Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add9c5
Yunbo Ou, Murod Mirzhalilov, Norbert M Nemes, Jose L Martinez, Mirko Rocci, Alexander Duong, Austin Akey, Alexandre C Foucher, Wenbo Ge, Dhavala Suri, Yiping Wang, Haile Ambaye, Jong Keum, Mohit Randeria, Nandini Trivedi, Kenneth S Burch, David C Bell, Frances M Ross, Weida Wu, Don Heiman, Valeria Lauter, Jagadeesh S Moodera and Hang Chi
Exchange-coupled interfaces are pivotal in exploiting two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism. Due to the extraordinary correlations among charge, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom, layered magnetic transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) bode well for exotic topological phenomena. Here we report the realization of wafer-scale Cr2Te3 down to monolayer (ML) on insulating SrTiO3(111) and/or Al2O3(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Robust ferromagnetism persists in the 2D limit. In particular, the Curie temperature TC of 2 ML Cr2Te3 increases from 100 K to ∼120 K when proximitized to topological insulator (TI) (Bi,Sb)2Te3, with substantially boosted magnetization as observed via polarized neutron reflectometry. Our experiments and theory strongly indicate that the Bloembergen–Rowland interaction is likely universal underlying TC enhancement in TI-coupled magnetic heterostructures. The topological-surface-enhanced magnetism in 2D TMC enables further exchange coupling physics and quantum hybrid studies, including paving the way to realize interface-modulated topological electronics.
交换耦合界面是开发二维（2D）铁磁性的关键。由于电荷、自旋、轨道和晶格自由度之间的特殊相关性，层状磁性过渡金属硫族化合物（TMCs）预示着奇异拓扑现象的出现。本文报道了利用分子束外延技术在SrTiO3（111）和/或Al2O3（001）衬底上实现了晶圆级Cr2Te3的单层（ML）。强健的铁磁性在二维极限中持续存在。特别是，当接近于拓扑绝缘体（TI） （Bi,Sb）2Te3时，2 ML Cr2Te3的居里温度TC从100 K增加到~ 120 K，通过极化中子反射法观察到磁化强度大大提高。我们的实验和理论有力地表明，在ti耦合磁异质结构中，Bloembergen-Rowland相互作用可能是TC增强的普遍基础。二维TMC中的拓扑表面增强磁性使进一步的交换耦合物理和量子混合研究成为可能，包括为实现界面调制拓扑电子学铺平道路。
{"title":"Enhanced ferromagnetism in monolayer Cr2Te3 via topological insulator coupling","authors":"Yunbo Ou, Murod Mirzhalilov, Norbert M Nemes, Jose L Martinez, Mirko Rocci, Alexander Duong, Austin Akey, Alexandre C Foucher, Wenbo Ge, Dhavala Suri, Yiping Wang, Haile Ambaye, Jong Keum, Mohit Randeria, Nandini Trivedi, Kenneth S Burch, David C Bell, Frances M Ross, Weida Wu, Don Heiman, Valeria Lauter, Jagadeesh S Moodera and Hang Chi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add9c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add9c5","url":null,"abstract":"Exchange-coupled interfaces are pivotal in exploiting two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism. Due to the extraordinary correlations among charge, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom, layered magnetic transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) bode well for exotic topological phenomena. Here we report the realization of wafer-scale Cr2Te3 down to monolayer (ML) on insulating SrTiO3(111) and/or Al2O3(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Robust ferromagnetism persists in the 2D limit. In particular, the Curie temperature TC of 2 ML Cr2Te3 increases from 100 K to ∼120 K when proximitized to topological insulator (TI) (Bi,Sb)2Te3, with substantially boosted magnetization as observed via polarized neutron reflectometry. Our experiments and theory strongly indicate that the Bloembergen–Rowland interaction is likely universal underlying TC enhancement in TI-coupled magnetic heterostructures. The topological-surface-enhanced magnetism in 2D TMC enables further exchange coupling physics and quantum hybrid studies, including paving the way to realize interface-modulated topological electronics.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adcd9a
The ATLAS Collaboration
A measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the decay channel is presented. The measurement uses 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and supersedes the previous result in this decay channel using the same dataset. The data analysis is performed using a neural simulation-based inference method, which builds per-event likelihood ratios using neural networks. The observed (expected) off-shell Higgs boson production signal strength in the decay channel at 68% CL is ( ). The evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production using the decay channel has an observed (expected) significance of 2.5σ (1.3σ). The expected result represents a significant improvement relative to that of the previous analysis of the same dataset, which obtained an expected significance of 0.5σ. When combined with the most recent ATLAS measurement in the decay channel, the evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production has an observed (expected) significance of 3.7σ (2.4σ). The off-shell measurements are combined with the measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production to obtain constraints on the Higgs boson total width. The observed (expected) value of the Higgs boson width at 68% CL is ( ) MeV.
