The interplay between the fractional quantum Hall effect and nematicity is intriguing as it links emerging topological order and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Anisotropic fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) have indeed been reported in GaAs quantum wells but only in tilted magnetic fields, where the in-plane field explicitly breaks the rotational symmetry. Here we report the observation of FQHSs with highly anisotropic longitudinal resistances in purely perpendicular magnetic fields at even-denominator Landau level fillings ν = 5/2 and 7/2 in ultrahigh-quality GaAs twodimensional hole systems. The coexistence of FQHSs and spontaneous symmetry breaking at half fillings signals the emergence of nematic FQHSs which also likely harbor non-Abelian quasiparticle excitations. By gate tuning the hole density, we observe a phase transition from an anisotropic, developing FQHS to an isotropic composite fermion Fermi sea at ν = 7/2. Our calculations suggest that the mixed orbital components in the partially occupied Landau level play a key role in the competition and interplay between topological and nematic orders.
{"title":"Even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states with spontaneously broken rotational symmetry.","authors":"Chengyu Wang,Adbhut Gupta,Siddharth Singh,Chia-Tse Tai,Loren Pfeiffer,Kirk Baldwin,Roland Winkler,Mansour Shayegan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae0a7f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae0a7f","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay between the fractional quantum Hall effect and nematicity is intriguing as it links emerging topological order and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Anisotropic fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) have indeed been reported in GaAs quantum wells but only in tilted magnetic fields, where the in-plane field explicitly breaks the rotational symmetry. Here we report the observation of FQHSs with highly anisotropic longitudinal resistances in purely perpendicular magnetic fields at even-denominator Landau level fillings ν = 5/2 and 7/2 in ultrahigh-quality GaAs twodimensional hole systems. The coexistence of FQHSs and spontaneous symmetry breaking at half fillings signals the emergence of nematic FQHSs which also likely harbor non-Abelian quasiparticle excitations. By gate tuning the hole density, we observe a phase transition from an anisotropic, developing FQHS to an isotropic composite fermion Fermi sea at ν = 7/2. Our calculations suggest that the mixed orbital components in the partially occupied Landau level play a key role in the competition and interplay between topological and nematic orders.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ae082c
Purba Mukherjee,Anjan A Sen
We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic distances using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework as well as knot-based spline techniques with DESI-DR2 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed cosmic distances and their derivatives, we obtain seven characteristic redshifts in the range $0.3 leq z leq 1.7$. We derive the normalized expansion rate of the Universe $E(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal a significant deviations of approximately $4$ to 5$sigma$ from the Planck 2018 $Lambda$CDM predictions, particularly pronounced in the redshift range $z sim 0.35$-0.55. These anomalies are consistently observed across both reconstruction methods and combined datasets, indicating robust late-time tensions in the expansion rate of the Universe and which are distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension''. This could signal new physics beyond the standard cosmological framework at this redshift range. Our findings underscore the role of characteristic redshifts as sensitive indicators of expansion rate anomalies and motivate further scrutiny with forthcoming datasets from DESI-5YR BAO, Euclid, and LSST. These future surveys will tighten constraints and will confirm whether these late-time anomalies arise from new fundamental physics or unresolved systematics in the data.
{"title":"New expansion rate anomalies at characteristic redshifts geometrically determined using DESI-DR2 BAO and DES-SN5YR observations.","authors":"Purba Mukherjee,Anjan A Sen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae082c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae082c","url":null,"abstract":"We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic distances using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework as well as knot-based spline techniques with DESI-DR2 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed cosmic distances and their derivatives, we obtain seven characteristic redshifts in the range $0.3 leq z leq 1.7$. We derive the normalized expansion rate of the Universe $E(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal a significant deviations of approximately $4$ to 5$sigma$ from the Planck 2018 $Lambda$CDM predictions, particularly pronounced in the redshift range $z sim 0.35$-0.55. These anomalies are consistently observed across both reconstruction methods and combined datasets, indicating robust late-time tensions in the expansion rate of the Universe and which are distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension''. This could signal new physics beyond the standard cosmological framework at this redshift range. Our findings underscore the role of characteristic redshifts as sensitive indicators of expansion rate anomalies and motivate further scrutiny with forthcoming datasets from DESI-5YR BAO, Euclid, and LSST. These future surveys will tighten constraints and will confirm whether these late-time anomalies arise from new fundamental physics or unresolved systematics in the data.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"636 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface plasmonics studies the collective oscillations of electrons in materials following excitation by light and related evanescent wave properties under near-field coupling. Due to the advantages of near-field enhancement, wavelength tunability, and overcoming the band gap limitation on the absorption wavelength, surface plasmonics is considered promising for broad developments in optoelectronics. Over the past decade, surface plasmon phenomena have been used in various technologies, for example photodetectors. This review discusses the physical models, role of waveguides, carrier dynamics and energy transfer modes of plasmons, particularly the structure and working principle of state-of-the-art plasmon photodetectors, with the aim of delving into the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we summarize recent developments in simulation techniques and detection methods in plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering. Finally, we present the latest progress, future prospects and remaining challenges associated with plasmon enhanced photodetection.
