Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105994
Amalie C. Pedersen , Geng Pan , Helena Mejer , Thibaut Chabrillat , Simon Guillaume , Sylvain Kerros , Stig M. Thamsborg , Andrew R. Williams
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a serious problem in pig production, and control relies mainly on the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Alternative control options would be of high value to pig producers. In this study, we tested three different feed supplements for their anthelmintic properties using in vitro assays and an acute, controlled 15-day infection study with Ascaris suum in growing pigs. In vitro assays showed dose-dependent activity against A. suum for all three supplements. In vivo, A. suum larvae numbers were reduced by 57.9 % and 58.0 % by two of the supplements (containing garlic/areca and essential oils, respectively), but these differences were not statistically significant when compared to the control group (p = 0.13 and 0.09, respectively). Further large-scale cohort studies are required to confirm whether the tested feed supplements could act as alternative options to control A. suum infections.
{"title":"Activity of selected phytogenic feed additives against Ascaris suum infection in pigs","authors":"Amalie C. Pedersen , Geng Pan , Helena Mejer , Thibaut Chabrillat , Simon Guillaume , Sylvain Kerros , Stig M. Thamsborg , Andrew R. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal nematodes are a serious problem in pig production, and control relies mainly on the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Alternative control options would be of high value to pig producers. In this study, we tested three different feed supplements for their anthelmintic properties using <em>in vitro</em> assays and an acute, controlled 15-day infection study with <em>Ascaris suum</em> in growing pigs. <em>In vitro</em> assays showed dose-dependent activity against <em>A. suum</em> for all three supplements. <em>In vivo</em>, <em>A. suum</em> larvae numbers were reduced by 57.9 % and 58.0 % by two of the supplements (containing garlic/areca and essential oils, respectively), but these differences were not statistically significant when compared to the control group (<em>p</em> = 0.13 and 0.09, respectively). Further large-scale cohort studies are required to confirm whether the tested feed supplements could act as alternative options to control <em>A. suum</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105989
T.B. Stefanello , K.M. Cardinal , C. Orso , C.H. Franceschi , J.P. Silva , M.B. Mann , A.P.M. Varela , J. Severo , J. Frazzon , A.M.L. Ribeiro
This study evaluated the effect of Sodium Monensin or Phytogenic additive (based on Acacia concinna and Saccharum officinarum) on the gut microbiota and immune response of broiler chickens infected with E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima. A total of 120 male broiler were divided in 3 treatments: Control group (without infection and additives); Ionophore group (sodium monensin, 100 ppm + Eimeria challenged) and Phytogenic group (poly-herbal product at 750 ppm + Eimeria challenged). At 28 days, the intestinal content of four birds per treatment was collected for microbiota analysis by Miseq Illumina platform. Samples of jejunum-ileum were collected for mRNA gene transcription reactions using StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System. The intestinal microbiota was dominated by members of the phylum Firmicutes, regardless of treatment. Phytogenic group had a higher relative proportion of Firmicutes in the ileum-jejunum, and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes in the cecum, while Ionophore group exhibited a higher relative proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The Phytogenic group enhanced the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae, while monensin enhanced Lactobacillaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Clostridiaceae. Under a coccidiosis challenge, the ionophore and phytogenic additives modulated the immune system by increasing IL-6 and MUC13 gene transcription compared to the Control group. The phytogenic product, a mixture composed by A. concinna and S. officinarum, and sodium monensin enhanced the abundance of important bacterial groups for the establishment of a favorable intestinal microbiota in the face of an intestinal challenge. This study found that both phytogenic additives and sodium monensin altered gut microbiota composition and enhanced immune responses in broilers infected with Eimeria spp.
