Research in veterinary science最新文献_第9页

Comparative histologic survey and transcriptomic investigation into canine prostate carcinoma 犬前列腺癌的比较组织学调查和转录组学研究

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105981

Nathan K. Hoggard , Said M. Elshafae , Nigel A. Daniels , Jonathan A. Young , Chris Premanandan , John B. Echols , Darshan S. Chandrashekar , Blake E. Hildreth III , Michael C. Haffner , Thomas J. Rosol

Dogs share features in prostate gland anatomy, physiology, and pathology with men. However, human and canine prostate carcinoma (PC) have histologic and molecular differences. Particularly, the histogenesis of canine PC (cPC) is unclear. This study investigated the origin of cPC using histopathology and transcriptomics with comparison to men. Prostate glands retrospectively and prospectively collected from 445 dogs (approximately 95 % autopsy samples) were surveyed for early carcinomas and preneoplastic lesions, particularly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) due to its role in the pathogenesis of PC in men. Lineage gene signatures defining prostate luminal epithelium and urothelium were identified for inter- and intraspecies RNA-sequencing comparisons, including between cPC and canine urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Postmortem prostate lesion frequencies were similar to previously reported canine studies. Intraductal/intra-acinar growth (31/35; 88.6 %) was common in representative samples of cPC. Prostate epithelial changes consistent with HGPIN in men were not observed. Proliferative lesions and early carcinomas were rare (7/445; 1.6 %). Patterns in prostate and urothelium marker gene expression signatures differed between human and canine PC. Compared to non-neoplastic prostate gland, cPC had significantly decreased prostate-specific and increased urothelium gene signatures. The results suggest many cases diagnosed as cPC are UC or have urothelial differentiation and thus differ from PC in men, with important implications for canine tumor classification and translational studies.

狗在前列腺解剖、生理和病理上与人有共同的特点。然而，人和犬前列腺癌（PC）具有组织学和分子差异。特别是犬PC （cPC）的组织发生尚不清楚。本研究利用组织病理学和转录组学研究了cPC的起源，并与男性进行了比较。回顾性和前瞻性地收集了445只狗的前列腺（约95%的尸检样本），调查了早期癌和癌前病变，特别是高级别前列腺上皮内瘤变（HGPIN），因为它在男性PC的发病机制中起作用。确定了定义前列腺管腔上皮和尿路上皮的谱系基因特征，用于种间和种内rna测序比较，包括cPC和犬膀胱尿路上皮癌（UC）之间的rna测序比较。死后前列腺病变频率与先前报道的犬类研究相似。导管内/腺泡内生长（31/35,88.6%）在cPC的代表性样本中很常见。在男性中未观察到与HGPIN一致的前列腺上皮改变。增殖性病变和早期癌罕见（7/445;1.6%）。前列腺和尿路上皮标记基因表达特征的模式在人和犬PC之间存在差异。与非肿瘤性前列腺相比，cPC显著降低了前列腺特异性，增加了尿路上皮基因特征。结果提示，许多诊断为cPC的病例为UC或有尿路上皮分化，因此与男性PC不同，这对犬肿瘤的分类和转化研究具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of hair samples for PCR detection of Leishmania infantum in dogs 犬毛标本PCR检测幼年利什曼原虫的评价

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105979

Geovanna Vioti , João Augusto Franco Leonel , Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira , Diogo Tiago da Silva , Maria Luana Alves , Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi , Lara Borges Keid , Rodrigo Martins Soares

