Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae2888
Felipe Reyes-Osorio,Federico Garcia-Gaitan,David J Strachan,Petr Plechac,Stephen Richard Clark,Branislav K Nikolic
We develop a unified framework for open quantum systems composed of many mutually interacting quantum spins, or any isomorphic systems like qubits and qudits, surrounded by one or more independent bosonic baths. Our framework, based on Schwinger-Keldysh field theory (SKFT), can handle arbitrary spin value S, dimensionality of space, and geometry while being applicable to a large parameter space for system and bath or their coupling. It can probe regimes in which non-Markovian dynamics and nonperturbative effects pose formidable challenges for other state-of-the-art theoretical methods. This is achieved by working with the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action, which resums classes of Feynman diagrams of SKFT to an infinite order. Furthermore, such diagrams are generated via an expansion in 1/N, where N is the number of Schwinger bosons we employ to map spin operators onto canonically commuting ones, rather than via conventional expansion in system-bath coupling constant. We carefully benchmark our SKFT+2PI-computed results vs. numerically (quasi)exact ones from tensor network calculations applied to the archetypical spin-boson model where both methodologies are applicable. Additionally, we demonstrate the capability of SKFT+2PI to handle a much more complex spin-chain-boson model with multiple baths interacting with each spin where no benchmark from other methods is available at present. The favorable numerical cost of solving integro-differential equations produced by the SKFT+2PI framework with an increasing number of spins and time steps makes it a promising route for simulating driven-dissipative systems in quantum computing, quantum magnonics, and quantum spintronics.
.
{"title":"Schwinger-Keldysh non-perturbative field theory of open quantum systems beyond the Markovian regime: Application to spin-boson and spin-chain-boson models.","authors":"Felipe Reyes-Osorio,Federico Garcia-Gaitan,David J Strachan,Petr Plechac,Stephen Richard Clark,Branislav K Nikolic","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae2888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae2888","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a unified framework for open quantum systems composed of many mutually interacting quantum spins, or any isomorphic systems like qubits and qudits, surrounded by one or more independent bosonic baths. Our framework, based on Schwinger-Keldysh field theory (SKFT), can handle arbitrary spin value S, dimensionality of space, and geometry while being applicable to a large parameter space for system and bath or their coupling. It can probe regimes in which non-Markovian dynamics and nonperturbative effects pose formidable challenges for other state-of-the-art theoretical methods. This is achieved by working with the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action, which resums classes of Feynman diagrams of SKFT to an infinite order. Furthermore, such diagrams are generated via an expansion in 1/N, where N is the number of Schwinger bosons we employ to map spin operators onto canonically commuting ones, rather than via conventional expansion in system-bath coupling constant. We carefully benchmark our SKFT+2PI-computed results vs. numerically (quasi)exact ones from tensor network calculations applied to the archetypical spin-boson model where both methodologies are applicable. Additionally, we demonstrate the capability of SKFT+2PI to handle a much more complex spin-chain-boson model with multiple baths interacting with each spin where no benchmark from other methods is available at present. The favorable numerical cost of solving integro-differential equations produced by the SKFT+2PI framework with an increasing number of spins and time steps makes it a promising route for simulating driven-dissipative systems in quantum computing, quantum magnonics, and quantum spintronics.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae2206
Mickael Chekroun,Niccolò Zagli,Valerio Lucarini
We present a generalization of linear response theory for mixed jump-diffusion models-which combine both Gaussian and Lévy noise forcings that interact with the nonlinear dynamics-by deriving a comprehensive response formulas that accounts for perturbations to both the drift term and the jumps law. This class of models is particularly relevant for parameterizing the effects of unresolved scales in complex systems. Our formulas are thus particularly relevant to quantify uncertainties in either what needs to be parameterized (e.g. the jumps law), or to measure dynamical changes due to perturbations of the drift term (e.g. parameter variations). By generalizing the concepts of Kolmogorov operators and Green's functions, we obtain new forms of fluctuation-dissipation relations. The resulting response is decomposed into contributions from the eigenmodes of the Kolmogorov operator, providing a fresh look into the intimate relationship between a system's natural and forced variability. We demonstrate the theory's predictive power with two distinct climate-centric applications. First, we apply our framework to a paradigmatic El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) model subject to state-dependent jumps and additive white noise, showing how the theory accurately predicts the system's response to perturbations and how Kolmogorov modes can be used to diagnose its complex time variability. In a second, more challenging application, we use our linear response theory to perform accurate climate change projections in the Ghil-Sellers (GS) energy balance climate model, which is a spatially-extended model forced here by a spatio-temporal αstable process. This work provides a comprehensive approach to climate modeling and prediction that enriches Hasselmann's program, with implications for understanding climate sensitivity, detection and attribution of climate change, and assessing the risk of climate tipping points. Our results may find applications beyond the realm of climate, and seem of relevance for epidemiology, biology, finance, and quantitative social sciences, among others.