{"title":"Impact of phytogenic additive and sodium monensin on broiler gut microbiota and immune response to Eimeria infection","authors":"T.B. Stefanello , K.M. Cardinal , C. Orso , C.H. Franceschi , J.P. Silva , M.B. Mann , A.P.M. Varela , J. Severo , J. Frazzon , A.M.L. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of Sodium Monensin or Phytogenic additive (based on <em>Acacia concinna</em> and <em>Saccharum officinarum</em>) on the gut microbiota and immune response of broiler chickens infected with <em>E. tenella</em>, <em>E. acervulina</em>, and <em>E. maxima</em>. A total of 120 male broiler were divided in 3 treatments: Control group (without infection and additives); Ionophore group (sodium monensin, 100 ppm + <em>Eimeria</em> challenged) and Phytogenic group (poly-herbal product at 750 ppm + <em>Eimeria</em> challenged). At 28 days, the intestinal content of four birds per treatment was collected for microbiota analysis by Miseq Illumina platform. Samples of jejunum-ileum were collected for mRNA gene transcription reactions using StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System. The intestinal microbiota was dominated by members of the phylum Firmicutes, regardless of treatment. Phytogenic group had a higher relative proportion of Firmicutes in the ileum-jejunum, and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes in the cecum, while Ionophore group exhibited a higher relative proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The Phytogenic group enhanced the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae, while monensin enhanced Lactobacillaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Clostridiaceae. Under a coccidiosis challenge, the ionophore and phytogenic additives modulated the immune system by increasing <em>IL-6</em> and <em>MUC13</em> gene transcription compared to the Control group. The phytogenic product, a mixture composed by <em>A. concinna</em> and <em>S. officinarum,</em> and sodium monensin enhanced the abundance of important bacterial groups for the establishment of a favorable intestinal microbiota in the face of an intestinal challenge. This study found that both phytogenic additives and sodium monensin altered gut microbiota composition and enhanced immune responses in broilers infected with <em>Eimeria</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105991
Randa Y. Thabet , Sameh M. Farouk , Shahad M. Elkim , Ashraf Y. El-Dakar , Sherifa H. Ahmed , Dalia S. Hamza , Omar Abdel-hamed Ahmed-Farid , Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz
Despite the ubiquitous usage of nanoparticles (Ns), there are still significant gaps of knowledge regarding the impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNs) on one of the economically important fish species as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNs) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzymes levels, digestive enzyme activity, and histopathological changes of different studied tissues such as gills and liver in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that exposed to various concentrations of AuNs (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μgL−1) respectively as aqueous exposure, particularly in the context of heavy metal exposure. Fish were randomly distributed in 15 glass aquariums (70 L) at a stocking rate of 20 fish/aquarium (treatment = 3 aquariums: 60 fish). Fish were within an initial average weight of 4.02 g ± 0.27 and fed a commercial diet containing 30 % crude protein (CP) at a feeding rate of 4 % of biomass. Results showed improvements in growth with AuNs exposure, but the survival rate decreased with increasing concentrations of AuNs exposure. The 20 μg L−1 AuNs group exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR: 3.45 %/day), representing a 17.7 %/day increase compared to the control (2.93 %/day), alongside a 44.7 % reduction in survival rate (52.55 % vs. 95 % in controls). Intermediate concentrations (e.g., 5 or 10 μg L-1 AuNs) improved SGR (3.16 and 3.23 %/day) with less severe survival impacts (92.5 and 75 %, respectively).
Also, increasing doses of AuNs led to negative effects on physiological status and histological study of the liver and gills. Fish that were exposed to ≤5 μg L−1 exhibited the highest survival rate and enhanced resistance to heavy-metal challenge. It can be recommended that aqueous exposure to gold nanoparticles requires further studies, and it appears that doses less than 5 μm may have positive effects on growth and immune functions.
