Omar J. Portillo-Castillo, R. Castro-Ríos, A. Chávez-Montes, A. Gónzalez-Horta, Norma Cavazos-Rocha, N. D. de Torres, Marsela Garza-Tapia
Abstract Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique with many applications that is being continuously developed. In this technique, the type of fiber coating plays a crucial role for extraction efficiency. Currently available commercial coatings have certain drawbacks that have been overcome by the development of new coatings based on novel materials; these have improved the efficiency of extraction, selectivity and stability of commercial coatings. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are one of the most important groups of emerging contaminants; however, some studies suggest that these compounds can cause adverse health effects. No official monitoring protocols for these compounds are currently available, so the establishment of analytical methods that allow their determination in environmental samples is required. The complexity of environmental samples together with the low concentration levels of these compounds makes necessary the use of sample preparation techniques capable of removing interferences, as well as preconcentrated analytes, and SPME is a very promising alternative to achieve this. This review describes the recent developments in SPME with classical and novel coatings and its applications for PPCP determination in environmental samples.
{"title":"Developments of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings for environmental pharmaceutical and personal care products analysis","authors":"Omar J. Portillo-Castillo, R. Castro-Ríos, A. Chávez-Montes, A. Gónzalez-Horta, Norma Cavazos-Rocha, N. D. de Torres, Marsela Garza-Tapia","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique with many applications that is being continuously developed. In this technique, the type of fiber coating plays a crucial role for extraction efficiency. Currently available commercial coatings have certain drawbacks that have been overcome by the development of new coatings based on novel materials; these have improved the efficiency of extraction, selectivity and stability of commercial coatings. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are one of the most important groups of emerging contaminants; however, some studies suggest that these compounds can cause adverse health effects. No official monitoring protocols for these compounds are currently available, so the establishment of analytical methods that allow their determination in environmental samples is required. The complexity of environmental samples together with the low concentration levels of these compounds makes necessary the use of sample preparation techniques capable of removing interferences, as well as preconcentrated analytes, and SPME is a very promising alternative to achieve this. This review describes the recent developments in SPME with classical and novel coatings and its applications for PPCP determination in environmental samples.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89440217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Yang, Teng-xiao Guo, Xu Zhang, S. Cao, X. Ding
Abstract Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a rapidly emerging technology in the field of analytical chemistry. THz spectroscopy shows substantial scientific potential given that numerous absorption and emission molecular lines of interest in the chemical sciences belong to this spectral region. This article focuses on the current research progress on the detection of harmful gases, pesticides, antibiotics, toxic chemical compounds, and drugs of abuse by THz spectroscopy. The article also analyzes the key factors used for the detection of toxic chemical compounds by THz spectroscopy.
{"title":"Toxic chemical compound detection by terahertz spectroscopy: a review","authors":"Liu Yang, Teng-xiao Guo, Xu Zhang, S. Cao, X. Ding","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a rapidly emerging technology in the field of analytical chemistry. THz spectroscopy shows substantial scientific potential given that numerous absorption and emission molecular lines of interest in the chemical sciences belong to this spectral region. This article focuses on the current research progress on the detection of harmful gases, pesticides, antibiotics, toxic chemical compounds, and drugs of abuse by THz spectroscopy. The article also analyzes the key factors used for the detection of toxic chemical compounds by THz spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80350726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Eosin Y (EY) is an acidic xanthene dye which is mainly used in food stuff and biological staining. Various analytical methods have been reported for the utility of this dye in the quantitative determination of several pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals in addition to some surfactants and proteins. Most of the applied methods were based on the formation of association complexes between eosin Y and the target analytes in buffered aqueous solutions. The present article represents a comprehensive review for the use of eosin Y as a probe in analytical chemistry.
摘要伊红Y (Eosin Y, EY)是一种酸性杂蒽染料，主要用于食品和生物染色。已经报道了各种分析方法，用于定量测定几种药物化合物、重金属以及一些表面活性剂和蛋白质。大多数应用的方法是基于在缓冲水溶液中伊红Y与目标分析物之间形成的缔合配合物。本文对伊红Y作为探针在分析化学中的应用进行了综述。
{"title":"Application of a xanthene dye, eosin Y, as spectroscopic probe in chemical and pharmaceutical analysis; a review","authors":"S. Derayea, Dalia M. Nagy","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eosin Y (EY) is an acidic xanthene dye which is mainly used in food stuff and biological staining. Various analytical methods have been reported for the utility of this dye in the quantitative determination of several pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals in addition to some surfactants and proteins. Most of the applied methods were based on the formation of association complexes between eosin Y and the target analytes in buffered aqueous solutions. The present article represents a comprehensive review for the use of eosin Y as a probe in analytical chemistry.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89245822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Detailed monographs on the analytical chemistry of zirconium, which is widely used in all fields of modern science and technology, were published in the 1960s–1970s of the last century. This review summarizes information on the modern methods for determination of zirconium in a great variety of natural, technical, and biological objects. Focus is made on the works published in scientific periodicals after 2005. Spectroscopic techniques of zirconium determination including molecular and atomic spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and electrochemical and activation methods are described. The paper also describes the applications of zirconium compounds, in particular, in analytical chemistry.
