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RADIOCARBON VARIATIONS IN ANNUAL TREE RINGS WITH 11-YEAR SOLAR CYCLES DURING 1800–1950 1800-1950 年间树木年轮中放射性碳的变化与 11 年太阳周期的关系
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.37
Pavel P Povinec, Ivan Kontuľ, Ivo Svetlik
The results of radiocarbon variation studies observed in annual tree rings from the NW Pacific (USA Northwest) (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993) and Europe (England, Brehm et al. 2021; Slovakia, Povinec 1977, 1987) are reviewed with the aim of better understanding the 11-year radiocarbon cycle and possible impacts of solar proton events on 14C levels in the atmosphere and biosphere. The average Δ14C amplitude in tree rings for the period of 1798–1944 was 1.3 ± 0.3‰, the average periodicity was 11 ± 1 years, and the average time shift between the sunspot numbers and Δ14C records was 3 ± 1 years. A new solar activity minimum (Gleissberg minimum, 1878–1933) has been identified in the Δ14C data sets from the NW Pacific and England, showing Δ14C excess of 7‰, comparable to the Dalton minimum (1797–1823). No significant changes in Δ14C levels were identified that could be associated with solar proton events during 1800–1950.
本文回顾了在西北太平洋(美国西北部)(Stuiver 和 Braziunas,1993 年)和欧洲(英格兰,Brehm 等,2021 年;斯洛伐克,Povinec,1977 年,1987 年)年轮中观测到的放射性碳变化研究结果,目的是更好地理解 11 年放射性碳循环以及太阳质子事件对大气和生物圈中 14C 含量的可能影响。1798-1944 年期间树环中的平均 Δ14C 振幅为 1.3 ± 0.3‰,平均周期为 11 ± 1 年,太阳黑子数与Δ14C 记录之间的平均时间偏移为 3 ± 1 年。来自西北太平洋和英格兰的Δ14C数据集确定了一个新的太阳活动最低点(格莱斯堡最低点,1878-1933年),显示Δ14C过量7‰,与道尔顿最低点(1797-1823年)相当。在 1800-1950 年期间,没有发现与太阳质子事件有关的 Δ14C 水平的重大变化。
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引用次数: 0
14C GIRI SAMPLES IN AMS GOLDEN VALLEY: GRAPHITE PREPARATION USING AGE-3 AND ABSORPTION-CATALYTIC SETUP 美国航天局黄金谷的 14c giri 样品:利用 age-3 和吸收催化装置制备石墨
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.46
E V Parkhomchuk, A V Petrozhitskiy, M M Ignatov, D V Kuleshov, A I Lysikov, A G Okunev, K A Babina, V V Parkhomchuk

The AMS Golden Valley laboratory is equipped with two accelerator mass spectrometers: the AMS facility from the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) and the Mini Carbon Dating System (MICADAS-28) from Ionplus AG and two graphitization systems: the Automated Graphitization Equipment (AGE-3) from Ionplus AG and the Absorption-catalytic setup (ACS) developed at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (BIC). The ACS was designed for graphite preparation from labeled biomedical samples, dissolved organics, and dissolved or gaseous carbon dioxide but has proven to be suitable for the traditional dating of objects no older than 35,000 years. Here we present two series of AMS data for the samples from Glasgow International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (GIRI), prepared using AGE-3 and ACS, and then measured on MICADAS-28. The mean value of the background F14C was 0.0024 ± 0.0009 and 0.012 ± 0.003 for AGE-3 and ACS, respectively, and both methods gave reproducible results for the OXI.