{"title":"Growth, physiological responses, and histopathological changes of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings exposed to aqueous gold nanoparticles (AuNs) at high stocking density","authors":"Randa Y. Thabet , Sameh M. Farouk , Shahad M. Elkim , Ashraf Y. El-Dakar , Sherifa H. Ahmed , Dalia S. Hamza , Omar Abdel-hamed Ahmed-Farid , Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the ubiquitous usage of nanoparticles (Ns), there are still significant gaps of knowledge regarding the impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNs) on one of the economically important fish species as Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNs) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzymes levels, digestive enzyme activity, and histopathological changes of different studied tissues such as gills and liver in Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) that exposed to various concentrations of AuNs (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μgL<sup>−1</sup>) respectively as aqueous exposure, particularly in the context of heavy metal exposure. Fish were randomly distributed in 15 glass aquariums (70 L) at a stocking rate of 20 fish/aquarium (treatment = 3 aquariums: 60 fish). Fish were within an initial average weight of 4.02 g ± 0.27 and fed a commercial diet containing 30 % crude protein (CP) at a feeding rate of 4 % of biomass. Results showed improvements in growth with AuNs exposure, but the survival rate decreased with increasing concentrations of AuNs exposure. The 20 μg L<sup>−1</sup> AuNs group exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR: 3.45 %/day), representing a 17.7 %/day increase compared to the control (2.93 %/day), alongside a 44.7 % reduction in survival rate (52.55 % vs. 95 % in controls). Intermediate concentrations (e.g., 5 or 10 μg L-1 AuNs) improved SGR (3.16 and 3.23 %/day) with less severe survival impacts (92.5 and 75 %, respectively).</div><div>Also, increasing doses of AuNs led to negative effects on physiological status and histological study of the liver and gills. Fish that were exposed to ≤5 μg L<sup>−1</sup> exhibited the highest survival rate and enhanced resistance to heavy-metal challenge. It can be recommended that aqueous exposure to gold nanoparticles requires further studies, and it appears that doses less than 5 μm may have positive effects on growth and immune functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myostatin (MSTN) and Callipyge (CLPG) genes are key regulators of muscle growth. While MSTN inhibits muscle development, the CLPG mutation induces muscle hypertrophy through a specific imprinted genetic mechanism. The interaction between these genes remains of interest for improving livestock muscle traits. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to edit MSTN and CLPG genes in goat fibroblast cells via electrotransfection. Cells were selected using puromycin antibiotic, and gene-editing efficiency was evaluated through Sanger sequencing. Gene expression changes were analyzed using RT-qPCR analysis. MSTN gene knockout resulted in significant downregulation of MSTN and CLPG, while GTL2 expression was upregulated by more than 50-fold. Additionally, myosin heavy chain genes (MYH1, MYH3, MYH4) were strongly upregulated, with MYH3 13-fold and MYH4 30-fold increase in the expression. In CLPG-edited cells, the expression of MSTN, TRIM28, and CLPG was reduced, while GTL2 was upregulated by 6-fold. MYH3 and MYH4 expression increased 4-fold in CLPG-edited cells, though the increase was less pronounced compared to MSTN-edited cells. DLK1 expression was undetectable in both non-edited control and gene-edited fibroblast cells. Our findings support the interaction between MSTN and CLPG, contributing to the regulation of muscle growth. Notably, the study also highlights the challenges associated with editing imprinted genes like CLPG and suggests that TRIM28 may play a role downstream of CLPG regulation. These results provide valuable insights into muscle development regulation, offering potential applications in livestock genetic improvement.
