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RECONSTRUCTING THE CHRONOLOGY OF BUILDING THE SOUTHWEST CHURCH OF UMM EL-JIMAL, JORDAN BY AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF MORTAR AND PLASTER 通过对砂浆和灰泥的 ams 放射性碳年代测定,重建约旦乌姆-吉玛尔西南教堂的建造年代学
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.11
Khaled Al-Bashaireh
The research aims to reconstruct the chronology of building the Southwest Church, Umm el-Jimal, Jordan by AMS radiocarbon dating organic inclusions uncovered from the mortars collected from the floor of the church, seat of the apse and the base of the north wall. It sheds light on the major aspects of mortar recipes at the time of their production. Samples were examined macroscopically with magnifying lenses and characterized using archaeometric techniques of optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The radiocarbon dates showed that 594–643 AD is the most probable age for flooring and plastering the church and 995–1154 AD is the earliest possible date for its final collapse. The preparatory layers of the church floor were laid on an older one, probably of a yard, and its north wall was raised on an older base, both most probably date to the late fifth–early sixth century AD. The production recipe of the mortars is made from a lime binder and inclusions mainly of organic (charcoal) and inorganic (quartz, grog, volcanics). The mortars have the same recipe regardless their bedding and jointing functions which remained unchanged during the building stages of church complex.
这项研究旨在通过对从教堂地面、天顶和北墙基座采集的灰泥中发现的有机夹杂物进行 AMS 放射性碳测年,重建约旦乌姆吉马尔西南教堂的建造年代。它揭示了当时灰泥配方的主要方面。用放大镜对样品进行了宏观检查,并使用光学显微镜和 X 射线衍射考古技术对样品进行了鉴定。放射性碳年代测定结果表明,公元 594-643 年是教堂铺设地板和抹灰的最可能年代,而公元 995-1154 年则是教堂最终倒塌的最早可能年代。教堂地面的预备层铺设在一个较旧的地面上,可能是一个院子的地面,教堂的北墙是在一个较旧的基座上加高的,两者都很可能是公元五世纪末至六世纪初的作品。灰泥的制作配方是由石灰粘合剂和主要由有机物(木炭)和无机物(石英、格罗格、火山岩)组成的夹杂物。灰泥的配方相同,但其垫层和连接功能在教堂建筑群的建造阶段保持不变。
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引用次数: 0
MERIDIONAL MIGRATIONS OF THE INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE DURING THE LAST DEGLACIATION IN THE TIMOR SEA DETECTED BY EXTENSIVE RADIOCARBON DATING 通过大范围放射性碳年代测定发现的帝汶海最后一次脱冰期热带辐合带的经向迁移
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.13
Karin Nemoto, Yusuke Yokoyama, Satoshi Horiike, Stephen P Obrochta, Yosuke Miyairi
At the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the northern and southern Tradewinds converge, and this region is characterized by low atmospheric pressure and high precipitation. The climate in the Timor Sea is characterized by seasonal precipitation changes driven by meridional migrations of the ITCZ and the monsoonal front. The ITCZ shifts in response to changes in the thermal balance between the northern and southern hemispheres. Thus, reconstruction of paleo-precipitation in the Timor Sea is expected to reveal past changes in both regional and global climate, the latter through inference of the ITCZ position. To reconstruct paleo-precipitation in the Timor Sea, we performed extensive radiocarbon analysis on both planktonic foraminifera and total organic carbon (TOC), which is derived from terrestrial and marine sources. Increased precipitation enhances the fraction of relatively old, terrestrial carbon to the core site, which in turn increases the difference between the ages of TOC and planktonic foraminifera. Variations in radiocarbon ages reveal that during northern hemisphere cooling intervals such as Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas, the ITCZ was in a southern position, thus increasing precipitation in the Timor Sea. However, the Timor Sea was dryer during the Bølling–Allerød warming as the ITCZ shifted northward.
