Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.004
Carina Pereyra , María del Pilar Monge , Silvestre Bongiovanni , Andrea Cristofolini , Sergio Campos , Lilia Cavaglieri
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Kluyveromyces marxianus VM004 culture conditions on the cell wall (CW) structure and its influence on aflatoxin B1 binding. The yeast was inoculated into two types of culture media: yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) broth and dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDG). The CW was extracted from the biomass produced in these media. AFB1 (150 ng/ml) adsorption tests using the biomass (1 × 107 cells/ml) and the CW (0.001 g) were performed at pH 2 and pH 8. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluated the CW thickness, and infrared spectroscopy (IR) determined the CW composition. Biomass production in YPD was higher than that in DDG. Cell diameter (μm) and CW thickness (μm) increased in the DDG medium. The CW percentage obtained in DDG was higher than that in YPD. The absorbance of carbohydrates by IR was higher in YPD. pH influenced AFB1 adsorption, which was lower at pH 8. The proportion of β-glucan and chitin present in CW was higher in the YPD medium. The IR method allowed to study the CW carbohydrate variation under the influence of these carbon sources. In conclusion, the culture media composition influenced the β-glucan and chitin composition and consequently, AFB1 adsorption.
{"title":"Impact of Kluyveromyces marxianus VM004 culture conditions on the cell wall structure and its influence on aflatoxin B1 binding","authors":"Carina Pereyra , María del Pilar Monge , Silvestre Bongiovanni , Andrea Cristofolini , Sergio Campos , Lilia Cavaglieri","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to determine the impact of <em>Kluyveromyces marxianus</em> VM004 culture conditions on the cell wall (CW) structure and its influence on aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> binding. The yeast was inoculated into two types of culture media: yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) broth and dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDG). The CW was extracted from the biomass produced in these media. AFB<sub>1</sub> (150<!--> <!-->ng/ml) adsorption tests using the biomass (1<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10<sup>7</sup> <!-->cells/ml) and the CW (0.001<!--> <!-->g) were performed at pH 2 and pH 8. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluated the CW thickness, and infrared spectroscopy (IR) determined the CW composition. Biomass production in YPD was higher than that in DDG. Cell diameter (μm) and CW thickness (μm) increased in the DDG medium. The CW percentage obtained in DDG was higher than that in YPD. The absorbance of carbohydrates by IR was higher in YPD. pH influenced AFB<sub>1</sub> adsorption, which was lower at pH 8. The proportion of β-glucan and chitin present in CW was higher in the YPD medium. The IR method allowed to study the CW carbohydrate variation under the influence of these carbon sources. In conclusion, the culture media composition influenced the β-glucan and chitin composition and consequently, AFB<sub>1</sub> adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.012
Juan Carlos Lona-Reyes , Tania Alejandra Cruz-Chávez , Juan Antonio Gallegos-Marín , Ana María Chávez-Vázquez , Fernando Alatorre-Rendón , Jesús González-Carmona , Bruno Moreno-Medina
We conducted a prolective cohort study with the aim of estimating the incidence of healthcare-associated infections and identifying associated factors in an intensive care unit in Mexico. Diagnosis of central venous catheter-associated bacteremia, ventilator-associated pneumonia and urinary catheter-associated urinary tract infection was established according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions; risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Four hundred twenty-six patients who had 486 admissions were studied, 55.9% were male and the median age was 4 years. The healthcare-associated infections incidence rate was 14.8 events/1000 patient-days. The prevalent microorganisms were gram negative bacilli. The factors associated with healthcare-associated infections were chronic conditions (p = 0,01), the number of central venous catheters inserted and the days duration of central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation and the urinary catheter (the 4 variables with p ≤ 0.001).