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum remains a major public health concern in endemic regions, where dogs are the primary domestic reservoir. Despite high accuracy, the invasiveness of current diagnostic methods limits their practical application. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of hair as a non-invasive sample for molecular detection of L. infantum using a nested PCR targeting the ITS1 region (HAIR-test). All PCR-based tests in this study, including those performed on lymph node aspirates (LN-test), blood (BL-test), and conjunctival swabs (CS-test), employed the same nested ITS1-PCR protocol. A cohort of 44 naturally infected dogs, defined by parasitological confirmation or LN-test positivity, was evaluated using the HAIR-test, with hair samples independently collected by two different operators. The combined sensitivity of the HAIR-test was 59.1 %, outperforming the BL-test and matching the performance of the CS-test. Sequencing confirmed L. infantum DNA in hair samples, but also revealed co-amplification of non-Leishmania trypanosomatids in a subset, underscoring the need for high-specificity assays. Inter-collector agreement was moderate, indicating potential variability in parasite distribution or inconsistencies in sample collection and handling. No correlation was observed between hair mass and PCR-positivity, suggesting that L. infantum DNA is present in follicular bulbs rather than in hair shafts. Beyond suboptimal sensitivity, limitations in assay reproducibility and uncertainties regarding the precise origin of the detected DNA underscore the need for further methodological refinement and validation. The HAIR-test offers a viable, non-invasive alternative in settings where invasive sampling is impractical, but its routine diagnostic application requires methodological refinements and validation.

由幼年利什曼原虫引起的犬利什曼病（CanL）在流行地区仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，在这些地区，狗是主要的家养宿主。尽管准确率很高，但目前的诊断方法的侵入性限制了它们的实际应用。本研究利用针对ITS1区域的巢式PCR方法（hair -test）评估了毛发作为无创样本对婴儿乳杆菌分子检测的诊断潜力。本研究中所有基于pcr的检测，包括对淋巴结抽吸液（LN-test）、血液（BL-test）和结膜拭子（CS-test）进行的检测，均采用相同的巢式ITS1-PCR方案。通过寄生虫学确认或ln测试阳性确定的44只自然感染狗，使用毛发测试进行评估，毛发样本由两个不同的操作人员独立收集。HAIR-test的综合灵敏度为59.1%，优于BL-test，与CS-test相当。测序证实了头发样本中的婴儿乳杆菌DNA，但也显示了非利什曼岛锥虫虫在一个亚群中的共扩增，强调了高特异性检测的必要性。收集者之间的一致性中等，表明寄生虫分布的潜在变异性或样品收集和处理的不一致。毛质量与pcr阳性之间没有相关性，这表明婴儿乳杆菌DNA存在于毛囊球茎中而不是毛干中。除了灵敏度不够理想之外，检测重现性的限制和检测DNA精确来源的不确定性强调了进一步改进和验证方法的必要性。在侵入性取样不切实际的情况下，毛发测试提供了一种可行的、非侵入性的替代方法，但其常规诊断应用需要方法的改进和验证。

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引用次数: 0

Tracheal resection and anastomosis combined with the application of collagen-PVP in a dog with traumatic tracheal rupture: A new approach to improve tracheal healing 气管切除吻合联合胶原- pvp在犬外伤性气管破裂中的应用：一种促进气管愈合的新方法

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105978

Axel E. Guzmán-Cedillo , Mariana Silva-Martínez , Roxana Pulido-Quintero , Patricia Rizo , J. Raúl Olmos-Zúñiga

The treatment for tracheal injuries is tracheal resection and anastomosis (TRA). Although there are few reports in the veterinary literature, TRA can be complicated and lead to the development of tracheal stenosis, fistulas, or malacias. In human medicine and experimentally in dogs, to avoid such sequelae, TRA combined with wound healing modulators (WHM), such as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone collagen (collagen-PVP), can be applied. In this report, we present a case of tracheal rupture in a dog caused by a bite and treated with TRA combined with collagen-PVP. We observed that from the first week after surgery, the animal presented good clinical evolution without complications, and at 6 months, tracheoscopy revealed normal scarring of the anastomosis; therefore, we believe further studies are worthwhile for its potential clinical application.

