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SOIL CARBON STOCKS NOT LINKED TO ABOVEGROUND LITTER INPUT AND CHEMISTRY OF OLD-GROWTH FOREST AND ADJACENT PRAIRIE 土壤碳储量与老林和邻近草原的地上垃圾输入量和化学性质无关
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.5
Karis J McFarlane, Stefania Mambelli, Rachel C Porras, Daniel B Wiedemeier, Michael W I Schmidt, Todd E Dawson, Margaret S Torn
The long-standing assumption that aboveground plant litter inputs have a substantial influence on soil organic carbon storage (SOC) and dynamics has been challenged by a new paradigm for SOC formation and persistence. We tested the importance of plant litter chemistry on SOC storage, distribution, composition, and age by comparing two highly contrasting ecosystems: an old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forest, with highly aromatic litter, and an adjacent coastal prairie, with more easily decomposed litter. We hypothesized that if plant litter chemistry was the primary driver, redwood would store more and older SOC that was less microbially processed than prairie. Total soil carbon stocks to 110 cm depth were higher in prairie (35 kg C m−2) than redwood (28 kg C m−2). Radiocarbon values indicated shorter SOC residence times in redwood than prairie throughout the profile. Higher amounts of pyrogenic carbon and a higher degree of microbial processing of SOC appear to be instrumental for soil carbon storage and persistence in prairie, while differences in fine-root carbon inputs likely contribute to younger SOC in redwood. We conclude that at these sites fire residues, root inputs, and soil properties influence soil carbon dynamics to a greater degree than the properties of aboveground litter.
长期以来,人们一直认为地上植物枯落物对土壤有机碳储存(SOC)和动态具有重要影响,但这一观点受到了 SOC 形成和持久性新模式的挑战。我们通过比较两个高度反差的生态系统,测试了植物枯落物化学性质对 SOC 储量、分布、组成和年龄的重要性:一个是枯落物芳香度极高的老龄海岸红杉(Sequoia sempervirens)林,另一个是枯落物更易分解的邻近沿海大草原。我们假设,如果植物枯落物的化学性质是主要的驱动因素,那么红杉将比草原储存更多更老的经微生物处理较少的 SOC。草原 110 厘米深处的土壤总碳储量(35 千克碳平方米-2)高于红杉(28 千克碳平方米-2)。放射性碳值表明,在整个剖面中,红杉的 SOC 停留时间比草原短。较高的热源碳含量和微生物对 SOC 的较高处理程度似乎有助于草原土壤碳的储存和持久性,而细根碳输入量的差异很可能导致红豆杉中的 SOC 更年轻。我们的结论是,在这些地点,火灾残留物、根系输入和土壤特性对土壤碳动态的影响程度要大于地上垃圾的特性。
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引用次数: 0
GEOCHRONOLOGY OF PHREATOPHYTIC MOUNDS ON THE ATMUR EL KIBIESH, EGYPT: WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS COLLECTED DURING THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN SAHARA, EGYPT, AND SUDAN (APPENDIX I) 埃及 atmur el kibiesh 上的植被丘的地质年代:附东萨哈拉、埃及和苏丹考察期间采集的植物描述(附录 I)
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.1
C Vance Haynes, Loutfy Boulos, Anthony B Muller
In the hyperarid eastern Sahara, west of the Nile River in Egypt, areas with vegetated eolian mounds have attracted people and animals because of shallow groundwater that at times of high water tables may be reached by hand digging shallow wells. An eolian phreatophytic mound with a living arak bush (Silvadora persica L.) on top, one of three known from this region of SW Egypt, provided a stratigraphic record of its growth. The geochronology of the mounds aggradation and that of a nearby tarfa mound (Tamarix nilatica Bunge) was determined by radiocarbon dating plant macrofossils within the stratigraphic succession. Eolian aggradation of the mound postdates deflation that eroded playa sediments of the Neolithic pluvial that ended ca. 5000 BP and appears to be due to a resurgence of the shallow aquifer. Subsequent deflation of the mounds is apparently due to post-1500 BP aridity. Regional vegetation is described in the Appendix I.
