Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adfe17
A search for emerging jets is presented using 51.8 fb-1of proton-proton collision data ats=13.6TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment during 2022 and 2023. The search explores a hypothetical dark sector featuring 'dark quarks' that are charged under a confining gauge group and couple to the standard model (SM) via a new mediator particle. These dark quarks undergo showering and hadronisation within the dark sector, forming long-lived dark mesons that decay back into SM particles. This results in jets that contain multiple displaced vertices known as emerging jets. The analysis targets events with pairs of emerging jets, produced either through a vector mediator,Z', in thes-channel, or a scalar mediator, Φ, in thet-channel. No significant excess over the SM background is observed. Assuming a dark pion proper decay length between 5 mm and 50 mm,Z' mediator masses between 600 GeV and 2550 GeV are excluded for quark and dark quark coupling values of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. For a quark dark-quark coupling of 0.1, Φ mediator masses between 600 GeV and 1375 GeV are excluded. These results represent the first direct search targeting emerging jet pair production via aZ' mediator, as well as the first study of emerging jet production mediated by a scalar particle exchanged in thet-channel.
{"title":"Search for emerging jets inppcollisions ats=13.6TeV with the ATLAS experiment.","authors":"","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adfe17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adfe17","url":null,"abstract":"A search for emerging jets is presented using 51.8 fb-1of proton-proton collision data ats=13.6TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment during 2022 and 2023. The search explores a hypothetical dark sector featuring 'dark quarks' that are charged under a confining gauge group and couple to the standard model (SM) via a new mediator particle. These dark quarks undergo showering and hadronisation within the dark sector, forming long-lived dark mesons that decay back into SM particles. This results in jets that contain multiple displaced vertices known as emerging jets. The analysis targets events with pairs of emerging jets, produced either through a vector mediator,Z', in thes-channel, or a scalar mediator, Φ, in thet-channel. No significant excess over the SM background is observed. Assuming a dark pion proper decay length between 5 mm and 50 mm,Z' mediator masses between 600 GeV and 2550 GeV are excluded for quark and dark quark coupling values of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. For a quark dark-quark coupling of 0.1, Φ mediator masses between 600 GeV and 1375 GeV are excluded. These results represent the first direct search targeting emerging jet pair production via aZ' mediator, as well as the first study of emerging jet production mediated by a scalar particle exchanged in thet-channel.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2009, magnetic skyrmions have been identified in diverse materials, attracting interest for their small size, intriguing emergent physics and new device concepts. Over the years, the interplay between deformation and dynamics has been an important topic of the dynamics of magnetic textures, with well-known phenomena like Döring mass, domain wall Walker breakdown and vortex oscillations. This topic is being extended to magnetic skyrmions and is critical for their practical applications. While topological invariance is preserved under continuous deformation, magnetic skyrmions display rich and complex deformation modes, including variations in size, shape, and helicity, which significantly impact their dynamics. These deformations challenge both theoretical and experimental efforts but offer opportunities for "deformation engineering" strategies aimed at optimizing device performance and discovering new functionalities. In this review, we summarize the recent research progresses on magnetic skyrmion dynamics under steady and time-varying deformation. It begins with an introduction on the basic concepts of magnetic skyrmions and analytical descriptions of skyrmion deformation. Subsequently, theoretical and experimental methods for study of magnetic skyrmion dynamics under deformation are introduced. The characteristics and influencing factors of various deformation modes (including steady and time-varying modes) of magnetic skyrmions are discussed. Finally, we discuss the device applications and open questions related to magnetic skyrmions beyond rigid particles.