{"title":"Crosstalk between myostatin and callipyge in CRISPR/Cas9-edited goat fibroblast cells","authors":"Helia Fathpour , Mansooreh Fouladi , Farnoosh Jafarpour , Reza Moradi-Hajidavaloo , Tayebeh Izadi , Hanieh Shiralian-Esfahani , Wilfried Kues , Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani , Mehdi Hajian , Shahin Eghbalsaied","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myostatin (<em>MSTN</em>) and Callipyge (<em>CLPG</em>) genes are key regulators of muscle growth. While MSTN inhibits muscle development, the <em>CLPG</em> mutation induces muscle hypertrophy through a specific imprinted genetic mechanism. The interaction between these genes remains of interest for improving livestock muscle traits. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to edit <em>MSTN</em> and <em>CLPG</em> genes in goat fibroblast cells via electrotransfection. Cells were selected using puromycin antibiotic, and gene-editing efficiency was evaluated through Sanger sequencing. Gene expression changes were analyzed using RT-qPCR analysis. <em>MSTN</em> gene knockout resulted in significant downregulation of <em>MSTN</em> and <em>CLPG</em>, while <em>GTL2</em> expression was upregulated by more than 50-fold. Additionally, myosin heavy chain genes (<em>MYH1</em>, <em>MYH3</em>, <em>MYH4</em>) were strongly upregulated, with <em>MYH3</em> 13-fold and <em>MYH4</em> 30-fold increase in the expression. In <em>CLPG</em>-edited cells, the expression of <em>MSTN</em>, <em>TRIM28</em>, and <em>CLPG</em> was reduced, while <em>GTL2</em> was upregulated by 6-fold. <em>MYH3</em> and <em>MYH4</em> expression increased 4-fold in <em>CLPG</em>-edited cells, though the increase was less pronounced compared to <em>MSTN</em>-edited cells. <em>DLK1</em> expression was undetectable in both non-edited control and gene-edited fibroblast cells. Our findings support the interaction between <em>MSTN</em> and <em>CLPG</em>, contributing to the regulation of muscle growth. Notably, the study also highlights the challenges associated with editing imprinted genes like <em>CLPG</em> and suggests that <em>TRIM28</em> may play a role downstream of <em>CLPG</em> regulation. These results provide valuable insights into muscle development regulation, offering potential applications in livestock genetic improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incorporating agricultural by-products into animal diets represents a sustainable strategy to enhance animal health and product quality. Olive leaves, rich in bioactive compounds such as oleuropein, exhibit notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with an environmentally friendly, oleuropein-enriched OLE (OLE) on broiler chickens. A total of 480 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: a control diet - CF (T1), CF + 1 % OLE (T2), CF + 2.5 % OLE (T3), and CF + 0.1 % encapsulated oregano oil (T4, positive control). Over 42 days, growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, foot pad health, and meat quality were assessed. While T4 showed superior growth performance, the 1 % OLE diet significantly improved intestinal morphology and meat quality. A dose-dependent yellow pigmentation of the foot pad was observed in OLE-treated groups. Additionally, breast tenderness and darker thigh coloration improved in OLE-fed broilers. These findings suggest that 1 % OLE can be a viable natural additive to support gut health and meat quality in broilers, with comparable antioxidant effects to oregano oil and no adverse outcomes.
将农业副产品纳入动物饲料是提高动物健康和产品质量的可持续战略。橄榄叶富含橄榄苦苷等生物活性化合物，具有显著的抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎特性。本研究评价了饲粮中添加一种富含橄榄苦苷的环保型OLE （OLE）对肉鸡的影响。选取480日龄雏鸡，随机分为4组：对照饲粮- CF （T1）、CF + 1% OLE （T2）、CF + 2.5% OLE （T3）和CF + 0.1%胶囊牛至油（T4，阳性对照）。在42 d内，对生长性能、胴体特性、肠道形态、脚垫健康和肉品质进行评估。虽然T4表现出优异的生长性能，但1% OLE日粮显著改善了肠道形态和肉品质。在ole处理组中观察到足垫的剂量依赖性黄色色素沉着。此外，ole饲养肉鸡的乳房柔软度和大腿颜色较深有所改善。这些研究结果表明，1% OLE是一种可行的天然添加剂，可支持肉鸡肠道健康和肉品质，具有与牛至油相当的抗氧化效果，且无不良后果。
{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of an oleuropein-enriched olive leaf extract on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal health, foot pad parameters and meat quality of broilers","authors":"Konstantina Vasilopoulou , Georgios A. Papadopoulos , Styliani Lioliopoulou , Leandros Skaltsounis , Panagiotis Stathopoulos , Ioanna Stylianaki , Dimitrios Galamatis , Vasileios Tsiouris , Georgios Arsenos , Ilias Giannenas","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating agricultural by-products into animal diets represents a sustainable strategy to enhance animal health and product quality. Olive leaves, rich in bioactive compounds such as oleuropein, exhibit notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with an environmentally friendly, oleuropein-enriched OLE (OLE) on broiler chickens. A total of 480 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: a control diet - CF (T1), CF + 1 % OLE (T2), CF + 2.5 % OLE (T3), and CF + 0.1 % encapsulated oregano oil (T4, positive control). Over 42 days, growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, foot pad health, and meat quality were assessed. While T4 showed superior growth performance, the 1 % OLE diet significantly improved intestinal morphology and meat quality. A dose-dependent yellow pigmentation of the foot pad was observed in OLE-treated groups. Additionally, breast tenderness and darker thigh coloration improved in OLE-fed broilers. These findings suggest that 1 % OLE can be a viable natural additive to support gut health and meat quality in broilers, with comparable antioxidant effects to oregano oil and no adverse outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105993