在热带辐合带(ITCZ),南北贸易风汇合,该地区的特点是气压低、降水量大。帝汶海的气候特点是,受 ITCZ 和季风前线经向移动的影响,降水量会发生季节性变化。ITCZ 随南北半球热平衡的变化而移动。因此,帝汶海古降水的重建有望揭示过去区域和全球气候的变化,后者是通过推断ITCZ的位置来实现的。为了重建帝汶海的古降水量,我们对浮游有孔虫和总有机碳(TOC)进行了广泛的放射性碳分析。降水量的增加增加了流向岩心地点的相对古老的陆地碳的比例,这反过来又增加了 TOC 和浮游有孔虫年龄之间的差异。放射性碳年龄的变化显示,在北半球变冷时期(如海因里希中冰期 1 和少干期),ITCZ 处于南半球位置,从而增加了帝汶海的降水量。然而,在博林-阿勒罗德气候变暖期间,由于 ITCZ 北移,帝汶海更加干燥。
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引用次数: 0
HISTORIC LIME MORTARS COMPOSITION AND TERMINOLOGY FOR RADIOCARBON DATING—CASE STUDIES BASED ON THIN-SECTION PETROGRAPHY AND CATHODOLUMINESCENCE 用于放射性碳年代测定的历史石灰砂浆成分和术语--基于薄片岩相和阴极射线的案例研究
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.14
Marine Wojcieszak, Laurent Fontaine, Jan Elsen, Roald Hayen, Alexander Lehouck, Mathieu Boudin
Since the first developments of anthropogenic lime materials radiocarbon (14C) dating in the 1960s, numerous studies have been undertaken and developed to investigate the topic further. Historic mortars are complex composite and open system materials that can incorporate a large range of components. Due to the complexity of the historic lime mortars composition, they are not part of a routine protocol in most radiocarbon laboratories and reliable dating is not always achieved. A thorough characterization needs to be performed and different preparation methods can be considered as a function of their compositions. A vast range of terms are employed to qualify the lime mortars components and alterations that can possibly have an influence on the dating result. Here, a detailed description of these components and the various terms used is listed. To illustrate this, images obtained by thin-section petrography and cathodoluminescence are presented in addition to radiocarbon results using stepwise acid hydrolysis on Belgian mortars having different provenance, state, age and composition. Depending on the type of aggregate used, the type of binder and its conservation state, the eventual presence of weathering carbonates and the assumed speed of the carbonation process, the reliability of radiocarbon measurements using the stepwise acid hydrolysis technique is discussed and confronted with presumed historical constraints.
自 20 世纪 60 年代首次对人为石灰材料进行放射性碳(14C)测年以来,已经开展和发展了许多研究来进一步调查这一主题。历史灰泥是复杂的复合开放系统材料,可以包含多种成分。由于历史石灰砂浆成分的复杂性,它们并不属于大多数放射性碳实验室的常规程序,因此并不总能进行可靠的年代测定。需要对其进行彻底的特征描述,并根据其成分考虑不同的制备方法。石灰砂浆的成分和变化可能会对测年结果产生影响,因此我们使用了大量的术语来描述这些成分和变化。这里列出了这些成分和各种术语的详细说明。为了说明这一点,除了对不同来源、状态、年代和成分的比利时灰泥使用逐步酸水解法进行放射性碳测定的结果外,还介绍了通过薄片岩相学和阴极发光法获得的图像。根据所使用骨料的类型、粘结剂的类型及其保存状态、风化碳酸盐的最终存在以及碳化过程的假定速度,讨论了使用分步酸水解技术进行放射性碳测量的可靠性,并将其与假定的历史制约因素相比较。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATING THE TIMING OF EARLY VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN NEW YORK: MORE DATES FROM CLASSIC NEW YORK SITES 评估纽约早期村庄发展的时间:更多纽约经典遗址的年代数据
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.10
Jennifer Birch, Sturt W Manning, John P Hart, Brita Lorentzen
Five sites in present-day New York have played important roles in archaeological narratives surrounding the development of settled village life in northeastern North America. Excavated in the mid-twentieth century, the Roundtop, Maxon-Derby, Sackett or Canandaigua, Bates, and Kelso sites include evidence related to the transition from semisedentary settlement-subsistence patterns during the twelfth through fourteenth centuries AD to those associated with fifteenth century and later settled Iroquoian villagers. Radiocarbon dates for each site were obtained early in the development of the method and again following the transition to AMS dating. Here, we present new or recently-published dates for these sites, combined with reliable existing dates in Bayesian models, including in some cases short tree-ring sequenced wiggle-matches on wood charcoal. Our results clarify the timing of each site’s occupation(s), revealing both continuity and discontinuity in the development of longhouse dwellings, sedentism, and the repeated re-use of some site locations over hundreds of years.
