To understand the emergence of macroscopic irreversibility from microscopic reversible dynamics, the idea of coarse-graining plays a fundamental role. In this work, we develop a unified inferential framework for macroscopic states, that is, coarse descriptions of microscopic quantum systems that can be inferred from macroscopic measurements. Building on quantum statistical sufficiency and Bayesian retrodiction, we characterize macroscopic states through equivalent abstract (algebraic) and explicit (constructive) formulations.Central to our approach is the notion of observational deficit, which quantifies the degree of irretrodictability of a state relative to a prior and a measurement. This leads to a general definition of macroscopic entropy as an inferentially grounded measure of asymmetry under Bayesian inversion. We formalize this structure in terms of inferential reference frames, defined by the pair consisting of a prior and a measurement, which encapsulate the observer's informational perspective.We then formulate a resource theory of microscopicity, treating macroscopic states as free states and introducing a hierarchy of macroscopicity-non-generating operations. This theory unifies and extends existing resource theories of coherence, athermality, and asymmetry.Finally, we apply the framework to study quantum correlations under observational constraints, introducing the notion of observational discord and deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for their vanishing in terms of information recoverability.
{"title":"Macroscopicity and observational deficit in states, operations, and correlations.","authors":"Teruaki Nagasawa,Eyuri Wakakuwa,Kohtaro Kato,Francesco Buscemi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae140e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae140e","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the emergence of macroscopic irreversibility from microscopic reversible dynamics, the idea of coarse-graining plays a fundamental role. In this work, we develop a unified inferential framework for macroscopic states, that is, coarse descriptions of microscopic quantum systems that can be inferred from macroscopic measurements. Building on quantum statistical sufficiency and Bayesian retrodiction, we characterize macroscopic states through equivalent abstract (algebraic) and explicit (constructive) formulations.Central to our approach is the notion of observational deficit, which quantifies the degree of irretrodictability of a state relative to a prior and a measurement. This leads to a general definition of macroscopic entropy as an inferentially grounded measure of asymmetry under Bayesian inversion. We formalize this structure in terms of inferential reference frames, defined by the pair consisting of a prior and a measurement, which encapsulate the observer's informational perspective.We then formulate a resource theory of microscopicity, treating macroscopic states as free states and introducing a hierarchy of macroscopicity-non-generating operations. This theory unifies and extends existing resource theories of coherence, athermality, and asymmetry.Finally, we apply the framework to study quantum correlations under observational constraints, introducing the notion of observational discord and deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for their vanishing in terms of information recoverability.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract
The primary focus of spintronics is the investigation of novel spin splitting effects and related spin-polarized quantum materials, which have been extensively pursued for their potential applications. The structural inversion asymmetric Rashba splitting, bulk inversion asymmetric Dresselhaus splitting, and ferromagnetic spin polarization derived from Zeeman splitting constitute the foundation of traditional spintronics. From a symmetry perspective, ferromagnets achieve spin splitting through the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. However, in time-reversal symmetric and inversion symmetric materials with spin-orbit coupling, unexpected forms of spin-splitting can also arise by breaking local inversion symmetry, known as hidden spin-momentum locking, bringing infinite vitality to fundamental research and future applications. This review first highlights notable advancements in spin-splitting within centrosymmetric systems, then examines the influence of hidden spin-momentum locking on superconducting and topological behaviors, concluding with a discussion on prospective opportunities in this emerging field. Given the rapid progress in non-relativistic spin splittings-particularly within altermagnetism-we develop appropriately scaled extensions to advance this emerging field. This review seeks to enhance our understanding of the "hidden effect" in fundamental research while uncovering additional quantum phenomena that emerge from introducing extra degrees of freedom-an aspect that underscores the unique appeal of quantum materials capable of continuously demonstrating novel effects.
.
