Mohamed A. Abdel-Lateef, A. Almahri, S. Derayea, E. Samir
Abstract In this work, a resonance Rayleigh scattering technique and a spectrofluorimetric technique were applied to the quantification of cyclobenzaprine through two validated methods. The suggested methods are based on a facile association complex formation between cyclobenzaprine and eosin Y reagent in the acidic medium. The resonance Rayleigh scattering method relied on the enhancement in the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectrum of eosin Y at 370 nm after the addition of cyclobenzaprine. On the other hand, the spectrofluorimetric quantification relied on the quenching effect of cyclobenzaprine on the fluorescence strength of the eosin Y reagent at 545 nm (excitation wavelength at 300 nm). The suggested methods were linear over the ranges of 0.07–1.75 μg/mL and 0.15–2.0 μg/mL with detection limit values of 0.023 μg/mL and 0.048 μg/mL for the resonance Rayleigh scattering method and the spectrofluorimetric method, respectively. All reaction conditions for cyclobenzaprine–eosin Y formation were experimentally evaluated and optimized. In addition, both methods were validated based on ICH rules. Furthermore, the developed methods were practically applied to the analysis of cyclobenzaprine in its commercial tablet dosage form with acceptable recoveries. Moreover, the content uniformity test of the commercial cyclobenzaprine tablets was successfully applied using the proposed spectroscopic methods based on USP rules.
{"title":"Xanthene based resonance Rayleigh scattering and spectrofluorimetric probes for the determination of cyclobenzaprine: Application to content uniformity test","authors":"Mohamed A. Abdel-Lateef, A. Almahri, S. Derayea, E. Samir","doi":"10.1515/revac-2020-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2020-0120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, a resonance Rayleigh scattering technique and a spectrofluorimetric technique were applied to the quantification of cyclobenzaprine through two validated methods. The suggested methods are based on a facile association complex formation between cyclobenzaprine and eosin Y reagent in the acidic medium. The resonance Rayleigh scattering method relied on the enhancement in the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectrum of eosin Y at 370 nm after the addition of cyclobenzaprine. On the other hand, the spectrofluorimetric quantification relied on the quenching effect of cyclobenzaprine on the fluorescence strength of the eosin Y reagent at 545 nm (excitation wavelength at 300 nm). The suggested methods were linear over the ranges of 0.07–1.75 μg/mL and 0.15–2.0 μg/mL with detection limit values of 0.023 μg/mL and 0.048 μg/mL for the resonance Rayleigh scattering method and the spectrofluorimetric method, respectively. All reaction conditions for cyclobenzaprine–eosin Y formation were experimentally evaluated and optimized. In addition, both methods were validated based on ICH rules. Furthermore, the developed methods were practically applied to the analysis of cyclobenzaprine in its commercial tablet dosage form with acceptable recoveries. Moreover, the content uniformity test of the commercial cyclobenzaprine tablets was successfully applied using the proposed spectroscopic methods based on USP rules.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"233 1","pages":"222 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74526269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The quantification of the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces is crucial for design and synthesis functional hybrid bionanomaterials for materials science, nanotechnology, biosensor, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and other applications. Atomic force spectroscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) provides a direct way for measuring the binding and unbinding forces between various biomolecules (such as DNA, protein, peptide, antibody, antigen, and others) and different materials interfaces. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the advance of SMFS technique for studying the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces. To achieve this aim, firstly we introduce the methods for the functionalization of AFM tip and the preparation of functional materials interfaces, as well as typical operation modes of SMFS including dynamic force spectroscopy, force mapping, and force clamping. Then, typical cases of SMFS for studying the interactions of various biomolecules with materials interfaces are presented in detail. In addition, potential applications of the SMFS-based determination of the biomolecule-materials interactions for biosensors, DNA based mis-match, and calculation of binding free energies are also demonstrated and discussed. We believe this work will provide preliminary but important information for readers to understand the principles of SMFS experiments, and at the same time, inspire the utilization of SMFS technique for studying the intermolecular, intramolecular, and molecule-material interactions, which will be valuable to promote the reasonable design of biomolecule-based hybrid nanomaterials.
