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Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics 用于原子、分子和固体物理中超快动力学研究的阿秒光谱学
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5e7f
R. Borrego-Varillas, M. Lucchini, M. Nisoli
Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10−18 s) in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced, at the beginning for the temporal characterization of the pulses, and immediately after for the investigation of electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids with unprecedented temporal resolution. The attosecond spectroscopic tools established in the last two decades, together with the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the experimental outcomes, allowed to unravel and investigate physical processes never observed before, such as the delay in photoemission from atoms and solids, the motion of electrons in molecules after prompt ionization which precede any notable nuclear motion, the temporal evolution of the tunneling process in dielectrics, and many others. This review focused on applications of attosecond techniques to the investigation of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules and solids. Thanks to the introduction and ongoing developments of new spectroscopic techniques, the attosecond science is rapidly moving towards the investigation, understanding and control of coupled electron–nuclear dynamics in increasingly complex systems, with ever more accurate and complete investigation techniques. Here we will review the most common techniques presenting the latest results in atoms, molecules and solids.
自从在极紫外光谱区首次演示产生阿秒脉冲(1 as = 10−18 s)以来,已经引入了几种测量技术,首先用于脉冲的时间表征,紧接着用于原子、分子和固体中的电子和核超快动力学的研究,具有前所未有的时间分辨率。近二十年来建立的阿秒光谱学工具,以及解释实验结果的复杂理论方法的发展,使人们能够揭示和研究以前从未观察到的物理过程,例如原子和固体的光电发射延迟,分子中电子在迅速电离后的运动(在任何显著的核运动之前),电介质中隧穿过程的时间演变,还有其他许多人。本文综述了阿秒技术在原子、分子和固体超快过程研究中的应用。由于新的光谱技术的引入和不断发展,阿秒科学正迅速朝着越来越复杂系统中耦合电子-核动力学的研究、理解和控制方向发展,研究技术越来越精确和完整。在这里,我们将回顾最常见的技术,展示原子,分子和固体的最新成果。
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引用次数: 30
Active optical metasurfaces: comprehensive review on physics, mechanisms, and prospective applications 主动光学超表面:物理、机制和前景应用的综合综述
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac2aaf
Jingyi Yang, Sudip Gurung, Subhajit Bej, P. Ni, Ho Wai Howard Lee
Optical metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness hold considerable promise for future advances in fundamental optics and novel optical applications due to their unprecedented ability to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of transmitted, reflected, and diffracted light. Introducing active functionalities to optical metasurfaces is an essential step to the development of next-generation flat optical components and devices. During the last few years, many attempts have been made to develop tunable optical metasurfaces with dynamic control of optical properties (e.g., amplitude, phase, polarization, spatial/spectral/temporal responses) and early-stage device functions (e.g., beam steering, tunable focusing, tunable color filters/absorber, dynamic hologram, etc) based on a variety of novel active materials and tunable mechanisms. These recently-developed active metasurfaces show significant promise for practical applications, but significant challenges still remain. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recently-reported tunable metasurfaces is provided which focuses on the ten major tunable metasurface mechanisms. For each type of mechanism, the performance metrics on the reported tunable metasurface are outlined, and the capabilities/limitations of each mechanism and its potential for various photonic applications are compared and summarized. This review concludes with discussion of several prospective applications, emerging technologies, and research directions based on the use of tunable optical metasurfaces. We anticipate significant new advances when the tunable mechanisms are further developed in the coming years.