{"title":"Kolmogorov modes and linear response of jump-diffusion models.","authors":"Mickael Chekroun,Niccolò Zagli,Valerio Lucarini","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae2206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae2206","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generalization of linear response theory for mixed jump-diffusion models-which combine both Gaussian and Lévy noise forcings that interact with the nonlinear dynamics-by deriving a comprehensive response formulas that accounts for perturbations to both the drift term and the jumps law. This class of models is particularly relevant for parameterizing the effects of unresolved scales in complex systems. Our formulas are thus particularly relevant to quantify uncertainties in either what needs to be parameterized (e.g. the jumps law), or to measure dynamical changes due to perturbations of the drift term (e.g. parameter variations). By generalizing the concepts of Kolmogorov operators and Green's functions, we obtain new forms of fluctuation-dissipation relations. The resulting response is decomposed into contributions from the eigenmodes of the Kolmogorov operator, providing a fresh look into the intimate relationship between a system's natural and forced variability. We demonstrate the theory's predictive power with two distinct climate-centric applications. First, we apply our framework to a paradigmatic El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) model subject to state-dependent jumps and additive white noise, showing how the theory accurately predicts the system's response to perturbations and how Kolmogorov modes can be used to diagnose its complex time variability. In a second, more challenging application, we use our linear response theory to perform accurate climate change projections in the Ghil-Sellers (GS) energy balance climate model, which is a spatially-extended model forced here by a spatio-temporal αstable process. This work provides a comprehensive approach to climate modeling and prediction that enriches Hasselmann's program, with implications for understanding climate sensitivity, detection and attribution of climate change, and assessing the risk of climate tipping points. Our results may find applications beyond the realm of climate, and seem of relevance for epidemiology, biology, finance, and quantitative social sciences, among others.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae1a15
Jun-Ying Jiang,Liang Gao,Hai-Bin Yu
Glass materials, as quintessential non-equilibrium systems, exhibit properties such as energy dissipation that are highly sensitive to their preparation histories. A key challenge has been identifying a unified order parameter to rationalize these properties. Here, we
demonstrate that a configurational distance metric can effectively collapse energy dissipation data across diverse preparation histories and testing protocols, including varying cooling rates, aging processes, probing times, and the amplitudes of mechanical excitation, as long as the temperature remains above the kinetic ideal glass transition temperature (where the extrapolated structural relaxation time diverges). Our results provide a unified description of the non-equilibrium dissipation and suggest that the putative concept of the kinetic ideal glass transition is imprinted in material characteristics.
