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THE DATING OF DOLOMITIC MORTARS WITH UNCERTAIN CHRONOLOGY FROM MÜSTAIR MONASTERY: SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION AND COMBINED INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 对穆斯泰尔修道院年代不确定的白云质灰泥的年代测定:样品特征和结果的综合解释
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.107
Marta Caroselli, Irka Hajdas, Patrick Cassitti

To obtain scientific data regarding the chronology of archaeological structures, lime mortar radiocarbon dating has often demonstrated to be a decisive method. However, knowing the specific chemical-mineralogical characteristics of mortars can help when preparing samples or interpreting results. Among other issues, the dating of magnesian mortars can be particularly difficult because of the combined slaking, setting and hardening reactions of the calcium and magnesium phases, typical of these mortars. The formation of numerous mineralogical phases depending on reaction conditions adds further complexity to the dating method, which deserves to be studied with further detail. During the project “Mortar technology and construction history at Müstair Monastery” the first experiments in this regard had yielded encouraging results. An additional 4 samples from buildings with controversial chronology, thought to belong approximately to the 9th, 12th, and 15th centuries, were selected, prepared and radiocarbon dated. The data obtained were discussed by integrating preliminary petrographic characterization analyses of the mortars with archaeological information and excavation records. The results opened up new questions about the chronology of the Monastery, clarified the dating of some buildings and provided a better understanding of the potential and limitations of dating dolomitic mortars coming from archaeological context.

为了获得有关考古结构年代学的科学数据,石灰砂浆放射性碳年代测定法常常被证明是一种决定性的方法。然而,了解灰泥的具体化学矿物学特征有助于制备样本或解释结果。除其他问题外,菱镁砂浆的年代测定尤其困难,因为这些砂浆典型的钙相和镁相会发生联合的沸腾、凝固和硬化反应。根据反应条件形成的多种矿物相进一步增加了测定方法的复杂性,值得进一步详细研究。在 "穆斯泰尔修道院的灰泥技术和建筑历史 "项目期间,这方面的首次实验取得了令人鼓舞的结果。我们又从年代有争议的建筑物中挑选了 4 个样本,认为它们大约属于 9、12 和 15 世纪,并对其进行了制备和放射性碳年代测定。通过将灰泥的初步岩相特征分析与考古信息和发掘记录相结合,对所获得的数据进行了讨论。研究结果提出了有关修道院年代学的新问题,澄清了一些建筑物的年代,并使人们更好地了解了对考古背景下的白云石灰泥进行年代测定的潜力和局限性。
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引用次数: 0
PREPARATION AND HANDLING OF METHANE FOR RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS AT COLOGNEAMS 在科隆进行放射性碳分析时甲烷的制备和处理
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.109
Jan Olaf Melchert, Martina Gwozdz, Merle Gierga, Lukas Wacker, Dennis Mücher, Janet Rethemeyer

CH4 is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and originates from different sources. The use of radiocarbon (14C) analysis of CH4 opens up the possibility to differentiate geological and agricultural origin. At the CologneAMS facility, the demand for 14C analysis of CH4 required the development of a sample handling routine and a vacuum system that converts CH4 to CO2 for direct injection of CO2 into the AMS. We evaluated the processing of CH4 using several series of gas mixtures of 14C-free and modern standards as well as biogas with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 50 µg C. The results revealed a CH4 to CO2 conversion efficiency of 94–97% and blank values comparable to blank values achieved with our routinely used vacuum system for processing CO2 samples. The tests with a near modern CH4:CO2 biogas mixture gave reproducible results with a near modern 14C content of 0.967–1.000 F14C, after applying the background correction.

CH4 是第二大人为温室气体,其来源各不相同。通过对 CH4 进行放射性碳(14C)分析,可以区分地质来源和农业来源。科隆原子吸收光谱仪(AMS)设施需要对 CH4 进行 14C 分析,因此需要开发一套样品处理程序和真空系统,将 CH4 转化为 CO2,直接注入原子吸收光谱仪。结果显示,CH4 到 CO2 的转化效率为 94-97%,空白值与我们常规使用的处理 CO2 样品的真空系统的空白值相当。使用接近现代的 CH4:CO2 生物气混合物进行的测试结果具有可重复性,在应用背景校正后,其 14C 含量接近现代水平,为 0.967-1.000 F14C。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL GEOGENIC CARBON IN MORTARS CONCERNING RADIOCARBON DATING 有关放射性碳年代测定的灰泥中残留地质碳的评估
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.81
Jan Válek, Petr Kozlovcev, Anna Fialová, Kristýna Kotková, Dita Frankeová, Ivo Světlík, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová

Quicklime samples were collected from six vertical layers (L1–L6) of a feedstock calcined in a traditional single-batch wood-fired kiln and assessed. Three samples were well-burned and three under-burned. The quicklime was slaked in an excess of water and the presence of unburned particles was investigated after settling it into putty. The putty was assessed as bulk and also at three depth levels. Thermal analysis determined the CO2 residua in the quicklime samples. Cathodoluminescence detected individual unburned particles and image analysis was used for their quantification. Settling of the putties led to a considerable reduction of geogenic particles in the layers above the bottom. This was also confirmed by the stable isotope analysis. In the case of the putties made from well-burned quicklime, the δ13C values of samples L4 and L5 ranged from –25.5‰ to –20.5‰ VPDB, and the δ18O values ranged from –17.5‰ to –16.5‰ VPDB. The fractionation was likely affected by the division according to the particle size during the sedimentation. The results of the 14C analysis correlate with the quantified percentage of cathodoluminescent particles.

从传统单批柴烧窑中煅烧的原料的六个垂直层(L1-L6)收集生石灰样品并进行评估。其中三个样品焙烧良好,三个焙烧不足。生石灰用过量的水浸泡,沉淀成腻子后调查未燃烧颗粒的存在情况。对腻子进行了散装和三个深度层次的评估。热分析确定了生石灰样品中的二氧化碳残留物。阴极荧光法可检测出单个未燃烧颗粒,并通过图像分析对其进行量化。腻子的沉降导致底部以上各层的地质颗粒大量减少。稳定同位素分析也证实了这一点。在由焙烧良好的生石灰制成的腻子中,样品 L4 和 L5 的 δ13C 值介于-25.5‰至-20.5‰ VPDB 之间,δ18O 值介于-17.5‰至-16.5‰ VPDB 之间。分馏可能受到沉积过程中按粒度划分的影响。14C 分析结果与阴极发光颗粒的量化百分比相关。
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引用次数: 0
RADIOCARBON, BIG DATA AND INTERNATIONAL HERITAGE 放射性碳、大数据和国际遗产
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.111
Seren Griffiths, Lisa Brown, Neil Carlin, Tim Evans, Bisserka Gaydarska, Emma Hannah, Peter McKeague

Radiocarbon data are the most commonly used chronometric measurement technique in archaeology. The introduction of the radiocarbon method offered new potential for independent, internationalized research projects. Today millions of radiocarbon measurements exist globally. However, the many strengths of radiocarbon for research in archaeology have also created an internationally significant challenge in heritage practice. How can we attempt to curate huge volumes of radiocarbon “legacy” data in systematic ways that facilitate interdisciplinary, international research? How can we contend with a dataset that is rapidly scalable, and needs to be kept live—updated, validated, curated, and related to existing national archives and data systems—beyond the timescale of any individual project? In this paper we introduce an international project, “Project Radiocarbon; Big Data, integrated cross-national heritage histories”, working across the historic environment sector in Ireland and the United Kingdom, that is developing a solution to these issues. We argue that we need to think critically about how we classify and curate radiocarbon data, to render them interoperable and findable. Such work requires inter-sector approaches to ensure sustainability and scalability, and to anticipate the increasing value of these data into the future.

放射性碳数据是考古学中最常用的年代测量技术。放射性碳方法的引入为独立的国际化研究项目提供了新的潜力。如今,全球已有数以百万计的放射性碳测量数据。然而,放射性碳在考古学研究中的诸多优势也给遗产实践带来了国际性的重大挑战。我们如何以系统的方式整理大量放射性碳 "遗产 "数据,以促进跨学科的国际研究?我们如何应对一个可快速扩展的数据集,并且需要不断更新、验证、整理,并与现有的国家档案和数据系统相关联--超越任何单个项目的时间尺度?在本文中,我们将介绍一个国际项目--"放射性碳项目;大数据、整合的跨国遗产史",该项目在爱尔兰和英国的历史环境部门开展工作,正在制定解决这些问题的方案。我们认为,我们需要批判性地思考如何对放射性碳数据进行分类和整理,使其具有互操作性和可查找性。这项工作需要跨部门的方法,以确保可持续性和可扩展性,并预测这些数据在未来日益增长的价值。
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引用次数: 0
STABLE ISOTOPE AND RADIOCARBON DATING OF HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM ISLAMIC SETTLEMENT, KHIRBET AL-SHEIKH HUMAID, NABLUS, PALESTINE 巴勒斯坦纳布卢斯 KHIRBET AL-SHEIKH HUMAID 伊斯兰定居点人类骨骼遗骸的稳定同位素和放射性碳年代测定法
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.115
Loay Abu Alsaud, Amer Al-Qobbaj