在围绕北美东北部定居村落生活发展的考古叙事中,现今纽约的五个遗址发挥了重要作用。圆顶遗址、马克森-德比遗址、萨基特遗址或卡南迪瓜遗址、贝茨遗址和凯尔索遗址于 20 世纪中期被发掘,其中包括了从公元 12 世纪到 14 世纪的半固定定居-生存模式向 15 世纪及以后的伊洛魁定居村民生活模式过渡的相关证据。每个遗址的放射性碳年代都是在该方法开发初期获得的,并在过渡到 AMS 年代测定后再次获得。在此,我们提出了这些遗址新的或最近公布的年代,并结合贝叶斯模型中可靠的现有年代,包括某些情况下木炭上的短树环测序扭摆匹配。我们的研究结果澄清了每个遗址被占领的时间,揭示了长屋住宅发展、定居以及数百年来重复使用某些遗址地点的连续性和不连续性。
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引用次数: 0
COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF BINP AMS AND MICADAS FACILITIES WORKING AT AMS GOLDEN VALLEY, RUSSIA 在俄罗斯金谷国际机场工作的 binp ams 和 micadas 设施的比较特点
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.4
A V Petrozhitskiy, E V Parkhomchuk, M M Ignatov, D V Kuleshov, L A Kutnyakova, E S Konstantinov, V V Parkhomchuk
The AMS Golden Valley radiocarbon analysis laboratory is equipped with two accelerator mass spectrometers: AMS facility from Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP AMS) and MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS-28) from Ionplus AG and two graphitization systems: Automated Graphitization Equipment (AGE-3) from Ionplus AG and Absorption-catalytic setup developed in Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (ACS BIC). The laboratory provides routine 14C analyses of various samples: collagen, cellulose, humic acids, carbonates from sediments, etc. The main focus of the laboratory is to determine the age of archaeological artifacts by radiocarbon dating. This work presents a comprehensive description of the BINP AMS facility, with its operation compared with that of MICADAS in the same laboratory. In 2022, the AMS Golden Valley laboratory participated for the first time in the Glasgow International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (GIRI). The samples were graphitized on the AGE-3 and subsequently measured in both AMS facilities. A comparison of the results of the two series of experiments, namely AGE-3 + MICADAS-28 and AGE-3 + BINP AMS, is given.