{"title":"Order parameter for non-equilibrium dissipation and ideal glass.","authors":"Jun-Ying Jiang,Liang Gao,Hai-Bin Yu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae1a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae1a15","url":null,"abstract":"Glass materials, as quintessential non-equilibrium systems, exhibit properties such as energy dissipation that are highly sensitive to their preparation histories. A key challenge has been identifying a unified order parameter to rationalize these properties. Here, we
demonstrate that a configurational distance metric can effectively collapse energy dissipation data across diverse preparation histories and testing protocols, including varying cooling rates, aging processes, probing times, and the amplitudes of mechanical excitation, as long as the temperature remains above the kinetic ideal glass transition temperature (where the extrapolated structural relaxation time diverges). Our results provide a unified description of the non-equilibrium dissipation and suggest that the putative concept of the kinetic ideal glass transition is imprinted in material characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145411601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spin and orbital angular momenta (AM) are of fundamental importance in physics. Acoustic waves, as typical longitudinal waves, have been well studied in terms of orbital AM but not for spin AM, as they are often perceived as spin-0 waves. Although spin AM density has been found in acoustics, the total spin AM is, however, often vanishing. At material boundaries, finite total spin AM and spin-orbit interaction can arise for evanescent waves but only for transverse spin AM not for longitudinal spin AM. Here, from a self-consistent theoretical frame, we establish the spin, orbital, and total AM of acoustic vortex beams, and discover that a non-zero integral longitudinal spin AM is carried by the propagating acoustic field. With the longitudinal acoustic spin, we unveil a new mechanism of spin-orbit interaction emerging when a vortex beam is compressed or expanded. Moreover, we reveal the connection and distinction between the acoustic canonical-Minkowski and kinetic-Abraham AM, and prove that only the former is conserved under the corresponding symmetry. Based on these findings, we propose new strategies for manipulating acoustic spin and orbital AM. Our discovery elucidates new fundamental aspects of spin and orbital AM as well as their interplay in acoustics, which can be extended to other classical waves and may open up new ways for AM-based applications in these systems.
自旋角动量和轨道角动量在物理学中具有重要的基础意义。声波作为典型的纵波，已经在轨道调幅方面进行了很好的研究，但对于自旋调幅却没有，因为它们通常被认为是自旋0波。虽然在声学中发现了自旋调幅的密度，但总的自旋调幅常常消失。在材料边界处，有限总自旋AM和自旋轨道相互作用可以产生倏逝波，但只有横向自旋AM而不是纵向自旋AM。本文从一个自洽的理论框架出发，建立了声涡旋波束的自旋、轨道和总调幅，发现了一个非零积分纵向自旋调幅是由传播的声场携带的。利用纵向声自旋，我们揭示了涡旋束被压缩或膨胀时出现的自旋-轨道相互作用的新机制。此外，我们揭示了声学经典- minkowski和动力学- abraham AM之间的联系和区别，并证明了在相应的对称下只有前者是守恒的。基于这些发现，我们提出了操纵声自旋和轨道调幅的新策略。我们的发现阐明了自旋和轨道调幅的新基本方面以及它们在声学中的相互作用，这可以扩展到其他经典波，并可能为这些系统中基于调幅的应用开辟新的途径。
{"title":"Longitudinal acoustic spin and global spin-orbit interaction in vortex beams.","authors":"Wei Wang,Yang Tan,Jingjing Liu,JianHua Jiang,Bin Liang,Jianchun Cheng","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae15bc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae15bc","url":null,"abstract":"Spin and orbital angular momenta (AM) are of fundamental importance in physics. Acoustic waves, as typical longitudinal waves, have been well studied in terms of orbital AM but not for spin AM, as they are often perceived as spin-0 waves. Although spin AM density has been found in acoustics, the total spin AM is, however, often vanishing. At material boundaries, finite total spin AM and spin-orbit interaction can arise for evanescent waves but only for transverse spin AM not for longitudinal spin AM. Here, from a self-consistent theoretical frame, we establish the spin, orbital, and total AM of acoustic vortex beams, and discover that a non-zero integral longitudinal spin AM is carried by the propagating acoustic field. With the longitudinal acoustic spin, we unveil a new mechanism of spin-orbit interaction emerging when a vortex beam is compressed or expanded. Moreover, we reveal the connection and distinction between the acoustic canonical-Minkowski and kinetic-Abraham AM, and prove that only the former is conserved under the corresponding symmetry. Based on these findings, we propose new strategies for manipulating acoustic spin and orbital AM. Our discovery elucidates new fundamental aspects of spin and orbital AM as well as their interplay in acoustics, which can be extended to other classical waves and may open up new ways for AM-based applications in these systems.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To understand the emergence of macroscopic irreversibility from microscopic reversible dynamics, the idea of coarse-graining plays a fundamental role. In this work, we develop a unified inferential framework for macroscopic states, that is, coarse descriptions of microscopic quantum systems that can be inferred from macroscopic measurements. Building on quantum statistical sufficiency and Bayesian retrodiction, we characterize macroscopic states through equivalent abstract (algebraic) and explicit (constructive) formulations.Central to our approach is the notion of observational deficit, which quantifies the degree of irretrodictability of a state relative to a prior and a measurement. This leads to a general definition of macroscopic entropy as an inferentially grounded measure of asymmetry under Bayesian inversion. We formalize this structure in terms of inferential reference frames, defined by the pair consisting of a prior and a measurement, which encapsulate the observer's informational perspective.We then formulate a resource theory of microscopicity, treating macroscopic states as free states and introducing a hierarchy of macroscopicity-non-generating operations. This theory unifies and extends existing resource theories of coherence, athermality, and asymmetry.Finally, we apply the framework to study quantum correlations under observational constraints, introducing the notion of observational discord and deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for their vanishing in terms of information recoverability.