{"title":"Zirconium in modern analytical chemistry","authors":"N. Pechishcheva, K. Shunyaev, O. Melchakova","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Detailed monographs on the analytical chemistry of zirconium, which is widely used in all fields of modern science and technology, were published in the 1960s–1970s of the last century. This review summarizes information on the modern methods for determination of zirconium in a great variety of natural, technical, and biological objects. Focus is made on the works published in scientific periodicals after 2005. Spectroscopic techniques of zirconium determination including molecular and atomic spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and electrochemical and activation methods are described. The paper also describes the applications of zirconium compounds, in particular, in analytical chemistry.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77474784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Surface-active agents are organic compounds of amphiphilic nature. When the concentration of surfactants is higher than a certain value, the monomers adhere to form well-defined aggregates known as micelles. These micelles have been employed in flow injection analysis (FIA) for various purposes. In chemiluminescence-based FIA, micelles can improve sensitivity by changing the chemical structures of the reagents, facilitating intramicellar energy transfer, accelerating the reaction kinetics, or stabilizing the excited singlet states. Micelles can improve sensitivity in FIA/ultraviolet-visible by electrostatic or solubilization effects. In FIA/fluorescence, emission intensity is considerably enhanced in micellar media due to the protective environment that restricts nonemissive energy transfer processes. If FIA is coupled with flame atomic absorption, the signals are enhanced with surfactants due to the decreased surface tension that results in the generation of smaller droplets during the aspiration and nebulization processes. In addition, surfactants promote the enrichment of the analyte in the double layer at the air-water interface. The FIA/cloud point extraction technique is based on using surfactants as alternatives to organic solvents. This review discusses the different roles of micelles in FIA methods.
{"title":"Micelle-enhanced flow injection analysis","authors":"Dalia T. Abdeldaim, F. Mansour","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface-active agents are organic compounds of amphiphilic nature. When the concentration of surfactants is higher than a certain value, the monomers adhere to form well-defined aggregates known as micelles. These micelles have been employed in flow injection analysis (FIA) for various purposes. In chemiluminescence-based FIA, micelles can improve sensitivity by changing the chemical structures of the reagents, facilitating intramicellar energy transfer, accelerating the reaction kinetics, or stabilizing the excited singlet states. Micelles can improve sensitivity in FIA/ultraviolet-visible by electrostatic or solubilization effects. In FIA/fluorescence, emission intensity is considerably enhanced in micellar media due to the protective environment that restricts nonemissive energy transfer processes. If FIA is coupled with flame atomic absorption, the signals are enhanced with surfactants due to the decreased surface tension that results in the generation of smaller droplets during the aspiration and nebulization processes. In addition, surfactants promote the enrichment of the analyte in the double layer at the air-water interface. The FIA/cloud point extraction technique is based on using surfactants as alternatives to organic solvents. This review discusses the different roles of micelles in FIA methods.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87598084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are unarguably one of the most feared toxic substances produced by mankind. Their inception in conventional warfare can be traced as far back as the Middle Ages but their full breakthrough as central players in bellic conflicts was not realized until World War I. Since then, more modern CWAs along with efficient methods for their manufacture have emerged and violently shaped the way modern warfare and diplomatic relations are conducted. Owing to their mass destruction ability, counter methods to mitigate their impact appeared almost immediately on par with their development. These efforts have focused on their efficient destruction, development of medical countermeasures and their detection by modern analytical chemistry methods. The following review seeks to provide the reader with a broad introduction on their direct detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the various sample derivatization methods available for the analysis of their degradation products. The review concentrates on three of the main CWA classes and includes the nerve agents, the blistering agents and lastly, the incapacitating agents. Each section begins with a brief introduction of the CWA along with discussions of reports dealing with their detection in the intact form by GC-MS. Furthermore, as products arising from their degradation carry as much importance as the agents themselves in the field of forensic analysis, the available derivatization methods of these species are presented for each CWA highlighting some examples from our lab in the Forensic Science Center at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