AMS 金谷实验室配备了两台加速器质谱仪:布德克核物理研究所 (BINP) 的 AMS 设备和 Ionplus AG 的迷你碳定年系统 (MICADAS-28),以及两套石墨化系统:Ionplus AG 的自动石墨化设备 (AGE-3) 和博雷斯科夫催化研究所 (BIC) 开发的吸收催化装置 (ACS)。ACS 设计用于从标记的生物医学样本、溶解有机物和溶解或气态二氧化碳中制备石墨,但已被证明适用于对年龄不超过 35,000 年的物体进行传统年代测定。在此,我们展示了格拉斯哥国际放射性碳相互比较(GIRI)样品的两组 AMS 数据,这些样品使用 AGE-3 和 ACS 制备,然后在 MICADAS-28 上进行测量。AGE-3 和 ACS 的背景 F14C 平均值分别为 0.0024 ± 0.0009 和 0.012 ± 0.003,这两种方法对 OXI 都给出了可重复的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into growth, ring formation and maximum ages of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) using 14C dating and tree-ring analysis 利用 14C 测年和树环分析了解巴西坚果树(Bertholletia excelsa)的生长、年轮形成和最大树龄
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.39
Victor L Caetano Andrade, Charles R Clement, David Herrera-Ramírez, Thomas Larsen, Flavia Durgante, Nicole Boivin, Jochen Schöngart, Susan Trumbore, Patrick Roberts

The Brazil Nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) is a species of considerable historical, economic and ecological importance in South America. Radiocarbon dating indicates some individuals can live from hundreds to more than 1000 years, which means they have the potential to reconstruct deep time growth patterns and their relationship to anthropogenic management or climate change from pre-colonial to present times. However, age estimates vary considerably amongst trees dated with different methods (i.e. tree-ring analysis, radiocarbon-dating, and repeated diameter measurements). Here we analyze living Brazil Nut trees growing in four distinct regions across the Brazilian Amazon using two dating methods: tree-ring counting and radiocarbon dating. Our results show that the congruence between the two methods varies amongst regions, and the highest congruence is found at the site of Tefé, Amazonas. This region features archaeological sites with anthropogenic Terra Preta soils, and is known for its long-term human forest management. This management likely enhanced light and nutrient availability, which possibly enabled the trees to grow at higher rates and form annual rings. Our findings highlight the need for better understanding of the growth of Brazil Nut trees for ecological research, but also the potential of dendrochronology for exploring climate change and human-forest interactions in the Amazon Basin.

巴西坚果树(Bertholletia excelsa,Lecythidaceae)是南美洲具有重要历史、经济和生态意义的树种。放射性碳测年表明,有些个体的寿命可达数百年到 1000 多年,这意味着它们有可能重建从殖民前到现在的深层生长模式及其与人为管理或气候变化的关系。然而,用不同方法(如树环分析、放射性碳年代测定和重复直径测量)测定的树木年龄估计值差异很大。在此,我们使用两种测年方法(树环计数法和放射性碳测年法)对生长在巴西亚马逊地区四个不同区域的巴西坚果树进行了分析。我们的研究结果表明,这两种方法的吻合程度因地区而异,其中亚马孙河流域特费遗址的吻合程度最高。该地区的考古遗址以人为的 Terra Preta 土壤为特色,并以长期的人类森林管理而闻名。这种管理可能提高了光照和养分的可用性,从而使树木以更高的速度生长并形成年轮。我们的研究结果突出表明,在生态研究中需要更好地了解巴西坚果树的生长过程,同时也需要了解树木年代学在探索亚马逊流域气候变化和人类与森林相互作用方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing MICADAS gas source, direct carbonate, and standard graphite 14C determinations of biogenic carbonate 比较 MICADAS 气体源、直接碳酸盐和标准石墨对生物碳酸盐的 14C 测定结果
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.45
Jordon Bright, Chris Ebert, Carola Flores, Paul G Harnik, John Warren Huntley, Michał Kowalewski, Roger W Portell, Michael Retelle, Edward A G Schuur, Darrell S Kaufman

Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, recently installed a MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) with a gas interface system (GIS) for determining the 14C content of CO2 gas released by the acid dissolution of biogenic carbonates. We compare 48 paired graphite, GIS, and direct carbonate 14C determinations of individual mollusk shells and echinoid tests. GIS sample sizes ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 mg and span 0.1 to 45.1 ka BP (n = 42). A reduced major axis regression shows a strong relationship between GIS and graphite percent Modern Carbon (pMC) values (m = 1.011; 95% CI [0.997–1.023], R2 = 0.999) that is superior to the relationship between the direct carbonate and graphite values (m = 0.978; 95% CI [0.959-0.999], R2 = 0.997). Sixty percent of GIS pMC values are within ±0.5 pMC of their graphite counterparts, compared to 26% of direct carbonate pMC values. The precision of GIS analyses is approximately ±70 14C yrs to 6.5 ka BP and decreases to approximately ±130 14C yrs at 12.5 ka BP. This precision is on par with direct carbonate and is approximately five times larger than for graphite. Six Plio-Pleistocene mollusk and echinoid samples yield finite ages when analyzed as direct carbonate but yield non-finite ages when analyzed as graphite or as GIS. Our results show that GIS 14C dating of biogenic carbonates is preferable to direct carbonate 14C dating and is an efficient alternative to standard graphite 14C dating when the precision of graphite 14C dating is not required.

美国亚利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫的北亚利桑那大学(Northern Arizona University)最近安装了带气体界面系统(GIS)的 MIni CArbon DAting 系统(MICADAS),用于测定生物碳酸盐酸溶解释放的二氧化碳气体中的 14C 含量。我们比较了 48 个配对石墨、GIS 和直接碳酸盐 14C 测定的软体动物贝壳和回声虫测试结果。GIS 样本大小介于 0.5 至 1.5 毫克之间,时间跨度为 0.1 至 45.1 ka BP(n = 42)。缩小的主轴回归显示,GIS 与石墨现代碳百分率(pMC)值之间的关系密切(m = 1.011;95% CI [0.997-1.023],R2 = 0.999),优于直接碳酸盐与石墨值之间的关系(m = 0.978;95% CI [0.959-0.999],R2 = 0.997)。60% 的 GIS pMC 值与石墨对应值的误差在 ±0.5 pMC 范围内,而直接碳酸盐 pMC 值的误差为 26%。GIS 分析的精度在 6.5 ka BP 时约为±70 14C 年,在 12.5 ka BP 时降至约±130 14C 年。这一精度与直接碳酸盐的精度相当,大约是石墨精度的五倍。6 个新近纪软体动物和回声类样本在分析为直接碳酸盐时得出了有限年龄,但在分析为石墨或 GIS 时却得出了非无限年龄。我们的研究结果表明,对生物碳酸盐进行 GIS 14C 测定要优于直接碳酸盐 14C 测定,当不需要石墨 14C 测定的精确性时,GIS 是标准石墨 14C 测定的有效替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Barrow Necropolis from the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC in Western Ukraine. A Bayesian Modeling and Isotopic Study 乌克兰西部公元前三、二千年的荒冢墓地。贝叶斯建模和同位素研究
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.40
Przemysław Makarowicz, Tomasz Goslar, Anita Szczepanek, Maryna Yahodynska, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Aleksandra Kozak, Jan Romaniszyn, Jakub Niebieszczański, Vitalii Rud, Łukasz Pospieszny

This article discusses the absolute chronology of burials from the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC discovered under the mounds of three barrows in the Kordyshiv cemetery in western Ukraine. Its aim is to create a chronological model of the burials by modeling 27 AMS 14C dates obtained from 21 individuals buried in single and collective graves. Dietary analysis of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values are presented. The Bayesian modeling of the 14C dates from the three Kordyshiv barrows revealed the extremely important role of these monuments as long-term objects used for ritual purposes. At the end of the 3rd millennium BC, the epi-Corded Ware Culture (epi-CWC) community erected a mound over the central burial in Barrow 2, then interred the graves of three additional deceased. After several hundred years Barrow 2 was reused by Komarów Culture (KC) communities from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) who interred their deceased in the existing mound. The oldest monument with MBA burials was Barrow 3, in which the dead were buried in a two-stage sequence before and after the mid-2nd millennium BC. The youngest dated grave was Burial 1 in Barrow 1, comprising a collective burial that was interred between 1400 and 1200 BC. The additional analyses of carbon and nitrogen isotopes show significant differences in the diet of epi-CWC individuals buried in Barrow 2 from the individuals representing the KC.