{"title":"Macroscopicity and observational deficit in states, operations, and correlations.","authors":"Teruaki Nagasawa,Eyuri Wakakuwa,Kohtaro Kato,Francesco Buscemi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae140e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae140e","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the emergence of macroscopic irreversibility from microscopic reversible dynamics, the idea of coarse-graining plays a fundamental role. In this work, we develop a unified inferential framework for macroscopic states, that is, coarse descriptions of microscopic quantum systems that can be inferred from macroscopic measurements. Building on quantum statistical sufficiency and Bayesian retrodiction, we characterize macroscopic states through equivalent abstract (algebraic) and explicit (constructive) formulations.Central to our approach is the notion of observational deficit, which quantifies the degree of irretrodictability of a state relative to a prior and a measurement. This leads to a general definition of macroscopic entropy as an inferentially grounded measure of asymmetry under Bayesian inversion. We formalize this structure in terms of inferential reference frames, defined by the pair consisting of a prior and a measurement, which encapsulate the observer's informational perspective.We then formulate a resource theory of microscopicity, treating macroscopic states as free states and introducing a hierarchy of macroscopicity-non-generating operations. This theory unifies and extends existing resource theories of coherence, athermality, and asymmetry.Finally, we apply the framework to study quantum correlations under observational constraints, introducing the notion of observational discord and deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for their vanishing in terms of information recoverability.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract
The primary focus of spintronics is the investigation of novel spin splitting effects and related spin-polarized quantum materials, which have been extensively pursued for their potential applications. The structural inversion asymmetric Rashba splitting, bulk inversion asymmetric Dresselhaus splitting, and ferromagnetic spin polarization derived from Zeeman splitting constitute the foundation of traditional spintronics. From a symmetry perspective, ferromagnets achieve spin splitting through the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. However, in time-reversal symmetric and inversion symmetric materials with spin-orbit coupling, unexpected forms of spin-splitting can also arise by breaking local inversion symmetry, known as hidden spin-momentum locking, bringing infinite vitality to fundamental research and future applications. This review first highlights notable advancements in spin-splitting within centrosymmetric systems, then examines the influence of hidden spin-momentum locking on superconducting and topological behaviors, concluding with a discussion on prospective opportunities in this emerging field. Given the rapid progress in non-relativistic spin splittings-particularly within altermagnetism-we develop appropriately scaled extensions to advance this emerging field. This review seeks to enhance our understanding of the "hidden effect" in fundamental research while uncovering additional quantum phenomena that emerge from introducing extra degrees of freedom-an aspect that underscores the unique appeal of quantum materials capable of continuously demonstrating novel effects.