{"title":"Spin-momentum locking in locally noncentrosymmetric quantum materials.","authors":"Ke Zhang,Yusen Feng,Yu Chen,Jie Gong,Lin Xu,Zhenhua Wu,Chang Liu,Chaoyu Chen,Kenya Shimada,Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae1379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract
The primary focus of spintronics is the investigation of novel spin splitting effects and related spin-polarized quantum materials, which have been extensively pursued for their potential applications. The structural inversion asymmetric Rashba splitting, bulk inversion asymmetric Dresselhaus splitting, and ferromagnetic spin polarization derived from Zeeman splitting constitute the foundation of traditional spintronics. From a symmetry perspective, ferromagnets achieve spin splitting through the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. However, in time-reversal symmetric and inversion symmetric materials with spin-orbit coupling, unexpected forms of spin-splitting can also arise by breaking local inversion symmetry, known as hidden spin-momentum locking, bringing infinite vitality to fundamental research and future applications. This review first highlights notable advancements in spin-splitting within centrosymmetric systems, then examines the influence of hidden spin-momentum locking on superconducting and topological behaviors, concluding with a discussion on prospective opportunities in this emerging field. Given the rapid progress in non-relativistic spin splittings-particularly within altermagnetism-we develop appropriately scaled extensions to advance this emerging field. This review seeks to enhance our understanding of the \"hidden effect\" in fundamental research while uncovering additional quantum phenomena that emerge from introducing extra degrees of freedom-an aspect that underscores the unique appeal of quantum materials capable of continuously demonstrating novel effects.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inherent disorder imparts amorphous solids with a range of anomalous yet universally observed mechanical and thermodynamic properties at low temperatures, which distinguish them from their crystalline counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of these low-temperature anomalies is imperative from all perspectives but still seems to be a long-lasting challenge. In particular, it has long been recognized that low-frequency vibrations play an indispensable role in understanding low-temperature properties of amorphous solids. One noteworthy aspect is that the past decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in numerical and theoretical investigations of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum beyond the Debye prediction; however, despite great efforts and advancements, some debated problems remain unsolved. Therefore, the discussion of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum constitutes the primary focus of this review. Additionally, insights provided by low-frequency non-phononic vibrations in comprehending other elusive issues, such as the glass transition, phonon attenuation, two-level systems, and soft spots, are discussed.
{"title":"Low-frequency non-phononic vibrations of amorphous solids.","authors":"Lijin Wang,Ding Xu,Shiyun Zhang,Yunhuan Nie,Hua Tong,Ning Xu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0e34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0e34","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent disorder imparts amorphous solids with a range of anomalous yet universally observed mechanical and thermodynamic properties at low temperatures, which distinguish them from their crystalline counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of these low-temperature anomalies is imperative from all perspectives but still seems to be a long-lasting challenge. In particular, it has long been recognized that low-frequency vibrations play an indispensable role in understanding low-temperature properties of amorphous solids. One noteworthy aspect is that the past decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in numerical and theoretical investigations of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum beyond the Debye prediction; however, despite great efforts and advancements, some debated problems remain unsolved. Therefore, the discussion of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum constitutes the primary focus of this review. Additionally, insights provided by low-frequency non-phononic vibrations in comprehending other elusive issues, such as the glass transition, phonon attenuation, two-level systems, and soft spots, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum states that remain separable (i.e., not entangled) under any global unitary transformation are known as absolutely separable and form a convex set. Despite extensive efforts, the complete characterization of this set remains largely unknown. In this work, we employ linear maps and their inverses to derive new sufficient analytical conditions for absolute separability in arbitrary dimensions, providing extremal points of this set and improving its characterization. Additionally, we employ convex geometry optimization to refine the characterization of the set when multiple non-comparable criteria for absolute separability are available. We also address the closely related problem of characterizing the absolute PPT (positive partial transposition) set, which consists of quantum states that remain positive under partial transposition across all unitary transformations. Finally, we extend our results to multipartite states.