{"title":"Dynamics of magnetic skyrmions under steady and time-varying deformation.","authors":"Linjie Liu,Fei Sun,Jianhua Ren,Weijin Chen,Yue Zheng","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adf8fe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adf8fe","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2009, magnetic skyrmions have been identified in diverse materials, attracting interest for their small size, intriguing emergent physics and new device concepts. Over the years, the interplay between deformation and dynamics has been an important topic of the dynamics of magnetic textures, with well-known phenomena like Döring mass, domain wall Walker breakdown and vortex oscillations. This topic is being extended to magnetic skyrmions and is critical for their practical applications. While topological invariance is preserved under continuous deformation, magnetic skyrmions display rich and complex deformation modes, including variations in size, shape, and helicity, which significantly impact their dynamics. These deformations challenge both theoretical and experimental efforts but offer opportunities for \"deformation engineering\" strategies aimed at optimizing device performance and discovering new functionalities. In this review, we summarize the recent research progresses on magnetic skyrmion dynamics under steady and time-varying deformation. It begins with an introduction on the basic concepts of magnetic skyrmions and analytical descriptions of skyrmion deformation. Subsequently, theoretical and experimental methods for study of magnetic skyrmion dynamics under deformation are introduced. The characteristics and influencing factors of various deformation modes (including steady and time-varying modes) of magnetic skyrmions are discussed. Finally, we discuss the device applications and open questions related to magnetic skyrmions beyond rigid particles.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adf7ba
Ashish Kalkal,Amit K Yadav,Damini Verma,Abhishek Sehgal,Gopinath Packirisamy,Dhiraj Bhatia
Over the past four decades, additive manufacturing (AM), particularly 3D printing, has emerged as a disruptive force in chemical and biosensing technologies, revolutionizing prototyping and production across laboratories and industries. Recent advancements in 3D printing techniques and materials have accelerated the development of novel sensors for diverse applications, offering unparalleled advantages such as rapid prototyping, customization, and cost efficiency. Unlike traditional fabrication methods, 3D printing creates intricate, high-precision structures while reducing multi-step processes, making it ideal for biosensor development. Its interdisciplinary potential spans physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, positioning it as a transformative tool in biomedical applications, particularly for biosensing. Despite its promise, challenges such as limited multi-material integration, standardization hurdles, resolution constraints, biocompatibility concerns, and scalability issues persist. Addressing these gaps through interdisciplinary collaboration could unlock the full potential of AM-enabled sensing devices. This review critically evaluates the evolution and latest progress in AM technologies, including fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, and inkjet printing for designing sensitive, customizable, and affordable biosensors. Additionally, this article explores recent innovations in 3D-printed chemical and biological sensors, analyzing their performance in detecting various analytes. A comprehensive summary of cutting-edge developments is provided, alongside an examination of future directions for refining and inventing 3D printing techniques in biosensor fabrication. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and opportunities in 3D-printed sensing devices, emphasizing the need for material optimization, improved printing resolution, and enhanced device functionality. By overcoming these barriers, 3D printing can serve as a cornerstone for next-generation diagnostic platforms, driving innovation in chemical and biosensing technologies. This review underscores AM's transformative role as a catalyst for future breakthroughs in the field.