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{"title":"Spin-momentum locking in locally noncentrosymmetric quantum materials.","authors":"Ke Zhang,Yusen Feng,Yu Chen,Jie Gong,Lin Xu,Zhenhua Wu,Chang Liu,Chaoyu Chen,Kenya Shimada,Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae1379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract
The primary focus of spintronics is the investigation of novel spin splitting effects and related spin-polarized quantum materials, which have been extensively pursued for their potential applications. The structural inversion asymmetric Rashba splitting, bulk inversion asymmetric Dresselhaus splitting, and ferromagnetic spin polarization derived from Zeeman splitting constitute the foundation of traditional spintronics. From a symmetry perspective, ferromagnets achieve spin splitting through the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. However, in time-reversal symmetric and inversion symmetric materials with spin-orbit coupling, unexpected forms of spin-splitting can also arise by breaking local inversion symmetry, known as hidden spin-momentum locking, bringing infinite vitality to fundamental research and future applications. This review first highlights notable advancements in spin-splitting within centrosymmetric systems, then examines the influence of hidden spin-momentum locking on superconducting and topological behaviors, concluding with a discussion on prospective opportunities in this emerging field. Given the rapid progress in non-relativistic spin splittings-particularly within altermagnetism-we develop appropriately scaled extensions to advance this emerging field. This review seeks to enhance our understanding of the \"hidden effect\" in fundamental research while uncovering additional quantum phenomena that emerge from introducing extra degrees of freedom-an aspect that underscores the unique appeal of quantum materials capable of continuously demonstrating novel effects.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inherent disorder imparts amorphous solids with a range of anomalous yet universally observed mechanical and thermodynamic properties at low temperatures, which distinguish them from their crystalline counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of these low-temperature anomalies is imperative from all perspectives but still seems to be a long-lasting challenge. In particular, it has long been recognized that low-frequency vibrations play an indispensable role in understanding low-temperature properties of amorphous solids. One noteworthy aspect is that the past decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in numerical and theoretical investigations of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum beyond the Debye prediction; however, despite great efforts and advancements, some debated problems remain unsolved. Therefore, the discussion of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum constitutes the primary focus of this review. Additionally, insights provided by low-frequency non-phononic vibrations in comprehending other elusive issues, such as the glass transition, phonon attenuation, two-level systems, and soft spots, are discussed.
{"title":"Low-frequency non-phononic vibrations of amorphous solids.","authors":"Lijin Wang,Ding Xu,Shiyun Zhang,Yunhuan Nie,Hua Tong,Ning Xu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0e34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0e34","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent disorder imparts amorphous solids with a range of anomalous yet universally observed mechanical and thermodynamic properties at low temperatures, which distinguish them from their crystalline counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of these low-temperature anomalies is imperative from all perspectives but still seems to be a long-lasting challenge. In particular, it has long been recognized that low-frequency vibrations play an indispensable role in understanding low-temperature properties of amorphous solids. One noteworthy aspect is that the past decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in numerical and theoretical investigations of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum beyond the Debye prediction; however, despite great efforts and advancements, some debated problems remain unsolved. Therefore, the discussion of the low-frequency non-phononic spectrum constitutes the primary focus of this review. Additionally, insights provided by low-frequency non-phononic vibrations in comprehending other elusive issues, such as the glass transition, phonon attenuation, two-level systems, and soft spots, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum states that remain separable (i.e., not entangled) under any global unitary transformation are known as absolutely separable and form a convex set. Despite extensive efforts, the complete characterization of this set remains largely unknown. In this work, we employ linear maps and their inverses to derive new sufficient analytical conditions for absolute separability in arbitrary dimensions, providing extremal points of this set and improving its characterization. Additionally, we employ convex geometry optimization to refine the characterization of the set when multiple non-comparable criteria for absolute separability are available. We also address the closely related problem of characterizing the absolute PPT (positive partial transposition) set, which consists of quantum states that remain positive under partial transposition across all unitary transformations. Finally, we extend our results to multipartite states.