具有亚波长厚度的光学超表面在基础光学和新型光学应用中具有相当大的前景,因为它们具有前所未有的控制透射、反射和衍射光的相位、振幅和偏振的能力。将主动功能引入光学超表面是开发下一代平面光学元件和器件的重要一步。在过去的几年中,基于各种新型活性材料和可调谐机制,已经进行了许多尝试,以开发具有动态控制光学特性(例如,振幅,相位,偏振,空间/光谱/时间响应)和早期器件功能(例如,光束转向,可调谐聚焦,可调谐滤光片/吸收器,动态全息图等)的可调谐光学超表面。这些最近开发的有源元表面显示出实际应用的巨大前景,但仍然存在重大挑战。在这篇综述中,全面概述了最近报道的可调元表面,重点介绍了十种主要的可调元表面机制。对于每种类型的机制,概述了所报道的可调超表面上的性能指标,并比较和总结了每种机制的能力/限制及其在各种光子应用中的潜力。本文总结了可调光学超表面的应用前景、新兴技术和研究方向。我们期待在未来几年可调机制进一步发展时取得重大的新进展。
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引用次数: 44
Quantum many-body scars and Hilbert space fragmentation: a review of exact results 量子多体伤痕与希尔伯特空间碎片:对精确结果的回顾
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac73a0
Sanjay Moudgalya, B. Bernevig, N. Regnault
The discovery of quantum many-body scars (QMBS) both in Rydberg atom simulators and in the Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki spin-1 chain model, have shown that a weak violation of ergodicity can still lead to rich experimental and theoretical physics. In this review, we provide a pedagogical introduction to and an overview of the exact results on weak ergodicity breaking via QMBS in isolated quantum systems with the help of simple examples such as the fermionic Hubbard model. We also discuss various mechanisms and unifying formalisms that have been proposed to encompass the plethora of systems exhibiting QMBS. We cover examples of equally-spaced towers that lead to exact revivals for particular initial states, as well as isolated examples of QMBS. Finally, we review Hilbert space fragmentation, a related phenomenon where systems exhibit a richer variety of ergodic and non-ergodic behaviors, and discuss its connections to QMBS.
在Rydberg原子模拟器和Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki自旋-1链模型中发现的量子多体伤痕(QMBS)表明,弱的遍历性违反仍然可以导致丰富的实验和理论物理。在这篇综述中,我们通过费米子哈伯德模型等简单的例子,对孤立量子系统中通过QMBS进行弱遍历破缺的确切结果进行了教学介绍和概述。我们还讨论了各种机制和统一的形式,这些机制和形式已经被提出,以涵盖展示QMBS的过多系统。我们介绍了等间隔塔的例子,这些例子导致特定初始状态的精确恢复,以及QMBS的孤立例子。最后,我们回顾了Hilbert空间碎片化这一相关现象,其中系统表现出更丰富的遍历和非遍历行为,并讨论了它与QMBS的联系。
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引用次数: 181
Study of the Synthesis of Super Heavy Nuclei Based on Dinuclear System 基于双核体系合成超重核的研究
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.13725/J.CNKI.PIP.2021.04.001
Wang Yi-peng, Guo Shu-qing, Bao Xiao-jun, Deng Jun-gang, Zhang Hong-fei
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引用次数: 0
Superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates 无限层镍酸盐中的超导性
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5a60
Y. Nomura, R. Arita
The recent discovery of the superconductivity in the doped infinite layer nickelates RNiO2 (R = La, Pr, Nd) is of great interest since the nickelates are isostructural to doped (Ca, Sr)CuO2 having superconducting transition temperature (T c) of about 110 K. Verifying the commonalities and differences between these oxides will certainly give a new insight into the mechanism of high T c superconductivity in correlated electron systems. In this paper, we review experimental and theoretical works on this new superconductor and discuss the future perspectives for the ‘nickel age’ of superconductivity.
最近在掺无限层镍酸盐RNiO2 (R = La, Pr, Nd)中发现的超导性引起了极大的兴趣,因为镍酸盐与掺(Ca, Sr)CuO2是同结构的,超导转变温度(T c)约为110 K。验证这些氧化物之间的共性和差异,必将对相关电子系统中高温超导的机理提供新的认识。本文综述了这种新型超导体的实验和理论工作,并讨论了超导“镍时代”的未来前景。
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引用次数: 33
Quantum guessing games with posterior information 后验信息量子猜谜游戏
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-07-25 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac6f0e
C. Carmeli, Teiko Heinosaari, A. Toigo
Quantum guessing games form a versatile framework for studying different tasks of information processing. A quantum guessing game with posterior information uses quantum systems to encode messages and classical communication to give partial information after a quantum measurement has been performed. We present a general framework for quantum guessing games with posterior information and derive structure and reduction theorems that enable to analyze any such game. We formalize symmetry of guessing games and characterize the optimal measurements in cases where the symmetry is related to an irreducible representation. The application of guessing games to incompatibility detection is reviewed and clarified. All the presented main concepts and results are demonstrated with examples.