气管损伤的治疗是气管切除吻合术（TRA）。尽管在兽医文献中很少有报道，但TRA可能很复杂，并导致气管狭窄、瘘管或恶性肿瘤的发展。在人体医学和犬类实验中，为避免此类后遗症，可采用TRA联合伤口愈合调节剂（WHM），如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮胶原蛋白（collagen- pvp）。在这篇报告中，我们提出了一例狗因咬伤引起的气管破裂，并采用TRA联合胶原- pvp治疗。我们观察到，从术后第一周开始，动物临床进展良好，无并发症，6个月时气管镜显示吻合口正常瘢痕形成；因此，我们认为其潜在的临床应用值得进一步的研究。

引用次数: 0

Ocular abnormalities, tear production, and intraocular pressure findings in Italian holstein calves during their first four weeks of life 意大利荷斯坦犊牛出生后4周内的眼部异常、泪液产生和眼压变化

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105983

Irene Nocera , Francesca Bonelli , Samanta Nardi , Luca Turini , Grace Ann West , Caterina Puccinelli , Giovanni Barsotti

The study evaluated ocular abnormalities, Schirmer tear test 1 (STT 1) and intraocular pressure (IOP) values in healthy Italian-Holstein calves from birth to 4 weeks old, and compared STT 1 and IOP with those in adult bovines. Fifty-four calves underwent ophthalmic examination, and STT 1 and IOP assessment were performed within 48 h from birth, then weekly for the first weeks of age. Ophthalmic examination, STT 1 and IOP were assessed in calves' dams. Results for ocular abnormalities were shown as frequency and percentage. Differences in STT 1 and IOP were evaluated according to age, gender, and weight with ANOVA test. A t-test was used to compare calves' STT 1 and IOP at each measurement time with values in the calves' dams. Ocular lesions recorded were: 50 % subconjunctival haemorrhages, 25 % retinal haemorrhages, and 25 % cataract. At birth, remnants of the hyaloid system (51/51, 100 %) and tunica vasculosa lentis (49/51, 96 %) were detected, which regressed completely by the 16th week and 6th week, respectively. No statistical differences were found related to STT 1 and IOP. Statistical differences were observed between IOP as well as STT 1 in calves' dams and calves, for all time points (p-value <0.0001), with higher values in adult bovines. Ocular haemorrhages were the main ocular lesion observed, and cataract was the only congenital ocular abnormality diagnosed. At birth, calf STT 1 and IOP did not change during the first month of life, and adult bovines showed higher IOP and STT 1 compared to neonatal calves.

该研究评估了出生至4周龄的健康意大利荷斯坦小牛的眼部异常、Schirmer撕裂试验1 （stt1）和眼内压（IOP）值，并将stt1和IOP与成年牛进行了比较。54头小牛接受了眼科检查，并在出生后48小时内进行STT 1和IOP评估，然后在第一周龄每周进行一次。测定犊牛眼检、stt1和IOP。眼部异常的结果以频率和百分比表示。stt1和IOP的差异根据年龄、性别和体重进行方差分析。采用t检验比较各测量时间犊牛STT 1和IOP与犊牛坝内值。眼部病变记录为：50%结膜下出血，25%视网膜出血，25%白内障。出生时，检测到玻璃体系统（51/ 51,100 %）和脉管膜（49/ 51,96 %）的残余，分别在第16周和第6周完全退化。STT 1与IOP无统计学差异。在所有时间点，犊牛和小牛的IOP和stt1之间存在统计学差异（p值<；0.0001），成年牛的值更高。眼部出血是主要的眼部病变，白内障是唯一诊断出的先天性眼部异常。出生时，小牛的stt1和IOP在生命的第一个月没有变化，成年牛的IOP和stt1比新生牛犊高。

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引用次数: 0

Repurposing Ebselen for a potential blending-based therapeutic strategy against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants 重新利用依布selen作为一种潜在的混合治疗策略来对抗小反刍动物的胃肠道线虫

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105980

Irineu Romero-Neto , Júlia Dall'Anese , Taynara Gabriele Ribeiro Piano , Verônica Wosniaki Ferreira , Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro , Leandro Piovan , Marcelo Beltrão Molento