{"title":"Sufficient criteria for absolute separability in arbitrary dimensions via linear map inverses.","authors":"Jofre Abellanet Vidal,Guillem Müller-Rigat,Grzegorz Rajchel-Mieldzioć,Anna Sanpera","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0cfa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0cfa","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum states that remain separable (i.e., not entangled) under any global unitary transformation are known as absolutely separable and form a convex set. Despite extensive efforts, the complete characterization of this set remains largely unknown. In this work, we employ linear maps and their inverses to derive new sufficient analytical conditions for absolute separability in arbitrary dimensions, providing extremal points of this set and improving its characterization. Additionally, we employ convex geometry optimization to refine the characterization of the set when multiple non-comparable criteria for absolute separability are available. We also address the closely related problem of characterizing the absolute PPT (positive partial transposition) set, which consists of quantum states that remain positive under partial transposition across all unitary transformations. Finally, we extend our results to multipartite states.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae0c22
Yang Ding,Hengyue Li,Jianhui Chang,Liming Ding,Junliang Yang
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered attention for their high efficiency and low production costs. However, long-term operational stability remains a significant challenge due to strain-induced degradation that impacts the structural integrity and performance of the perovskite layer. Strain, arising from factors such as lattice mismatch between layers, thermal expansion during fabrication, and external mechanical forces, can induce structural defects, accelerate ion migration and further reduce the operational lifespan of devices. Research has shown that strategies such as doping, additive engineering, optimization of annealing processes, and interface modification can effectively relieve the residual strain produced in the fabrication process of perovskite film, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the device. Among them, interface engineering has proven to be a key strategy for regulating strain and accordingly enhancing device stability. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in interface engineering approaches aimed at strain regulation in PSCs. The role of interface design with strain regulation in enhancing crystallinity, reducing defect density, and improving long-term performance is discussed in details, offering insights into future strategies for improving the stability and efficiency of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.
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{"title":"Strain regulation by interface engineering in perovskite solar cells.","authors":"Yang Ding,Hengyue Li,Jianhui Chang,Liming Ding,Junliang Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0c22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0c22","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered attention for their high efficiency and low production costs. However, long-term operational stability remains a significant challenge due to strain-induced degradation that impacts the structural integrity and performance of the perovskite layer. Strain, arising from factors such as lattice mismatch between layers, thermal expansion during fabrication, and external mechanical forces, can induce structural defects, accelerate ion migration and further reduce the operational lifespan of devices. Research has shown that strategies such as doping, additive engineering, optimization of annealing processes, and interface modification can effectively relieve the residual strain produced in the fabrication process of perovskite film, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the device. Among them, interface engineering has proven to be a key strategy for regulating strain and accordingly enhancing device stability. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in interface engineering approaches aimed at strain regulation in PSCs. The role of interface design with strain regulation in enhancing crystallinity, reducing defect density, and improving long-term performance is discussed in details, offering insights into future strategies for improving the stability and efficiency of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional three-dimensional perovskite structures encounter significant challenges in achieving high-quality light emission. In contrast, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites (LDMHPs) have emerged as promising alternatives, owing to their exceptional luminescent properties. However, the stability of LDMHPs remains a critical issue, limiting their potential in light-emitting and display applications. This review first examines the luminescence mechanisms and instability factors associated with LDMHPs, then summarizes strategies to enhance the stability, offering insights for further improvement. Additionally, the specific applications of LDMHPs are discussed based on electroluminescence and photoluminescence. Finally, the challenges and future directions are explored for the commercialization of LDMHPs in luminescent or display devices. This review provides valuable guidance for ongoing researches in this field.
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{"title":"Stability strategies and luminescent applications of low-dimensional metal halide perovskites.","authors":"Junhu Cai,Wenzong Lai,Hao Chen,Feifei Chen,Xiang Zhang,Yu Chen,Borui Jiang,Xiaogang Chen,Gongming Li,Nan Zha,Zheng Zhou,Huilong Yang,Tailiang Guo,Jiajun Luo,Enguo Chen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0b8f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0b8f","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional three-dimensional perovskite structures encounter significant challenges in achieving high-quality light emission. In contrast, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites (LDMHPs) have emerged as promising alternatives, owing to their exceptional luminescent properties. However, the stability of LDMHPs remains a critical issue, limiting their potential in light-emitting and display applications. This review first examines the luminescence mechanisms and instability factors associated with LDMHPs, then summarizes strategies to enhance the stability, offering insights for further improvement. Additionally, the specific applications of LDMHPs are discussed based on electroluminescence and photoluminescence. Finally, the challenges and future directions are explored for the commercialization of LDMHPs in luminescent or display devices. This review provides valuable guidance for ongoing researches in this field.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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