在埃及尼罗河以西极度干旱的撒哈拉沙漠东部,有植被的风化土丘地区吸引着人类和动物,因为这里有浅层地下水,在地下水位较高时,可以通过人工挖掘浅井来获取地下水。在埃及西南部的这一地区,有一个顶部长有活的阿拉克灌木丛(Silvadora persica L.)的风化植被土丘,这是已知的三个土丘之一,它提供了土丘生长的地层记录。通过对地层演替中的植物大化石进行放射性碳测年,确定了该土丘和附近一个塔尔法土丘(Tamarix nilatica Bunge)的地质年代。土丘的沉积是在大约公元前 5000 年新石器时代冲积层侵蚀洼地沉积物之后发生的,似乎是由于浅层含水层的回升造成的。土丘后来的塌陷显然是由于公元前 1500 年后的干旱造成的。区域植被情况见附录 I。
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引用次数: 0
CHARACTERIZATION AND SELECTION OF MORTAR SAMPLES FOR RADIOCARBON DATING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE MODIS2 INTERCOMPARISON: TWO COMPARED PROCEDURES 在 modis2 互比框架内确定和选择用于放射性碳年代测定的灰泥样本:两种比较程序
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.3
G Artioli, S Barone, M Fedi, A Galli, L Liccioli, M Martini, F Marzaioli, F Maspero, L Panzeri, I Passariello, G Ricci, M Secco, F Terrasi
For several decades, many efforts have been dedicated to enhancing the accuracy of mortar radiocarbon dating and evaluating the reliability of the results concerning the typology of the examined specimens. Several assumptions that are fundamental for the application of the method may be in many cases not fulfilled, such as (a) complete primary limestone dissociation during calcination, (b) efficient separation of geogenic carbon contained in calcareous aggregates, (c) short carbonation time, and (d) absence of secondary calcite. Many laboratories all over the world have proposed different methods to select suitable fractions of mortar. The first intercomparison attempt, involving eight international laboratories, was organized in 2016 aiming at comparing and statistically treating the results obtained on the same materials by different laboratories with their own characterization and pre-treatment methods (Hajdas et al. 2017; Hayen et al. 2017). Following this first step, a new intercomparison experiment was proposed and set up in 2018 during the Mortar Dating International Meeting (Bordeaux, FR). A new set of three mortar samples was chosen, taking care of the selection of standardized materials (homogeneity, known mineralogical composition, absence of exogenous inclusions, known expected age). This work describes the results of two research teams involved in the intercomparison. The samples were characterized, selected, and dated depending on each laboratory strategy. The results stress the importance of the characterization of the raw material is to better understand the mineralogical and petrographical composition of the samples. Such information can support the choice of the most appropriate strategy for the extraction of CO2 and then for data interpretation.
几十年来,人们一直在努力提高灰泥放射性碳年代测定法的准确性,并评估有关受检标本类型学结果的可靠性。在许多情况下,应用该方法的几个基本假设可能无法实现,例如:(a)煅烧过程中原生石灰岩完全解离,(b)钙质聚集体中所含的地质碳有效分离,(c)碳化时间短,以及(d)不存在次生方解石。世界各地的许多实验室都提出了不同的方法来选择合适的灰泥组分。2016 年组织了首次相互比较尝试,有 8 个国际实验室参与,旨在比较和统计处理不同实验室采用各自的表征和预处理方法对相同材料得出的结果(Hajdas 等人,2017 年;Hayen 等人,2017 年)。继第一步之后,2018 年在灰泥定年国际会议(法国波尔多)期间提出并建立了新的相互比较实验。我们选择了一组新的三个灰泥样本,并注意选择标准化材料(均质性、已知矿物成分、无外源夹杂物、已知预期年代)。这项工作介绍了参与相互比较的两个研究小组的成果。根据每个实验室的策略,对样品进行了特征描述、选择和年代测定。结果强调了原材料特征描述的重要性,以便更好地了解样品的矿物学和岩石学成分。这些信息可以帮助选择最合适的二氧化碳提取策略,进而帮助解释数据。
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引用次数: 0
A SUMMARY OF RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS OF FLUVIAL AND COLLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN CATCHMENTS OF SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO, CANADA 加拿大安大略省中南部集水区河流和冲积沉积物放射性碳测量概要
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.2
William C Mahaney, Andrew M Stewart
Fluvial and colluvial deposits of Late Holocene age in South-Central Ontario catchments have provided few 14C dates, most by conventional methods registering century-old ages. Other young deposits, dated by conventional and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C), have yielded bomb-affected post-1950 ages over variable time limits. Attempts to date the base of Ah and lower-in-section soil horizons, in Early to Late Holocene stream terrace deposits, have yielded atomic bomb effects. Comparing bomb contamination in Late Holocene fluvial deposits, using both conventional and AMS methods, identifies a mix of bomb-affected beds juxtaposed with dated beds, the latter yielding ages with narrow standard deviations. Colluvial deposits overlying key glacial sections in the Rouge Catchment, while rare, yield bracketed AMS ages for an Ahbk horizon that refines weathering times relative to previously obtained conventional 14C dates. Bomb-affected sediment appears variably distributed within floodplain soils and in the ground soil of a colluvial section. Mass wasted deposits, with AMS 14C ages spread over the last few centuries, appear related to Little Ice Age (LIA) changes in climate, corroborated by pollen records. Further, these AMS-14C dated beds calibrate weathering of secondary Fe-Al oxihydroxides over the first half a millennium of weathering time.