{"title":"Sufficient criteria for absolute separability in arbitrary dimensions via linear map inverses.","authors":"Jofre Abellanet Vidal,Guillem Müller-Rigat,Grzegorz Rajchel-Mieldzioć,Anna Sanpera","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0cfa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0cfa","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum states that remain separable (i.e., not entangled) under any global unitary transformation are known as absolutely separable and form a convex set. Despite extensive efforts, the complete characterization of this set remains largely unknown. In this work, we employ linear maps and their inverses to derive new sufficient analytical conditions for absolute separability in arbitrary dimensions, providing extremal points of this set and improving its characterization. Additionally, we employ convex geometry optimization to refine the characterization of the set when multiple non-comparable criteria for absolute separability are available. We also address the closely related problem of characterizing the absolute PPT (positive partial transposition) set, which consists of quantum states that remain positive under partial transposition across all unitary transformations. Finally, we extend our results to multipartite states.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae0c22
Yang Ding,Hengyue Li,Jianhui Chang,Liming Ding,Junliang Yang
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered attention for their high efficiency and low production costs. However, long-term operational stability remains a significant challenge due to strain-induced degradation that impacts the structural integrity and performance of the perovskite layer. Strain, arising from factors such as lattice mismatch between layers, thermal expansion during fabrication, and external mechanical forces, can induce structural defects, accelerate ion migration and further reduce the operational lifespan of devices. Research has shown that strategies such as doping, additive engineering, optimization of annealing processes, and interface modification can effectively relieve the residual strain produced in the fabrication process of perovskite film, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the device. Among them, interface engineering has proven to be a key strategy for regulating strain and accordingly enhancing device stability. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in interface engineering approaches aimed at strain regulation in PSCs. The role of interface design with strain regulation in enhancing crystallinity, reducing defect density, and improving long-term performance is discussed in details, offering insights into future strategies for improving the stability and efficiency of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.
.
{"title":"Strain regulation by interface engineering in perovskite solar cells.","authors":"Yang Ding,Hengyue Li,Jianhui Chang,Liming Ding,Junliang Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0c22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0c22","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered attention for their high efficiency and low production costs. However, long-term operational stability remains a significant challenge due to strain-induced degradation that impacts the structural integrity and performance of the perovskite layer. Strain, arising from factors such as lattice mismatch between layers, thermal expansion during fabrication, and external mechanical forces, can induce structural defects, accelerate ion migration and further reduce the operational lifespan of devices. Research has shown that strategies such as doping, additive engineering, optimization of annealing processes, and interface modification can effectively relieve the residual strain produced in the fabrication process of perovskite film, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the device. Among them, interface engineering has proven to be a key strategy for regulating strain and accordingly enhancing device stability. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in interface engineering approaches aimed at strain regulation in PSCs. The role of interface design with strain regulation in enhancing crystallinity, reducing defect density, and improving long-term performance is discussed in details, offering insights into future strategies for improving the stability and efficiency of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional three-dimensional perovskite structures encounter significant challenges in achieving high-quality light emission. In contrast, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites (LDMHPs) have emerged as promising alternatives, owing to their exceptional luminescent properties. However, the stability of LDMHPs remains a critical issue, limiting their potential in light-emitting and display applications. This review first examines the luminescence mechanisms and instability factors associated with LDMHPs, then summarizes strategies to enhance the stability, offering insights for further improvement. Additionally, the specific applications of LDMHPs are discussed based on electroluminescence and photoluminescence. Finally, the challenges and future directions are explored for the commercialization of LDMHPs in luminescent or display devices. This review provides valuable guidance for ongoing researches in this field.
.
{"title":"Stability strategies and luminescent applications of low-dimensional metal halide perovskites.","authors":"Junhu Cai,Wenzong Lai,Hao Chen,Feifei Chen,Xiang Zhang,Yu Chen,Borui Jiang,Xiaogang Chen,Gongming Li,Nan Zha,Zheng Zhou,Huilong Yang,Tailiang Guo,Jiajun Luo,Enguo Chen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0b8f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0b8f","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional three-dimensional perovskite structures encounter significant challenges in achieving high-quality light emission. In contrast, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites (LDMHPs) have emerged as promising alternatives, owing to their exceptional luminescent properties. However, the stability of LDMHPs remains a critical issue, limiting their potential in light-emitting and display applications. This review first examines the luminescence mechanisms and instability factors associated with LDMHPs, then summarizes strategies to enhance the stability, offering insights for further improvement. Additionally, the specific applications of LDMHPs are discussed based on electroluminescence and photoluminescence. Finally, the challenges and future directions are explored for the commercialization of LDMHPs in luminescent or display devices. This review provides valuable guidance for ongoing researches in this field.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interplay between the fractional quantum Hall effect and nematicity is intriguing as it links emerging topological order and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Anisotropic fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) have indeed been reported in GaAs quantum wells but only in tilted magnetic fields, where the in-plane field explicitly breaks the rotational symmetry. Here we report the observation of FQHSs with highly anisotropic longitudinal resistances in purely perpendicular magnetic fields at even-denominator Landau level fillings ν = 5/2 and 7/2 in ultrahigh-quality GaAs twodimensional hole systems. The coexistence of FQHSs and spontaneous symmetry breaking at half fillings signals the emergence of nematic FQHSs which also likely harbor non-Abelian quasiparticle excitations. By gate tuning the hole density, we observe a phase transition from an anisotropic, developing FQHS to an isotropic composite fermion Fermi sea at ν = 7/2. Our calculations suggest that the mixed orbital components in the partially occupied Landau level play a key role in the competition and interplay between topological and nematic orders.