{"title":"Harnessing the potential of emerging additive manufacturing technologies as a game-changer for chemical and biosensing innovations.","authors":"Ashish Kalkal,Amit K Yadav,Damini Verma,Abhishek Sehgal,Gopinath Packirisamy,Dhiraj Bhatia","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adf7ba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adf7ba","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past four decades, additive manufacturing (AM), particularly 3D printing, has emerged as a disruptive force in chemical and biosensing technologies, revolutionizing prototyping and production across laboratories and industries. Recent advancements in 3D printing techniques and materials have accelerated the development of novel sensors for diverse applications, offering unparalleled advantages such as rapid prototyping, customization, and cost efficiency. Unlike traditional fabrication methods, 3D printing creates intricate, high-precision structures while reducing multi-step processes, making it ideal for biosensor development. Its interdisciplinary potential spans physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, positioning it as a transformative tool in biomedical applications, particularly for biosensing. Despite its promise, challenges such as limited multi-material integration, standardization hurdles, resolution constraints, biocompatibility concerns, and scalability issues persist. Addressing these gaps through interdisciplinary collaboration could unlock the full potential of AM-enabled sensing devices. This review critically evaluates the evolution and latest progress in AM technologies, including fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, and inkjet printing for designing sensitive, customizable, and affordable biosensors. Additionally, this article explores recent innovations in 3D-printed chemical and biological sensors, analyzing their performance in detecting various analytes. A comprehensive summary of cutting-edge developments is provided, alongside an examination of future directions for refining and inventing 3D printing techniques in biosensor fabrication. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and opportunities in 3D-printed sensing devices, emphasizing the need for material optimization, improved printing resolution, and enhanced device functionality. By overcoming these barriers, 3D printing can serve as a cornerstone for next-generation diagnostic platforms, driving innovation in chemical and biosensing technologies. This review underscores AM's transformative role as a catalyst for future breakthroughs in the field.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adefef
Dawei Zhai,Hongyi Yu,Wang Yao
The moiré superlattices formed by stacking 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with twisting angle or lattice mismatch have provided a versatile platform with unprecedented tunability for exploring many frontier topics in condensed matter physics, including optical, topological and correlation phenomena. This field of study advances rapidly and a plethora of exciting experimental and theoretical progresses have been achieved recently. This review aims to provide an overview of the fundamental properties of TMDs moiré superlattices, as well as highlight some of the major breakthroughs in this captivating field.
.
{"title":"Twistronics and moiré superlattice physics in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.","authors":"Dawei Zhai,Hongyi Yu,Wang Yao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adefef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adefef","url":null,"abstract":"The moiré superlattices formed by stacking 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with twisting angle or lattice mismatch have provided a versatile platform with unprecedented tunability for exploring many frontier topics in condensed matter physics, including optical, topological and correlation phenomena. This field of study advances rapidly and a plethora of exciting experimental and theoretical progresses have been achieved recently. This review aims to provide an overview of the fundamental properties of TMDs moiré superlattices, as well as highlight some of the major breakthroughs in this captivating field.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adef66
Xiaoqian Zhang,Peng Li,Guang Bian
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of fascinating magnetic properties, making them highly attractive for spintronic applications such as high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. Recently, chromium tellurides (CrTeₓ) have attracted significant attention due to their metallic band structure, strong magnetic anisotropy, and tunable exchange couplings. The unique tunability of magnetic properties in a metallic ground state makes CrTex a promising platform for generating, controlling, and manipulating spin currents. This review summarizes recent advances in large-scale 2D magnetic CrTeₓ epitaxial thin films, emphasizing synthesis techniques that produce high-quality, large-area films. It explores the role of self-intercalation and heterostructure engineering in tailoring the magnetic and structural properties of these materials. We also review the band structure, magnetic characteristics, and spin dynamics of CrTeₓ, with a particular emphasis on thickness-dependent band dispersion, magnetic anisotropy, and the emergence of skyrmions. Moreover, this review highlights the applications of CrTeₓ in spintronics, covering the anomalous Hall effect, topological Hall effect, spin valves, and spin-orbit torque devices. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of intriguing properties of CrTex compounds and to inspire further innovative studies on vast potential of 2D magnetic materials for next-generation spintronic and quantum devices.
