dose model, minimum age model and exponential exposure dose) are discussed in this work.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojian Li, Wei Liu, Yongxiang Xu, Haifeng Dou, A Mark Pollard, Ruiliang Liu
The conquest of the Shang Dynasty at Anyang around 1046 BCE by the Zhou is one of the major events for not only Chinese Bronze Age but also early interaction between the pastoralist groups from the Eurasian Steppes and agriculture ones in the Central Plains of China. It is well-known from historical texts that the pre-Zhou people lived in the ancient Bin region (豳), the exact location of which is unclear, but most likely in the Jing River valley. At some point the leader Gugong Danfu (古公亶父) moved from Bin to the capital Qi (Zhouyuan), which preceded the Zhou invasion of Anyang. We have produced a new high resolution radiocarbon chronology for Zaolinhetan, a small settlement in the pre-Zhou heartland. This shows not only an exceptionally long chronological span for the site, but also a different phasing compared to the traditional pottery typology, which raises new questions regarding the regional variation of pottery typologies. Intriguingly, the analysis also reveals a rapid abandonment of Zaolinhetan around 1100 BCE, at the same time many larger sites, such as Zhouyuan, which later became the capital of the Western Zhou dynasty, were significantly expanding. We argue that the drastic decline of Zaolinhetan as revealed by the substantial number of radiocarbon dates and probably also the movement of pre-Zhou political center from Bin to Qin, was part of bigger picture that involved a range of social and environmental factors.
{"title":"A VIEW FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE: RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY FOR ZAOLINHETAN OF THE PRE-ZHOU CULTURE IN EARLY DYNASTIC CHINA","authors":"Xiaojian Li, Wei Liu, Yongxiang Xu, Haifeng Dou, A Mark Pollard, Ruiliang Liu","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.121","url":null,"abstract":"The conquest of the Shang Dynasty at Anyang around 1046 BCE by the Zhou is one of the major events for not only Chinese Bronze Age but also early interaction between the pastoralist groups from the Eurasian Steppes and agriculture ones in the Central Plains of China. It is well-known from historical texts that the pre-Zhou people lived in the ancient Bin region (豳), the exact location of which is unclear, but most likely in the Jing River valley. At some point the leader Gugong Danfu (古公亶父) moved from Bin to the capital Qi (Zhouyuan), which preceded the Zhou invasion of Anyang. We have produced a new high resolution radiocarbon chronology for Zaolinhetan, a small settlement in the pre-Zhou heartland. This shows not only an exceptionally long chronological span for the site, but also a different phasing compared to the traditional pottery typology, which raises new questions regarding the regional variation of pottery typologies. Intriguingly, the analysis also reveals a rapid abandonment of Zaolinhetan around 1100 BCE, at the same time many larger sites, such as Zhouyuan, which later became the capital of the Western Zhou dynasty, were significantly expanding. We argue that the drastic decline of Zaolinhetan as revealed by the substantial number of radiocarbon dates and probably also the movement of pre-Zhou political center from Bin to Qin, was part of bigger picture that involved a range of social and environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seven accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dates (7260±106∼7607±95 BP averaged 7444±103 BP) on a giant oyster shell, collected from an ancient shore of the Taipei Basin, are similar to the LSC (liquid scintillation counting) 14C age (7260±46 BP) of a grass sample inside the shell. The calibrated 14C ages of the C. gigas by Marine20 are 7490±240∼7805±230 cal BP (average 7660±96 cal BP), generally agreed with the calibrated LSC 14C ages of the grass and the oyster shell. Combined with other 14C ages of shoreline samples in the Taipei Basin, it is evident that sea level rose from 8600 to 7600 cal BP and reached a stand higher than modern sea level. During this marine transgression, the sedimentation rate along the shoreline was very high because 14C dating was not able to detect age differences for 4–5 m thick sediment sequences. Sixty-nine analyses of δ18O and δ13C from the oldest part of the shell exhibit clear seasonal cycles, with a 4-year period of growth in the 5.5-cm section. According to the δ18O values, the ancient oyster grew in a warmer-than-present shoreline environment, suggesting that the current absence of the giant oyster in Taiwan is not due to warming conditions.