这篇文章讨论了在乌克兰西部科迪希夫(Kordyshiv)墓地的三个荒冢下发现的公元前三千年和公元前两千年墓葬的绝对年代学。其目的是通过对埋葬在单人墓和集体墓中的 21 人的 27 个 AMS 14C 日期进行建模,建立墓葬的年代学模型。研究还对稳定碳(δ13C)和氮(δ15N)同位素值进行了膳食分析。对三个科迪希夫古墓的 14C 年代进行贝叶斯建模后发现,这些古迹作为长期用于祭祀的物品发挥着极其重要的作用。公元前第三个千年末期,外绳器文化(epi-CWC)群落在 2 号荒冢的中心墓葬上建造了一个土丘,然后又埋葬了另外三位死者。几百年后,2 号荒冢被青铜时代中期(MBA)的科马鲁夫文化(KC)群落重新使用,他们将死者安葬在现有的土丘上。中青铜时代最古老的墓葬是 3 号荒冢,死者在公元前 2000 年中期前后分两个阶段被埋葬。年代最短的墓葬是第 1 号荒冢中的第 1 号墓葬,包括公元前 1400 年至公元前 1200 年之间的集体墓葬。对碳和氮同位素的补充分析表明,埋葬在第 2 号荒冢中的古西周人的饮食与代表 KC 人的饮食有显著差异。
{"title":"Barrow Necropolis from the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC in Western Ukraine. A Bayesian Modeling and Isotopic Study","authors":"Przemysław Makarowicz, Tomasz Goslar, Anita Szczepanek, Maryna Yahodynska, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Aleksandra Kozak, Jan Romaniszyn, Jakub Niebieszczański, Vitalii Rud, Łukasz Pospieszny","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article discusses the absolute chronology of burials from the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC discovered under the mounds of three barrows in the Kordyshiv cemetery in western Ukraine. Its aim is to create a chronological model of the burials by modeling 27 AMS <span>14</span>C dates obtained from 21 individuals buried in single and collective graves. Dietary analysis of stable carbon (δ<span>13</span>C) and nitrogen (δ<span>15</span>N) isotope values are presented. The Bayesian modeling of the <span>14</span>C dates from the three Kordyshiv barrows revealed the extremely important role of these monuments as long-term objects used for ritual purposes. At the end of the 3rd millennium BC, the epi-Corded Ware Culture (epi-CWC) community erected a mound over the central burial in Barrow 2, then interred the graves of three additional deceased. After several hundred years Barrow 2 was reused by Komarów Culture (KC) communities from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) who interred their deceased in the existing mound. The oldest monument with MBA burials was Barrow 3, in which the dead were buried in a two-stage sequence before and after the mid-2nd millennium BC. The youngest dated grave was Burial 1 in Barrow 1, comprising a collective burial that was interred between 1400 and 1200 BC. The additional analyses of carbon and nitrogen isotopes show significant differences in the diet of epi-CWC individuals buried in Barrow 2 from the individuals representing the KC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimation of groundwater residence time using radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope ratio in dissolved inorganic carbon and soil CO2 利用溶解无机碳和土壤二氧化碳中的放射性碳和稳定碳同位素比值估算地下水的停留时间
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.43
Rahul Kumar Agrawal, Ranjan Kumar Mohanty, Ajayeta Rathi, Shreya Mehta, M G Yadava, Sanjeev Kumar, Amzad H Laskar