AMS 黄金谷放射性碳分析实验室配备了两台加速器质谱仪:布德克核物理研究所(BINP AMS)的 AMS 设备和 Ionplus AG 的 MIni CArbon DAting 系统(MICADAS-28)以及两套石墨化系统:自动石墨化设备(AGE-3)和博雷斯科夫催化研究所(ACS BIC)开发的吸收催化装置。实验室提供各种样品的常规 14C 分析:胶原蛋白、纤维素、腐殖酸、沉积物中的碳酸盐等。实验室的主要工作是通过放射性碳测年确定考古文物的年代。这项工作全面介绍了 BINP 的 AMS 设备,并将其运行情况与同一实验室的 MICADAS 进行了比较。2022 年,金谷 AMS 实验室首次参加了格拉斯哥国际放射性碳相互比较(GIRI)。样品在 AGE-3 上进行了石墨化,随后在 AMS 的两个设施中进行了测量。对 AGE-3 + MICADAS-28 和 AGE-3 + BINP AMS 这两个系列的实验结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
14C MEASUREMENT OF SAMPLES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE APPLICATIONS AT THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPE FACILITY (NEIF) RADIOCARBON LABORATORY, SUERC, UK 14c 在英国苏黎世国家环境同位素设施(NEIF)放射性碳实验室测量环境科学应用样品
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.9
P Ascough, N Bompard, M H Garnett, P Gulliver, C Murray, J-A Newton, C Taylor
The National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF) Radiocarbon Laboratory at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) performs radiocarbon measurement of a wide range of sample matrices for applications in environmental research. Radiocarbon is applied to palaeoenvironmental, palaeoceanographic, and palaeoclimatic investigations, as well as work to understand the source, fate, turnover, and age of carbon in the modern carbon cycle. The NEIF Radiocarbon Laboratory supports users in the development and deployment of novel sampling techniques and laboratory approaches. Here, we give an overview of methods and procedures used by the laboratory to support the field collection, laboratory processing, and measurement of samples. This includes in-house development of novel and/or specialized methods and approaches, such as field collection of CO2 and CH4, hydropyrolysis, and ramped oxidation. The sample types covered include organic remains (e.g., plant material, peat, wood, charcoal, proteins), carbonates (e.g., speleothems, foraminifera, mollusc shell, travertine), waters (dissolved organic and inorganic carbon), gases (CO2 and CH4), soils and sediments (including sub-fractions).
苏格兰大学环境研究中心(SUERC)的国家环境同位素设施(NEIF)放射性碳实验室(NEIF Radiocarbon Laboratory)对环境研究中应用的各种样品基质进行放射性碳测量。放射性碳应用于古环境、古海洋学和古气候调查,以及了解现代碳循环中碳的来源、去向、周转和年龄的工作。NEIF 放射性碳实验室支持用户开发和部署新型采样技术和实验室方法。在此,我们将概述实验室用于支持野外采集、实验室处理和样品测量的方法和程序。其中包括内部开发的新型和/或专门方法和途径,如现场采集二氧化碳和甲烷、水热解和斜坡氧化。涵盖的样品类型包括有机残骸(如植物材料、泥炭、木材、木炭、蛋白质)、碳酸盐(如岩浆、有孔虫、软体动物外壳、石灰华)、水(溶解的有机碳和无机碳)、气体(二氧化碳和甲烷)、土壤和沉积物(包括亚组分)。
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引用次数: 0
CARBON ISOTOPE CHANGES THROUGH THE RECENT PAST: F14C AND δ13C VALUES IN SINGLE BARLEY GRAIN FROM 1852 TO 2020 近代以来的碳同位素变化:1852 年至 2020 年单粒大麦的 F14C 和 δ13C 值
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.8
E Dunbar, E M Scott, B G Tripney
Radiocarbon (F14C) and stable carbon (δ13C) values were measured in single grains of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from the sample archive from two adjacent sites of the Long-term Experiments (LTEs) Hoosfield Spring Barley at Rothamsted Research (Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK), covering the growing periods (March to September) of 1852 to 2020. F14C data of the barley grain confirm that recent values are approaching and will decline below the “nominal” F14C value of 1, tracking a similar decrease reported in other studies. Importantly, the measured δ13C values reveal a different temporal decline over the pre-bomb and post-bomb timescale. Detailed statistical analysis of δ13C data along with δ13C analysis of independent, archived barley mash samples, verifies and quantifies the extent and rate of this decline. Evidence presented from the barley grain and barley mash samples suggests a clear breakpoint in δ13C data occurring in 1995, where the rate of change alters, in that the slope in δ13C data for the pre-1995 period is declining at 1.4‰ per century, and the slope in δ13C for the post-1995 period is declining at 3.6‰ per century. Such a consistent shift in δ13C data could be used with F14C values to extend the use of the bomb peak for forensic, ecological, and environmental applications.