{"title":"Even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states with spontaneously broken rotational symmetry.","authors":"Chengyu Wang,Adbhut Gupta,Siddharth Singh,Chia-Tse Tai,Loren Pfeiffer,Kirk Baldwin,Roland Winkler,Mansour Shayegan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0a7f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0a7f","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay between the fractional quantum Hall effect and nematicity is intriguing as it links emerging topological order and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Anisotropic fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) have indeed been reported in GaAs quantum wells but only in tilted magnetic fields, where the in-plane field explicitly breaks the rotational symmetry. Here we report the observation of FQHSs with highly anisotropic longitudinal resistances in purely perpendicular magnetic fields at even-denominator Landau level fillings ν = 5/2 and 7/2 in ultrahigh-quality GaAs twodimensional hole systems. The coexistence of FQHSs and spontaneous symmetry breaking at half fillings signals the emergence of nematic FQHSs which also likely harbor non-Abelian quasiparticle excitations. By gate tuning the hole density, we observe a phase transition from an anisotropic, developing FQHS to an isotropic composite fermion Fermi sea at ν = 7/2. Our calculations suggest that the mixed orbital components in the partially occupied Landau level play a key role in the competition and interplay between topological and nematic orders.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae082c
Purba Mukherjee,Anjan A Sen
We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic distances using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework as well as knot-based spline techniques with DESI-DR2 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed cosmic distances and their derivatives, we obtain seven characteristic redshifts in the range $0.3 leq z leq 1.7$. We derive the normalized expansion rate of the Universe $E(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal a significant deviations of approximately $4$ to 5$sigma$ from the Planck 2018 $Lambda$CDM predictions, particularly pronounced in the redshift range $z sim 0.35$-0.55. These anomalies are consistently observed across both reconstruction methods and combined datasets, indicating robust late-time tensions in the expansion rate of the Universe and which are distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension''. This could signal new physics beyond the standard cosmological framework at this redshift range. Our findings underscore the role of characteristic redshifts as sensitive indicators of expansion rate anomalies and motivate further scrutiny with forthcoming datasets from DESI-5YR BAO, Euclid, and LSST. These future surveys will tighten constraints and will confirm whether these late-time anomalies arise from new fundamental physics or unresolved systematics in the data.
{"title":"New expansion rate anomalies at characteristic redshifts geometrically determined using DESI-DR2 BAO and DES-SN5YR observations.","authors":"Purba Mukherjee,Anjan A Sen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae082c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae082c","url":null,"abstract":"We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic distances using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework as well as knot-based spline techniques with DESI-DR2 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed cosmic distances and their derivatives, we obtain seven characteristic redshifts in the range $0.3 leq z leq 1.7$. We derive the normalized expansion rate of the Universe $E(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal a significant deviations of approximately $4$ to 5$sigma$ from the Planck 2018 $Lambda$CDM predictions, particularly pronounced in the redshift range $z sim 0.35$-0.55. These anomalies are consistently observed across both reconstruction methods and combined datasets, indicating robust late-time tensions in the expansion rate of the Universe and which are distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension''. This could signal new physics beyond the standard cosmological framework at this redshift range. Our findings underscore the role of characteristic redshifts as sensitive indicators of expansion rate anomalies and motivate further scrutiny with forthcoming datasets from DESI-5YR BAO, Euclid, and LSST. These future surveys will tighten constraints and will confirm whether these late-time anomalies arise from new fundamental physics or unresolved systematics in the data.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"636 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface plasmonics studies the collective oscillations of electrons in materials following excitation by light and related evanescent wave properties under near-field coupling. Due to the advantages of near-field enhancement, wavelength tunability, and overcoming the band gap limitation on the absorption wavelength, surface plasmonics is considered promising for broad developments in optoelectronics. Over the past decade, surface plasmon phenomena have been used in various technologies, for example photodetectors. This review discusses the physical models, role of waveguides, carrier dynamics and energy transfer modes of plasmons, particularly the structure and working principle of state-of-the-art plasmon photodetectors, with the aim of delving into the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we summarize recent developments in simulation techniques and detection methods in plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering. Finally, we present the latest progress, future prospects and remaining challenges associated with plasmon enhanced photodetection.