{"title":"Analysis of chemical warfare agents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods for their direct detection and derivatization approaches for the analysis of their degradation products","authors":"C. A. Valdez, R. Leif, S. Hok, B. Hart","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are unarguably one of the most feared toxic substances produced by mankind. Their inception in conventional warfare can be traced as far back as the Middle Ages but their full breakthrough as central players in bellic conflicts was not realized until World War I. Since then, more modern CWAs along with efficient methods for their manufacture have emerged and violently shaped the way modern warfare and diplomatic relations are conducted. Owing to their mass destruction ability, counter methods to mitigate their impact appeared almost immediately on par with their development. These efforts have focused on their efficient destruction, development of medical countermeasures and their detection by modern analytical chemistry methods. The following review seeks to provide the reader with a broad introduction on their direct detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the various sample derivatization methods available for the analysis of their degradation products. The review concentrates on three of the main CWA classes and includes the nerve agents, the blistering agents and lastly, the incapacitating agents. Each section begins with a brief introduction of the CWA along with discussions of reports dealing with their detection in the intact form by GC-MS. Furthermore, as products arising from their degradation carry as much importance as the agents themselves in the field of forensic analysis, the available derivatization methods of these species are presented for each CWA highlighting some examples from our lab in the Forensic Science Center at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, Isranalytica has become one of the biggest scientific events in Israel. The 21st Annual Meeting of the Israel Analytical Chemistry Society Conference & Exhibition, organized by the BioForum Applied Knowledge Center, was held in Tel Aviv on January 23–24, 2018. More than 3200 scientists from all over the world attended the show. The organizers arranged the program to cover a full spectrum of recent developments in the area of analytical chemistry. Four internationally renowned plenary speakers presented their latest results: Prof. Marco Vincenti, Director of the Regional Antidoping and Toxicology Center “A. Bertinaria” in Italy, spoke about the role of hair analysis in the investigation of drug-facilitated crimes. He reported that the drug becomes undetectable in the body fluids mostly after 1–4 days, whereas a low fraction of almost any drug gets incorporated into the keratin hair structure and can be recovered and detected even months later. Prof. Joseph Almog from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem focused on the importance of scientific methods in criminal investigations. He presented several cases of intricate crimes, which have been resolved by the application of modern instrumental techniques. Tina S. Morris from the United States Pharmacopeia, gave an overview of the almost 200-year history of USP and introduced the future developments of the quality standards. She discussed the latest trends in pharmaceutical manufacturing and their impact on the analytical science and new standards development. Andy Eaton from Eurofins Eaton Analytical, USA, spoke about the existing constraints in US drinking water regulations. He reported that most of the methods approved by US Environmental Protection Agency are developed and published 5 or more years prior to any use. The ways to take advantage of improvements in instrumentation and analytical procedures for drinking water analysis were discussed. After plenary lectures, 2 days were devoted to keynote and oral presentations running in four parallel sessions. All together, 74 leading researchers from academia and industry presented their recent achievements and addressed the most exciting developments. It has to be emphasized that the organizing committee designed the schedule very efficiently leaving plenty of time for questions and discussions at the end of the talks. Apart from the lectures, an exhibition with more than 60 exhibitors from Israel and abroad was organized. The vendors presented their products from a variety of areas, such as instrumentation, equipment, chemicals, materials, publications, analytical chemistry services, diagnostics and biotechnology. The meeting was a great success and a nice opportunity to learn about the newest trends in analytical chemistry and to establish new acquaintances and scientific partnerships. The organizing committee announced the conference next year, which will be traditionally be held in January in Tel Aviv.