Estimation of residence time of groundwater, particularly in regions with inadequate surface waters are very important for formulating sustainable groundwater management policies. We developed a technique for extracting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) quantitatively from water for measuring its 14C contents and presented the analytical details here. We also measured stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in soil CO2 and groundwater DIC to correct the groundwater 14C ages. In addition, 14C in soil CO2 were measured for making necessary correction in the initial activity of the recharging water. The corrected 14C contents in the groundwater samples were used to estimate their residence times employing Lumped Parameter Models (LPM), a set of mathematical models to account for the processes that take place during transport from the recharge to the sampling spots. We present a case study focused on the calculation of radiocarbon ages and residence times for a groundwater sample collected from the campus of Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The study also includes estimations of groundwater residence times using previously measured 14C ages of groundwater samples from Gujarat, India. Various factors controlling the groundwater ages in the LPM and their applicability are discussed.

估算地下水的停留时间,尤其是在地表水不足的地区,对于制定可持续的地下水管理政策非常重要。我们开发了一种从水中定量提取溶解无机碳(DIC)以测量其 14C 含量的技术,并在此介绍了分析细节。我们还测量了土壤 CO2 和地下水 DIC 中的稳定碳同位素比值(δ13C),以校正地下水 14C 年龄。此外,我们还测量了土壤 CO2 中的 14C 含量,以便对补给水的初始活性进行必要的修正。地下水样本中校正后的 14C 含量可用于采用集合参数模型(LPM)估算其停留时间,集合参数模型是一套数学模型,用于解释从补给点到采样点的传输过程。我们介绍了一项案例研究,重点是计算从印度古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德物理研究实验室校园采集的地下水样本的放射性碳年龄和停留时间。该研究还包括利用之前测量的印度古吉拉特邦地下水样本的 14C 年龄估算地下水的停留时间。研究还讨论了控制 LPM 中地下水年龄的各种因素及其适用性。
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引用次数: 0
A HOMEMADE SEMIAUTOMATIC GRAPHITIZATION DEVICE FOR AMS 14C DATING AT NTUAMS LAB 自制半自动石墨化装置,用于在 Ntuams 实验室进行 ams 14c 测定
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.48
Tzu-Tsen Shen, Hong-Chun Li, Rick Qiu

A low-cost and computer-controlled graphitization system connected to an elemental analyzer (EA) has been designed and built at the NTUAMS Lab. This semiautomatic system equips 6-unit reactors for the graphitization of CO2 with H2 on the iron catalyst. The entire procedure takes about 7 hours for iron conditioning, sample combustion and loading, and graphitization. The system can produce good-quality graphite for samples containing 0.5–1.6 mg carbon mass, with the pressure yield of graphitization ranging from 57.7% to 87.1%. The average values of OXI and OXII agree well with the consensus value, but the result of ANU sucrose was observed to be slightly higher than the reported one. The background samples of anthracite over ten months yielded an average of 0.38±0.10 pMC (n=21) corresponding to a 14C age of 45 kyr BP. Intercomparison samples L and M of FIRI exhibit that the measured 14C ages are almost identical to the consensus values and have a small spread in these values. The system has been carrying out graphitization for total organic carbon (TOC) of peat samples, and providing a more efficient and convenient way for AMS 14C dating.

NTUAMS 实验室设计并建造了一个与元素分析仪(EA)相连的低成本计算机控制石墨化系统。这套半自动系统配备了 6 个反应器,用于在铁催化剂上将 CO2 与 H2 石墨化。整个过程大约需要 7 个小时,包括铁调节、样品燃烧和装载以及石墨化。该系统能为含碳量为 0.5-1.6 毫克的样品生产优质石墨,石墨化的压力产率为 57.7% 至 87.1%。OXI 和 OXII 的平均值与共识值吻合,但 ANU 蔗糖的结果略高于报告值。十个月的无烟煤本底样品的平均值为 0.38±0.10 pMC(n=21),对应的 14C 年龄为 45 kyr BP。FIRI 的互比样品 L 和 M 表明,测得的 14C 年龄与共识值几乎相同,而且这些值的差值较小。该系统对泥炭样本的总有机碳(TOC)进行了石墨化处理,为 AMS 14C 测年提供了更高效、更便捷的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Radiocarbon dates from the archaeological site of Sakas, Bihar, India 印度比哈尔邦萨卡斯考古遗址的放射性碳年代测定
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.42
J Bates, V K Singh, R N Singh, Manisha Singh, Brij Mohan, Sudarshan Chakradhari, Abhay P Singh, Matthew Conte, Yongje Oh