{"title":"Measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the H ∗ →...","authors":"The ATLAS Collaboration","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adcd9a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adcd9a","url":null,"abstract":"A measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the decay channel is presented. The measurement uses 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and supersedes the previous result in this decay channel using the same dataset. The data analysis is performed using a neural simulation-based inference method, which builds per-event likelihood ratios using neural networks. The observed (expected) off-shell Higgs boson production signal strength in the decay channel at 68% CL is ( ). The evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production using the decay channel has an observed (expected) significance of 2.5σ (1.3σ). The expected result represents a significant improvement relative to that of the previous analysis of the same dataset, which obtained an expected significance of 0.5σ. When combined with the most recent ATLAS measurement in the decay channel, the evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production has an observed (expected) significance of 3.7σ (2.4σ). The off-shell measurements are combined with the measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production to obtain constraints on the Higgs boson total width. The observed (expected) value of the Higgs boson width at 68% CL is ( ) MeV.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add278
M E Cates and C Nardini
In active systems, whose constituents have non-equilibrium dynamics at local level, fluid-fluid phase separation is widely observed. Examples include the formation of membraneless organelles within cells; the clustering of self-propelled colloidal particles in the absence of attractive forces, and some types of ecological segregation. A schematic understanding of such active phase separation was initially borrowed from what is known for the equilibrium case, in which detailed balance holds at microscopic level. However it has recently become clear that in active systems the absence of detailed balance, although it leave phase separation qualitatively unchanged in some regimes (for example domain growth driven by interfacial tension via Ostwald ripening), can in other regimes radically alter its phenomenology at mechanistic level. For example, microphase separation can be caused by reverse Ostwald ripening, a process that is hard to imagine from an equilibrium perspective. This and other new phenomena arise because, instead of having a single, positive interfacial tension like their equilibrium counterparts, the fluid-fluid interfaces created by active phase separation can have several distinct interfacial tensions governing different properties, some of which can be negative. These phenomena can be broadly understood by studying continuum field theories for a single conserved scalar order parameter (the fluid density), supplemented with a velocity field in cases where momentum conservation is also present. More complex regimes arise in systems described by multiple scalar order parameters (especially with nonreciprocal interactions between these); or when an order parameter undergoes both conserved and non-conserved dynamics (such that the combination breaks detailed balance); or in systems that support orientational long-range order in one or more of the coexisting phases. In this Review, we survey recent progress in understanding the specific role of activity in phase separation, drawing attention to many open questions. We focus primarily on continuum theories, especially those with a single scalar order parameter, reviewing both analytical and numerical work. We compare their predictions with particle-based models, which have mostly been studied numerically although a few have been explicitly coarse-grained to continuum level. We also compare, where possible, with experimental results. In the latter case, qualitative comparisons are broadly encouraging whereas quantitative ones are hindered by the dynamical complexity of most experimental systems relative that of simplified (particle-level or continuum) models of active matter.
{"title":"Active phase separation: new phenomenology from non-equilibrium physics","authors":"M E Cates and C Nardini","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add278","url":null,"abstract":"In active systems, whose constituents have non-equilibrium dynamics at local level, fluid-fluid phase separation is widely observed. Examples include the formation of membraneless organelles within cells; the clustering of self-propelled colloidal particles in the absence of attractive forces, and some types of ecological segregation. A schematic understanding of such active phase separation was initially borrowed from what is known for the equilibrium case, in which detailed balance holds at microscopic level. However it has recently become clear that in active systems the absence of detailed balance, although it leave phase separation qualitatively unchanged in some regimes (for example domain growth driven by interfacial tension via Ostwald ripening), can in other regimes radically alter its phenomenology at mechanistic level. For example, microphase separation can be caused by reverse Ostwald ripening, a process that is hard to imagine from an equilibrium perspective. This and other new phenomena arise because, instead of having a single, positive interfacial tension like their equilibrium counterparts, the fluid-fluid interfaces created by active phase separation can have several distinct interfacial tensions governing different properties, some of which can be negative. These phenomena can be broadly understood by studying continuum field theories for a single conserved scalar order parameter (the fluid density), supplemented with a velocity field in cases where momentum conservation is also present. More complex regimes arise in systems described by multiple scalar order parameters (especially with nonreciprocal interactions between these); or when an order parameter undergoes both conserved and non-conserved dynamics (such that the combination breaks detailed balance); or in systems that support orientational long-range order in one or more of the coexisting phases. In this Review, we survey recent progress in understanding the specific role of activity in phase separation, drawing attention to many open questions. We focus primarily on continuum theories, especially those with a single scalar order parameter, reviewing both analytical and numerical work. We compare their predictions with particle-based models, which have mostly been studied numerically although a few have been explicitly coarse-grained to continuum level. We also compare, where possible, with experimental results. In the latter case, qualitative comparisons are broadly encouraging whereas quantitative ones are hindered by the dynamical complexity of most experimental systems relative that of simplified (particle-level or continuum) models of active matter.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add6d4