Ersoy Baydar , Ugur Aydogdu , Feyyaz Kaya , Muharrem Erol
Iron is an important mineral involved in various physiological processes and can be used as a biomarker, since its serum concentration changes during the inflammatory response. Eight crossbreed dogs with closed fractures in the antebrachium bone were included in the study. The fracture was treated with a closed reduction method and blood samples were taken initially at 0 h and subsequently at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. Iron, ferritin, hepcidin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) as well as routine hemogram and biochemistry analyses were performed in the blood samples taken. It was determined that the decrease in serum Fe levels reversed as the process progressed even though hepcidin, ferritin, osteocalcin, BALP, and TNF-α levels increased at the beginning of the healing process. As a result, it can be suggested that the analysis of serum Fe levels may be a useful biomarker in monitoring the fracture healing process.
{"title":"Serum iron levels as a biomarker for monitoring fracture healing in dogs: A longitudinal study","authors":"Ersoy Baydar , Ugur Aydogdu , Feyyaz Kaya , Muharrem Erol","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is an important mineral involved in various physiological processes and can be used as a biomarker, since its serum concentration changes during the inflammatory response. Eight crossbreed dogs with closed fractures in the antebrachium bone were included in the study. The fracture was treated with a closed reduction method and blood samples were taken initially at 0 h and subsequently at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. Iron, ferritin, hepcidin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) as well as routine hemogram and biochemistry analyses were performed in the blood samples taken. It was determined that the decrease in serum Fe levels reversed as the process progressed even though hepcidin, ferritin, osteocalcin, BALP, and TNF-α levels increased at the beginning of the healing process. As a result, it can be suggested that the analysis of serum Fe levels may be a useful biomarker in monitoring the fracture healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105993"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105988
Ilaria Resci , Marta Raffaelli , Francesca Pedonese , Mario Forzan , Filippo Fratini , Sonia Salvucci , Beatrice Torracca , Margherita Marzoni , Barbara Turchi
Salmonellosis is the second most prevalent foodborne disease in Europe, with eggs, mixed foods, and broiler meat being the primary sources of transmission. Among human salmonellosis cases, the most prevalent Salmonella enterica serovars are S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and monophasic S. Typhimurium. However, S. Infantis and S. Newport are the most frequently detected serovars in broiler and turkey meat, respectively. Over time, Salmonella spp. have developed multidrug resistance, and the global rise of antimicrobial resistance has driven the search for alternative strategies to antimicrobials use. Probiotics represent a promising alternative to antimicrobials, with the added benefit of enhancing production performance. This study aimed to isolate lactobacilli from chickens of Italian native breeds to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility, probiotic potential (tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts), and anti-Salmonella activity against S. enterica strains previously isolated from poultry meat. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on all 205 obtained isolates as a preliminary screening. Only nine isolates (4.4 %) were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. Among them, one strain exhibited notable probiotic potential and anti-Salmonella activity. Lactobacillus kitasatonis VALFI55 demonstrated survival at acidic pH for up to 120 min and tolerance to bile salt concentrations of 0.3 % and 1 %, with limited reduction in viable cell counts compared to other isolates. Furthermore, L. kitasatonis VALFI55 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, particularly against S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis. The VALFI55 strain represents a promising probiotic candidate for application in poultry breeding. However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm its beneficial effects.