近年来，“以色列分析”已成为以色列最大的科学活动之一。由BioForum应用知识中心主办的第21届以色列分析化学学会年会暨展览会于2018年1月23-24日在特拉维夫举行。来自世界各地的3200多名科学家参加了这次展览。组织者安排的节目涵盖了分析化学领域最新发展的全部范围。四位国际知名的全体会议发言人介绍了他们的最新成果:区域反兴奋剂和毒理学中心主任Marco Vincenti教授;意大利的Bertinaria博士谈到了头发分析在毒品犯罪调查中的作用。他报告说，大多数1-4天后，这种药物在体液中就无法检测到，而几乎任何药物中都有一小部分会进入角蛋白毛发结构，甚至几个月后都可以被恢复和检测到。耶路撒冷希伯来大学的Joseph Almog教授着重讨论了科学方法在刑事调查中的重要性。他提出了几起错综复杂的犯罪案件，这些案件已通过现代仪器技术的应用得到解决。来自美国药典的Tina S. Morris对美国药典近200年的历史进行了概述，并介绍了质量标准的未来发展。她讨论了制药业的最新趋势及其对分析科学和新标准制定的影响。来自美国Eurofins Eaton分析公司的Andy Eaton谈到了美国饮用水法规中现有的限制。他报告说，美国环境保护署批准的大多数方法都是在使用前5年或更长时间开发和发布的。讨论了如何利用饮用水分析仪器和分析方法的改进。在全体演讲之后，两天的时间用于主题演讲和口头报告，分四个平行会议进行。来自学术界和工业界的74位主要研究人员共同介绍了他们最近的成就，并讨论了最令人兴奋的发展。必须强调的是，组委会非常高效地设计了日程安排，在会谈结束时留出了充足的提问和讨论时间。除了讲座外，还组织了一个展览，来自以色列和国外的60多家参展商参加了展览。供应商展示了他们来自不同领域的产品，如仪器、设备、化学品、材料、出版物、分析化学服务、诊断和生物技术。这次会议非常成功，是了解分析化学最新趋势、结交新朋友和建立科学伙伴关系的好机会。大会组委会宣布将于明年召开，按照惯例，会议将于明年1月在特拉维夫举行。
{"title":"Isranalytica 2018 review","authors":"O. Lebedev","doi":"10.1515/revac-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Isranalytica has become one of the biggest scientific events in Israel. The 21st Annual Meeting of the Israel Analytical Chemistry Society Conference & Exhibition, organized by the BioForum Applied Knowledge Center, was held in Tel Aviv on January 23–24, 2018. More than 3200 scientists from all over the world attended the show. The organizers arranged the program to cover a full spectrum of recent developments in the area of analytical chemistry. Four internationally renowned plenary speakers presented their latest results: Prof. Marco Vincenti, Director of the Regional Antidoping and Toxicology Center “A. Bertinaria” in Italy, spoke about the role of hair analysis in the investigation of drug-facilitated crimes. He reported that the drug becomes undetectable in the body fluids mostly after 1–4 days, whereas a low fraction of almost any drug gets incorporated into the keratin hair structure and can be recovered and detected even months later. Prof. Joseph Almog from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem focused on the importance of scientific methods in criminal investigations. He presented several cases of intricate crimes, which have been resolved by the application of modern instrumental techniques. Tina S. Morris from the United States Pharmacopeia, gave an overview of the almost 200-year history of USP and introduced the future developments of the quality standards. She discussed the latest trends in pharmaceutical manufacturing and their impact on the analytical science and new standards development. Andy Eaton from Eurofins Eaton Analytical, USA, spoke about the existing constraints in US drinking water regulations. He reported that most of the methods approved by US Environmental Protection Agency are developed and published 5 or more years prior to any use. The ways to take advantage of improvements in instrumentation and analytical procedures for drinking water analysis were discussed. After plenary lectures, 2 days were devoted to keynote and oral presentations running in four parallel sessions. All together, 74 leading researchers from academia and industry presented their recent achievements and addressed the most exciting developments. It has to be emphasized that the organizing committee designed the schedule very efficiently leaving plenty of time for questions and discussions at the end of the talks. Apart from the lectures, an exhibition with more than 60 exhibitors from Israel and abroad was organized. The vendors presented their products from a variety of areas, such as instrumentation, equipment, chemicals, materials, publications, analytical chemistry services, diagnostics and biotechnology. The meeting was a great success and a nice opportunity to learn about the newest trends in analytical chemistry and to establish new acquaintances and scientific partnerships. The organizing committee announced the conference next year, which will be traditionally be held in January in Tel Aviv.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91073202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the structural development of solid materials at the atomic level is essential for designing rational synthesis protocols for these compounds, which may be used to improve desired technical properties, such as light emission, conductivity, magnetism, porosity or particle size, and may allow the tailored design of solid materials to generate the aforementioned properties. Recent technological advancements have allowed the combination of synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) with in situ optical spectroscopy techniques, providing researchers with remarkable opportunities to directly investigate structural changes during synthesis reactions. Among the various available methods to measure optical properties, in situ luminescence, UV/Vis absorption, and light transmission spectroscopies are highlighted here, with in situ luminescence being subdivided into in situ luminescence analysis of coordination sensors (ILACS) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). This article consists of a review of 122 references exploring various aspects of in situ analyses, with particular emphasis on the use of XRD-combined techniques in the study of metal-ligand exchange processes during the formation, phase transitions and decomposition of solid materials, including complexes, coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks, nanoparticles and polyoxo- or chalcogenide metallates. We will then conclude with an exploration of future trends in this exciting research field.