从罗斯姆斯泰德研究所(英国赫特福德郡哈彭登)长期实验(LTEs)胡斯菲尔德春大麦(Hoosfield Spring Barley)两个相邻地点的样本档案中测量了春大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)单粒的放射性碳(F14C)和稳定碳(δ13C)值,涵盖 1852 年至 2020 年的生长期(3 月至 9 月)。大麦谷物的 F14C 数据证实,最近的数值正在接近并将下降到 1 的 "名义 "F14C 值以下,这与其他研究中报告的类似下降趋势一致。重要的是,测得的δ13C 值显示,在原子弹爆炸前和爆炸后的时间尺度上,下降的时间有所不同。对 δ13C 数据的详细统计分析,以及对独立存档的大麦醪样品进行的 δ13C 分析,验证并量化了这种下降的程度和速度。从大麦谷物和大麦醪样品中获得的证据表明,δ13C 数据在 1995 年出现了一个明显的断点,在这个断点上,变化率发生了变化,即 1995 年之前的δ13C 数据斜率以每百年 1.4‰的速度下降,而 1995 年之后的δ13C 数据斜率以每百年 3.6‰的速度下降。δ13C数据的这种一致变化可与F14C值一起用于扩大炸弹峰在法医、生态和环境方面的应用。
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引用次数: 0
SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS ON THE APPEARANCE OF THE FIRST TRAPEZE INDUSTRIES IN THE LATE MESOLITHIC OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA 伊比利亚半岛中石器时代晚期出现第一批梯形工业的时空模式
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.6
Magdalena Gómez-Puche, Javier Fernández-López de Pablo
The spread of trapeze industries (the creation of trapeze-shaped flint tips) during Late Mesolithic is one of the most disruptive phenomena of technological change documented in the European Prehistory. Understanding the chronological patterns of this process requires (i) a critical evaluation of stratigraphic relationship between trapeze assemblages and radiocarbon samples, and (ii) considering different levels of chronological uncertainty according to the inbuilt age of the samples and the calibration process. In this paper, we critically evaluate and analyze the radiocarbon record of the first trapeze industries in the Iberian Peninsula. A dataset of 181 radiocarbon dates from 67 sites dated to 8800–8200 cal BP was collected and evaluated following a strict data quality control protocol, from which 135 dates of 53 sites were retained and classified according to a reliability index. Then, three different phase Bayesian chronological models were created to estimate the duration of the first spread of trapezes across Iberia, considering different levels of chrono-stratigraphic resolution. We find that trapeze industries appeared in the eastern half of Iberia, over an area of 330,000 km2 between 8505–8390 and 8425–8338 cal BP, spanning 0–85 yr (95.4% CI). When the oldest evidence of trapezes from Portugal are considered, the probability distribution expands (8943–8457 and 8686–7688 cal BP), due to the chronological uncertainty of human samples with marine diet and regional ΔR values applied. For the eastern half of Iberia, the current evidence indicates a very rapid spread of trapeze industries initiated in the Central-Western Pyrenees, suggesting cultural diffusion within Mesolithic social networks as the main driving mechanism.