{"title":"Plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering: basic principle, design strategies and challenges.","authors":"Yuge Feng,Kun Chao,Keming Wu,Sitong Yuan,Ajit Khosla,Rusen Yang,Federico Rosei,Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae07fc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae07fc","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmonics studies the collective oscillations of electrons in materials following excitation by light and related evanescent wave properties under near-field coupling. Due to the advantages of near-field enhancement, wavelength tunability, and overcoming the band gap limitation on the absorption wavelength, surface plasmonics is considered promising for broad developments in optoelectronics. Over the past decade, surface plasmon phenomena have been used in various technologies, for example photodetectors. This review discusses the physical models, role of waveguides, carrier dynamics and energy transfer modes of plasmons, particularly the structure and working principle of state-of-the-art plasmon photodetectors, with the aim of delving into the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we summarize recent developments in simulation techniques and detection methods in plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering. Finally, we present the latest progress, future prospects and remaining challenges associated with plasmon enhanced photodetection.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topological defects are fundamental to the collective dynamics of non-equilibrium systems and in active matter, mediating spontaneous flows, dynamic self-organization, and emergent pattern formation.
Here, we reveal critical states in active nematics, marked by slowed defect density relaxation, amplified fluctuations, and heightened sensitivity to activity. Near criticality, defect interactions become long-ranged, scaling with system size, and the system enters an anti-hyperuniform regime with giant number fluctuations of topological defects and defect clustering. This transition reflects a dual scaling behavior: fluctuations are uniform at small scales but become anti-hyperuniform at larger scales, as supported by experimental measurements on large-field-of-view endothelial monolayers. We find that these anti-hyperuniform states with multiscale defect density fluctuations are robust to varying parameters, introducing frictional damping, and changing boundary conditions. Finally, we show that the observed anti-hyperuniformity originates from defect clustering, distinguishing this transition from defect-unbinding or phase separation processes. Beyond fundamental implications for non-equilibrium systems, these results may inform biological contexts where topological defects are integral to processes such as morphogenesis and collective cellular self-organization.
{"title":"Anti-hyperuniform critical states of active topological defects.","authors":"Simon Guldager Andersen,Tianxiang Ma,Makito Fredskild Katsume,Kexin Li,Xiao Liu,Martin Cramer Pedersen,Amin Doostmohammadi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ae075e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ae075e","url":null,"abstract":"Topological defects are fundamental to the collective dynamics of non-equilibrium systems and in active matter, mediating spontaneous flows, dynamic self-organization, and emergent pattern formation.
Here, we reveal critical states in active nematics, marked by slowed defect density relaxation, amplified fluctuations, and heightened sensitivity to activity. Near criticality, defect interactions become long-ranged, scaling with system size, and the system enters an anti-hyperuniform regime with giant number fluctuations of topological defects and defect clustering. This transition reflects a dual scaling behavior: fluctuations are uniform at small scales but become anti-hyperuniform at larger scales, as supported by experimental measurements on large-field-of-view endothelial monolayers. We find that these anti-hyperuniform states with multiscale defect density fluctuations are robust to varying parameters, introducing frictional damping, and changing boundary conditions. Finally, we show that the observed anti-hyperuniformity originates from defect clustering, distinguishing this transition from defect-unbinding or phase separation processes. Beyond fundamental implications for non-equilibrium systems, these results may inform biological contexts where topological defects are integral to processes such as morphogenesis and collective cellular self-organization.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adfe17
A search for emerging jets is presented using 51.8 fb-1of proton-proton collision data ats=13.6TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment during 2022 and 2023. The search explores a hypothetical dark sector featuring 'dark quarks' that are charged under a confining gauge group and couple to the standard model (SM) via a new mediator particle. These dark quarks undergo showering and hadronisation within the dark sector, forming long-lived dark mesons that decay back into SM particles. This results in jets that contain multiple displaced vertices known as emerging jets. The analysis targets events with pairs of emerging jets, produced either through a vector mediator,Z', in thes-channel, or a scalar mediator, Φ, in thet-channel. No significant excess over the SM background is observed. Assuming a dark pion proper decay length between 5 mm and 50 mm,Z' mediator masses between 600 GeV and 2550 GeV are excluded for quark and dark quark coupling values of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. For a quark dark-quark coupling of 0.1, Φ mediator masses between 600 GeV and 1375 GeV are excluded. These results represent the first direct search targeting emerging jet pair production via aZ' mediator, as well as the first study of emerging jet production mediated by a scalar particle exchanged in thet-channel.