{"title":"Infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos en México: epidemiología y factores asociados","authors":"Juan Carlos Lona-Reyes , Tania Alejandra Cruz-Chávez , Juan Antonio Gallegos-Marín , Ana María Chávez-Vázquez , Fernando Alatorre-Rendón , Jesús González-Carmona , Bruno Moreno-Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted a prolective cohort study with the aim of estimating the incidence of healthcare-associated infections and identifying associated factors in an intensive care unit in Mexico. Diagnosis of central venous catheter-associated bacteremia, ventilator-associated pneumonia and urinary catheter-associated urinary tract infection was established according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions; risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Four hundred twenty-six patients who had 486 admissions were studied, 55.9% were male and the median age was 4 years. The healthcare-associated infections incidence rate was 14.8 events/1000 patient-days. The prevalent microorganisms were gram negative bacilli. The factors associated with healthcare-associated infections were chronic conditions (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,01), the number of central venous catheters inserted and the days duration of central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation and the urinary catheter (the 4 variables with <em>p</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.009
Mariela Beatriz Reyes-Sosa , Raúl Valle-Gough , María del Carmen Ponce-Caballero , María Leticia Arena-Ortiz
Given the importance of the coastal environments and the multiple ecological services that they provide, it is important to explore and understand the interactions that occur within them. The microbiome is a key factor for the understanding of the dynamics of these fragile sites. A metagenomic study based on the profiling of the 16S ribosomal gene was carried out in order to assess the bacterial diversity present in the northern coastal zone of the Yucatan Peninsula. The results showed that water and sediment samples share some similarities regarding the bacterial genera found, only differing in the quantitative part. Through a PCO (principal coordinates) analysis clear differences between sediment and water samples could be observed. The highest relative diversity was found in wetland and lagoon sediment samples, respectively. It was observed that 3–8% of the total sequence reads belonged to opportunistic genera such as: Vibrio in the sea samples and Capnocytophaga in the other environments. Salinity and pH were the factors which contributed the most to the differences among the communities in the various environments in the coastal zone. There is an important similarity in the sediments across the different environments within the studied coastal zone. The data presented herein contribute to setting a baseline for research in the coastal region of the Yucatan Peninsula.
{"title":"Bacterial richness assessment in water and sediments in the northern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula","authors":"Mariela Beatriz Reyes-Sosa , Raúl Valle-Gough , María del Carmen Ponce-Caballero , María Leticia Arena-Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the importance of the coastal environments and the multiple ecological services that they provide, it is important to explore and understand the interactions that occur within them. The microbiome is a key factor for the understanding of the dynamics of these fragile sites. A metagenomic study based on the profiling of the 16S ribosomal gene was carried out in order to assess the bacterial diversity present in the northern coastal zone of the Yucatan Peninsula. The results showed that water and sediment samples share some similarities regarding the bacterial genera found, only differing in the quantitative part. Through a PCO (principal coordinates) analysis clear differences between sediment and water samples could be observed. The highest relative diversity was found in wetland and lagoon sediment samples, respectively. It was observed that 3–8% of the total sequence reads belonged to opportunistic genera such as: <em>Vibrio</em> in the sea samples and <em>Capnocytophaga</em> in the other environments. Salinity and pH were the factors which contributed the most to the differences among the communities in the various environments in the coastal zone. There is an important similarity in the sediments across the different environments within the studied coastal zone. The data presented herein contribute to setting a baseline for research in the coastal region of the Yucatan Peninsula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.010
María J. González , Michela Lain , Victoria Iribarnegaray , Luciana Robino , Paola Scavone
Biofilm-associated microorganisms can cause many infections and are an important cause of resistance to several antimicrobials. The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for new therapeutic tools. Ambroxol is frequently used as a mucolytic agent in respiratory diseases with increased mucus production. In addition, a wide range of properties has been described, including the effect on biofilms. In this work, we evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of ambroxol on four strains with clinical relevance: Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In vitro, biofilm formation was assessed using the crystal violet quantification technique in microplate and glass coverslip. The inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated by adding ambroxol at the initial time. Ambroxol hydrochloride was evaluated over the preformed biofilm and live/dead bacteria were quantified. The effect of ambroxol in the ethidium bromide efflux assay and the relative expression of the five major P. mirabilis efflux pump family genes were analyzed. Ambroxol inhibited biofilm formation in all the bacteria tested. Moreover, ambroxol significantly reduces both biofilm biomass and viable bacteria. Ambroxol was able to affect P. mirabilis efflux pumps depending on the concentration used and induced the overexpression of several efflux pump genes. In summary, ambroxol kills planktonic cells, reduce biofilm biomass as it increases cell death, and affect the expression of efflux pumps. Furthermore, it presents a viable alternative for the treatment of biofilm infection alone or in combination with antibiotic therapy.