安大略省中南部集水区全新世晚期的冲积层和胶积层沉积物提供的 14C 测定日期很少,大多数是用传统方法测得的百年年龄。用常规方法和加速器质谱放射性碳(AMS 14C)测定的其他年轻沉积物的年代,在不同的时间范围内都是 1950 年后受炸弹影响的年代。在对早全新世至晚全新世溪流阶地沉积中的 Ah 和较低断面土壤层的基底进行年代测定时,也发现了原子弹的影响。使用传统方法和 AMS 方法对全新世晚期河道沉积中的原子弹污染进行比较,发现受原子弹影响的河床与已测定年代的河床并存,后者得出的年代标准偏差很小。胭脂河集水区主要冰川地段上的冲积层虽然很少见,但却发现了一个 Ahbk 地层的括号式 AMS 年龄,相对于以前获得的常规 14C 年龄,它改进了风化时间。受炸弹影响的沉积物似乎不同程度地分布在洪泛平原土壤和冲积地段的地面土壤中。大量流失的沉积物的 AMS 14C 年龄分布在过去几个世纪中,似乎与小冰河时期(LIA)的气候变化有关,花粉记录也证实了这一点。此外,这些经 AMS-14C 测定年代的岩床还校准了前半个千年风化时间中次生铁-铝氧化物的风化情况。
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引用次数: 0
ADVANCING ANTARCTIC SEDIMENT CHRONOLOGY THROUGH COMBINED RAMPED PYROLYSIS OXIDATION AND PYROLYSIS-GC-MS 通过热解氧化和热解-气相色谱-质谱联用技术推进南极沉积物年代学研究
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.116
Catherine E Ginnane, Jocelyn C Turnbull, Sebastian Naeher, Brad E Rosenheim, Ryan A Venturelli, Andy M Phillips, Simon Reeve, Jeremy Parry-Thompson, Albert Zondervan, Richard H Levy, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Gavin Dunbar, Theo Calkin, Carlota Escutia, Julia Gutierrez Pastor
Radiocarbon (14C) dating of sediment deposition around Antarctica is often challenging due to heterogeneity in sources and ages of organic carbon in the sediment. Chemical and thermochemical techniques have been used to separate organic carbon when microfossils are not present. These techniques generally improve on bulk sediment dates, but they necessitate assumptions about the age spectra of specific molecules or compound classes and about the chemical heterogeneity of thermochemical separations. To address this, the Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory has established parallel ramped pyrolysis oxidation (RPO) and ramped pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) systems to thermochemically separate distinct carbon fractions, diagnose the chemical composition of each fraction, and target suitable RPO fractions for radiocarbon dating. Three case studies of sediment taken from locations around Antarctica are presented to demonstrate the implementation of combined RPO-AMS and Py-GC-MS to provide more robust age determination in detrital sediment stratigraphy. These three depositional environments are good examples of analytical and interpretive challenges related to oceanographic conditions, carbon sources, and other factors. Using parallel RPO-AMS and Py-GC-MS analyses, we reduce the number of radiocarbon measurements required, minimize run times, provide context for unexpected 14C ages, and better support interpretations of radiocarbon measurements in the context of environmental reconstruction.