{"title":"Single-molecule force spectroscopy: A facile technique for studying the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces","authors":"Li Wang, Y. Qian, Yantao Sun, B. Liu, Gang Wei","doi":"10.1515/revac-2020-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2020-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quantification of the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces is crucial for design and synthesis functional hybrid bionanomaterials for materials science, nanotechnology, biosensor, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and other applications. Atomic force spectroscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) provides a direct way for measuring the binding and unbinding forces between various biomolecules (such as DNA, protein, peptide, antibody, antigen, and others) and different materials interfaces. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the advance of SMFS technique for studying the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces. To achieve this aim, firstly we introduce the methods for the functionalization of AFM tip and the preparation of functional materials interfaces, as well as typical operation modes of SMFS including dynamic force spectroscopy, force mapping, and force clamping. Then, typical cases of SMFS for studying the interactions of various biomolecules with materials interfaces are presented in detail. In addition, potential applications of the SMFS-based determination of the biomolecule-materials interactions for biosensors, DNA based mis-match, and calculation of binding free energies are also demonstrated and discussed. We believe this work will provide preliminary but important information for readers to understand the principles of SMFS experiments, and at the same time, inspire the utilization of SMFS technique for studying the intermolecular, intramolecular, and molecule-material interactions, which will be valuable to promote the reasonable design of biomolecule-based hybrid nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":"116 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80775572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bobrowska-Korczak, D. Skrajnowska, J. Giebułtowicz, A. Kiss
Abstract Given the strong associations between diet and cancer risk, there is considerable scientific interest in determining whether dietary factors associated with prostate cancer cell implantation may influence epigenetic alternations. The aim of the research was to assess impact of selected trace elements (selenium, zinc and copper) on the kinetics of changes (10-13-14-21 week of life cycle of rats) in the level of 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 1-methylguanine and 8-oxo-guanine in the urine of rats with implanted prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). Modified nucleobases were determined by validated high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. In the presented model the implantation of rats with cancer cells did not affect the level of the examined biomarkers in the rats’ urine. The level of methyl derivatives was statistically significantly reduced with the age of the examined rats. The implantation of rats with cancer cells results in the appearance of tumors in 71% of the rats obtaining the standard diet and respectively in 25% of those supplemented with selenium. Supplementation with selenium affects both the effectiveness of tumor induction and the concentration of 7-MeG, 3-MeA, 1-MeG and 8-oxoG in urine of the examined rats. These findings show that modified nucleosides can play an important role in cancer prevention.
{"title":"The effect of selenium, zinc and copper on the excretion of urinary modified nucleobases in rats treated with prostate cancer cells","authors":"B. Bobrowska-Korczak, D. Skrajnowska, J. Giebułtowicz, A. Kiss","doi":"10.1515/revac-2020-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2020-0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the strong associations between diet and cancer risk, there is considerable scientific interest in determining whether dietary factors associated with prostate cancer cell implantation may influence epigenetic alternations. The aim of the research was to assess impact of selected trace elements (selenium, zinc and copper) on the kinetics of changes (10-13-14-21 week of life cycle of rats) in the level of 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 1-methylguanine and 8-oxo-guanine in the urine of rats with implanted prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). Modified nucleobases were determined by validated high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. In the presented model the implantation of rats with cancer cells did not affect the level of the examined biomarkers in the rats’ urine. The level of methyl derivatives was statistically significantly reduced with the age of the examined rats. The implantation of rats with cancer cells results in the appearance of tumors in 71% of the rats obtaining the standard diet and respectively in 25% of those supplemented with selenium. Supplementation with selenium affects both the effectiveness of tumor induction and the concentration of 7-MeG, 3-MeA, 1-MeG and 8-oxoG in urine of the examined rats. These findings show that modified nucleosides can play an important role in cancer prevention.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":"106 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88392116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder. The symptoms of ADHD include difficulty in attention, memory and impulse control. Many pharmaceutical formulations (stimulants and non-stimulants) are available on the market to treat ADHD symptoms. The most commonly used drugs for treatment are amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, bupropion, guanfacine and clonidine. In the field of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis is an important tool used for the quantification of drugs and their metabolites present in biological samples using various analytical methods. Although a number of analytical methods were reported for the quantification of these drugs in biological samples of experimental animals, due to species differences, it is important to develop analytical methods to quantify these drugs in human biological samples to aid forensic and pharmacokinetic studies. In this review, we compile the bio-analytical methods such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography used for the quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples such as blood, plasma, serum, oral fluids, sweat, hair and urine based on earlier published articles from various journals.