量子猜谜游戏为研究不同的信息处理任务提供了一个通用的框架。一种后验信息量子竞猜游戏,在量子测量完成后,利用量子系统对信息和经典通信进行编码,给出部分信息。我们提出了一个具有后验信息的量子竞猜游戏的一般框架,并推导了结构和约简定理,使分析任何此类游戏成为可能。我们形式化了竞猜游戏的对称性,并描述了对称与不可约表示相关的情况下的最优测量。本文综述了猜谜游戏在不相容性检测中的应用。所有提出的主要概念和结果都用实例进行了论证。
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引用次数: 1
Proximity effect in topological insulator/superconductor heterostructure 拓扑绝缘体/超导体异质结构中的邻近效应
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.13725/J.CNKI.PIP.2021.03.001
He Jia-Dian, Ding Yi-Fan, Teng Bo-Lun, D. Peng, L. Yi-Fei, Zhang Yi-wen, Wu Yue-Shen, Wang Jing-Hui, Zhou Xiang, Wang Zhi, Li Jun
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引用次数: 1
One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis 切碎随机基量子最优控制的十年研究
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac723c
Matthias M. Müller, R. Said, F. Jelezko, T. Calarco, S. Montangero
The chopped random basis (CRAB) ansatz for quantum optimal control has been proven to be a versatile tool to enable quantum technology applications such as quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Its capability to encompass experimental constraints—while maintaining an access to the usually trap-free control landscape—and to switch from open-loop to closed-loop optimization (including with remote access—or RedCRAB) is contributing to the development of quantum technology on many different physical platforms. In this review article we present the development, the theoretical basis and the toolbox for this optimization algorithm, as well as an overview of the broad range of different theoretical and experimental applications that exploit this powerful technique.
用于量子最优控制的切碎随机基(CRAB) ansatz已被证明是实现量子计算、量子模拟、量子传感和量子通信等量子技术应用的通用工具。它的能力包括实验限制,同时保持对通常无陷阱的控制环境的访问,并从开环切换到闭环优化(包括远程访问或RedCRAB),这有助于在许多不同的物理平台上发展量子技术。在这篇综述文章中,我们介绍了这种优化算法的发展,理论基础和工具箱,以及利用这种强大技术的广泛不同理论和实验应用的概述。
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引用次数: 44
The muon Smasher’s guide 介子粉碎者的指南
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac6678
Hind Al Ali, N. Arkani-Hamed, Ian Banta, Sean Benevedes, D. Buttazzo, Tianji Cai, Junyi Cheng, T. Cohen, N. Craig, Majid Ekhterachian, JiJi Fan, M. Forslund, I. G. Garcia, S. Homiller, S. Koren, G. Koszegi, Zhen Liu, Qianshu Lu, K. Lyu, Alberto Mariotti, Amara McCune, P. Meade, I. Ojalvo, Umut Oktem, D. Redigolo, M. Reece, F. Sala, R. Sundrum, Dave Sutherland, A. Tesi, Timothy D Trott, C. Tully, Lian-tao Wang, Menghang Wang
We lay out a comprehensive physics case for a future high-energy muon collider, exploring a range of collision energies (from 1 to 100 TeV) and luminosities. We highlight the advantages of such a collider over proposed alternatives. We show how one can leverage both the point-like nature of the muons themselves as well as the cloud of electroweak radiation that surrounds the beam to blur the dichotomy between energy and precision in the search for new physics. The physics case is buttressed by a range of studies with applications to electroweak symmetry breaking, dark matter, and the naturalness of the weak scale. Furthermore, we make sharp connections with complementary experiments that are probing new physics effects using electric dipole moments, flavor violation, and gravitational waves. An extensive appendix provides cross section predictions as a function of the center-of-mass energy for many canonical simplified models.
我们为未来的高能μ子对撞机提供了一个全面的物理案例,探索了碰撞能量(从1到100 TeV)和光度的范围。我们强调了这种对撞机相对于提议的替代方案的优势。我们展示了如何利用介子本身的点状性质以及围绕在光束周围的电弱辐射云来模糊能量和精度之间的二分法,以寻找新的物理学。这一物理学案例得到了一系列应用于电弱对称性破缺、暗物质和弱尺度自然性的研究的支持。此外,我们还与利用电偶极矩、风味破坏和引力波探测新的物理效应的互补实验建立了密切的联系。一个广泛的附录提供了许多典型简化模型的作为质心能量函数的横截面预测。
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引用次数: 95
Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications of Spin Hall Nano-Oscillators 自旋霍尔纳米振荡器的非线性动力学及其应用
IF 18.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-12-20 DOI: 10.13725/J.CNKI.PIP.2020.06.003
Liu Rong-hua, Li Li-yuan, Chen Li-na, Zhou Kai-yuan, Du You-wei
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引用次数: 0
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Reports on Progress in Physics
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