{"title":"AMS 14C DATING AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS ON AN 8-KYR OYSTER SHELL FROM TAIPEI BASIN: SEA LEVEL AND SST CHANGES","authors":"Hong-Chun Li, Horng-Sheng Mii, Tsung-Kwei Liu, Wen-Shan Chen, Su-Chen Kang, Chun-Yen Chou, Satabdi Misra, Tzu-Tsen Shen, Meixun Zhao","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seven accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS <span>14</span>C) dates (7260±106∼7607±95 BP averaged 7444±103 BP) on a giant oyster shell, collected from an ancient shore of the Taipei Basin, are similar to the LSC (liquid scintillation counting) <span>14</span>C age (7260±46 BP) of a grass sample inside the shell. The calibrated <span>14</span>C ages of the C. <span>gigas</span> by Marine20 are 7490±240∼7805±230 cal BP (average 7660±96 cal BP), generally agreed with the calibrated LSC <span>14</span>C ages of the grass and the oyster shell. Combined with other <span>14</span>C ages of shoreline samples in the Taipei Basin, it is evident that sea level rose from 8600 to 7600 cal BP and reached a stand higher than modern sea level. During this marine transgression, the sedimentation rate along the shoreline was very high because <span>14</span>C dating was not able to detect age differences for 4–5 m thick sediment sequences. Sixty-nine analyses of δ<span>18</span>O and δ<span>13</span>C from the oldest part of the shell exhibit clear seasonal cycles, with a 4-year period of growth in the 5.5-cm section. According to the δ<span>18</span>O values, the ancient oyster grew in a warmer-than-present shoreline environment, suggesting that the current absence of the giant oyster in Taiwan is not due to warming conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139483677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kate J Clark, Jocelyn C Turnbull, Bruce A Marshall, Taylor W A Ferrick, Jamie D Howarth
Marine radiocarbon (14C) ages are an important geochronology tool for the understanding of past earthquakes and tsunamis that have impacted the coastline of New Zealand. To advance this field of research, we need an improved understanding of the radiocarbon marine reservoir correction for coastal waters of New Zealand. Here we report 170 new ΔR20 (1900–1950) measurements from around New Zealand made on pre-1950 marine shells and mollusks killed by the 1931 Napier earthquake. The influence of feeding method, living depth and environmental preference on ΔR is evaluated and we find no influence from these factors except for samples living at or around the high tide mark on rocky open coastlines, which tend to have anomalously low ΔR values. We examine how ΔR varies spatially around the New Zealand coastline and identify continuous stretches of coastline with statistically similar ΔR values. We recommend subdividing the New Zealand coast into four regions with different marine reservoir corrections: A: south and western South Island, ΔR20 –113 ± 33 yr, B: Cook Strait and western North Island, ΔR20 –171 ± 29 yr, C: northeastern North Island, ΔR20 –143 ± 18 yr, D: eastern North Island and eastern South Island, ΔR20 –70 ± 39 yr.
{"title":"COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE OF MARINE RESERVOIR VALUES FOR NEW ZEALAND COASTAL WATERS TO INFORM COASTAL HAZARD RESEARCH","authors":"Kate J Clark, Jocelyn C Turnbull, Bruce A Marshall, Taylor W A Ferrick, Jamie D Howarth","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine radiocarbon (<span>14</span>C) ages are an important geochronology tool for the understanding of past earthquakes and tsunamis that have impacted the coastline of New Zealand. To advance this field of research, we need an improved understanding of the radiocarbon marine reservoir correction for coastal waters of New Zealand. Here we report 170 new ΔR<span>20</span> (1900–1950) measurements from around New Zealand made on pre-1950 marine shells and mollusks killed by the 1931 Napier earthquake. The influence of feeding method, living depth and environmental preference on ΔR is evaluated and we find no influence from these factors except for samples living at or around the high tide mark on rocky open coastlines, which tend to have anomalously low ΔR values. We examine how ΔR varies spatially around the New Zealand coastline and identify continuous stretches of coastline with statistically similar ΔR values. We recommend subdividing the New Zealand coast into four regions with different marine reservoir corrections: A: south and western South Island, ΔR<span>20</span> –113 ± 33 yr, B: Cook Strait and western North Island, ΔR<span>20</span> –171 ± 29 yr, C: northeastern North Island, ΔR<span>20</span> –143 ± 18 yr, D: eastern North Island and eastern South Island, ΔR<span>20</span> –70 ± 39 yr.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139483613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christophe Moreau, Jean-Pascal Dumoulin, Maguy Jaber, Ingrid Caffy, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, Cédric Goulas, Stéphane Hain, Marion Perron, Valérie Setti, Marc Sieudat, Bruno Thellier, Lucile Beck
