Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.007
Juan Antonio Castro-Diego , Carlos Alfonso López-Orona , Verónica Delgado-Pacheco , Miguel Armando López-Beltrán , Nancy Ley-López , Walter Arturo Rubio-Aragón , Jorge Alberto Edeza-Urías
Powdery mildew by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) is a major disease of greenhouse cucurbitaceous crops worldwide. Honey by honeybees has been reported as an antimicrobial for diseases in humans, animals, and plants. The aim of this study was to assess Apis mellifera honey against P. xanthii in cucumber plants. During nine consecutive weeks, four different honey concentrations (2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5%), a chemical control (Azoxystrobin) and an untreated check (water) were evaluated. Except for honey at 2%, every concentration was significantly different from the untreated check. Honey concentrations at 3% and 3.5% were found to be the most effective, and their area under disease progress curve (AUDP) was statistically comparable to that of Azoxystrobin with 1048.3, 642.3 and 575.8 AUDP, representing 72.4%, 83.1% and 84.8% of efficiency compared to the untreated check, respectively. These results provide preliminary information on the potential use of honey in managing strategies of the disease under greenhouse conditions.
{"title":"Potential use of Apis mellifera L. honey in the management of the cucurbit powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) under greenhouse conditions","authors":"Juan Antonio Castro-Diego , Carlos Alfonso López-Orona , Verónica Delgado-Pacheco , Miguel Armando López-Beltrán , Nancy Ley-López , Walter Arturo Rubio-Aragón , Jorge Alberto Edeza-Urías","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powdery mildew by <em>Podosphaera xanthii</em> (Castagne) is a major disease of greenhouse cucurbitaceous crops worldwide. Honey by honeybees has been reported as an antimicrobial for diseases in humans, animals, and plants. The aim of this study was to assess <em>Apis mellifera</em> honey against <em>P. xanthii</em> in cucumber plants. During nine consecutive weeks, four different honey concentrations (2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5%), a chemical control (Azoxystrobin) and an untreated check (water) were evaluated. Except for honey at 2%, every concentration was significantly different from the untreated check. Honey concentrations at 3% and 3.5% were found to be the most effective, and their area under disease progress curve (AUDP) was statistically comparable to that of Azoxystrobin with 1048.3, 642.3 and 575.8 AUDP, representing 72.4%, 83.1% and 84.8% of efficiency compared to the untreated check, respectively. These results provide preliminary information on the potential use of honey in managing strategies of the disease under greenhouse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.008
Mario José Matteo , María Cecilia Latini , Davor Nicolás Martinovic , Marina Bottiglieri
The WHO aims to reduce the number of deaths from TB by 95% and decrease its incidence rate by 90% between 2015 and 2035. The recommended rapid diagnostic tests are accurate and cost-effective, allow for a prompt start to treatment, and influence other outcomes that are important to the patient. To detect latent infection, the tuberculin skin test and interferon γ release (IGRA) tests are used. Although IGRA is an expensive test, it has greater specificity and is not affected by previous exposure to the BCG vaccine, among other advantages. For the diagnosis of active TB, smear microscopy is commonly employed. Culture is a more sensitive, but also more complex method. It constitutes the definitive diagnosis and allows phenotypic sensitivity tests to be performed. TB-LAM has limited sensitivity; however, unlike other methodologies, it has shown promising results in individuals living with HIV and CD4 T-cell counts below 200/mm3. Finally, among the molecular biology-based tests, commercial methods using real-time PCR allow mass diagnosis and sensitivity testing to first- and second-line drugs to be conducted within a few hours of receiving the sample. These are highly sensitive and specific tests, and their use is recommended as the initial diagnostic test in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases.