Dates from recently excavated Gangetic site of Sakas in Bihar, India, place it at ca.1800–1100 BC. The ceramic and lithic chronologies have been interpreted as Early Farming, Transitional and Chalcolithic/Developed Farming in date. However, depending on where in the Ganges Plains is studied, the time frame of Early, Developed and Advanced Farming periods varies widely, from 7th millennium to 2nd millennium BC and beyond, making the chronological framing of absolute dates within a regional scheme highly complex. In this paper we report the new radiocarbon results from Sakas and note how while these are critical for cementing the absolute dating of the site, until such time as a more stable periodization linked not only to relative and absolute dates but also human lifeways within the different zones of the Ganges plains is created, there remains difficulties in understanding how Sakas and other sites of similar date fit into the changing social, cultural and economic systems in this region.

最近发掘的印度比哈尔邦萨卡斯恒河遗址的年代约为公元前 1800-1100 年。陶瓷和石器年代学被解释为早期农耕、过渡时期和旧石器时代/发达农耕。然而,根据对恒河平原不同地区的研究,早期农耕、发达农耕和先进农耕时期的时间范围差异很大,从公元前 7 千年到公元前 2 千年甚至更远,这使得在一个地区方案中确定绝对日期的年代框架变得非常复杂。在本文中,我们报告了萨卡遗址的新放射性碳测定结果,并指出这些结果对于确定该遗址的绝对年代至关重要,但在建立不仅与相对年代和绝对年代相关,而且与恒河平原不同区域人类生活方式相关的更稳定的年代划分之前,要了解萨卡遗址和其他类似年代的遗址如何融入该地区不断变化的社会、文化和经济体系仍然存在困难。
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引用次数: 0
SQUEAKY CLEAN CELLULOSE: COMPARING PRETREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS ON SINGLE TREE RINGS AND WOODEN LATHS 吱吱作响的洁净纤维素:比较单个树环和木板条的预处理效果
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.20
Wendy Hlengiwe Khumalo, Helene Løvstrand Svarva, Damaris Zurbach, Marie-Josée Nadeau
Obtaining accurate radiocarbon (14C) results from wood samples requires the extraction of cellulose. In the past, this has been done using different combinations of methods including acidified bleaching, acid-base-acid, and strong bases. This often becomes a time-consuming task in most analyses, especially when single ring isotope chronologies are needed from wood samples. Using 14C and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we tested four different pretreatment methods to determine their ability to produce high quality cellulose. We then adjusted the best methods to determine a method for pretreating wood laths of multiple rings. A sequence of base-acid-base-acid-bleach + strong base (BABAB+) and BABAB produced the most accurate results when compared to the Bomb20 Northern Hemisphere Zone 1 curve with an average difference in Δ14C of 1.3‰ and 5.8‰ respectively. These methods were adjusted to pretreat an entire wood lath and a comparison of the FTIR results suggest that our adjusted BABAB+ and BABAB produced high quality cellulose comparable to that of an individually pretreated ring. The possibility to pretreat wood lath samples has the potential to more than double the number of tree rings which can be pretreated in a week. This is a significant reduction in time when creating long tree ring chronologies.