Adriana Moreo,Elbio Dagotto,Gonzalo Alvarez,Takami Tohyama,Marcin P Mierzejewski,Jacek Herbrych
We present a comprehensive analysis of the magnetic excitations and electronic properties of {it fully quantum} double-exchange ferromagnets, i.e., systems where ferromagnetic ordering emerges from the competition between spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom, but without the canonical approximation of using classical localized spins. Specifically, we investigate spin excitations within the Kondo lattice-like model, as well as a two-orbital Hubbard Hamiltonian in proximity to the orbital-selective Mott phase. Computational analysis of the magnon dispersion, damping, and spectral weight within these models reveals unexpected phenomena, such as magnon mode softening and the anomalous decoherence of magnetic excitations as observed in earlier experimental efforts, but explained here without the use of the phononic degrees of freedom. We show that these effects are intrinsically linked to incoherent spectral features near the Fermi level, which arise due to the quantum nature of the local (on-site) triplets. This incoherent spectrum leads to a Stoner-like continuum on which spin excitations scatter, governing magnon lifetime and strongly influencing the dynamical spin structure factor. Our study explores the transition from coherent to incoherent magnon spectra by varying the electron density. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the localized spin mitigates decoherence by suppressing the incoherent spectral contributions near the Fermi level. We also discuss the effective $J_1$-$J_2$ spin Hamiltonian, which can accurately describe the large doping region characterized by the magnon-mode softening. Finally, we show that this behavior is also present in multiorbital models with partially filled orbitals, namely, in systems without localized spin moments, provided that the model is in a strong coupling regime. Our results potentially have far-reaching implications for understanding ferromagnetic ordering in various multi-band systems. These findings establish a previously unknown direct connection between the electronic correlations of those materials and spin excitations.
{"title":"Magnon damping and mode softening in quantum double-exchange ferromagnets.","authors":"Adriana Moreo,Elbio Dagotto,Gonzalo Alvarez,Takami Tohyama,Marcin P Mierzejewski,Jacek Herbrych","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add6d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add6d4","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive analysis of the magnetic excitations and electronic properties of {it fully quantum} double-exchange ferromagnets, i.e., systems where ferromagnetic ordering emerges from the competition between spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom, but without the canonical approximation of using classical localized spins. Specifically, we investigate spin excitations within the Kondo lattice-like model, as well as a two-orbital Hubbard Hamiltonian in proximity to the orbital-selective Mott phase. Computational analysis of the magnon dispersion, damping, and spectral weight within these models reveals unexpected phenomena, such as magnon mode softening and the anomalous decoherence of magnetic excitations as observed in earlier experimental efforts, but explained here without the use of the phononic degrees of freedom. We show that these effects are intrinsically linked to incoherent spectral features near the Fermi level, which arise due to the quantum nature of the local (on-site) triplets. This incoherent spectrum leads to a Stoner-like continuum on which spin excitations scatter, governing magnon lifetime and strongly influencing the dynamical spin structure factor. Our study explores the transition from coherent to incoherent magnon spectra by varying the electron density. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the localized spin mitigates decoherence by suppressing the incoherent spectral contributions near the Fermi level. We also discuss the effective $J_1$-$J_2$ spin Hamiltonian, which can accurately describe the large doping region characterized by the magnon-mode softening. Finally, we show that this behavior is also present in multiorbital models with partially filled orbitals, namely, in systems without localized spin moments, provided that the model is in a strong coupling regime. Our results potentially have far-reaching implications for understanding ferromagnetic ordering in various multi-band systems. These findings establish a previously unknown direct connection between the electronic correlations of those materials and spin excitations.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add6b3
Pritam Chattopadhyay,Avijit Misra,Tanmoy Pandit,Goutam Paul
According to the Landauer principle, any logically irreversible process accompanies entropy production which results in heat dissipation in the environment. Erasing of information, one of the primary logically irreversible processes has a lower bound on heat dissipated into the environment, called the Landuaer bound (LB). However, the practical erasure processes dissipate much more heat than the LB. Recently there have been a few experimental investigations to reach this bound both in the classical and quantum domains. There has also been a spate of activities to enquire about this LB in finite time, with finite size heat baths, non-Markovian and nonequilibrium environment in the quantum regime where the effects of fluctuations and correlation of the systems with the bath can no longer be ignored. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the Landauer bound, which serves as a fundamental principle in the thermodynamics of computation. We also provide a perspective for future endeavors in these directions.