{"title":"Broaden properties of ambroxol hydrochloride as an antibiofilm compound","authors":"María J. González , Michela Lain , Victoria Iribarnegaray , Luciana Robino , Paola Scavone","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilm-associated microorganisms can cause many infections and are an important cause of resistance to several antimicrobials. The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for new therapeutic tools. Ambroxol is frequently used as a mucolytic agent in respiratory diseases with increased mucus production. In addition, a wide range of properties has been described, including the effect on biofilms. In this work, we evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of ambroxol on four strains with clinical relevance: <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>. In vitro, biofilm formation was assessed using the crystal violet quantification technique in microplate and glass coverslip. The inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated by adding ambroxol at the initial time. Ambroxol hydrochloride was evaluated over the preformed biofilm and live/dead bacteria were quantified. The effect of ambroxol in the ethidium bromide efflux assay and the relative expression of the five major <em>P. mirabilis</em> efflux pump family genes were analyzed. Ambroxol inhibited biofilm formation in all the bacteria tested. Moreover, ambroxol significantly reduces both biofilm biomass and viable bacteria. Ambroxol was able to affect <em>P. mirabilis</em> efflux pumps depending on the concentration used and induced the overexpression of several efflux pump genes. In summary, ambroxol kills planktonic cells, reduce biofilm biomass as it increases cell death, and affect the expression of efflux pumps. Furthermore, it presents a viable alternative for the treatment of biofilm infection alone or in combination with antibiotic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 114-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.011
Bahareh Nowruzi, Hassan Beiranvand
Fusarium wilt of cucumber, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, is a major plant disease that causes significant economic losses. The extensive use of chemical fungicides for its control poses environmental and health risks. Due to growing concerns about the detrimental effects of chemical fungicides, finding safe and effective bio-based alternatives for plant disease control is of high importance. In this study, the potential of Neowestiellopsis persica A1387 cyanobacterial metabolites as a promising substitute for chemical fungicides in controlling this disease was investigated. The antifungal activity of N. persica A1387 cyanobacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) extract was evaluated against F. oxysporum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Cucumber plants infected with the fungus were treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract and then assessed for disease severity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and growth parameters. Both biomass and EPS extracts of N. persica A1387 cyanobacteria significantly increased the diameter of the F. oxysporum growth inhibition zone under in vitro conditions. Treatment with cyanobacterial EPS extract resulted in increased dry and fresh weight of stem and roots, and a significant reduction in disease severity and percentage in F. oxysporum-infected plants. Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase enzyme activities in fungus-infected plants treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract were significantly lower on day 42 of infection compared to untreated and infected control plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of N. persica A1387 cyanobacterial extracts as natural and safe alternatives to chemical fungicides for controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt disease.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo study of the antifungal activity of extracellular products of cyanobacterium Neowestiellopsis persica strain A1387 against Fusarium wilt disease of cucumber","authors":"Bahareh Nowruzi, Hassan Beiranvand","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium</em> wilt of cucumber, caused by the fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, is a major plant disease that causes significant economic losses. The extensive use of chemical fungicides for its control poses environmental and health risks. Due to growing concerns about the detrimental effects of chemical fungicides, finding safe and effective bio-based alternatives for plant disease control is of high importance. In this study, the potential of <em>Neowestiellopsis persica</em> A1387 cyanobacterial metabolites as a promising substitute for chemical fungicides in controlling this disease was investigated. The antifungal activity of <em>N. persica</em> A1387 cyanobacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) extract was evaluated against <em>F. oxysporum</em> under <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conditions. Cucumber plants infected with the fungus were treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract and then assessed for disease severity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and growth parameters. Both biomass and EPS extracts of <em>N. persica</em> A1387 cyanobacteria significantly increased the diameter of the <em>F. oxysporum</em> growth inhibition zone under <em>in vitro</em> conditions. Treatment with cyanobacterial EPS extract resulted in increased dry and fresh weight of stem and roots, and a significant reduction in disease severity and percentage in <em>F. oxysporum</em>-infected plants. Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase enzyme activities in fungus-infected plants treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract were significantly lower on day 42 of infection compared to untreated and infected control plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of <em>N. persica</em> A1387 cyanobacterial extracts as natural and safe alternatives to chemical fungicides for controlling cucumber <em>Fusarium</em> wilt disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2025.02.003
Tooba Shafiq , Khajista Jabeen , Sumera Iqbal , Aisha Umar , Mohamed S. Elshikh , Reem M. Aljowaie , Laurent Dufossé , Rashid Iqbal , Soumya Ghosh
Cicer arietinum L. is a vital source of nutrients that suffers substantial annual losses due to Ascochyta blight, caused by the plant pathogen Ascochyta rabiei. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and O. basilicum L. shoots (leaves and stems) against A. rabiei (Pass) Lab. In vitro bioassays were conducted using methanolic extracts from leaves and stems at six different concentrations: 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5%. A total of eight compounds were identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The highest inhibition of A. rabiei growth was achieved with a 3.5% methanolic leaf extract of O. basilicum. Methanolic extracts from O. tenuiflorum shoots also reduced fungal growth by 6.18–73%. Additionally, the n-hexane fraction derived from O. basilicum inhibited fungal growth by 71–76% and was subsequently analyzed using GC–MS. This analysis identified eight compounds: (1) cyclopentane, methyl-, (2) cyclohexane, (3) 2,2-dimethylbutane, (4) 2,3-dimethylbutane, pentane, (5) 2,3-dimethyl-, (6) 2-bromoacetonitrile, (7) alpha-cadinol, and (8) phenylpropanolamine. The antioxidant activity of O. tenuiflorum and O. basilicum shoots was also assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The highest antioxidant activity, 98.58%, was recorded at a 3.5% methanolic stem extract concentration of O. tenuiflorum. The antioxidant activity potential was highest for O. tenuiflorum at 0.729 mg/mL, followed by O. basilicum at 0.411 mg/mL.
{"title":"Antifungal and antioxidant potential of Ocimum species against Ascochyta rabiei (Pass) Lab","authors":"Tooba Shafiq , Khajista Jabeen , Sumera Iqbal , Aisha Umar , Mohamed S. Elshikh , Reem M. Aljowaie , Laurent Dufossé , Rashid Iqbal , Soumya Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cicer arietinum</em> L. is a vital source of nutrients that suffers substantial annual losses due to Ascochyta blight, caused by the plant pathogen <em>Ascochyta rabiei</em>. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal potential of <em>Ocimum tenuiflorum</em> L. and <em>O. basilicum</em> L. shoots (leaves and stems) against <em>A. rabiei</em> (Pass) Lab. <em>In vitro</em> bioassays were conducted using methanolic extracts from leaves and stems at six different concentrations: 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5%. A total of eight compounds were identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The highest inhibition of <em>A. rabiei</em> growth was achieved with a 3.5% methanolic leaf extract of <em>O. basilicum</em>. Methanolic extracts from <em>O. tenuiflorum</em> shoots also reduced fungal growth by 6.18–73%. Additionally, the n-hexane fraction derived from <em>O. basilicum</em> inhibited fungal growth by 71–76% and was subsequently analyzed using GC–MS. This analysis identified eight compounds: (1) cyclopentane, methyl-, (2) cyclohexane, (3) 2,2-dimethylbutane, (4) 2,3-dimethylbutane, pentane, (5) 2,3-dimethyl-, (6) 2-bromoacetonitrile, (7) alpha-cadinol, and (8) phenylpropanolamine. The antioxidant activity of <em>O. tenuiflorum</em> and <em>O. basilicum</em> shoots was also assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The highest antioxidant activity, 98.58%, was recorded at a 3.5% methanolic stem extract concentration of <em>O. tenuiflorum</em>. The antioxidant activity potential was highest for <em>O. tenuiflorum</em> at 0.729<!--> <!-->mg/mL, followed by <em>O. basilicum</em> at 0.411<!--> <!-->mg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 125-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.003
Iris Carolina Elías , María Nair Viola , Ana Maria Russo , Marcelo Signorini Porchietto