{"title":"Lactobacilli isolated from chickens of Italian native breeds: Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, probiotic potential and anti-Salmonella activity","authors":"Ilaria Resci , Marta Raffaelli , Francesca Pedonese , Mario Forzan , Filippo Fratini , Sonia Salvucci , Beatrice Torracca , Margherita Marzoni , Barbara Turchi","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salmonellosis is the second most prevalent foodborne disease in Europe, with eggs, mixed foods, and broiler meat being the primary sources of transmission. Among human salmonellosis cases, the most prevalent <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars are <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, and monophasic S. Typhimurium. However, <em>S.</em> Infantis and <em>S.</em> Newport are the most frequently detected serovars in broiler and turkey meat, respectively. Over time, <em>Salmonella</em> spp. have developed multidrug resistance, and the global rise of antimicrobial resistance has driven the search for alternative strategies to antimicrobials use. Probiotics represent a promising alternative to antimicrobials, with the added benefit of enhancing production performance. This study aimed to isolate lactobacilli from chickens of Italian native breeds to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility, probiotic potential (tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts), and anti-<em>Salmonella</em> activity against <em>S. enterica</em> strains previously isolated from poultry meat. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on all 205 obtained isolates as a preliminary screening. Only nine isolates (4.4 %) were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. Among them, one strain exhibited notable probiotic potential and anti-<em>Salmonella</em> activity. <em>Lactobacillus kitasatonis</em> VALFI55 demonstrated survival at acidic pH for up to 120 min and tolerance to bile salt concentrations of 0.3 % and 1 %, with limited reduction in viable cell counts compared to other isolates. Furthermore, <em>L. kitasatonis</em> VALFI55 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, particularly against <em>S.</em> Typhimurium and <em>S.</em> Infantis. The VALFI55 strain represents a promising probiotic candidate for application in poultry breeding. However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm its beneficial effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105986
M.R. Emami, M. Najafi
Ascites syndrome is a multifactorial metabolic disorder in broiler chickens, characterized by pulmonary hypertension, fluid accumulation, and high mortality, leading to significant economic losses. The oxysterol-binding protein-like 6 gene (OSBPL6) has been associated with ascites susceptibility, but its molecular role remains unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to perform a comprehensive in-silico analysis of chicken OSBPL6, including analyses of physicochemical properties, structural features, post-translational modifications, protein–protein interactions, promoter motifs, and tissue-specific expression to elucidate its involvement in ascites syndrome pathogenesis in broiler chickens. OSBPL6 encodes a 978-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 110,905.88 Da, exhibiting predominantly hydrophilic characteristics (GRAVY = −0.583), moderate thermostability (aliphatic index = 76.45), and predicted instability in vitro (instability index = 65.47). Analysis revealed 134 phosphorylation sites and 6 glycosylation sites, indicating extensive post-translational regulation. Subcellular localization predictions suggested cytoplasmic residence with peripheral membrane associations and potential nucleocytoplasmic shuttling capability. Conserved PH, ORD, and FFAT domains were identified, supporting roles in sterol transport and lipid binding functions. Among structural models generated, trRosetta showed the highest reliability (QMEANDisCo =0.66, ERRAT = 94.3 %). Protein–protein interaction analysis linked OSBPL6 to pathways related to cardiac hypertrophy, muscle metabolism, and oxidative stress responses. Promoter analysis identified transcription factor binding sites linked to vascular remodeling, myocardial hypertrophy, and muscle development. Expression profiling showed highest OSBPL6 expression in skeletal muscle and elevated levels in cardiac tissue, consistent with ascites-associated pathophysiology. This integrative analysis highlights OSBPL6 as a candidate regulator of muscle growth and cardiopulmonary remodeling, with potential as a biomarker for genetic selection against ascites in broiler chickens.