The absolute dating of mortar by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been the subject of renewed interest for several years. International intercomparison campaigns, called MODIS (MOrtar Dating Intercomparison Study), have been carried out. The first MODIS-1 campaign highlighted limitations in mortar dating, due to the similarity between the primary material to be dated (binder) and the contaminant (exogenous CaCO3). Methods have since emerged to overcome this problem and the need for a good preliminary characterization has been proven. The Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14 (LMC14) took part in the second intercomparison campaign, MODIS2, by applying thermal decomposition increments to distinguish the carbonated binder, the organic matter contaminants (late in formation pyrogenic carbonate, LDH) and limestone. The LMC14 results on MODIS2 are quite conclusive on “pure” re-carbonated lime mortar binders containing little contaminant geological limestone but show their weaknesses for mortars heavily contaminated in Dolomites, which are difficult to discern from the binder. Recommendations for users of radiocarbon (14C) dating on mortar-based materials are made in the conclusion.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A 14C PROTOCOL AT THE LMC14 FOR THE DATING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MATERIALS: HISTORICAL MORTARS. PARTICIPATION IN THE MODIS INTERNATIONAL INTERCOMPARISON CAMPAIGN","authors":"Christophe Moreau, Jean-Pascal Dumoulin, Maguy Jaber, Ingrid Caffy, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, Cédric Goulas, Stéphane Hain, Marion Perron, Valérie Setti, Marc Sieudat, Bruno Thellier, Lucile Beck","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The absolute dating of mortar by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been the subject of renewed interest for several years. International intercomparison campaigns, called MODIS (MOrtar Dating Intercomparison Study), have been carried out. The first MODIS-1 campaign highlighted limitations in mortar dating, due to the similarity between the primary material to be dated (binder) and the contaminant (exogenous CaCO<span>3</span>). Methods have since emerged to overcome this problem and the need for a good preliminary characterization has been proven. The Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14 (LMC14) took part in the second intercomparison campaign, MODIS2, by applying thermal decomposition increments to distinguish the carbonated binder, the organic matter contaminants (late in formation pyrogenic carbonate, LDH) and limestone. The LMC14 results on MODIS2 are quite conclusive on “pure” re-carbonated lime mortar binders containing little contaminant geological limestone but show their weaknesses for mortars heavily contaminated in Dolomites, which are difficult to discern from the binder. Recommendations for users of radiocarbon (<span>14</span>C) dating on mortar-based materials are made in the conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The comparisons among 126 14C dates of Carex samples including separated leaf and root parts with acid (A)-treatment and acid-base-acid (ABA)-treatment, and 48 published 14C dates of bulk peat plants on a 92-cm core from Jinchuan Mire in NE China, indicate old carbon influence (OCI) on the 14C dates. The OCI varies with plant species, pretreatment and peat depth. In vascular peat plants such as Carex, humin fractions (remains after ABA treatment) and humic acids are representative of the original plant precursor, while fulvic acids are regarded as the secondary mobile product which should be removed for 14C dating. ABA- treatment removes both fulvic acids and humic acids, whereas A-treatment gets rid of only fulvic acids. Carex roots uptake more dissolved CO2 in peat water. Carex leaves may use more CO2 (involving degassing CO2) above the peat surface. By removing humic acids throughout ABA treatment, the OCI may vary differently over depth (time). ABA treatment cannot eliminate the fixed OCI in humin fractions of vascular peat plants, instead, this treatment may enhance OCI by removing humic acid which may represent the true age of the plants. In addition, Bacon model results on this core could not show rapid changes in accumulation rate.