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution that causes significant productive losses and negative impacts on public health. The aim of this work was to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of brucellosis in mixed farms (cattle/goats) in the central-western region of the province of Formosa. Sixty seven mixed farms with 7,855 animals (2,943 cattle and 4,912 goats) were randomly sampled during 2022/2023. The samples were serologically analyzed (BPA + FPA) to determine which animals were positive. Likewise, in each farm, a confidential survey was carried out to evaluate potential associated variables. The statistical analysis was performed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) with binomial distribution, logarithmic link function, and farm as a random variable. The estimated prevalence of brucellosis in mixed farms was 9%, while the joint prevalence per animal (cattle and goats) was 2.75%. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and goats was explained by the presence of animals with reproductive signs (odds ratio, OR = 40), the occurrence of abortions in the last term of gestation and the birth of weak offspring (OR = 5.3), incorrect treatment of abortions (OR = 8), the introduction of animals from other farms (OR = 5.9), and not having a negative brucellosis certificate (OR = 9.6). The management practices conducted in each farm such as preventive measures, sanitation practices for the pens, and prevention measures for the workers, are important for the control of brucellosis.
{"title":"Factores de riesgo asociados a la presentación de brucelosis en establecimientos mixtos de caprinos-bovinos de la provincia de Formosa, Argentina","authors":"Iris Carolina Elías , María Nair Viola , Ana Maria Russo , Marcelo Signorini Porchietto","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution that causes significant productive losses and negative impacts on public health. The aim of this work was to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of brucellosis in mixed farms (cattle/goats) in the central-western region of the province of Formosa. Sixty seven mixed farms with 7,855 animals (2,943 cattle and 4,912 goats) were randomly sampled during 2022/2023. The samples were serologically analyzed (BPA + FPA) to determine which animals were positive. Likewise, in each farm, a confidential survey was carried out to evaluate potential associated variables. The statistical analysis was performed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) with binomial distribution, logarithmic link function, and farm as a random variable. The estimated prevalence of brucellosis in mixed farms was 9%, while the joint prevalence per animal (cattle and goats) was 2.75%. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and goats was explained by the presence of animals with reproductive signs (<em>odds ratio</em>, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->40), the occurrence of abortions in the last term of gestation and the birth of weak offspring (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5.3), incorrect treatment of abortions (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8), the introduction of animals from other farms (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5.9), and not having a negative brucellosis certificate (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.6). The management practices conducted in each farm such as preventive measures, sanitation practices for the pens, and prevention measures for the workers, are important for the control of brucellosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.003
María Dolores Rojo-Martín , Juan Diego Ruiz-Mesa , Concepción Mediavilla-Gradolph , Mercedes Marín-Arriaza , Alexandra Halbardier-Carretero , José Serrano-Sánchez , Ignacio Márquez-Gómez , Inmaculada de Toro-Peinado , Luis Francisco Caballero-Martínez , Aurora García-Barrionuevo , Begoña Palop-Borrás
The main current diagnostic challenge in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is to detect patients with the poorest prognoses. We have studied the association between the presence of toxin in the feces, the amplification of the toxin B gene at low cycles in PCR (Ct), and the detection of the binary toxin or ribotype with severity, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Toxigenic C. difficile has been investigated in adult diarrheal feces, regardless of the clinical request. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) have been assessed by immunoassay and the gene encoding toxin B (tcdB) and the binary toxin (cdtA) by PCR. The toxigenic strains recovered by toxigenic culture were typed by PCR-Ribotyping and subtyped by MLVA (multilocus-variable number tandem DNA repeat analysis). Eighty-two (82) cases of CDI were detected from 677 samples (12.1%). Patients with Ct ≤ 27.5 often presented criteria for severity, recurrence, and poor prognosis (59.3% versus 40.7%, P=.15; 80% versus 20%, P=.10; and 60.3% versus 39.7%, P=.055, respectively). The mean Ct was lower when recurrence was observed (25.48; SD = 2.41; P=.058). By logistic regression, the variable most likely to indicate a poor prognosis was Ct ≤ 27.5 (OR = 2.663; 95% CI=.983-7.636; P=.059). In summary, the cycle threshold of the PCR for toxin B is a possible marker of severity, recurrence, and poor prognosis in CDI. The diversity of ribotypes observed is remarkable, with no clonal relationship between isolates of the same ribotype.