Furthermore, we review the recent exploration toward establishing energetic bounds of a computational process. We also review the thermodynamic aspects of error correction which is an indispensable part of information processing and computations. In doing so, we briefly discuss the basics of these fields to provide a complete picture.
.
{"title":"Landauer principle and thermodynamics of computation.","authors":"Pritam Chattopadhyay,Avijit Misra,Tanmoy Pandit,Goutam Paul","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add6b3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add6b3","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Landauer principle, any logically irreversible process accompanies entropy production which results in heat dissipation in the environment. Erasing of information, one of the primary logically irreversible processes has a lower bound on heat dissipated into the environment, called the Landuaer bound (LB). However, the practical erasure processes dissipate much more heat than the LB. Recently there have been a few experimental investigations to reach this bound both in the classical and quantum domains. There has also been a spate of activities to enquire about this LB in finite time, with finite size heat baths, non-Markovian and nonequilibrium environment in the quantum regime where the effects of fluctuations and correlation of the systems with the bath can no longer be ignored. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the Landauer bound, which serves as a fundamental principle in the thermodynamics of computation. We also provide a perspective for future endeavors in these directions.

Furthermore, we review the recent exploration toward establishing energetic bounds of a computational process. We also review the thermodynamic aspects of error correction which is an indispensable part of information processing and computations. In doing so, we briefly discuss the basics of these fields to provide a complete picture.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add1ed
Zhuning Wang,Sijie Pian,Yulei Zhang,Yaoguang Ma
{"title":"Corrigendum: Fundamental concepts, design rules and potentials in radiative cooling (2025Rep. Prog. Phys.88 045901).","authors":"Zhuning Wang,Sijie Pian,Yulei Zhang,Yaoguang Ma","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add1ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add1ed","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add0de
Lukas Pausch, Edoardo G Carnio, Andreas Buchleitner and Alberto Rodríguez
We demonstrate how the initial state of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice controls the emergence of ergodic dynamics as the underlying spectral structure is tuned into the quantum chaotic regime. Distinct initial states’ chaos threshold values in terms of tunneling as compared to interaction strength are identified, as well as dynamical signatures of the chaos transition, on the level of experimentally accessible observables and time scales.
{"title":"How to seed ergodic dynamics of interacting bosons under conditions of many-body quantum chaos","authors":"Lukas Pausch, Edoardo G Carnio, Andreas Buchleitner and Alberto Rodríguez","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add0de","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add0de","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate how the initial state of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice controls the emergence of ergodic dynamics as the underlying spectral structure is tuned into the quantum chaotic regime. Distinct initial states’ chaos threshold values in terms of tunneling as compared to interaction strength are identified, as well as dynamical signatures of the chaos transition, on the level of experimentally accessible observables and time scales.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"96 1","pages":"057602"},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-testing provides a device-independent framework for certifying quantum properties based solely on input-output statistics while treating quantum devices as black boxes. It has evolved significantly from its origins in bipartite systems to applications in multipartite entanglement and, more recently, genuinely entangled subspaces. Notably, It has been revealed that the logical subspaces of numerous stabilizer quantum error correction codes are exclusively composed of genuinely multipartite entangled states, opening new avenues for developing device-independent tools to characterize these subspaces. In this work, we leverage the self-testing technique to certify genuinely entangled logical subspaces within the five-qubit code using both photonic and superconducting platforms. This is achieved by preparing informationally complete logical states, simulating Pauli errors on a physical qubit, and testing several stabilizer-formalized Bell inequalities. Our certification is supported by an extractability measure of at least $0.828pm0.006$ and $0.621pm0.007$ for the photonic and superconducting systems, respectively. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of device-independent certification of general entangled quantum structures in experimental settings, extending beyond quantum states and quantum measurements.