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections pose a significant challenge to the health of ruminant animals. The infection also presents a substantial financial impact worldwide. This study aimed to test the anthelmintic effect of Ebselen (C₁₃H₉NOSe), a selenium-containing organochalcogen compound, against eggs and third-stage larvae (L3) of GIN of small ruminants. Ebselen and ivermectin (IVM) were evaluated using the egg hatch test (EHT) and the larval migration inhibition test (LMIT). Additionally, we tested the inhibitory effect of drug-drug interactions using both compounds. The compounds individually showed concentration-dependent effect on eggs and L3. Ebselen inhibited 50 % of the eggs and L3 at concentrations of 0.4835 mmol L⁻¹ and 1.562 mmol L⁻¹, respectively. IVM had an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 0.4449 mmol L⁻¹ on eggs and 0.9141 mmol L⁻¹ on L3. IVM had an efficacy of 96.6 % in avoiding egg hatch and 78.4 % in preventing L3 migration at the highest concentration. The combination of Ebselen and IVM resulted in a statistically significant increase in larval migration inhibition, demonstrating a synergistic effect (>30 %). The data confirm the use of Ebselen and IVM in a novel blending-based therapeutic strategy to manage GIN that affects small ruminants.

胃肠道线虫（GIN）感染对反刍动物的健康构成了重大挑战。这种感染还在世界范围内造成重大的经济影响。本研究旨在研究含硒有机乙醇化合物Ebselen （C13H9NOSe）对小反刍动物GIN虫卵和第三期幼虫（L3）的驱虫作用。采用卵孵化试验（EHT）和幼虫迁移抑制试验（LMIT）评价依布selen和伊维菌素（IVM）的作用。此外，我们使用这两种化合物测试了药物-药物相互作用的抑制作用。各化合物对卵和L3均表现出浓度依赖性。当浓度分别为0.4835 mmol L−1和1.562 mmol L−1时，Ebselen抑制了50%的卵和L3。IVM对卵的半最大抑制浓度（IC50）为0.4449 mmol L−1，对L3的半最大抑制浓度为0.9141 mmol L−1。在最高浓度下，IVM阻止卵孵化的效率为96.6%，阻止L3迁移的效率为78.4%。依布selen与IVM联用抑制幼虫迁移的效果有统计学意义上的显著提高，显示出协同效应（> 30%）。这些数据证实了在一种新型混合治疗策略中使用Ebselen和IVM来管理影响小型反刍动物的GIN。

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引用次数: 0

Congenital sternal cleft in a DSH cat: A case report 先天性胸骨裂在DSH猫：1例报告

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105976

Seyyed Hossein Modarres Tonekabony , Sarang Soroori , Parham Soufizadeh , Kimia Hajarizadeh

The sternum, essential for protecting intrathoracic structures and enabling thoracic stability and breathing motion, is a vital part of small animal thoracic anatomy. Evaluating the sternum is crucial in small animal practice, with typical anatomy including eight to nine sternebrae and species-specific variations. Congenital sternal anomalies, such as pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, and sternal cleft, though rare, can have significant clinical implications. Sternal cleft, characterized by incomplete fusion of sternebrae, is particularly uncommon in veterinary literature, with limited documented cases. A 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat, presenting with vomiting and anorexia, underwent comprehensive diagnostic workup at the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital. Laboratory tests indicated leukocytosis and renal dysfunction. Imaging revealed enlarged kidneys, dilation of the urinary system, mild bronchointerstitial lung patterns, and a unique sternal structure. CT and 3D reconstruction confirmed a complete “U”-shaped sternal cleft involving all sternebrae except manubrium process and seventh sternebra. Supportive treatment was administered, but the cat succumbed to systemic complications. Congenital sternal abnormalities in small animals, including sternal cleft, are rare and often associated with other thoracic or abdominal defects. This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing such anomalies, emphasizing the importance of imaging for accurate assessment. This report of a complete “U”-shaped sternal cleft in a cat without respiratory symptoms underscores the necessity of documenting congenital anomalies. Comprehensive diagnostic imaging and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes in similar cases. Despite the rarity of sternal cleft, reporting these cases enhances understanding and informs clinical decision-making.