{"title":"In silico characterization of the OSBPL6 gene and its potential role in ascites syndrome in broiler chickens","authors":"M.R. Emami, M. Najafi","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ascites syndrome is a multifactorial metabolic disorder in broiler chickens, characterized by pulmonary hypertension, fluid accumulation, and high mortality, leading to significant economic losses. The oxysterol-binding protein-like 6 gene (OSBPL6) has been associated with ascites susceptibility, but its molecular role remains unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to perform a comprehensive in-silico analysis of chicken OSBPL6, including analyses of physicochemical properties, structural features, post-translational modifications, protein–protein interactions, promoter motifs, and tissue-specific expression to elucidate its involvement in ascites syndrome pathogenesis in broiler chickens. OSBPL6 encodes a 978-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 110,905.88 Da, exhibiting predominantly hydrophilic characteristics (GRAVY = −0.583), moderate thermostability (aliphatic index = 76.45), and predicted instability in vitro (instability index = 65.47). Analysis revealed 134 phosphorylation sites and 6 glycosylation sites, indicating extensive post-translational regulation. Subcellular localization predictions suggested cytoplasmic residence with peripheral membrane associations and potential nucleocytoplasmic shuttling capability. Conserved PH, ORD, and FFAT domains were identified, supporting roles in sterol transport and lipid binding functions. Among structural models generated, trRosetta showed the highest reliability (QMEANDisCo =0.66, ERRAT = 94.3 %). Protein–protein interaction analysis linked OSBPL6 to pathways related to cardiac hypertrophy, muscle metabolism, and oxidative stress responses. Promoter analysis identified transcription factor binding sites linked to vascular remodeling, myocardial hypertrophy, and muscle development. Expression profiling showed highest OSBPL6 expression in skeletal muscle and elevated levels in cardiac tissue, consistent with ascites-associated pathophysiology. This integrative analysis highlights OSBPL6 as a candidate regulator of muscle growth and cardiopulmonary remodeling, with potential as a biomarker for genetic selection against ascites in broiler chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105987
Hellen N.C.M. Miranda , Alessandro J.F. dos Santos , Katyane de S. Almeida , José C. Ribeiro-Júnior
Broiler chicken raised in semi-closed or completely free-range systems are challenged by more environmental variables that can compromise the biosecurity and microbiological quality and safety of the final product from this type of production. This study investigated Salmonella serotypes in Brazilian Amazon free-range broiler chicken farms in a tropical climate region, comparing the efficacy of the official collection methods of poultry sheds (drag swabs, footpads, and cecal feces) and the rainy and dry seasons typical of the region. Specific qualitative microbiological cultures, confirmation of identity by genus-specific PCR (invA), and determination of Salmonella serotypes by real-time PCR were performed on all free-range poultry farms in Tocantins, North Brazil. In total, 935 suggestive isolates were recovered using the three collection methods in both seasons, of which 90 (9.5 %) were positive for invA. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the collection methods or between the rainy and dry seasons. Salmonella Mbandaka, S. Panama, and S. Javiana were identified on different free-range poultry farms. Although the main serotypes of importance in poultry and public health were not identified, according to Brazilian regulations, the results did not compromise the processing of batches for fresh trade, reinforcing the need to support surveillance programs, animal health defense, and epidemiological measures of a one-health approach to control the pathogen in the chain of free-range broiler chickens raised in tropical climate regions.