{"title":"Certification of genuinely entangled subspaces of the five qubit code via robust self-testing.","authors":"Yu Guo,Hao Tang,Jiaxuan Zhang,Jiale Miao,Xiao-Min Hu,Wu Yu-Chun,GuoPing Guo,Yun-Feng Huang,Chuan-Feng Li,Guang-Can Guo,Bi-Heng Liu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add560","url":null,"abstract":"Self-testing provides a device-independent framework for certifying quantum properties based solely on input-output statistics while treating quantum devices as black boxes. It has evolved significantly from its origins in bipartite systems to applications in multipartite entanglement and, more recently, genuinely entangled subspaces. Notably, It has been revealed that the logical subspaces of numerous stabilizer quantum error correction codes are exclusively composed of genuinely multipartite entangled states, opening new avenues for developing device-independent tools to characterize these subspaces. In this work, we leverage the self-testing technique to certify genuinely entangled logical subspaces within the five-qubit code using both photonic and superconducting platforms. This is achieved by preparing informationally complete logical states, simulating Pauli errors on a physical qubit, and testing several stabilizer-formalized Bell inequalities. Our certification is supported by an extractability measure of at least $0.828pm0.006$ and $0.621pm0.007$ for the photonic and superconducting systems, respectively. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of device-independent certification of general entangled quantum structures in experimental settings, extending beyond quantum states and quantum measurements.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/add0c5
Yoshinori Tokura, Yukitoshi Motome and Kentaro Ueda
Pyrochlore oxides with chemical formula of O7 exhibit a diverse range of electronic properties as a representative family of quantum materials. These properties mostly stem from strong electron correlations at the transition metal B site and typical geometrical frustration effects on the pyrochlore lattice. Furthermore, the coupling between the magnetic moments of the rare-earth A site and the conduction electrons at the B site, along with the relativistic spin–orbit coupling particularly affecting the 4d/5d electrons at the B site, gives rise to the topological characteristics of the correlated electrons. This review paper focuses on the metal–insulator transitions in pyrochlore oxides as evidence of the strong electron correlation, which is highlighted as a rich source of intriguing charge dynamics coupled with frustrated spin-orbital entangled magnetism.
{"title":"Metal-insulator transitions in pyrochlore oxides","authors":"Yoshinori Tokura, Yukitoshi Motome and Kentaro Ueda","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add0c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/add0c5","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrochlore oxides with chemical formula of O7 exhibit a diverse range of electronic properties as a representative family of quantum materials. These properties mostly stem from strong electron correlations at the transition metal B site and typical geometrical frustration effects on the pyrochlore lattice. Furthermore, the coupling between the magnetic moments of the rare-earth A site and the conduction electrons at the B site, along with the relativistic spin–orbit coupling particularly affecting the 4d/5d electrons at the B site, gives rise to the topological characteristics of the correlated electrons. This review paper focuses on the metal–insulator transitions in pyrochlore oxides as evidence of the strong electron correlation, which is highlighted as a rich source of intriguing charge dynamics coupled with frustrated spin-orbital entangled magnetism.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adc82e
Mikko Partanen, Jukka Tulkki
The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has been challenging due to incompatibilities of the underlying theories—general relativity and quantum field theory. While quantum field theory utilizes compact, finite-dimensional symmetries associated with the internal degrees of freedom of quantum fields, general relativity is based on noncompact, infinite-dimensional external space-time symmetries. The present work aims at deriving the gauge theory of gravity using compact, finite-dimensional symmetries in a way that resembles the formulation of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model. For our eight-spinor representation of the Lagrangian, we define a quantity, called the space-time dimension field, which enables extracting four-dimensional space-time quantities from the eight-dimensional spinors. Four U(1) symmetries of the components of the space-time dimension field are used to derive a gauge theory, called unified gravity. The stress-energy-momentum tensor source term of gravity follows directly from these symmetries. The metric tensor enters in unified gravity through geometric conditions. We show how the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity in the Weitzenböck gauge is obtained from unified gravity by a gravity-gauge-field-dependent geometric condition. Unified gravity also enables a gravity-gauge-field-independent geometric condition that leads to an exact description of gravity in the Minkowski metric. This differs from the use of metric in general relativity, where the metric depends on the gravitational field by definition. Based on the Minkowski metric, unified gravity allows us to describe gravity within a single coherent mathematical framework together with the quantum fields of all fundamental interactions of the Standard Model. We present the Feynman rules for unified gravity and study the renormalizability and radiative corrections of the theory at one-loop order. The equivalence principle is formulated by requiring that the renormalized values of the inertial and gravitational masses are equal. In contrast to previous gauge theories of gravity, all infinities that are encountered in the calculations of loop diagrams can be absorbed by the redefinition of the small number of parameters of the theory in the same way as in the gauge theories of the Standard Model. This result and our observation that unified gravity fulfills the Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) symmetry and its coupling constant is dimensionless suggest that unified gravity can provide the basis for a complete, renormalizable theory of quantum gravity.
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