目前诊断艰难梭菌感染（CDI）的主要挑战是发现预后最差的患者。我们研究了粪便中毒素的存在、低周期PCR （Ct）中毒素B基因的扩增以及检测到的二元毒素或核型与严重程度、复发和预后不良之间的关系。无论临床是否需要，在成人腹泻粪便中都有产毒艰难梭菌的研究。采用免疫分析法对谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）、毒素A （TcdA）和毒素B （TcdB）进行鉴定，采用PCR法对毒素B （TcdB）和二元毒素（cdtA）的基因编码进行鉴定。用PCR-Ribotyping分型和MLVA （multi - locus-variable number tandem DNA repeat analysis）分型方法对产毒株进行分型。677份标本中检出82例（12.1%）CDI。Ct≤27.5的患者通常存在严重程度、复发和预后不良的标准(59.3% vs 40.7%， P= 0.15；80% vs 20%， P= 0.10；60.3%对39.7%，P=。055年,分别)。复发时平均Ct较低(25.48；SD = 2.41;P = .058)。经logistic回归分析，最可能提示预后不良的变量为Ct≤27.5 (OR=2.663；95%可信区间= .983 - 7.636;P = .059)。总之，毒素B PCR的周期阈值可能是CDI严重程度、复发和预后不良的标志。观察到的核糖型多样性是显著的，相同核糖型的分离株之间没有克隆关系。
{"title":"Impacto de los marcadores microbiológicos en la evolución de la infección por Clostridioides difficile","authors":"María Dolores Rojo-Martín , Juan Diego Ruiz-Mesa , Concepción Mediavilla-Gradolph , Mercedes Marín-Arriaza , Alexandra Halbardier-Carretero , José Serrano-Sánchez , Ignacio Márquez-Gómez , Inmaculada de Toro-Peinado , Luis Francisco Caballero-Martínez , Aurora García-Barrionuevo , Begoña Palop-Borrás","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main current diagnostic challenge in <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) is to detect patients with the poorest prognoses. We have studied the association between the presence of toxin in the feces, the amplification of the toxin B gene at low cycles in PCR (Ct), and the detection of the binary toxin or ribotype with severity, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Toxigenic <em>C. difficile</em> has been investigated in adult diarrheal feces, regardless of the clinical request. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) have been assessed by immunoassay and the gene encoding toxin B (tcdB) and the binary toxin (cdtA) by PCR. The toxigenic strains recovered by toxigenic culture were typed by PCR-Ribotyping and subtyped by MLVA (multilocus-variable number tandem DNA repeat analysis). Eighty-two (82) cases of CDI were detected from 677 samples (12.1%). Patients with Ct ≤ 27.5 often presented criteria for severity, recurrence, and poor prognosis (59.3% versus 40.7%, <em>P</em>=.15; 80% versus 20%, <em>P</em>=.10; and 60.3% versus 39.7%, <em>P</em>=.055, respectively). The mean Ct was lower when recurrence was observed (25.48; SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.41; <em>P</em>=.058). By logistic regression, the variable most likely to indicate a poor prognosis was Ct ≤ 27.5 (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.663; 95% CI=.983-7.636; <em>P</em>=.059). In summary, the cycle threshold of the PCR for toxin B is a possible marker of severity, recurrence, and poor prognosis in CDI. The diversity of ribotypes observed is remarkable, with no clonal relationship between isolates of the same ribotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.009
Thelma J. Parra-Aguilar, María de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, Alejandra Almaraz-Sánchez, Alfonsina Judith Hernández, Sergio Aranda-Ocampo