{"title":"Main Salmonella serotypes in free-range Amazon broiler chicken farms: Comparison between collection methods and seasonal period in tropical regions","authors":"Hellen N.C.M. Miranda , Alessandro J.F. dos Santos , Katyane de S. Almeida , José C. Ribeiro-Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broiler chicken raised in semi-closed or completely free-range systems are challenged by more environmental variables that can compromise the biosecurity and microbiological quality and safety of the final product from this type of production. This study investigated <em>Salmonella</em> serotypes in Brazilian Amazon free-range broiler chicken farms in a tropical climate region, comparing the efficacy of the official collection methods of poultry sheds (drag swabs, footpads, and cecal feces) and the rainy and dry seasons typical of the region. Specific qualitative microbiological cultures, confirmation of identity by genus-specific PCR (<em>invA</em>), and determination of <em>Salmonella</em> serotypes by real-time PCR were performed on all free-range poultry farms in Tocantins, North Brazil. In total, 935 suggestive isolates were recovered using the three collection methods in both seasons, of which 90 (9.5 %) were positive for <em>invA</em>. There were no significant differences (<em>p</em> > 0.05) between the collection methods or between the rainy and dry seasons. <em>Salmonella</em> Mbandaka, <em>S. Panama</em>, and <em>S.</em> Javiana were identified on different free-range poultry farms. Although the main serotypes of importance in poultry and public health were not identified, according to Brazilian regulations, the results did not compromise the processing of batches for fresh trade, reinforcing the need to support surveillance programs, animal health defense, and epidemiological measures of a one-health approach to control the pathogen in the chain of free-range broiler chickens raised in tropical climate regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105985
Dong-Hyeok Kwon , Hanbyul Kwon , Goo Jang
Organoid research has been extensively developed and investigated in humans and rodents; however, its applications in livestock species remain comparatively limited. To address this knowledge gap, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the historical evolution, establishment protocols, and current organ-specific applications of livestock-derived organoids, spanning tissues such as the intestine, liver, lung, kidney, testis, mammary gland, and reproductive tract. These self-organizing three-dimensional cultures serve as powerful platforms for investigating fundamental questions in veterinary science, from modeling host–pathogen interactions in infectious diseases to exploring the complex biology of reproduction, toxicology, and productivity. Additionally, recent advances in bioengineering and genome-editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, base editing, and prime editing, are highlighted for their potential to enhance the physiological relevance and reproducibility of livestock organoid systems. Despite ongoing challenges, including the lack of standardized protocols, limited availability of pluripotent stem cell–derived models, and insufficient multicellular complexity, livestock organoids represent a strategically important frontier in veterinary science and agricultural biotechnology. In conclusion, the combination of stem cell biology, microphysiological platforms, and genetic engineering positions livestock organoids as indispensable tools for veterinary medicine, agricultural innovation, and translational biomedical research.
{"title":"Organoid-based platforms in livestock: Current advances and future prospects","authors":"Dong-Hyeok Kwon , Hanbyul Kwon , Goo Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organoid research has been extensively developed and investigated in humans and rodents; however, its applications in livestock species remain comparatively limited. To address this knowledge gap, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the historical evolution, establishment protocols, and current organ-specific applications of livestock-derived organoids, spanning tissues such as the intestine, liver, lung, kidney, testis, mammary gland, and reproductive tract. These self-organizing three-dimensional cultures serve as powerful platforms for investigating fundamental questions in veterinary science, from modeling host–pathogen interactions in infectious diseases to exploring the complex biology of reproduction, toxicology, and productivity. Additionally, recent advances in bioengineering and genome-editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, base editing, and prime editing, are highlighted for their potential to enhance the physiological relevance and reproducibility of livestock organoid systems. Despite ongoing challenges, including the lack of standardized protocols, limited availability of pluripotent stem cell–derived models, and insufficient multicellular complexity, livestock organoids represent a strategically important frontier in veterinary science and agricultural biotechnology. In conclusion, the combination of stem cell biology, microphysiological platforms, and genetic engineering positions livestock organoids as indispensable tools for veterinary medicine, agricultural innovation, and translational biomedical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 105985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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