从木材样本中获取准确的放射性碳(14C)结果需要提取纤维素。在过去,提取纤维素需要使用不同的方法组合,包括酸化漂白、酸-碱-酸和强碱。在大多数分析中,这往往是一项耗时的工作,尤其是需要从木材样本中提取单环同位素年代学时更是如此。利用 14C 和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),我们测试了四种不同的预处理方法,以确定它们生成高质量纤维素的能力。然后,我们对最佳方法进行了调整,确定了一种用于预处理多环木板条的方法。与 Bomb20 北半球 1 区曲线相比,碱-酸-碱-酸-漂白+强碱(BABAB+)和 BABAB 的序列产生了最准确的结果,Δ14C 的平均差异分别为 1.3‰ 和 5.8‰。对这些方法进行调整后,可对整块木板条进行预处理,傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结果比较表明,调整后的 BABAB+ 和 BABAB 所产生的高质量纤维素可与单独预处理的环相媲美。对木板条样本进行预处理有可能使一周内可预处理的树环数量增加一倍以上。这大大缩短了制作长树龄年表的时间。
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引用次数: 0
RADIOCARBON AGES OF PLANT REMAINS IN MASSIVE GROUND ICE AND UNDERLYING SEDIMENTS OF THE BARROW PERMAFROST TUNNEL, ALASKA 阿拉斯加巴罗永久冻土隧道块状地表冰和底层沉积物中植物遗骸的放射性碳年龄
IF 8.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.25
Go Iwahana, Masao Uchida, Kazuho Horiuchi, Jody Deming, Hajo Eicken, Hiroshi Ohno, Kanako Mantoku, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Saito
Massive ground ice found in the Barrow Permafrost Tunnel at 3–7 m depths from the surface has been interpreted as an ice wedge and used to reconstruct early Holocene environmental changes. To better understand the development of this ground ice, we conducted radiocarbon dating for 34 samples of plant remains from the massive ground ice and underlying sediment layer. A significantly large gap in the measured radiocarbon ages (more than 24 ka) between massive ice and the underlying sediment layer throughout the tunnel profile suggested at least two possibilities. One is that the lower and older sediment layer had thrust upwards at the boundary between intruding ice wedge and adjacent sediment, and the growing ice had pushed the sediment sideways. Another is that erosional events had removed surface materials at about 12–36 ka BP (14–41 cal ka BP) before the overlaying sediment layer with massive ground ice developed. The overall distribution of radiocarbon ages from the massive ice supported the ice-wedge hypothesis as a formation mechanism, although our results showed several age inversions and large fluctuations. Dating of densely spaced samples revealed two ground-ice regions with similar ages around 11–11.5 and 10–10.5 ka BP divided by a relatively narrow region of transitional ages along the tunnel long-axis. This distribution may be explained by a possible misalignment between the sampling direction and the ice-wedge growth line or by intermittent ice growth with repeated cracking at more random locations than the classic ice-wedge growth model suggested.
在巴罗永久冻土隧道(Barrow Permafrost Tunnel)距地表 3-7 米深处发现的大量地冰被解释为冰楔,并被用来重建全新世早期的环境变化。为了更好地了解这些地冰的发展过程,我们对大量地冰和底层沉积层中的 34 个植物遗骸样本进行了放射性碳测年。在整个隧道剖面中,大块冰和下层沉积层之间的放射性碳年代测定结果差距很大(超过 24 ka),这至少说明了两种可能性。一种可能是,下层较早的沉积层在侵入的冰楔与相邻沉积层之间的边界向上推移,不断增长的冰将沉积层推向一侧。另一种可能是,大约在公元前 12-36 ka 年(公元前 14-41 cal ka 年),侵蚀事件清除了地表物质,然后才形成了覆盖着大量地表冰的沉积层。块冰的放射性碳年龄的总体分布支持冰缘假说的形成机制,尽管我们的结果显示出一些年龄倒置和较大的波动。对间隔密集的样本进行的年代测定显示,在 11-11.5 ka BP 和 10-10.5 ka BP 附近有两个年代相近的地冰区域,而沿隧道长轴则有一个相对狭窄的年代过渡区域。这种分布的原因可能是取样方向与冰缘生长线之间可能存在错位,或者是冰的间歇性生长,在比经典的冰缘生长模型更随机的位置反复开裂。
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