胸骨是小动物胸部解剖结构的重要组成部分，对保护胸内结构、保证胸部稳定和呼吸运动至关重要。评估胸骨在小动物实践中是至关重要的，典型的解剖包括8到9个胸骨和物种特异性变异。先天性胸骨异常，如漏斗胸、隆突胸和胸骨裂，虽然罕见，但具有重要的临床意义。胸骨裂，以胸骨不完全融合为特征，在兽医文献中特别罕见，文献记载的病例有限。一只2岁的绝育雄性家短毛猫，出现呕吐和厌食症，在小动物兽医医院接受了全面的诊断检查。实验室检查显示白细胞增多和肾功能不全。影像显示肾脏肿大、泌尿系统扩张、轻度支气管间质性肺及独特的胸骨结构。CT和三维重建证实了一个完整的“U”型胸骨裂，包括除柄突和第七胸骨外的所有胸骨。给予支持治疗，但猫死于全身并发症。小动物先天性胸骨异常，包括胸骨裂，是罕见的，通常与其他胸廓或腹部缺陷有关。该病例突出了诊断和处理此类异常的复杂性，强调了影像学对准确评估的重要性。本文报告了一只没有呼吸道症状的猫的完整“U”型胸骨裂，强调了记录先天性异常的必要性。综合诊断成像和多学科管理对于改善类似病例的预后至关重要。尽管罕见的胸骨裂，报告这些病例提高了解和告知临床决策。

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引用次数: 0

Infrared pupillometry to measure pupil light reflex in awake cats: Feasibility and evaluation pre- and post-opioid administration 红外瞳孔测量法测量清醒猫的瞳孔光反射：阿片类药物给药前后的可行性和评估

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105982

Mathieu Magnin , Léa Goffette , Stéphane Junot , Jeanne Marie Bonnet-Garin , Bernard Allaouchiche , Céline Pouzot-Nevoret

Assessing pupil diameter and pupillary light reflexes (PLR) in a clinical setting can be challenging due to the pupil's sensitivity to light and the rapid nature of these reflexes. Pupillometry is a technique that is helpful in human medicine in anesthesiology and critical care medicine. However, evidence in veterinary medicine is scarce on the application of pupillometry and analgesic response. Therefore, the aim of this pilot observational study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of portable pupillometry in cats, identify individual factors influencing pupillometric parameters, and compare measurements before and after analgesic administration. Twenty-eight cats, including healthy and hospitalized sick cats, underwent pupillometry using a Neurolight® device. Pupil diameter, PLR parameters, and 4 A-VET pain score were measured before and after opioid administration. Test-retest reliability was evaluated, and the influence of factors was analyzed using multivariate models. Pupillometry was feasible in 97 % of cats, with measurements being easier in hospitalized sick cats. Good reliability was observed for pupil diameter measurements, while PLR parameters showed poor reliability. Weight was significantly associated with pupil size, potentially due to the relationship between body weight and eyeball size. No association was found between pain scores and pupil diameter, and no significant changes in pupil size were observed after opioid administration. In conclusion, portable pupillometry using the Neurolight® is feasible in cats and provides reliable pupil diameter measurements. However, the device is not suitable for objective PLR assessment in this species. Further studies are needed to better understand the factors influencing pupillometry measurements in cats.

由于瞳孔对光的敏感性和这些反射的快速性质，在临床环境中评估瞳孔直径和瞳孔光反射（PLR）可能具有挑战性。瞳孔测量是一项在人类医学、麻醉学和危重病医学中有帮助的技术。然而，在兽医学中，关于瞳孔测量和镇痛反应的应用证据很少。因此，本初步观察研究的目的是评估便携式猫瞳孔测量仪的可行性和可靠性，确定影响瞳孔测量参数的个体因素，并比较给药前后的测量结果。28只猫，包括健康的和住院的病猫，使用Neurolight®设备进行了瞳孔测量。测量阿片类药物给药前后瞳孔直径、PLR参数及4 A-VET疼痛评分。评估重测信度，采用多变量模型分析各因素的影响。瞳孔测量在97%的猫中是可行的，在住院的病猫中测量更容易。瞳孔直径测量的信度较好，而PLR参数的信度较差。体重与瞳孔大小显著相关，这可能是由于体重和眼球大小之间的关系。疼痛评分与瞳孔直径无关联，阿片类药物治疗后瞳孔大小无明显变化。总之，使用Neurolight®的便携式瞳孔测量仪在猫中是可行的，并提供可靠的瞳孔直径测量。然而，该装置不适合用于该物种的客观PLR评估。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解影响猫瞳孔测量的因素。