{"title":"Plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering: basic principle, design strategies and challenges.","authors":"Yuge Feng,Kun Chao,Keming Wu,Sitong Yuan,Ajit Khosla,Rusen Yang,Federico Rosei,Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae07fc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae07fc","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmonics studies the collective oscillations of electrons in materials following excitation by light and related evanescent wave properties under near-field coupling. Due to the advantages of near-field enhancement, wavelength tunability, and overcoming the band gap limitation on the absorption wavelength, surface plasmonics is considered promising for broad developments in optoelectronics. Over the past decade, surface plasmon phenomena have been used in various technologies, for example photodetectors. This review discusses the physical models, role of waveguides, carrier dynamics and energy transfer modes of plasmons, particularly the structure and working principle of state-of-the-art plasmon photodetectors, with the aim of delving into the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we summarize recent developments in simulation techniques and detection methods in plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering. Finally, we present the latest progress, future prospects and remaining challenges associated with plasmon enhanced photodetection.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topological defects are fundamental to the collective dynamics of non-equilibrium systems and in active matter, mediating spontaneous flows, dynamic self-organization, and emergent pattern formation.
Here, we reveal critical states in active nematics, marked by slowed defect density relaxation, amplified fluctuations, and heightened sensitivity to activity. Near criticality, defect interactions become long-ranged, scaling with system size, and the system enters an anti-hyperuniform regime with giant number fluctuations of topological defects and defect clustering. This transition reflects a dual scaling behavior: fluctuations are uniform at small scales but become anti-hyperuniform at larger scales, as supported by experimental measurements on large-field-of-view endothelial monolayers. We find that these anti-hyperuniform states with multiscale defect density fluctuations are robust to varying parameters, introducing frictional damping, and changing boundary conditions. Finally, we show that the observed anti-hyperuniformity originates from defect clustering, distinguishing this transition from defect-unbinding or phase separation processes. Beyond fundamental implications for non-equilibrium systems, these results may inform biological contexts where topological defects are integral to processes such as morphogenesis and collective cellular self-organization.
{"title":"Anti-hyperuniform critical states of active topological defects.","authors":"Simon Guldager Andersen,Tianxiang Ma,Makito Fredskild Katsume,Kexin Li,Xiao Liu,Martin Cramer Pedersen,Amin Doostmohammadi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae075e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae075e","url":null,"abstract":"Topological defects are fundamental to the collective dynamics of non-equilibrium systems and in active matter, mediating spontaneous flows, dynamic self-organization, and emergent pattern formation.
Here, we reveal critical states in active nematics, marked by slowed defect density relaxation, amplified fluctuations, and heightened sensitivity to activity. Near criticality, defect interactions become long-ranged, scaling with system size, and the system enters an anti-hyperuniform regime with giant number fluctuations of topological defects and defect clustering. This transition reflects a dual scaling behavior: fluctuations are uniform at small scales but become anti-hyperuniform at larger scales, as supported by experimental measurements on large-field-of-view endothelial monolayers. We find that these anti-hyperuniform states with multiscale defect density fluctuations are robust to varying parameters, introducing frictional damping, and changing boundary conditions. Finally, we show that the observed anti-hyperuniformity originates from defect clustering, distinguishing this transition from defect-unbinding or phase separation processes. Beyond fundamental implications for non-equilibrium systems, these results may inform biological contexts where topological defects are integral to processes such as morphogenesis and collective cellular self-organization.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：