Khirbet Al-Sheikh Humaid is found 615 m above sea level in the central highlands of Palestine, northwest of the city of Nablus. During rescue excavations carried out at the site, part of a male human skull with a tooth attached was discovered. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating and stable isotope analysis were performed on the tooth at the Hertelendi Laboratory in Debrecen, Hungary. Dating revealed the individual had lived in the time frame 900–1030 AD, which is within the Abbasid period (750–1258 AD). Dietary analysis gave information on the daily life of the inhabitants of the settlement, showing local agriculture provided a diet of legumes and vegetables.

Khirbet Al-Sheikh Humaid 位于纳布卢斯市西北的巴勒斯坦中部高地,海拔 615 米。在对该遗址进行抢救性发掘时,发现了一个附有牙齿的男性头骨的一部分。匈牙利德布勒森 Hertelendi 实验室对这颗牙齿进行了加速器质谱放射性碳(AMS 14C)测年和稳定同位素分析。测年结果显示,这颗牙齿的生活年代为公元 900-1030 年,属于阿拔斯王朝时期(公元 750-1258 年)。饮食分析提供了该定居点居民日常生活的信息,显示当地农业提供豆类和蔬菜饮食。
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引用次数: 0
A UNIVERSAL GAS INTERFACE FOR SIMULTANEOUS 14C AND δ13C MEASUREMENTS 用于 14C 和 δ13C 复合测量的通用气体接口
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.113
Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I Eglinton, Caroline Welte

While simultaneous radiocarbon and δ13C measurements have been available for organic materials (by accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry, IRMS, respectively), this has not been possible for carbonates until now. Using an existing interface for gas ion source AMS measurements, we developed a prototype for a universal gas interface that allows simultaneous measurement of both carbon isotope ratios from potentially any source of CO2. First results obtained from reference materials (IAEA-C6, OxaII, PhA, IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, ETH-4) show that for both organic as well as carbonate samples, the precision of radiocarbon measurements in the coupled mode is comparable to routine standalone AMS measurements. For IRMS δ13C measurements, the performance for different materials shows more variation with precisions ranging from 0.07‰ to 0.47‰. However, both organic materials and carbonates can achieve precisions as good as 0.13‰. Once fully automated, the method shows potential for filling the gap of simultaneous carbon isotope measurements for non-organic materials.

虽然有机材料(分别通过加速器质谱法(AMS)和同位素比质谱法(IRMS))可以同时测量放射性碳和δ13C,但碳酸盐至今还无法实现。利用现有的气体离子源 AMS 测量接口,我们开发了一个通用气体接口原型,可以同时测量任何二氧化碳源的碳同位素比率。从参考材料(IAEA-C6、OxaII、PhA、IAEA-C1、IAEA-C2、ETH-4)中获得的初步结果表明,对于有机物和碳酸盐样品,耦合模式下的放射性碳测量精度与常规的独立 AMS 测量相当。对于 IRMS δ13C 测量,不同材料的性能差异较大,精确度从 0.07‰到 0.47‰不等。不过,有机材料和碳酸盐的精确度都能达到 0.13‰。一旦实现完全自动化,该方法有望填补非有机材料碳同位素同步测量的空白。
{"title":"A UNIVERSAL GAS INTERFACE FOR SIMULTANEOUS 14C AND δ13C MEASUREMENTS","authors":"Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I Eglinton, Caroline Welte","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While simultaneous radiocarbon and δ<span>13</span>C measurements have been available for organic materials (by accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry, IRMS, respectively), this has not been possible for carbonates until now. Using an existing interface for gas ion source AMS measurements, we developed a prototype for a universal gas interface that allows simultaneous measurement of both carbon isotope ratios from potentially any source of CO<span>2</span>. First results obtained from reference materials (IAEA-C6, OxaII, PhA, IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, ETH-4) show that for both organic as well as carbonate samples, the precision of radiocarbon measurements in the coupled mode is comparable to routine standalone AMS measurements. For IRMS δ<span>13</span>C measurements, the performance for different materials shows more variation with precisions ranging from 0.07‰ to 0.47‰. However, both organic materials and carbonates can achieve precisions as good as 0.13‰. Once fully automated, the method shows potential for filling the gap of simultaneous carbon isotope measurements for non-organic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF 14C DATING IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF MISSING PERSONS IN CYPRUS 14C 年代测定在塞浦路斯失踪人员身份鉴定中的作用
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.104
Gianluca Quarta, Theodora Eleftheriou, Istenc Engin, Lucio Maruccio, Marisa D’Elia, Lucio Calcagnile

The Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) is a bicommunal committee with the mandate to locate and identify the skeletal remains of 2002 persons who were reported missing during the inter-communal fighting of 1963–64, as well as the events of July and August 1974. During the periods of conflict, several archaeological sites and old cemeteries were used as primary burial sites, among several other types of burials, as they were easily accessed by the persons involved in the interment and little effort was needed to conceal the bodies. The relatively large post-mortem interval and the generally poor post-mortem preservation of the skeletal remains poses an additional challenge in the forensic examination process and the identification of the remains, particularly in the absence of a context or other associated artifacts/evidence. Between 2016 and 2020, the CMP has been collaborating with CEDAD to clarify the relevancy of several cases by using radiocarbon dating. The CMP submitted 139 cases to CEDAD out of which 112 were determined as not linked to the 1963–64 and 1974 events and then not relevant for the CMP project. For the remaining samples radiocarbon dating was used to determine death age.

塞浦路斯失踪人员调查委员会(CMP)是一个两族委员会,其任务是找到并确认在 1963-64 年两族交战以及 1974 年 7 月和 8 月事件中失踪的 2002 人的遗骸。在冲突期间,一些考古遗址和旧墓地被用作主要埋葬地,还有其他几种类型的埋葬地,因为参与埋葬的人很容易进入这些地方,也不需要费多大力气掩埋尸体。骸骨的死后间隔时间相对较长,且死后保存状况普遍较差,这给法医检验过程和遗骸鉴定带来了额外的挑战,尤其是在没有背景或其他相关文物/证据的情况下。2016 年至 2020 年期间,失踪人员委员会一直在与 CEDAD 合作,利用放射性碳年代测定法澄清若干案件的相关性。CMP 向 CEDAD 提交了 139 个案例,其中 112 个被确定为与 1963-64 年和 1974 年事件无关,因此与 CMP 项目无关。其余的样本则采用放射性碳年代测定法来确定死亡年龄。
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引用次数: 0
A RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY FOR “GROTTE DI PERTOSA” IN CAMPANIA, SOUTHERN ITALY 意大利南部坎帕尼亚 "佩尔托萨石窟 "的放射性碳年代学
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.108
Felice Larocca, Francesco Breglia, Lucio Calcagnile, Marisa D’Elia, Gianluca Quarta

The Pertosa Caves, today also known as the Pertosa-Auletta Caves, constitute an important karst system in the Campania region (southern Italy). Crossed by the waters of a river that re-emerges on the surface, they have an overall development of about 3 km. Thanks to the width of the entrance, the excellent location along a natural communication route through the mountains and the natural availability of water directly on the site, the initial part of the cavity was frequented by humans, without interruption, from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages. During the protohistory, in particular, the moment of most marked human presence is recorded in the cave. In this phase an extensive pile dwelling system was built on the waters of the underground river. The system was probably created to make the location, subject to frequent flooding, suitable for human settlement. This structure today constitutes an archaeological unicum not only in Italy but throughout Europe. We briefly analyze its general characteristics providing the results of a radiocarbon dating campaign which allowed to assess the occupation phases of the different contexts and the life span of the wooden artifacts, which came to us in a very good state of preservation. Radiocarbon data allowed to assess the chronological range of the human frequentation of the caves and to date the exceptionally well preserved underground pile dwelling system.