在中国东北金川沼泽采集的 92 厘米泥炭岩芯上,对 126 个薹草样品(包括经酸(A)处理和经酸-碱-酸(ABA)处理的分离叶片和根部)的 14C 年代和 48 个已发表的大块泥炭植物的 14C 年代进行了比较,结果表明老碳对 14C 年代的影响(OCI)。OCI 随植物种类、预处理和泥炭深度的不同而变化。在维管泥炭植物(如薹草)中,腐殖质组分(ABA 处理后的残留物)和腐殖酸是原始植物前体的代表,而富里酸被认为是次要的移动产物,在进行 14C 测定时应去除。经 ABA 处理后,富营养化酸和腐植酸都会被去除,而经 A 处理后,只有富营养化酸会被去除。薹草的根吸收泥炭水中更多的溶解二氧化碳。薹草叶片可能会吸收泥炭表面更多的二氧化碳(包括脱气二氧化碳)。通过在整个 ABA 处理过程中去除腐殖酸,OCI 可能会随深度(时间)的不同而变化。ABA 处理无法消除维管泥炭植物腐殖质部分中固定的 OCI,相反,这种处理可能会通过去除腐殖酸来提高 OCI,而腐殖酸可能代表植物的真实年龄。此外,该岩心的培根模型结果无法显示积累率的快速变化。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT SPECIES AND PRETREATMENT ON THE 14C AGE OF CAREX-DOMINATED PEAT PLANTS OF A PEAT CORE FROM JINCHUAN MIRE, NE CHINA","authors":"Satabdi Misra, Sneha Kashyap, Chun-Yen Chou, Tingyi Chang, Hong-Chun Li, Xiaoyan Ning, Jing-Jing Sun, Jie Wang, Meixun Zhao","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The comparisons among 126 <span>14</span>C dates of <span>Carex</span> samples including separated leaf and root parts with acid (A)-treatment and acid-base-acid (ABA)-treatment, and 48 published <span>14</span>C dates of bulk peat plants on a 92-cm core from Jinchuan Mire in NE China, indicate old carbon influence (OCI) on the <span>14</span>C dates. The OCI varies with plant species, pretreatment and peat depth. In vascular peat plants such as <span>Carex</span>, humin fractions (remains after ABA treatment) and humic acids are representative of the original plant precursor, while fulvic acids are regarded as the secondary mobile product which should be removed for <span>14</span>C dating. ABA- treatment removes both fulvic acids and humic acids, whereas A-treatment gets rid of only fulvic acids. <span>Carex</span> roots uptake more dissolved CO<span>2</span> in peat water. <span>Carex</span> leaves may use more CO<span>2</span> (involving degassing CO<span>2</span>) above the peat surface. By removing humic acids throughout ABA treatment, the OCI may vary differently over depth (time). ABA treatment cannot eliminate the fixed OCI in humin fractions of vascular peat plants, instead, this treatment may enhance OCI by removing humic acid which may represent the true age of the plants. In addition, Bacon model results on this core could not show rapid changes in accumulation rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139057837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M I Oliveira, C Carvalho, A Assumpção, K Macario, D Amaral, C F Barbosa, F Oliveira, A Bahniuk, C Vasconcelos, A Cruz, A Blanco
The Lagoa Salgada is located in the Paraíba do Sul river delta plain on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, and is one of the few lagoons in the world that have well-developed recent stromatolites. Lagoa Salgada is a hypersaline lagoon formed in a very complex environmental system subjected to terrestrial and oceanic influences under different sea level regimes and climate variations. In addition, sediment and stromatolites are characterized by unusually positive inorganic δ13C VPDB values. For this reason, it has been the target of several geological and paleoenvironmental studies, which, in their great majority, require a geochronological technique in order to determine the changes in the environment over time. When radiocarbon (14C) dating is used, it is necessary to consider some details as the source of 14C in the environment and perform 14C ages calibration accordingly. In the present paper, a bibliographic survey was carried out in order to review the data treatment and improve the environmental evolution discussion based on accurate calibration. Using the Marine20 curve and an undetermined ΔR, we generated growth and depositional models to establish an overview of the formation of this lagoon.
Lagoa Salgada位于巴西里约热内卢州海岸的Paraíba do Sul河三角洲平原,是世界上为数不多的具有发育良好的近代叠层石的泻湖之一。Salgada Lagoa Salgada是在一个非常复杂的环境系统中形成的一个高盐泻湖,在不同的海平面制度和气候变化下,受到陆地和海洋的影响。此外,沉积物和叠层石具有异常正的无机δ13C VPDB值。由于这个原因,它一直是一些地质和古环境研究的目标,这些研究在大多数情况下都需要地质年代学技术来确定环境随时间的变化。当使用放射性碳(14C)定年时,需要考虑一些细节作为环境中14C的来源,并相应地进行14C年龄校准。本文以文献调查为基础,对数据处理进行综述,以完善基于精确定标的环境演变讨论。利用Marine20曲线和一个未确定的ΔR,我们生成了生长和沉积模型,以建立这个泻湖形成的概述。
{"title":"LAGOA SALGADA: AN OVERVIEW OF A BRAZILIAN HYPERSALINE LAGOON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OVER THE LAST 5000 YEARS USING RADIOCARBON DATE CORRECTIONS","authors":"M I Oliveira, C Carvalho, A Assumpção, K Macario, D Amaral, C F Barbosa, F Oliveira, A Bahniuk, C Vasconcelos, A Cruz, A Blanco","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Lagoa Salgada is located in the Paraíba do Sul river delta plain on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, and is one of the few lagoons in the world that have well-developed recent stromatolites. Lagoa Salgada is a hypersaline lagoon formed in a very complex environmental system subjected to terrestrial and oceanic influences under different sea level regimes and climate variations. In addition, sediment and stromatolites are characterized by unusually positive inorganic δ<span>13</span>C VPDB values. For this reason, it has been the target of several geological and paleoenvironmental studies, which, in their great majority, require a geochronological technique in order to determine the changes in the environment over time. When radiocarbon (<span>14</span>C) dating is used, it is necessary to consider some details as the source of <span>14</span>C in the environment and perform <span>14</span>C ages calibration accordingly. In the present paper, a bibliographic survey was carried out in order to review the data treatment and improve the environmental evolution discussion based on accurate calibration. Using the Marine20 curve and an undetermined ΔR, we generated growth and depositional models to establish an overview of the formation of this lagoon.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses a “dates as data” approach to understand how grave good use and cemetery space changed across the early medieval period in England. A series of composite kernel density estimations were created, based on a dataset of nearly 1100 graves with associated radiocarbon dates, from between the fourth and ninth centuries AD. This modeling revealed a previously unrecognized peak in grave furnishing around 600 AD, which coincides with a peak in isolated burials, and a low point for unfurnished graves and for small cemeteries. It argues that this peak is unrecognized as previous models of chronological change have focused only on graves containing chronologically distinctive artifacts and highlights the importance of radiocarbon dating as a way of avoiding this limitation.