{"title":"Search for emerging jets inppcollisions ats=13.6TeV with the ATLAS experiment.","authors":"","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adfe17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adfe17","url":null,"abstract":"A search for emerging jets is presented using 51.8 fb-1of proton-proton collision data ats=13.6TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment during 2022 and 2023. The search explores a hypothetical dark sector featuring 'dark quarks' that are charged under a confining gauge group and couple to the standard model (SM) via a new mediator particle. These dark quarks undergo showering and hadronisation within the dark sector, forming long-lived dark mesons that decay back into SM particles. This results in jets that contain multiple displaced vertices known as emerging jets. The analysis targets events with pairs of emerging jets, produced either through a vector mediator,Z', in thes-channel, or a scalar mediator, Φ, in thet-channel. No significant excess over the SM background is observed. Assuming a dark pion proper decay length between 5 mm and 50 mm,Z' mediator masses between 600 GeV and 2550 GeV are excluded for quark and dark quark coupling values of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. For a quark dark-quark coupling of 0.1, Φ mediator masses between 600 GeV and 1375 GeV are excluded. These results represent the first direct search targeting emerging jet pair production via aZ' mediator, as well as the first study of emerging jet production mediated by a scalar particle exchanged in thet-channel.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2009, magnetic skyrmions have been identified in diverse materials, attracting interest for their small size, intriguing emergent physics and new device concepts. Over the years, the interplay between deformation and dynamics has been an important topic of the dynamics of magnetic textures, with well-known phenomena like Döring mass, domain wall Walker breakdown and vortex oscillations. This topic is being extended to magnetic skyrmions and is critical for their practical applications. While topological invariance is preserved under continuous deformation, magnetic skyrmions display rich and complex deformation modes, including variations in size, shape, and helicity, which significantly impact their dynamics. These deformations challenge both theoretical and experimental efforts but offer opportunities for "deformation engineering" strategies aimed at optimizing device performance and discovering new functionalities. In this review, we summarize the recent research progresses on magnetic skyrmion dynamics under steady and time-varying deformation. It begins with an introduction on the basic concepts of magnetic skyrmions and analytical descriptions of skyrmion deformation. Subsequently, theoretical and experimental methods for study of magnetic skyrmion dynamics under deformation are introduced. The characteristics and influencing factors of various deformation modes (including steady and time-varying modes) of magnetic skyrmions are discussed. Finally, we discuss the device applications and open questions related to magnetic skyrmions beyond rigid particles.
{"title":"Dynamics of magnetic skyrmions under steady and time-varying deformation.","authors":"Linjie Liu,Fei Sun,Jianhua Ren,Weijin Chen,Yue Zheng","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adf8fe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adf8fe","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2009, magnetic skyrmions have been identified in diverse materials, attracting interest for their small size, intriguing emergent physics and new device concepts. Over the years, the interplay between deformation and dynamics has been an important topic of the dynamics of magnetic textures, with well-known phenomena like Döring mass, domain wall Walker breakdown and vortex oscillations. This topic is being extended to magnetic skyrmions and is critical for their practical applications. While topological invariance is preserved under continuous deformation, magnetic skyrmions display rich and complex deformation modes, including variations in size, shape, and helicity, which significantly impact their dynamics. These deformations challenge both theoretical and experimental efforts but offer opportunities for \"deformation engineering\" strategies aimed at optimizing device performance and discovering new functionalities. In this review, we summarize the recent research progresses on magnetic skyrmion dynamics under steady and time-varying deformation. It begins with an introduction on the basic concepts of magnetic skyrmions and analytical descriptions of skyrmion deformation. Subsequently, theoretical and experimental methods for study of magnetic skyrmion dynamics under deformation are introduced. The characteristics and influencing factors of various deformation modes (including steady and time-varying modes) of magnetic skyrmions are discussed. Finally, we discuss the device applications and open questions related to magnetic skyrmions beyond rigid particles.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adf7ba
Ashish Kalkal,Amit K Yadav,Damini Verma,Abhishek Sehgal,Gopinath Packirisamy,Dhiraj Bhatia