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引用次数: 0

The cost divide: Why veterinary medicinal products for dogs and cats in the EU cost more than their human equivalents 成本差距：为什么欧盟的狗和猫的兽药比它们的人类同类产品贵

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105977

Alessandro Stasi , Alfonso Pellegrino

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the European Union (EU) pricing policies for veterinary medicinal products (VMPs), focusing on the comparative costs of human and pet veterinary formulations of common medications. It examines market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and structural factors that influence price disparities, drawing on case studies from Italy, France, and Germany. The analysis highlights the role of Regulation (EU) 2019/6, the evolution of the EU VMP market, and the specific economic and regulatory conditions that allow for significant price differences despite identical active ingredients. Using comparative data on furosemide, amoxicillin, benazepril, and prednisone, the paper identifies how lack of public price negotiation, high VAT rates, concentrated market structure, and limitations in pet insurance coverage contribute to affordability challenges. The findings provide policy-relevant insights into how the EU could better align VMP pricing with principles of accessibility, sustainability, and innovation.

本文全面分析了欧盟（EU）兽药产品（vmp）的定价政策，重点分析了常见药物的人类和宠物兽药配方的比较成本。它考察了影响价格差异的市场动态、监管框架和结构性因素，并借鉴了意大利、法国和德国的案例研究。该分析强调了法规（EU） 2019/6的作用，欧盟VMP市场的演变，以及特定的经济和监管条件，这些条件允许在相同的活性成分下存在显着的价格差异。通过对呋塞米、阿莫西林、苯那普利和强的松的比较数据，本文确定了缺乏公共价格谈判、高增值税税率、集中的市场结构以及宠物保险覆盖范围的限制是如何导致负担能力挑战的。研究结果为欧盟如何更好地将VMP定价与可及性、可持续性和创新原则结合起来提供了与政策相关的见解。

引用次数: 0

Stochastic modeling of bovine tuberculosis dynamics in white-tailed deer 白尾鹿牛结核动力学的随机模型

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105970

Brandon J. Simony , Ryan S. Miller , Lindsay M. Beck-Johnson , Samuel M. Smith , Colleen T. Webb

Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), poses an economic risk to the United States (U.S.) cattle industry. Although management has reduced herd-level prevalence, repeated spillback from wildlife reservoirs, such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), remains a major barrier to eradication. Here, we developed a stochastic simulation that incorporates seasonal changes in deer abundance (birth pulses and hunter harvest) and heterogeneity in contact behavior to predict bTB dynamics in wildlife. We then used this framework to identify mechanisms that shape bTB outbreak trajectories and prevalence. Our results indicate that the probability of bTB endemicity depends more on the number of infected animals than herd size and that fadeout was unlikely unless the outbreak failed to take off in the first place. We also observed that rare, but high contact individuals are enough to sustain above average bTB prevalence. Additionally, prevalence estimates using postmortem diagnostics on hunter-harvested animals provides a systematic underestimate of true prevalence, especially when disease prevalence is low. Finally, our results suggest that preventive measures, such as fencing and covered water and feed storage, may be necessary to further decrease bTB prevalence in deer and cattle given the low probability of fadeout in wildlife. Further, although prevalence estimates from hunter harvest may be imperfect, relative changes between years could be used as a tool to identify outbreaks or evaluate intervention effectiveness.