{"title":"A RADIOCARBON-BASED MODEL OF CHANGING BURIAL RITES IN EARLY MEDIEVAL ENGLAND","authors":"Emma Brownlee","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper uses a “dates as data” approach to understand how grave good use and cemetery space changed across the early medieval period in England. A series of composite kernel density estimations were created, based on a dataset of nearly 1100 graves with associated radiocarbon dates, from between the fourth and ninth centuries AD. This modeling revealed a previously unrecognized peak in grave furnishing around 600 AD, which coincides with a peak in isolated burials, and a low point for unfurnished graves and for small cemeteries. It argues that this peak is unrecognized as previous models of chronological change have focused only on graves containing chronologically distinctive artifacts and highlights the importance of radiocarbon dating as a way of avoiding this limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guaciara M Santos, Christopher A Leong, Pieter M Grootes, Martin Seiler, Helene Svarva, Marie-Josée Nadeau
Eight atmospheric carbon dioxide samples (as calcium carbonate—CaCO3—precipitates) from Lindesnes site (58ºN, 7ºE), belonging to 1963 and 1980 (four samples from each year) and stored at the National Laboratory for Age Determination (NTNU), have been reevaluated through radiocarbon (14C) analysis. Previous 14C results indicated the presence of a contaminant, which was not removed through different chemical cleansing procedures (e.g., hydrochloric acid—HCl and/or hydrogen peroxide—H2O2). Here, we present a follow up investigation using 14C step-combustion and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Results from 14C data indicate unsuccessful removal of the contaminant, while further FTIR analysis displayed the presence of moisture. This finding alludes to the possibility that the contaminant is of ambient air-CO2 deeply embedded in CaCO3 powders (within clogged CaCO3 pores and/or bonded to the lattice). Samples were found exposed to air-CO2 and humidity. These conditions may have lasted for years, possibly even decades, leading to the 14C offsets detected here.
{"title":"RADIOCARBON STEP-COMBUSTION OXIDATION METHOD AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF TRONDHEIM CaCO3 PRECIPITATES OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SAMPLES: FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND INSIGHTS","authors":"Guaciara M Santos, Christopher A Leong, Pieter M Grootes, Martin Seiler, Helene Svarva, Marie-Josée Nadeau","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eight atmospheric carbon dioxide samples (as calcium carbonate—CaCO<span>3</span>—precipitates) from Lindesnes site (58ºN, 7ºE), belonging to 1963 and 1980 (four samples from each year) and stored at the National Laboratory for Age Determination (NTNU), have been reevaluated through radiocarbon (<span>14</span>C) analysis. Previous <span>14</span>C results indicated the presence of a contaminant, which was not removed through different chemical cleansing procedures (e.g., hydrochloric acid—HCl and/or hydrogen peroxide—H<span>2</span>O<span>2</span>). Here, we present a follow up investigation using <span>14</span>C step-combustion and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Results from <span>14</span>C data indicate unsuccessful removal of the contaminant, while further FTIR analysis displayed the presence of moisture. This finding alludes to the possibility that the contaminant is of ambient air-CO<span>2</span> deeply embedded in CaCO<span>3</span> powders (within clogged CaCO<span>3</span> pores and/or bonded to the lattice). Samples were found exposed to air-CO<span>2</span> and humidity. These conditions may have lasted for years, possibly even decades, leading to the <span>14</span>C offsets detected here.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}