Over the past four decades, additive manufacturing (AM), particularly 3D printing, has emerged as a disruptive force in chemical and biosensing technologies, revolutionizing prototyping and production across laboratories and industries. Recent advancements in 3D printing techniques and materials have accelerated the development of novel sensors for diverse applications, offering unparalleled advantages such as rapid prototyping, customization, and cost efficiency. Unlike traditional fabrication methods, 3D printing creates intricate, high-precision structures while reducing multi-step processes, making it ideal for biosensor development. Its interdisciplinary potential spans physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, positioning it as a transformative tool in biomedical applications, particularly for biosensing. Despite its promise, challenges such as limited multi-material integration, standardization hurdles, resolution constraints, biocompatibility concerns, and scalability issues persist. Addressing these gaps through interdisciplinary collaboration could unlock the full potential of AM-enabled sensing devices. This review critically evaluates the evolution and latest progress in AM technologies, including fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, and inkjet printing for designing sensitive, customizable, and affordable biosensors. Additionally, this article explores recent innovations in 3D-printed chemical and biological sensors, analyzing their performance in detecting various analytes. A comprehensive summary of cutting-edge developments is provided, alongside an examination of future directions for refining and inventing 3D printing techniques in biosensor fabrication. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and opportunities in 3D-printed sensing devices, emphasizing the need for material optimization, improved printing resolution, and enhanced device functionality. By overcoming these barriers, 3D printing can serve as a cornerstone for next-generation diagnostic platforms, driving innovation in chemical and biosensing technologies. This review underscores AM's transformative role as a catalyst for future breakthroughs in the field.
{"title":"Harnessing the potential of emerging additive manufacturing technologies as a game-changer for chemical and biosensing innovations.","authors":"Ashish Kalkal,Amit K Yadav,Damini Verma,Abhishek Sehgal,Gopinath Packirisamy,Dhiraj Bhatia","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adf7ba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adf7ba","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past four decades, additive manufacturing (AM), particularly 3D printing, has emerged as a disruptive force in chemical and biosensing technologies, revolutionizing prototyping and production across laboratories and industries. Recent advancements in 3D printing techniques and materials have accelerated the development of novel sensors for diverse applications, offering unparalleled advantages such as rapid prototyping, customization, and cost efficiency. Unlike traditional fabrication methods, 3D printing creates intricate, high-precision structures while reducing multi-step processes, making it ideal for biosensor development. Its interdisciplinary potential spans physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, positioning it as a transformative tool in biomedical applications, particularly for biosensing. Despite its promise, challenges such as limited multi-material integration, standardization hurdles, resolution constraints, biocompatibility concerns, and scalability issues persist. Addressing these gaps through interdisciplinary collaboration could unlock the full potential of AM-enabled sensing devices. This review critically evaluates the evolution and latest progress in AM technologies, including fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, and inkjet printing for designing sensitive, customizable, and affordable biosensors. Additionally, this article explores recent innovations in 3D-printed chemical and biological sensors, analyzing their performance in detecting various analytes. A comprehensive summary of cutting-edge developments is provided, alongside an examination of future directions for refining and inventing 3D printing techniques in biosensor fabrication. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and opportunities in 3D-printed sensing devices, emphasizing the need for material optimization, improved printing resolution, and enhanced device functionality. By overcoming these barriers, 3D printing can serve as a cornerstone for next-generation diagnostic platforms, driving innovation in chemical and biosensing technologies. This review underscores AM's transformative role as a catalyst for future breakthroughs in the field.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adefef
Dawei Zhai,Hongyi Yu,Wang Yao
The moiré superlattices formed by stacking 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with twisting angle or lattice mismatch have provided a versatile platform with unprecedented tunability for exploring many frontier topics in condensed matter physics, including optical, topological and correlation phenomena. This field of study advances rapidly and a plethora of exciting experimental and theoretical progresses have been achieved recently. This review aims to provide an overview of the fundamental properties of TMDs moiré superlattices, as well as highlight some of the major breakthroughs in this captivating field.
.