中石器时代晚期梯形工业(创造梯形燧石尖)的传播是欧洲史前史中记载的最具破坏性的技术变革现象之一。要了解这一过程的年代模式,需要(i)对梯形燧石组合与放射性碳样本之间的地层关系进行批判性评估,以及(ii)根据样本的内在年龄和校准过程考虑不同程度的年代不确定性。在本文中,我们对伊比利亚半岛最早的梯形器工业的放射性碳记录进行了批判性评估和分析。我们从 67 个遗址中收集了 181 个放射性碳年代数据集,其年代为公元前 8800-8200 年,并按照严格的数据质量控制程序进行了评估,从中保留了 53 个遗址的 135 个年代数据,并根据可靠性指数进行了分类。然后,根据不同的年代地层分辨率,建立了三个不同的贝叶斯年代学模型,以估算梯纹在伊比利亚首次传播的时间。我们发现,在公元前 8505-8390 年和 8425-8338 年之间,梯纹工业出现在伊比利亚的东半部,面积达 33 万平方公里,时间跨度为 0-85 年(95.4% CI)。当考虑到葡萄牙最古老的绳索证据时,概率分布扩大了(公元前 8943-8457 年和公元前 8686-7688 年),这是由于人类样本的年代不确定性与海洋饮食和区域ΔR 值的应用造成的。就伊比利亚的东半部而言,目前的证据表明,从比利牛斯山脉中西部开始,绳索业的传播速度非常快,这表明中石器时代社会网络中的文化传播是主要的驱动机制。
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引用次数: 0
SAMPLE SELECTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CHOICE OF TREATMENT FOR ACCURATE RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS—INSIGHTS FROM THE ETH LABORATORY 为进行准确的放射性碳分析而进行的样品选择、特征描述和处理方法选择--Eth 实验室的见解
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.12
Irka Hajdas, Giulia Guidobaldi, Negar Haghipour, Karin Wyss
Accurate radiocarbon (14C) analysis depends on a successful carbon separation relevant to the studied object. The process of 14C dating involves the following steps: characterization and sample choice, sample treatment, measurements, and evaluation of the results. Here, we provide an overview of conventional approaches to macromolecular samples and address specific issues such as detecting and removing contamination with roots, dolomite, and conservation products. We discuss the application of elemental analysis (%N, %C) in the preparation of bones and the infrared analysis in monitoring the contamination of samples. Our observations provide the basis for the discussions of the existing results and for planning the future sampling.
准确的放射性碳(14C)分析取决于与研究对象相关的碳分离是否成功。14C 测定的过程包括以下步骤:特征描述和样品选择、样品处理、测量和结果评估。在此,我们概述了处理大分子样品的常规方法,并讨论了检测和去除树根、白云石和保存产品污染等具体问题。我们讨论了元素分析(%N、%C)在骨骼制备中的应用以及红外分析在监测样本污染中的应用。我们的观察结果为讨论现有结果和规划未来采样提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
14C DATING OF HISTORICAL JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT SACKS 日本历史乐器袋的 14 世纪年代测定
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.114
Misao Yokoyama, Minoru Sakamoto, Hikaru Takaya, Kazuyoshi Kanamori
The radiocarbon (14C) dating method was applied to a survey of treasured items related to the ruins of the Imperial Residence in Anou, Nara Prefecture, which was one of the capitals of Japan during the 14th century. In this work, we dated two storage bags for Japanese musical instruments that are believed to be from the period of Emperor Go-Daigo who established the Southern Court. The 14C dating of these treasures proved that the musical instrument sacks are contemporaneous with the dating of the Imperial Residence ruins designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan. In addition, there are limited surviving examples of silk fabrics from the Middle Ages compared to the Ancient and Early Modern periods, making this a valuable resource in the history of silk fabrics in Japan.
日本 14 世纪的首都之一奈良县阿努市的皇居遗址出土了许多珍贵物品,我们采用放射性碳(14C)测年法对这些物品进行了调查。在这项工作中,我们对两个日本乐器储藏袋进行了年代测定,据信这两个储藏袋出自建立南朝的后醍醐天皇时期。这些珍品的 14C 年代测定证明,乐器袋与被指定为日本重要文化遗产的皇居遗址的年代是同时的。此外,与古代和近代早期的丝织品相比,中世纪的丝织品存世量有限,因此这也是日本丝织品历史上的宝贵资源。
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引用次数: 0
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Radiocarbon
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