{"title":"Advances in 2D magnetic chromium tellurides: synthesis, characterization, and spintronic applications.","authors":"Xiaoqian Zhang,Peng Li,Guang Bian","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adef66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adef66","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of fascinating magnetic properties, making them highly attractive for spintronic applications such as high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. Recently, chromium tellurides (CrTeₓ) have attracted significant attention due to their metallic band structure, strong magnetic anisotropy, and tunable exchange couplings. The unique tunability of magnetic properties in a metallic ground state makes CrTex a promising platform for generating, controlling, and manipulating spin currents. This review summarizes recent advances in large-scale 2D magnetic CrTeₓ epitaxial thin films, emphasizing synthesis techniques that produce high-quality, large-area films. It explores the role of self-intercalation and heterostructure engineering in tailoring the magnetic and structural properties of these materials. We also review the band structure, magnetic characteristics, and spin dynamics of CrTeₓ, with a particular emphasis on thickness-dependent band dispersion, magnetic anisotropy, and the emergence of skyrmions. Moreover, this review highlights the applications of CrTeₓ in spintronics, covering the anomalous Hall effect, topological Hall effect, spin valves, and spin-orbit torque devices. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of intriguing properties of CrTex compounds and to inspire further innovative studies on vast potential of 2D magnetic materials for next-generation spintronic and quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MicroRNA (miRNA) in aqueous humor holds significant promise as a non-invasive biomarker for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), enabling early diagnosis and prognosis. However, current methods for miRNA detection often suffer from limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. This study introduces a novel black phosphorus-enhanced fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor (BP-FOSPR) integrated with a CRISPR-Cas13a system for ultrasensitive and single-base-specific detection of
PCNSL-associated miRNA in aqueous humor. The BP nano-interface significantly enhances the surface plasmon resonance signal, while the CRISPR-Cas13a technology enables highly specific detection of miRNA, down to single nucleotide mismatches. This system achieves a detection limit as low as 21aM without the need for amplification and demonstrates robust performance in clinical samples. With its unparalleled sensitivity, specificity, label-free operation, and potential for portability, this biosensing platform offers transformative capabilities for early PCNSL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring using minimally invasive liquid biopsy.
.
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive detection of microRNA in intraocular fluid using optical fiber sensing technology for central nervous system lymphoma diagnosis.","authors":"Yanqi Ge,Wenchen Zheng,Zhaoliang Hou,Yule Zhang,Bowen Du,Songrui Wei,Xueyan Liu,Zhi Chen,Han Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adee44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adee44","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNA (miRNA) in aqueous humor holds significant promise as a non-invasive biomarker for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), enabling early diagnosis and prognosis. However, current methods for miRNA detection often suffer from limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. This study introduces a novel black phosphorus-enhanced fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor (BP-FOSPR) integrated with a CRISPR-Cas13a system for ultrasensitive and single-base-specific detection of
PCNSL-associated miRNA in aqueous humor. The BP nano-interface significantly enhances the surface plasmon resonance signal, while the CRISPR-Cas13a technology enables highly specific detection of miRNA, down to single nucleotide mismatches. This system achieves a detection limit as low as 21aM without the need for amplification and demonstrates robust performance in clinical samples. With its unparalleled sensitivity, specificity, label-free operation, and potential for portability, this biosensing platform offers transformative capabilities for early PCNSL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring using minimally invasive liquid biopsy.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adedb1
Per Söderlind,Alexander Landa,Lorin Benedict,Nir Goldman,R Q Hood,K E Kweon,E E Moore,Aurelien Perron,Babak Sadigh,Christine J Wu,Lin H Yang
We present an ab initio free energy model derived from a fully relativistic density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure with dynamic magnetism for δ-plutonium (face-centered cubic, fcc). The DFT model is extended with orbital-orbital interaction in a parameter free orbital polarization (OP) mechanism consistent with previous modeling of plutonium. Gibbs free energy is built from components associated with the temperature dependence of the electronic structure and the corresponding electronic entropy, lattice vibrations within an anharmonic lattice dynamics model, and dynamical fluctuations of the magnetization density, i.e., magnetic fluctuations. The fluctuation model consists of transverse and longitudinal modes driven by temperature induced excitations of the DFT+OP electronic structure. The ab initio model thus incorporates fluctuating states beyond the electronic ground state. Thanks to the dynamic magnetism, the theory predicts excellent thermodynamic properties and a Gibbs free energy in accord with CALPHAD and semi-empirical modeling developed from the thermodynamic observables. The magnetic fluctuations further explain anomalous behaviors of the thermal expansion in plutonium. Specifically, a thermal expansion for the δ-plutonium system turning from positive to negative at temperatures above room temperature, a tendency for gallium to reduce and remove the negative thermal expansion depending on composition, and a positive thermal expansion for the high temperature ε phase.