由于沉积物中有机碳的来源和年龄存在差异,对南极洲周围沉积物的放射性碳(14C)年代测定往往具有挑战性。在没有微化石存在的情况下,人们使用化学和热化学技术来分离有机碳。这些技术一般都能改进大量沉积物的年代,但它们必须对特定分子或化合物类别的年代谱以及热化学分离的化学异质性作出假设。为了解决这个问题,拉夫特放射性碳实验室建立了平行的斜坡式热解氧化(RPO)和斜坡式热解-气相色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)系统,对不同的碳组分进行热化学分离,诊断每个组分的化学成分,并将合适的 RPO 部分作为放射性碳年代测定的目标。本文介绍了对南极洲周边地区沉积物的三个案例研究,展示了如何结合 RPO-AMS 和 Py-GC-MS,在碎屑沉积地层中提供更可靠的年龄测定。这三种沉积环境很好地说明了与海洋条件、碳源和其他因素有关的分析和解释挑战。利用并行的 RPO-AMS 和 Py-GC-MS 分析,我们减少了所需的放射性碳测量次数,最大限度地缩短了运行时间,为意外的 14C 年龄提供了背景信息,并更好地支持了在环境重建背景下对放射性碳测量结果的解释。
{"title":"ADVANCING ANTARCTIC SEDIMENT CHRONOLOGY THROUGH COMBINED RAMPED PYROLYSIS OXIDATION AND PYROLYSIS-GC-MS","authors":"Catherine E Ginnane, Jocelyn C Turnbull, Sebastian Naeher, Brad E Rosenheim, Ryan A Venturelli, Andy M Phillips, Simon Reeve, Jeremy Parry-Thompson, Albert Zondervan, Richard H Levy, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Gavin Dunbar, Theo Calkin, Carlota Escutia, Julia Gutierrez Pastor","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.116","url":null,"abstract":"Radiocarbon (<jats:sup>14</jats:sup>C) dating of sediment deposition around Antarctica is often challenging due to heterogeneity in sources and ages of organic carbon in the sediment. Chemical and thermochemical techniques have been used to separate organic carbon when microfossils are not present. These techniques generally improve on bulk sediment dates, but they necessitate assumptions about the age spectra of specific molecules or compound classes and about the chemical heterogeneity of thermochemical separations. To address this, the Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory has established parallel ramped pyrolysis oxidation (RPO) and ramped pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) systems to thermochemically separate distinct carbon fractions, diagnose the chemical composition of each fraction, and target suitable RPO fractions for radiocarbon dating. Three case studies of sediment taken from locations around Antarctica are presented to demonstrate the implementation of combined RPO-AMS and Py-GC-MS to provide more robust age determination in detrital sediment stratigraphy. These three depositional environments are good examples of analytical and interpretive challenges related to oceanographic conditions, carbon sources, and other factors. Using parallel RPO-AMS and Py-GC-MS analyses, we reduce the number of radiocarbon measurements required, minimize run times, provide context for unexpected <jats:sup>14</jats:sup>C ages, and better support interpretations of radiocarbon measurements in the context of environmental reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RADIOCARBON AND URANIUM PROFILES IN MARINE GASTROPODS AROUND THE JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO 日本列岛周围海洋腹足类动物的放射性碳和铀剖面图
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.122
Shoko Hirabayashi, Takahiro Aze, Yosuke Miyairi, Hironobu Kan, Yusuke Yokoyama
In this study, we investigate the distribution of radiocarbon and uranium in the calcified opercula of Turbo sp. collected from Ryukyu region and Chiba, Japan, to explore the potential of U/Th dating using mollusks collected from the Japanese archipelago. We acquired high-resolution radiocarbon and uranium concentration measurements using single-stage accelerator mass spectrometry and laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry. Our results show that uranium in the opercula of modern Turbo sp. is unevenly distributed at concentrations 1000 times less than those in coral skeletons. Radiocarbon found in the calcified opercula samples record ambient seawater radiocarbon values as well as coral skeletons. Uranium in the calcified opercula of Holocene Turbo marmoratus were also unevenly distributed and concentrated within the opercula in a different manner than observed in modern samples, suggesting uranium exchange after death. Our results suggest variable uptake of uranium isotopes into mollusk shells and highlights the need for rigorous sample selection criteria when choosing mollusks species for U/Th dating around Japan.