佩尔托萨洞穴(如今又称佩尔托萨-奥莱塔洞穴)是坎帕尼亚大区(意大利南部)的一个重要岩溶系统。洞穴被一条重新出现在地表的河水穿过,总长约 3 公里。由于洞口宽阔,地理位置优越,沿山间的自然交通路线而建,而且该地直接有天然的水源,因此从史前时代到中世纪,洞穴的最初部分一直有人类活动,从未间断。特别是在史前时期,洞穴中的人类活动最为频繁。在这一阶段,人们在地下河的河水上建造了一个庞大的桩居系统。该系统的建立可能是为了使这个经常被洪水淹没的地方适合人类居住。如今,这一建筑不仅在意大利,而且在整个欧洲都是考古学上的 "独角兽"。我们简要分析了它的总体特征,并提供了放射性碳测年活动的结果,该活动有助于评估不同背景的占用阶段和木制工艺品的寿命,这些工艺品保存完好。通过放射性碳数据,我们可以评估洞穴中人类活动的年代范围,并确定保存完好的地下桩居系统的年代。
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引用次数: 0
HOLOCENE OVERWASH OCCURRENCE AGE IN THE ISUMI RIVER LOWLAND, EASTERN BOSO PENINSULA, JAPAN 日本东波索半岛等静河低地全新世冲过期
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.105
Soichiro Oda, Stephen P Obrochta, Osamu Fujiwara, Yusuke Yokoyama, Yosuke Miyairi, Yoshiya Hatakeyama
Analysis of the chronological data and observation of a lagoonal sediment core reveal sand washover events between around 2.4 to 2.5 cal. ky BP in the Isumi River lowland. We conducted radiocarbon dating with AMS and constructed an age-depth model using the latest calibration curve and appropriate model routine. In the middle to lower part of the core, dark-gray sand layers are repeatedly deposited. Sand layers may exhibit an erosional surface at the base with fining upward grading. The overwash layers are composed of well-rounded sand with occasional gravel, indicative of transportation. overwash sediment characteristics are consistent with proximal marine deposits, suggesting an ocean origin (though riverine sediment is also similar in character). The age-depth model indicates very high sediment accumulation rates associated with overwash deposits. Based on the amount of accumulated sediment, relatively large-scale redeposition events occurred during this period but more information is needed to constrain the mechanism(s) causing the events. We also present a local reservoir age correction compatible with the Marine20 calibration curve.
对一个泻湖沉积物岩心的年代学分析和观测表明,Isumi河低地在2.4 ~ 2.5 cal. ky BP之间发生了冲砂事件。利用AMS进行了放射性碳测年,并利用最新的校正曲线和合适的模型程序构建了年龄深度模型。岩心中下部反复沉积深灰色砂层。砂层可能在底部呈现侵蚀面,向上分级细化。上冲层由圆润的沙子和偶尔的砾石组成,表明了运输。上冲沉积物的特征与近海相沉积物一致,表明其起源为海洋(尽管河流沉积物的特征也相似)。年龄-深度模型表明,与过冲沉积物相关的沉积物堆积率非常高。根据沉积物的累积量,这一时期发生了相对大规模的再沉积事件,但需要更多的信息来约束事件发生的机制。我们还提出了一个与Marine20校准曲线兼容的局部储层年龄校正。
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引用次数: 0
RADIOCARBON DATING AND FRESHWATER RESERVOIR EFFECTS OF AQUATIC MOLLUSKS WITHIN FLUVIAL CHANNEL DEPOSITS IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES 美国中西部河道沉积物中水生软体动物的放射性碳定年和淡水储层效应
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.93
Jason A Rech, Christina N Tenison, Alexander Baldasare, Brian S Currie