牛分枝杆菌是牛结核病（bTB）的病原体，对美国的养牛业构成经济风险。尽管管理已经降低了群体水平的患病率，但白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）等野生动物水库的反复溢出仍然是根除该病的主要障碍。在这里，我们开发了一个随机模拟，结合鹿丰度的季节性变化（出生脉冲和猎人收获）和接触行为的异质性来预测野生动物的bTB动态。然后，我们使用这个框架来确定形成bTB爆发轨迹和流行的机制。我们的研究结果表明，bTB流行的可能性更多地取决于受感染动物的数量，而不是种群规模，除非疫情一开始就没有爆发，否则这种消失是不可能的。我们还观察到，罕见但高度接触的个体足以维持高于平均水平的bTB患病率。此外，对狩猎所得动物进行死后诊断的流行率估计，系统性地低估了真实流行率，尤其是在疾病流行率较低的情况下。最后，我们的研究结果表明，考虑到野生动物的低衰退概率，有必要采取预防措施，如围栏和覆盖的水和饲料储存，以进一步降低鹿和牛的bTB患病率。此外，虽然从猎人收获的流行率估计可能不完美，但年份之间的相对变化可以用作确定疫情或评估干预效果的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of tightening locking screws torque on unscrewing ability and on the screw removal torque 锁紧螺钉力矩对旋开能力和螺钉拆下力矩的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105973

André Autefage, Claire Follope, Sophie Palierne

Objective

Some manufacturers recommend using torque-controlled screwdrivers to tighten locking screws to prevent problems removing the screw due to seizing of the screw in the plate hole or stripped screw head recess. Alternatively, increasing the tightening of the screws has been recommended to reduce the risk of their unlocking.

The aim of this study was to test the effect of screw insertion torques higher than the recommended torque on difficulty removing the screw and on the amount of unscrewing torque.

Study design

Stainless steel locking compression plates (LCP; Depuy Synthes) and 3.5 mm locking screws were implanted into synthetic bone models included in a customized 3D-printed template, allowing each screw tested to be aligned with a torquemeter. A total of 160 screws was used. Ten screws were tested at each torque of respectively, 1.5 Nm, 2.0 Nm, 2.5 Nm, 3.0 Nm, 3.5 Nm, 4.0 Nm, 4.5 Nm and 5.0 Nm. An additional screw was tightened and untightened in the same plate hole 10 times consecutively for each torque. Each screw tested was removed and the removal torque measured by the torque meter.

Results

All locking screws were easily unscrewed even with an insertion torque of 5.0 Nm. The removal torque was slightly lower than the insertion torque in 58.8 % of the cases and slightly larger in 41.2 %.

Conclusion

To improve screw retention, the recommended torque of 1.5 Nm for the 3.5 mm stainless steel locking screws tested can be increased to 2.0 or 2.5 Nm, without affecting their unscrewing ability.

目的部分厂家推荐使用力矩控制螺丝刀紧固锁定螺钉，防止因螺钉卡在钢板孔内或螺钉头凹处脱光导致取下螺钉的问题。另外，建议增加螺丝的拧紧程度，以降低其解锁的风险。本研究的目的是测试螺钉插入扭矩高于推荐扭矩对螺钉取出难度和拧开扭矩的影响。研究设计：将不锈钢锁定加压板（LCP; Depuy Synthes）和3.5 mm锁定螺钉植入定制的3d打印模板中的合成骨模型中，允许每个被测试螺钉与扭矩计对齐。共使用160颗螺钉。分别在1.5 Nm、2.0 Nm、2.5 Nm、3.0 Nm、3.5 Nm、4.0 Nm、4.5 Nm和5.0 Nm的扭矩下测试10个螺钉。每一扭矩在同一板孔内连续拧紧和松开一颗螺钉10次。将每个被测螺钉拆下，并通过扭矩计测量拆下扭矩。结果所有锁紧螺钉在插入扭矩为5.0 Nm时均可轻松拧开。58.8%的病例取出扭矩略小于插入扭矩，41.2%的病例取出扭矩略大于插入扭矩。结论对3.5 mm不锈钢锁紧螺钉，在不影响其拧开能力的情况下，可将推荐扭矩从1.5 Nm增加到2.0或2.5 Nm，以提高螺钉的固位能力。

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引用次数: 0