在这项研究中,我们调查了从日本琉球地区和千叶县采集的 Turbo sp.钙化厣中放射性碳和铀的分布情况,以探索利用从日本列岛采集的软体动物进行 U/Th 测定的潜力。我们使用单级加速器质谱法和激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法获得了高分辨率的放射性碳和铀浓度测量结果。结果表明,现代 Turbo sp.厣中的铀分布不均,其浓度比珊瑚骨骼中的浓度低 1000 倍。在钙化厣样本中发现的放射性碳与珊瑚骨骼一样,都记录了周围海水的放射性碳值。全新世 Turbo marmoratus 的钙化厣中铀的分布也不均匀,而且集中在厣内的方式与在现代样本中观察到的不同,这表明死后进行了铀交换。我们的研究结果表明,软体动物贝壳对铀同位素的吸收是可变的,并强调了在日本各地选择软体动物物种进行 U/Th 测定时需要严格的样本选择标准。
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引用次数: 0
14C PREPARATION PROTOCOLS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SAMPLES AT THE LMC14, SACLAY, FRANCE 14C 法国萨克雷 LMC14 考古样本制备规程
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.119
J-P Dumoulin, C Moreau, E Delqué-Količ, I Caffy, D Farcage, C Goulas, S Hain, M Perron, A Semerok, M Sieudat, B Thellier, L Beck
The Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14 (LMC14) has operated a radiocarbon dating laboratory for almost twenty years with ARTEMIS, the Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) based on a NEC 9SDH-2 Pelletron tandem accelerator. A first status report describing the chemical pretreatment methods was published in 2017 (Dumoulin et al. 2017). This article summarizes updates of the routine procedures and presents new protocols. The quality checks in place at the LMC14 and results obtained for the GIRI international inter-comparison are reported. New protocols developed by the laboratory over the last five years are described with the preparation of iron, lead white, cellulose, calcium oxalate, and mortar. This report also provides a summary of practical information for sample preparation and can help the laboratory users who provide samples and publish results to better understand all the work behind a 14C dating.
碳14测量实验室(LMC14)的放射性碳年代测定实验室已经运行了近二十年,该实验室拥有基于NEC 9SDH-2 Pelletron串联加速器的加速器质谱仪(AMS)--ARTEMIS。2017 年发布了介绍化学预处理方法的第一份现状报告(Dumoulin 等人,2017 年)。本文总结了常规程序的更新,并介绍了新的协议。报告了在 LMC14 进行的质量检查以及在 GIRI 国际相互比较中获得的结果。介绍了实验室在过去五年中制定的新规程,包括铁、铅白、纤维素、草酸钙和灰浆的制备。本报告还总结了样品制备的实用信息,有助于提供样品和公布结果的实验室用户更好地了解 14C 测定背后的所有工作。
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引用次数: 0
“APPROXIMATE” WIGGLE-MATCH DATING APPLIED TO EARLY AMERICAN MUSEUM OBJECTS 应用于美国早期博物馆藏品的 "近似 "触发匹配年代测定法
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.127
Carla S Hadden, Katharine G Napora, Brent W Tharp
Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences is particularly promising for achieving high-resolution dating across periods with reversals and plateaus in the calibration curve, such as the entire post-Columbian period of North American history. Here we describe a modified procedure for wiggle-match dating that facilitates precise dating of wooden museum objects while minimizing damage due to destructive sampling. We present two case studies, a dugout canoe and wooden trough, both expected to date to the 18th–19th century. (1) Tree rings were counted and sampled for dating from exposed, rough cross-sections in the wood, with no or minimal surface preparation, to preserve these fragile objects; (2) dating focused on the innermost and outermost portions of the sequences; and (3) due to the crude counting and sampling procedures, the wiggle-match was approximated using a simple ordered Sequence, with gaps defined as Intervals. In both cases, the outermost rings were dated with precision of 30 years or better, demonstrating the potential of wiggle-match dating for post-European Contact canoes and other similar objects.