{"title":"Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples","authors":"J. Sundari, S. Amuthalakshmi, C. Nalini","doi":"10.1515/revac-2020-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2020-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder. The symptoms of ADHD include difficulty in attention, memory and impulse control. Many pharmaceutical formulations (stimulants and non-stimulants) are available on the market to treat ADHD symptoms. The most commonly used drugs for treatment are amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, bupropion, guanfacine and clonidine. In the field of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis is an important tool used for the quantification of drugs and their metabolites present in biological samples using various analytical methods. Although a number of analytical methods were reported for the quantification of these drugs in biological samples of experimental animals, due to species differences, it is important to develop analytical methods to quantify these drugs in human biological samples to aid forensic and pharmacokinetic studies. In this review, we compile the bio-analytical methods such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography used for the quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples such as blood, plasma, serum, oral fluids, sweat, hair and urine based on earlier published articles from various journals.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"130 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82971258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Glutathione is a natural tripeptide that plays a major role in different physiological processes in the human body. Determination of glutathione in different body fluids and tissues is essential for early diagnosis and follow-up of various diseases. The assay of glutathione is problematic because of the high polarity, the limited stability, and the aliphatic structure, which lacks the appropriate chromophore for UV detection. A number of methods have been reported for determination of glutathione using different techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed in both reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction modes. Electrochemical methods exploited the redox activity of glutathione to allow for quantification by different electrodes after chemical modification, including glassy carbon, carbon paste, and nanocomposite electrodes. Capillary zone electrophoresis was used with less need for derivatization which makes it simpler, faster, and more economic. A number of nanosensors and probes have been developed to assay glutathione in biological fluids using semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dots, genetically engineered green fluorescent probes, and new derivatives of known dye classes. This work is an updated review of the methods of analysis of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids with more emphasis on the technical problems and the assay artifacts.
{"title":"Analytical methods for determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids","authors":"Amal E. Hamad, M. Elshahawy, A. Negm, F. Mansour","doi":"10.1515/revac-2019-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2019-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glutathione is a natural tripeptide that plays a major role in different physiological processes in the human body. Determination of glutathione in different body fluids and tissues is essential for early diagnosis and follow-up of various diseases. The assay of glutathione is problematic because of the high polarity, the limited stability, and the aliphatic structure, which lacks the appropriate chromophore for UV detection. A number of methods have been reported for determination of glutathione using different techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed in both reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction modes. Electrochemical methods exploited the redox activity of glutathione to allow for quantification by different electrodes after chemical modification, including glassy carbon, carbon paste, and nanocomposite electrodes. Capillary zone electrophoresis was used with less need for derivatization which makes it simpler, faster, and more economic. A number of nanosensors and probes have been developed to assay glutathione in biological fluids using semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dots, genetically engineered green fluorescent probes, and new derivatives of known dye classes. This work is an updated review of the methods of analysis of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids with more emphasis on the technical problems and the assay artifacts.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88686877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. S. Porto, D. N. Silva, Anabel de Oliveira, A. Pereira, K. Borges
Abstract It is notorious that researches related to electrochemical sensors increased significantly due the promising characteristics that these devices present such as the possibility of obtaining information, with minimum manipulation of the studied system, in real time, and with low environmental impact. This article covers the carbon nanomaterials, presenting important aspects such as main properties, synthesis methods, and the application of these materials in the development of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. In this context, drug analysis is extremely important for quality control, to ensure that the medicine fulfills its role effectively without possible complications that could compromise the patient’s health and quality of life. In addition, analytical methods capable of determining compounds of clinical interest in biological fluids are extremely important for the indication of effective diagnoses. Thus, the versatility, selectivity, and portability of the electroanalytical techniques make the electrochemical sensors a favorite tool for the determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. It will be possible to follow in the present work that carbon nanomaterials have excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, strong adsorption capacity, high electrocatalytic effect, high biocompatibility, and high surface area. The possibility of formation of different composite materials based on carbonaceous nanomaterials that makes these materials promising for the development of analytical sensors, contributing to rapid, sensitive, and low-cost analyses can also be highlighted.