Postharvest diseases of carrots are one of the most important concerns in carrot storage, as they affect the shelf life of carrots and cause significant financial losses. In this study, ten commercial carrot samples from supermarkets and local markets in Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico, were analyzed for bacterial spoilage after incubation at 28 °C in a humidity chamber. Carrots from seven samples developed bacterial spoilage after five days of incubation, of which baby carrots (industrially processed) showed the most severe rot. Twenty-three bacterial strains were isolated from the tissues of spoiled carrots. To identify and characterize the spoilage pathogens, the isolated strains were inoculated into healthy carrots in laboratory tests. Of the 23 strains analyzed, eight caused carrot tissue spoilage. Biochemical and molecular characterization by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing identified Gluconobacter cerinus (1032.2, 1059 and 1070.1), G.kondonii (1027.1), G.wancherniae (1033.1) and Paenibacillus polymyxa (1074.2, 1076 and 1077) as the causal agents of the carrot rot evaluated in this study. In addition, these bacteria showed virulence in other plant pathogenicity tests; Gluconobacter strains induced a hypersensitivity reaction in tobacco leaves and Paenibacillus strains showed pectolytic activity in potato tubers. This study is the first to report G.cerinus, G.kondonii, G.wancherniae and P.polymyxa as causal agents of commercial carrot rot.
{"title":"Gluconobacter spp. y Paenibacillus polymyxa causan pudrición en zanahorias comerciales aparentemente sanas","authors":"Thelma J. Parra-Aguilar, María de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, Alejandra Almaraz-Sánchez, Alfonsina Judith Hernández, Sergio Aranda-Ocampo","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postharvest diseases of carrots are one of the most important concerns in carrot storage, as they affect the shelf life of carrots and cause significant financial losses. In this study, ten commercial carrot samples from supermarkets and local markets in Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico, were analyzed for bacterial spoilage after incubation at 28<!--> <!-->°C in a humidity chamber. Carrots from seven samples developed bacterial spoilage after five days of incubation, of which baby carrots (industrially processed) showed the most severe rot. Twenty-three bacterial strains were isolated from the tissues of spoiled carrots. To identify and characterize the spoilage pathogens, the isolated strains were inoculated into healthy carrots in laboratory tests. Of the 23 strains analyzed, eight caused carrot tissue spoilage. Biochemical and molecular characterization by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing identified <em>Gluconobacter cerinus</em> (1032.2, 1059 and 1070.1), <em>G.</em> <em>kondonii</em> (1027.1), <em>G.</em> <em>wancherniae</em> (1033.1) and <em>Paenibacillus polymyxa</em> (1074.2, 1076 and 1077) as the causal agents of the carrot rot evaluated in this study. In addition, these bacteria showed virulence in other plant pathogenicity tests; <em>Gluconobacter</em> strains induced a hypersensitivity reaction in tobacco leaves and <em>Paenibacillus</em> strains showed pectolytic activity in potato tubers. This study is the first to report <em>G.</em> <em>cerinus</em>, <em>G.</em> <em>kondonii</em>, <em>G.</em> <em>wancherniae</em> and <em>P.</em> <em>polymyxa</em> as causal agents of commercial carrot rot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2025.04.003
Adriana M. Torres
{"title":"The dual impact of Trichoderma on soil microbial communities: beneficial or disruptive?","authors":"Adriana M. Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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