{"title":"In situ monitoring metal-ligand exchange processes by optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis: a review","authors":"H. Terraschke, Merrit Rothe, P. Lindenberg","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the structural development of solid materials at the atomic level is essential for designing rational synthesis protocols for these compounds, which may be used to improve desired technical properties, such as light emission, conductivity, magnetism, porosity or particle size, and may allow the tailored design of solid materials to generate the aforementioned properties. Recent technological advancements have allowed the combination of synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) with in situ optical spectroscopy techniques, providing researchers with remarkable opportunities to directly investigate structural changes during synthesis reactions. Among the various available methods to measure optical properties, in situ luminescence, UV/Vis absorption, and light transmission spectroscopies are highlighted here, with in situ luminescence being subdivided into in situ luminescence analysis of coordination sensors (ILACS) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). This article consists of a review of 122 references exploring various aspects of in situ analyses, with particular emphasis on the use of XRD-combined techniques in the study of metal-ligand exchange processes during the formation, phase transitions and decomposition of solid materials, including complexes, coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks, nanoparticles and polyoxo- or chalcogenide metallates. We will then conclude with an exploration of future trends in this exciting research field.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79612882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An almost exhaustive overview of the determination and remediation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP)-contaminated media is herein presented. p-NP is one of the priority pollutants on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency list. This is because p-NP is either a precursor or a derivative of a good number of pollutants. It is itself very carcinogenic and tends to persist in water and soil. This has prompted the development of a wide range of analytical tools by researchers for its determination and eventual removal from contaminated sites. These include electrochemical methods with many electrode modifiers and electroanalytical procedures developed for the detection/quantification of p-NP in contaminated environments. Also, chromatographic and p-NP uptake techniques, particularly adsorption onto various adsorbents (ranging from natural to synthetic), are reviewed. The use of microorganisms for the bioremediation of p-NP-contaminated samples and sites has equally been largely studied and is herein overviewed, not forgetting advanced oxidative processes.
{"title":"p-Nitrophenol determination and remediation: an overview","authors":"F. M. M. Tchieno, I. Tonle","doi":"10.1515/revac-2017-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2017-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An almost exhaustive overview of the determination and remediation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP)-contaminated media is herein presented. p-NP is one of the priority pollutants on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency list. This is because p-NP is either a precursor or a derivative of a good number of pollutants. It is itself very carcinogenic and tends to persist in water and soil. This has prompted the development of a wide range of analytical tools by researchers for its determination and eventual removal from contaminated sites. These include electrochemical methods with many electrode modifiers and electroanalytical procedures developed for the detection/quantification of p-NP in contaminated environments. Also, chromatographic and p-NP uptake techniques, particularly adsorption onto various adsorbents (ranging from natural to synthetic), are reviewed. The use of microorganisms for the bioremediation of p-NP-contaminated samples and sites has equally been largely studied and is herein overviewed, not forgetting advanced oxidative processes.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88677241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01Epub Date: 2017-07-05DOI: 10.1515/revac-2016-0037
Anh H Nguyen, Emily A Peters, Zachary D Schultz
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become a powerful technique for trace analysis of biomolecules. The use of SERS-tags has evolved into clinical diagnostics, the enhancement of the intrinsic signal of biomolecules on SERS active materials shows tremendous promise for the analysis of biomolecules and potential biomedical assays. The detection of the de novo signal from a wide range of biomolecules has been reported to date. In this review, we examine different classes of biomolecules for the signals observed and experimental details that enable their detection. In particular, we survey nucleic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, metabolites, and pathogens. The signals observed show that the interaction of the biomolecule with the enhancing nanostructure has a significant influence on the observed spectrum. Additional experiments demonstrate that internal standards can correct for intensity fluctuations and provide quantitative analysis. Experimental methods that control the interaction at the surface are providing for reproducible SERS signals. Results suggest that combining advances in methodology with the development of libraries for SERS spectra may enable the characterization of biomolecules complementary to other existing methods.
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