{"title":"Carbon nanomaterials: synthesis and applications to development of electrochemical sensors in determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest","authors":"L. S. Porto, D. N. Silva, Anabel de Oliveira, A. Pereira, K. Borges","doi":"10.1515/revac-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is notorious that researches related to electrochemical sensors increased significantly due the promising characteristics that these devices present such as the possibility of obtaining information, with minimum manipulation of the studied system, in real time, and with low environmental impact. This article covers the carbon nanomaterials, presenting important aspects such as main properties, synthesis methods, and the application of these materials in the development of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. In this context, drug analysis is extremely important for quality control, to ensure that the medicine fulfills its role effectively without possible complications that could compromise the patient’s health and quality of life. In addition, analytical methods capable of determining compounds of clinical interest in biological fluids are extremely important for the indication of effective diagnoses. Thus, the versatility, selectivity, and portability of the electroanalytical techniques make the electrochemical sensors a favorite tool for the determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. It will be possible to follow in the present work that carbon nanomaterials have excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, strong adsorption capacity, high electrocatalytic effect, high biocompatibility, and high surface area. The possibility of formation of different composite materials based on carbonaceous nanomaterials that makes these materials promising for the development of analytical sensors, contributing to rapid, sensitive, and low-cost analyses can also be highlighted.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81223617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There is a straightforward line in the recent development of the functional model connecting the experimental mass spectrometric variable intensity of a peak of an analyte ion with its thermodynamic, kinetic and diffusion parameters. It has been shown that the temporal behavior of the outcome intensity obeys a certain law: ${{text{D}}_{{text{SD}}}}{text{ }} = {text{ }}1.3193{text{ }} times {text{ }}{10^{ - 14}}{text{ }} times {text{ }}A{text{ }} times {text{ }}{{(overline {{I^2}} - {{(bar I)}^2})} over {{{(I - bar I)}^2}}}.$DSD = 1.3193 × 10−14 × A × (I2¯−(I¯)2)(I−I¯)2. This formula is universally applicable and empirically testable and verifiable. It connects the intensity with the so-called stochastic dynamic diffusion “DSD” parameter. Its application to small-scale research, so far, using soft-ionization electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or collision-induced dissociation methods has shown that the DSD parameter is linearly connected with the so-called quantum chemical diffusion parameter “DQC,” obtained within Arrhenius’s theory. Therefore, the DSD parameter connects experimental measurable parameters of ions with their three-dimensional (3D) molecular and electronic structures. The corroborated empirical proof, so far, has convincingly argued that the mass spectrometry appears to be not only a robust instrumentation for highly accurate, precise and selective quantification but also is capable of providing the exact 3D molecular structure of the analytes, when it is used complementary to high accuracy methods of the computational quantum chemistry.
摘要:在功能模型的最新发展中，有一条直接的线将实验质谱变化强度的分析离子的峰与其热力学、动力学和扩散参数联系起来。结果强度的时间行为遵循一定的规律:${{text{D}}_{{text{SD}}}}{text{ }} = {text{ }}1.3193{text{ }} times {text{ }}{10^{ - 14}}{text{ }} times {text{ }}A{text{ }} times {text{ }}{{(overline {{I^2}} - {{(bar I)}^2})} over {{{(I - bar I)}^2}}}.$ DSD = 1.3193 × 10−14 × a × (I2¯−(I¯)2)(I−I¯)2。这个公式是普遍适用的，经验上是可以检验和验证的。它将强度与所谓的随机动态扩散“DSD”参数联系起来。到目前为止，它在小规模研究中的应用，使用软电离电喷雾、大气压化学电离、基质辅助激光解吸/电离或碰撞诱导解离方法，已经表明DSD参数与所谓的量子化学扩散参数“DQC”线性相关，该参数是在Arrhenius理论中得到的。因此，DSD参数将离子的实验可测量参数与其三维(3D)分子和电子结构联系起来。到目前为止，确凿的经验证据令人信服地表明，质谱法似乎不仅是一种高度准确、精确和选择性定量的强大仪器，而且当它与高精度的计算量子化学方法相辅相成时，还能够提供被分析物的确切3D分子结构。