Late Quaternary fluvial channel deposits are notoriously difficult to date. In the midwestern United States, shells of aquatic mollusks can be found within many fluvial channel sediments and therefore can be radiocarbon (14C) dated to determine the age of the deposits. However, carbonate platform rocks are abundant in this region, potentially causing freshwater 14C reservoir effects (FRE) in mollusk shells. We 14C dated 11 aquatic gastropod and bivalve shell samples from specimens collected live from a stream in southwestern Ohio during three different years to assess the modern 14C reservoir effect. Modern samples yielded an average 14C FREmodern of 518 ± 65 14C yrs for 2020 (n=5), 640 ± 34 14C yrs for 2021 (n=2), and 707 ± 76 14C yrs for 2022 (n=4). We also 14C dated matched pairs of organic wood or charcoal and aquatic mollusk shells from late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the Four Mile Creek floodplain to determine the FREfossil. These samples, free of any potential influence from nuclear bomb testing, yielded an overall weighted mean FREfossil of 1029 ± 345 14C yrs. We then assess the advantages and limitations of both the FREmodern and FREfossil methods for determining freshwater reservoir effects. Finally, we apply the FREfossil correction to a series of shell ages from fluvial terrace deposits as a case study. The results indicate that although there is a 14C FRE in streams from the midwestern United States, aquatic shells can provide robust age control on fluvial channel deposits. More research is needed to understand the spatial and temporal variability of FREs, as well as any species effects, among various watersheds across the midwestern United States.

众所周知,晚第四纪河道沉积很难确定年代。在美国中西部,在许多河道沉积物中可以找到水生软体动物的壳,因此可以用放射性碳(14C)测定沉积物的年龄。然而,该地区碳酸盐岩台地岩丰富,可能在软体动物壳中产生淡水14C储集效应(FRE)。我们对11个水生腹足类和双壳类贝壳样本进行了14C测年,这些样本来自俄亥俄州西南部的一条溪流,采集时间不同,评估了现代14C油藏效应。现代样品在2020年(n=5)、2021年(n=2)和2022年(n=4)的平均14C FREmodern值分别为518±65 14C年、640±34 14C年和707±76 14C年。我们还对四哩河漫滩晚更新世和全新世沉积物中的有机木材或木炭和水生软体动物壳进行了14C测年,以确定FREfossil。这些样品不受核弹试验的任何潜在影响,总体加权平均FREfossil为1029±345 14C年。然后,我们评估了FREmodern和FREfossil方法在确定淡水储层效应方面的优点和局限性。最后,我们将FREfossil校正方法应用于河流阶地沉积的一系列贝壳年龄作为案例研究。结果表明,尽管美国中西部的河流中存在14C FRE,但水生贝壳可以为河道沉积物提供强有力的年龄控制。需要更多的研究来了解FREs的时空变化,以及任何物种的影响,在美国中西部不同的流域。
{"title":"RADIOCARBON DATING AND FRESHWATER RESERVOIR EFFECTS OF AQUATIC MOLLUSKS WITHIN FLUVIAL CHANNEL DEPOSITS IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES","authors":"Jason A Rech, Christina N Tenison, Alexander Baldasare, Brian S Currie","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Late Quaternary fluvial channel deposits are notoriously difficult to date. In the midwestern United States, shells of aquatic mollusks can be found within many fluvial channel sediments and therefore can be radiocarbon (<span>14</span>C) dated to determine the age of the deposits. However, carbonate platform rocks are abundant in this region, potentially causing freshwater <span>14</span>C reservoir effects (FRE) in mollusk shells. We <span>14</span>C dated 11 aquatic gastropod and bivalve shell samples from specimens collected live from a stream in southwestern Ohio during three different years to assess the modern <span>14</span>C reservoir effect. Modern samples yielded an average <span>14</span>C FRE<span>modern</span> of 518 ± 65 <span>14</span>C yrs for 2020 (n=5), 640 ± 34 <span>14</span>C yrs for 2021 (n=2), and 707 ± 76 <span>14</span>C yrs for 2022 (n=4). We also <span>14</span>C dated matched pairs of organic wood or charcoal and aquatic mollusk shells from late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the Four Mile Creek floodplain to determine the FRE<span>fossil</span>. These samples, free of any potential influence from nuclear bomb testing, yielded an overall weighted mean FRE<span>fossil</span> of 1029 ± 345 <span>14</span>C yrs. We then assess the advantages and limitations of both the FRE<span>modern</span> and FRE<span>fossil</span> methods for determining freshwater reservoir effects. Finally, we apply the FRE<span>fossil</span> correction to a series of shell ages from fluvial terrace deposits as a case study. The results indicate that although there is a <span>14</span>C FRE in streams from the midwestern United States, aquatic shells can provide robust age control on fluvial channel deposits. More research is needed to understand the spatial and temporal variability of FREs, as well as any species effects, among various watersheds across the midwestern United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"42 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Radiocarbon
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