树环序列的扭摆匹配测年法特别适用于在校准曲线出现逆转和高原的时期(如北美历史的整个后哥伦布时期)实现高分辨率测年。在此,我们介绍了一种经过改进的摆动匹配年代测定程序,该程序有助于对木质博物馆物品进行精确的年代测定,同时将破坏性取样造成的损害降至最低。我们介绍了两个案例研究,一个是独木舟,另一个是木槽,预计年代均为 18-19 世纪。(1) 为了保护这些易碎的物品,我们在没有或仅有极少表面处理的情况下,从裸露的、粗糙的木材横截面上对树年轮进行了计数和取样,以确定其年代;(2) 测定年代的重点是序列的最内侧和最外侧部分;(3) 由于计数和取样程序粗糙,我们使用简单的有序序列来近似地确定摇摆匹配,并将间隙定义为区间。在这两种情况下,最外圈的年代精度都达到了 30 年或更高,这证明了对欧洲接触后独木舟和其他类似物品进行摇摆匹配年代测定的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
14C IN TREE RINGS IN THE VICINITY OF THE RBMK REACTOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT RBMK 反应堆核电站附近树木年轮中的 14c
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.125
Evgeniy I Nazarov, Alexander V Kruzhalov, Maxim E Vasyanovich, Alexey A Ekidin, Maria D Pyshkina, Vladimir V Kukarskikh, Ekaterina V Parkhomchuk
The paper presents the results of radiocarbon (14C) concentration measurements in tree rings in the vicinity of Kursk NPP (Russia) with four operating RBMK reactors. The sampling was carried out from the site with the highest expected accumulation of radiocarbon in vegetation. The site was determined with long-term meteorological data. The measurements of 14C concentration carried out with accelerator-mass spectrometer in Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia. The obtained results demonstrated the influence of exploitation of Kursk NPP to the concentration of 14C in tree rings. Based on the equilibrium between the 14C ratio in the tree rings and the surrounding air, retrospective estimates of the radiocarbon discharge and effective doses were made. Effective doses were calculated with two approaches: IAEA methodology and less conservative approach, considering the real food consumption in the Kursk region. The values of calculated doses by the second method (0.08–2.58 μSv) are more than 2 times less than IAEA approach (0.17–5.30 μSv). The highest difference between measured and background 14C in tree ring is 41.7 ± 5.8 pMC in 2014 during the restoration of graphite stack. The main contribution to 14С exposure in the considering period is caused by background – from 70 to 99%.
本文介绍了库尔斯克核电厂(俄罗斯)附近树木年轮中放射性碳(14C)浓度的测量结果,该核电厂有四个运行中的 RBMK 反应堆。采样是在植被中放射性碳预期积累量最高的地点进行的。该地点是根据长期气象数据确定的。俄罗斯新西伯利亚布德克核物理研究所的加速器质谱仪对 14C 浓度进行了测量。结果表明,库尔斯克核电厂的开采对树木年轮中的 14C 浓度产生了影响。根据树木年轮和周围空气中 14C 比率之间的平衡,对放射性碳排放和有效剂量进行了回顾性估算。有效剂量有两种计算方法:一种是国际原子能机构(IAEA)的方法,另一种是考虑到库尔斯克地区实际食物消耗量的不太保守的方法。第二种方法计算出的剂量值(0.08-2.58 μSv)比国际原子能机构方法(0.17-5.30 μSv)低 2 倍多。树环中 14C 测量值与背景值的最大差值为 41.7 ± 5.8 pMC(2014 年石墨堆修复期间)。在考虑期间,14С 暴露的主要原因是本底--从 70% 到 99%。
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引用次数: 0
CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING ON A CALIBRATION PLATEAU: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE DUTCH WETLANDS 校准高原上的年代模型:对荷兰湿地农业出现的影响
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.126
Merita Dreshaj, Daan Raemaekers, Michael Dee

Short-duration archeological sites situated entirely within plateaus in the radiocarbon calibration curve pose unique challenges for our understanding of past processes at regional and global scales. This paper aims to overcome these limitations by leveraging the specific characteristics of two depositional contexts, the Early Neolithic Swifterbant Culture sites S3 and S4, located in the Dutch wetlands. These sites are of exceptional significance as they provide the earliest conclusive evidence of crop cultivation and animal husbandry outside the expansion of Linearbandkeramik (LBK) farmers in north-western Europe. Here, we present a customized approach that combines radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling, predicated on vertical sequences of short-lived plant remains. Our innovative approach enables us to determine, at a fine scale, the temporal position and duration of the prominent archeological contexts at S3 and S4, and explore the chronological relationship between the two sites. Through our analysis, we propose a new chronology for the onset of Neolithization in the Dutch wetlands.

时间短的考古遗址完全位于放射性碳校准曲线的高原上,这对我们了解区域和全球范围内的过去过程提出了独特的挑战。本文旨在利用位于荷兰湿地的新石器时代早期斯威夫特班特文化遗址 S3 和 S4 这两个沉积背景的特殊性来克服这些局限性。这些遗址具有非凡的意义,因为它们提供了在欧洲西北部Linearbandkeramik(LBK)农民扩张之外最早的作物栽培和畜牧业的确凿证据。在这里,我们提出了一种结合放射性碳测年和贝叶斯建模的定制方法,其前提是短寿命植物遗骸的垂直序列。我们的创新方法使我们能够在精细的尺度上确定 S3 和 S4 遗址突出考古背景的时间位置和持续时间,并探索这两个遗址之间的年代关系。通过分析,我们为荷兰湿地新石器时代的到来提出了一个新的年代学。
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Radiocarbon
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