{"title":"A stochastic dynamic mass spectrometric diffusion method and its application to 3D structural analysis of the analytes","authors":"B. Ivanova, M. Spiteller","doi":"10.1515/revac-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a straightforward line in the recent development of the functional model connecting the experimental mass spectrometric variable intensity of a peak of an analyte ion with its thermodynamic, kinetic and diffusion parameters. It has been shown that the temporal behavior of the outcome intensity obeys a certain law: ${{text{D}}_{{text{SD}}}}{text{ }} = {text{ }}1.3193{text{ }} times {text{ }}{10^{ - 14}}{text{ }} times {text{ }}A{text{ }} times {text{ }}{{(overline {{I^2}} - {{(bar I)}^2})} over {{{(I - bar I)}^2}}}.$DSD = 1.3193 × 10−14 × A × (I2¯−(I¯)2)(I−I¯)2. This formula is universally applicable and empirically testable and verifiable. It connects the intensity with the so-called stochastic dynamic diffusion “DSD” parameter. Its application to small-scale research, so far, using soft-ionization electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or collision-induced dissociation methods has shown that the DSD parameter is linearly connected with the so-called quantum chemical diffusion parameter “DQC,” obtained within Arrhenius’s theory. Therefore, the DSD parameter connects experimental measurable parameters of ions with their three-dimensional (3D) molecular and electronic structures. The corroborated empirical proof, so far, has convincingly argued that the mass spectrometry appears to be not only a robust instrumentation for highly accurate, precise and selective quantification but also is capable of providing the exact 3D molecular structure of the analytes, when it is used complementary to high accuracy methods of the computational quantum chemistry.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"256 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76183409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Guo, Longwen Zhang, R. Xue, Baolong Ma, Wu Yang
Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous organic crystal materials. Since Yaghi and co-workers reported the first COF material in 2005 (Côté, A. P.; Benin, A. I.; Ockwig, N. W.; O’Keeffe, M.; Matzger, A. J.; Yaghi, O. M. Science2005, 310, 1166–1170), COFs have shown great potential and research value in many fields, for instance, gas storage and separation, photoelectric function, fluorescence sensor, catalysis, drug delivery, dye and pollutant adsorption, electronic devices and so on. In this review, the frequently used analysis and characterization methods for COFs are summarized, and two to three examples are selected for each analysis and characterization technique in order to explain it in detail. The selected examples of COFs, which either had a unique structure and feature, or were reported for the first time, can be conducive to understanding COFs and their analysis methods better and faster. The application of COFs in analysis and detection is also introduced in this review, including fluorescent analysis, separation and enrichment. The cooperation between analytical chemistry and COFs is fully reflected. This review is helpful for the person interested in this subject and provides some useful information on the characterization methods and the applications of COFs for the beginners.
摘要共价有机骨架(COFs)是一类多孔有机晶体材料。自从Yaghi和他的同事在2005年报道了第一个COF材料(Côté， a.p.;贝宁，a.i.;Ockwig, n.w.;奥基夫,m;马茨格，A. J.;Yaghi, O. M. science, 2005,31, 1166-1170)认为，COFs在气体储存与分离、光电功能、荧光传感器、催化、药物输送、染料与污染物吸附、电子器件等领域显示出巨大的潜力和研究价值。本文综述了COFs常用的分析和表征方法，并对每种分析和表征方法选择两到三个例子进行详细说明。选择具有独特结构和特征或首次报道的cof实例，有助于更好、更快地理解cof及其分析方法。本文介绍了COFs在分析和检测中的应用，包括荧光分析、分离和富集。分析化学与COFs之间的合作得到了充分体现。这篇综述有助于对这一主题感兴趣的人，并为初学者提供了一些关于COFs表征方法和应用的有用信息。
{"title":"Eyes of covalent organic frameworks: cooperation between analytical chemistry and COFs","authors":"Hao Guo, Longwen Zhang, R. Xue, Baolong Ma, Wu Yang","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous organic crystal materials. Since Yaghi and co-workers reported the first COF material in 2005 (Côté, A. P.; Benin, A. I.; Ockwig, N. W.; O’Keeffe, M.; Matzger, A. J.; Yaghi, O. M. Science2005, 310, 1166–1170), COFs have shown great potential and research value in many fields, for instance, gas storage and separation, photoelectric function, fluorescence sensor, catalysis, drug delivery, dye and pollutant adsorption, electronic devices and so on. In this review, the frequently used analysis and characterization methods for COFs are summarized, and two to three examples are selected for each analysis and characterization technique in order to explain it in detail. The selected examples of COFs, which either had a unique structure and feature, or were reported for the first time, can be conducive to understanding COFs and their analysis methods better and faster. The application of COFs in analysis and detection is also introduced in this review, including fluorescent analysis, separation and enrichment. The cooperation between analytical chemistry and COFs is fully reflected. This review is helpful for the person interested in this subject and provides some useful information on the characterization methods and the applications of COFs for the beginners.