{"title":"Twistronics and moiré superlattice physics in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.","authors":"Dawei Zhai,Hongyi Yu,Wang Yao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adefef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adefef","url":null,"abstract":"The moiré superlattices formed by stacking 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with twisting angle or lattice mismatch have provided a versatile platform with unprecedented tunability for exploring many frontier topics in condensed matter physics, including optical, topological and correlation phenomena. This field of study advances rapidly and a plethora of exciting experimental and theoretical progresses have been achieved recently. This review aims to provide an overview of the fundamental properties of TMDs moiré superlattices, as well as highlight some of the major breakthroughs in this captivating field.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adef66
Xiaoqian Zhang,Peng Li,Guang Bian
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of fascinating magnetic properties, making them highly attractive for spintronic applications such as high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. Recently, chromium tellurides (CrTeₓ) have attracted significant attention due to their metallic band structure, strong magnetic anisotropy, and tunable exchange couplings. The unique tunability of magnetic properties in a metallic ground state makes CrTex a promising platform for generating, controlling, and manipulating spin currents. This review summarizes recent advances in large-scale 2D magnetic CrTeₓ epitaxial thin films, emphasizing synthesis techniques that produce high-quality, large-area films. It explores the role of self-intercalation and heterostructure engineering in tailoring the magnetic and structural properties of these materials. We also review the band structure, magnetic characteristics, and spin dynamics of CrTeₓ, with a particular emphasis on thickness-dependent band dispersion, magnetic anisotropy, and the emergence of skyrmions. Moreover, this review highlights the applications of CrTeₓ in spintronics, covering the anomalous Hall effect, topological Hall effect, spin valves, and spin-orbit torque devices. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of intriguing properties of CrTex compounds and to inspire further innovative studies on vast potential of 2D magnetic materials for next-generation spintronic and quantum devices.
{"title":"Advances in 2D magnetic chromium tellurides: synthesis, characterization, and spintronic applications.","authors":"Xiaoqian Zhang,Peng Li,Guang Bian","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adef66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adef66","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of fascinating magnetic properties, making them highly attractive for spintronic applications such as high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. Recently, chromium tellurides (CrTeₓ) have attracted significant attention due to their metallic band structure, strong magnetic anisotropy, and tunable exchange couplings. The unique tunability of magnetic properties in a metallic ground state makes CrTex a promising platform for generating, controlling, and manipulating spin currents. This review summarizes recent advances in large-scale 2D magnetic CrTeₓ epitaxial thin films, emphasizing synthesis techniques that produce high-quality, large-area films. It explores the role of self-intercalation and heterostructure engineering in tailoring the magnetic and structural properties of these materials. We also review the band structure, magnetic characteristics, and spin dynamics of CrTeₓ, with a particular emphasis on thickness-dependent band dispersion, magnetic anisotropy, and the emergence of skyrmions. Moreover, this review highlights the applications of CrTeₓ in spintronics, covering the anomalous Hall effect, topological Hall effect, spin valves, and spin-orbit torque devices. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of intriguing properties of CrTex compounds and to inspire further innovative studies on vast potential of 2D magnetic materials for next-generation spintronic and quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MicroRNA (miRNA) in aqueous humor holds significant promise as a non-invasive biomarker for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), enabling early diagnosis and prognosis. However, current methods for miRNA detection often suffer from limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. This study introduces a novel black phosphorus-enhanced fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor (BP-FOSPR) integrated with a CRISPR-Cas13a system for ultrasensitive and single-base-specific detection of
PCNSL-associated miRNA in aqueous humor. The BP nano-interface significantly enhances the surface plasmon resonance signal, while the CRISPR-Cas13a technology enables highly specific detection of miRNA, down to single nucleotide mismatches. This system achieves a detection limit as low as 21aM without the need for amplification and demonstrates robust performance in clinical samples. With its unparalleled sensitivity, specificity, label-free operation, and potential for portability, this biosensing platform offers transformative capabilities for early PCNSL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring using minimally invasive liquid biopsy.
.
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive detection of microRNA in intraocular fluid using optical fiber sensing technology for central nervous system lymphoma diagnosis.","authors":"Yanqi Ge,Wenchen Zheng,Zhaoliang Hou,Yule Zhang,Bowen Du,Songrui Wei,Xueyan Liu,Zhi Chen,Han Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adee44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adee44","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNA (miRNA) in aqueous humor holds significant promise as a non-invasive biomarker for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), enabling early diagnosis and prognosis. However, current methods for miRNA detection often suffer from limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. This study introduces a novel black phosphorus-enhanced fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor (BP-FOSPR) integrated with a CRISPR-Cas13a system for ultrasensitive and single-base-specific detection of
PCNSL-associated miRNA in aqueous humor. The BP nano-interface significantly enhances the surface plasmon resonance signal, while the CRISPR-Cas13a technology enables highly specific detection of miRNA, down to single nucleotide mismatches. This system achieves a detection limit as low as 21aM without the need for amplification and demonstrates robust performance in clinical samples. With its unparalleled sensitivity, specificity, label-free operation, and potential for portability, this biosensing platform offers transformative capabilities for early PCNSL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring using minimally invasive liquid biopsy.
.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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