{"title":"εεFirst principles free energy model with dynamic magnetism for δ-plutonium.","authors":"Per Söderlind,Alexander Landa,Lorin Benedict,Nir Goldman,R Q Hood,K E Kweon,E E Moore,Aurelien Perron,Babak Sadigh,Christine J Wu,Lin H Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adedb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adedb1","url":null,"abstract":"We present an ab initio free energy model derived from a fully relativistic density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure with dynamic magnetism for δ-plutonium (face-centered cubic, fcc). The DFT model is extended with orbital-orbital interaction in a parameter free orbital polarization (OP) mechanism consistent with previous modeling of plutonium. Gibbs free energy is built from components associated with the temperature dependence of the electronic structure and the corresponding electronic entropy, lattice vibrations within an anharmonic lattice dynamics model, and dynamical fluctuations of the magnetization density, i.e., magnetic fluctuations. The fluctuation model consists of transverse and longitudinal modes driven by temperature induced excitations of the DFT+OP electronic structure. The ab initio model thus incorporates fluctuating states beyond the electronic ground state. Thanks to the dynamic magnetism, the theory predicts excellent thermodynamic properties and a Gibbs free energy in accord with CALPHAD and semi-empirical modeling developed from the thermodynamic observables. The magnetic fluctuations further explain anomalous behaviors of the thermal expansion in plutonium. Specifically, a thermal expansion for the δ-plutonium system turning from positive to negative at temperatures above room temperature, a tendency for gallium to reduce and remove the negative thermal expansion depending on composition, and a positive thermal expansion for the high temperature ε phase.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adecb1
Tianyu Zhao,Jingxiang Zhang,Mengrui Wang,Manming Shu,Xiangda Fu,Jiajing Yan,Yansheng Liang,Shaowei Wang,Ming Lei
Due to its low light dose, ultra-high imaging speed and super-resolution, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is now widely used in various applications to study dynamic interactions between intracellular structures of living cells. However, real-time imaging remains challenging due to the limitations of existing reconstruction algorithms, such as spatial frequency domain conversion, iterative parameter estimation, and complex deconvolution. To achieve "what you see is what you get", the reconstruction algorithm of SIM needs to be improved. Here, we first briefly introduce the principle of super-resolution microscopy and SIM. Then, we comparatively review the algorithms for reconstructing super-resolution images in SR-SIM and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm. To achieve real-time reconstruction, we propose a joint space and frequency reconstruction (JSFR) framework. Based on the JSFR framework, we realize a high image reconstruction speed and demonstrate its capability in real-time artifact reduction super-resolution imaging for 2D-SIM, 3D-SIM, and nonlinear SIM. Finally, we explore the prospects of the proposed technique by discussing its potential applications as a data platform for deep learning and live cell observation.
.