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Many of the plant proteins are used as medicinal agents in the treatment of various diseases/disorders as they are produced by using molecular tools of biotechnology. Each protein is unique in its amino acid composition, sequence, subunit structures, size, shape, net charge, iso electric point, solubility, heat stability and hydrophobicity known to play a major role in the isolation and characterization procedures. The study of the protein of interest out of a large number is not possible unless it is obtained in its highly purified and intact form. Extraction, purification and characterization of proteins for different sample types are useful in determining structural, functional and other biological information in the field of pharmacy. Hence, the present review focuses on the sources, isolation, purification and characterization of natural proteins which are proven to be antidiabetic so as to commercialize these drugs (neutraceuticals) to compete with insulin, an ultimate in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Antidiabetic plant proteins/peptides as complementary and alternative medicine – analytical perspectives","authors":"Saritha Marella","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many of the plant proteins are used as medicinal agents in the treatment of various diseases/disorders as they are produced by using molecular tools of biotechnology. Each protein is unique in its amino acid composition, sequence, subunit structures, size, shape, net charge, iso electric point, solubility, heat stability and hydrophobicity known to play a major role in the isolation and characterization procedures. The study of the protein of interest out of a large number is not possible unless it is obtained in its highly purified and intact form. Extraction, purification and characterization of proteins for different sample types are useful in determining structural, functional and other biological information in the field of pharmacy. Hence, the present review focuses on the sources, isolation, purification and characterization of natural proteins which are proven to be antidiabetic so as to commercialize these drugs (neutraceuticals) to compete with insulin, an ultimate in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87346168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petar Kassal, E. Horak, M. Sigurnjak, M. D. Steinberg, Ivana Murković Steinberg
Abstract This review explores the current state-of-the-art wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors. The review is organised into three sections, each of which investigates a major class of wireless and/or mobile optical chemical sensor: (i) optical sensors integrated with a radio transmitter/transceiver, (ii) wearable optical sensors, and (iii) smartphone camera-based sensors. In each section, the specific challenges and trade-offs surrounding the (bio)chemical sensing mechanism and material architecture, miniaturisation, integration, power requirements, readout, and sensitivity are explored with detailed examples of sensor systems from the literature. The analysis of 77 original research articles published between 2007 and 2017 reveals that healthcare and medicine, environmental monitoring, food quality, and sport and fitness are the target markets for wireless and mobile optical chemical sensor systems. In particular, the current trend for personal fitness tracking is driving research into novel colourimetric wearable sensors with smartphone readout. We conclude that despite the challenges, mobile and wearable optical chemical sensor systems are set to play a major role in the sensor Internet of Things.
{"title":"Wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors","authors":"Petar Kassal, E. Horak, M. Sigurnjak, M. D. Steinberg, Ivana Murković Steinberg","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review explores the current state-of-the-art wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors. The review is organised into three sections, each of which investigates a major class of wireless and/or mobile optical chemical sensor: (i) optical sensors integrated with a radio transmitter/transceiver, (ii) wearable optical sensors, and (iii) smartphone camera-based sensors. In each section, the specific challenges and trade-offs surrounding the (bio)chemical sensing mechanism and material architecture, miniaturisation, integration, power requirements, readout, and sensitivity are explored with detailed examples of sensor systems from the literature. The analysis of 77 original research articles published between 2007 and 2017 reveals that healthcare and medicine, environmental monitoring, food quality, and sport and fitness are the target markets for wireless and mobile optical chemical sensor systems. In particular, the current trend for personal fitness tracking is driving research into novel colourimetric wearable sensors with smartphone readout. We conclude that despite the challenges, mobile and wearable optical chemical sensor systems are set to play a major role in the sensor Internet of Things.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78391233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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