{"title":"Real-time super-resolution structured illumination microscopy: current progress in joint space and frequency reconstruction.","authors":"Tianyu Zhao,Jingxiang Zhang,Mengrui Wang,Manming Shu,Xiangda Fu,Jiajing Yan,Yansheng Liang,Shaowei Wang,Ming Lei","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adecb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adecb1","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its low light dose, ultra-high imaging speed and super-resolution, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is now widely used in various applications to study dynamic interactions between intracellular structures of living cells. However, real-time imaging remains challenging due to the limitations of existing reconstruction algorithms, such as spatial frequency domain conversion, iterative parameter estimation, and complex deconvolution. To achieve \"what you see is what you get\", the reconstruction algorithm of SIM needs to be improved. Here, we first briefly introduce the principle of super-resolution microscopy and SIM. Then, we comparatively review the algorithms for reconstructing super-resolution images in SR-SIM and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm. To achieve real-time reconstruction, we propose a joint space and frequency reconstruction (JSFR) framework. Based on the JSFR framework, we realize a high image reconstruction speed and demonstrate its capability in real-time artifact reduction super-resolution imaging for 2D-SIM, 3D-SIM, and nonlinear SIM. Finally, we explore the prospects of the proposed technique by discussing its potential applications as a data platform for deep learning and live cell observation.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ade625
Xiuyang Xia, Yuhan Peng, Ka Ki Li and Ran Ni
To unlock the potential for assembling complex colloidal ‘molecules’, we investigate a minimal binary system of programmable colloidal atom-electron equivalents (PAE-EE), where electron equivalents (EEs) are multivalent linkers with two distinct types of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends complementary to those ssDNAs on binary programmable atom equivalents (PAEs). We derive a statistical mechanical framework for calculating the effective interaction between PAEs mediated by EEs with arbitrary valency, which quantitatively agrees with simulations using explicit EEs. Our analysis reveals an anomalous dependence of PAE-PAE interactions on the EE valency, showing that EE-mediated interactions converge at the large valency limit. Moreover, we identify an optimal EE valency that maximizes the interaction difference between targeted and non-targeted binding pairs of PAEs. These findings offer design principles for targeted self-assembly in PAE-EE systems.
{"title":"Designed self-assembly of programmable colloidal atom-electron equivalents","authors":"Xiuyang Xia, Yuhan Peng, Ka Ki Li and Ran Ni","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ade625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ade625","url":null,"abstract":"To unlock the potential for assembling complex colloidal ‘molecules’, we investigate a minimal binary system of programmable colloidal atom-electron equivalents (PAE-EE), where electron equivalents (EEs) are multivalent linkers with two distinct types of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends complementary to those ssDNAs on binary programmable atom equivalents (PAEs). We derive a statistical mechanical framework for calculating the effective interaction between PAEs mediated by EEs with arbitrary valency, which quantitatively agrees with simulations using explicit EEs. Our analysis reveals an anomalous dependence of PAE-PAE interactions on the EE valency, showing that EE-mediated interactions converge at the large valency limit. Moreover, we identify an optimal EE valency that maximizes the interaction difference between targeted and non-targeted binding pairs of PAEs. These findings offer design principles for targeted self-assembly in PAE-EE systems.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/addf5f
J G Tobin and M F Beaux
The quantitative determination of the 5f population in α-Pu and δ-Pu is reconsidered in detail. Trends across the 5f series are discussed, including atomic sizes, 5f populations and computational modeling. A recently developed and novel approach, based upon a thermodynamical evaluation of entropies, is presented. Finally, a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the original Pu N4,5 and O4,5 x-ray absorption spectroscopy has been performed, including the correction of a fundamental flaw in the Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) measurements. Thus, the determination of the 5 f occupation (n) in elemental Pu has been re-evaluated with the result that n = 5.0 ± 0.1 for αPu and n = 4.9 ± 0.2 for δPu. These values are significantly lower than the value of ∼5½ that was propagated earlier.
{"title":"Pu 5f population: the case for n = 5.0","authors":"J G Tobin and M F Beaux","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/addf5f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/addf5f","url":null,"abstract":"The quantitative determination of the 5f population in α-Pu and δ-Pu is reconsidered in detail. Trends across the 5f series are discussed, including atomic sizes, 5f populations and computational modeling. A recently developed and novel approach, based upon a thermodynamical evaluation of entropies, is presented. Finally, a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the original Pu N4,5 and O4,5 x-ray absorption spectroscopy has been performed, including the correction of a fundamental flaw in the Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) measurements. Thus, the determination of the 5 f occupation (n) in elemental Pu has been re-evaluated with the result that n = 5.0 ± 0.1 for αPu and n = 4.9 ± 0.2 for δPu. These values are significantly lower than the value of ∼5½ that was propagated earlier.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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