{"title":"Update of diagnostic methods in tuberculosis (TB)","authors":"Mario José Matteo , María Cecilia Latini , Davor Nicolás Martinovic , Marina Bottiglieri","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The WHO aims to reduce the number of deaths from TB by 95% and decrease its incidence rate by 90% between 2015 and 2035. The recommended rapid diagnostic tests are accurate and cost-effective, allow for a prompt start to treatment, and influence other outcomes that are important to the patient. To detect latent infection, the tuberculin skin test and interferon γ release (IGRA) tests are used. Although IGRA is an expensive test, it has greater specificity and is not affected by previous exposure to the BCG vaccine, among other advantages. For the diagnosis of active TB, smear microscopy is commonly employed. Culture is a more sensitive, but also more complex method. It constitutes the definitive diagnosis and allows phenotypic sensitivity tests to be performed. TB-LAM has limited sensitivity; however, unlike other methodologies, it has shown promising results in individuals living with HIV and CD4 T-cell counts below 200/mm<sup>3</sup>. Finally, among the molecular biology-based tests, commercial methods using real-time PCR allow mass diagnosis and sensitivity testing to first- and second-line drugs to be conducted within a few hours of receiving the sample. These are highly sensitive and specific tests, and their use is recommended as the initial diagnostic test in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.003
Daniel Fernández Fellenz , Julia M. Ruiz , Analía I. Etcheverría , Rocio Colello , María V. Velez , Marcelo E. Sanz , Mónica D. Sparo , Sabina Lissarrague , Josefina Pereyra , Gustavo Zanelli , Nora L. Padola
Rectal swabs (122) from pediatric patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of EPEC and STEC. STEC isolates were tested for the presence of stx1, stx2, eae, saa and ehxA. All eae-positive samples were tested for the presence of bfpA, and antigen O was determined using the agglutination test. Int1 and Int2 were detected to identify the presence of integrons class 1 and 2, respectively. Escherichia coli was detected in 68% of the samples, of which 18.8% were STEC (2.45%) and EPEC (16.3%). Serogroups STEC O145 and EPEC O130, O113 and O157 were observed, while three strains were non-typable. None of the EPEC strains carrying tbfpA and class 1 and 2 integrons was detected in any of the samples. The results obtained are important considering the virulence profiles found in the isolated EPEC and STEC strains and the serogroups associated with disease in humans.
{"title":"Detection of EPEC and STEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Argentina","authors":"Daniel Fernández Fellenz , Julia M. Ruiz , Analía I. Etcheverría , Rocio Colello , María V. Velez , Marcelo E. Sanz , Mónica D. Sparo , Sabina Lissarrague , Josefina Pereyra , Gustavo Zanelli , Nora L. Padola","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rectal swabs (122) from pediatric patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of EPEC and STEC. STEC isolates were tested for the presence of <em>stx1</em>, <em>stx2</em>, <em>eae</em>, <em>saa</em> and <em>ehxA</em>. All <em>eae</em>-positive samples were tested for the presence of <em>bfpA</em>, and antigen O was determined using the agglutination test. <em>Int1</em> and <em>Int2</em> were detected to identify the presence of integrons class 1 and 2, respectively. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was detected in 68% of the samples, of which 18.8% were STEC (2.45%) and EPEC (16.3%). Serogroups STEC O145 and EPEC O130, O113 and O157 were observed, while three strains were non-typable. None of the EPEC strains carrying t<em>bfpA</em> and class 1 and 2 integrons was detected in any of the samples. The results obtained are important considering the virulence profiles found in the isolated EPEC and STEC strains and the serogroups associated with disease in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.09.005
Jessica Basualdo , Gastón A. Iocoli , Marisa A. Gómez , María Celina Zabaloy
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of pathogenic enterobacteria of significant public health importance due to their association with highly prevalent human diseases. STEC is ubiquitous in livestock environments, and its presence in the environment emphasizes the importance of properly managing agricultural effluents to reduce health risks from contamination. In order to detect STEC in the effluent treatment systems of two dairy farms (“A” and “B”) in the southwest of Buenos Aires province, samples (“A”, n = 88; “B”, n = 72) were taken at two different times of the year (winter and spring) and at various points in the treatment systems. Analysis markers for virulence genes (stx, eae, saa, and ehxA) revealed the presence of STEC in 13.1% of the samples, showing an increase in spring and differences between dairy farms possibly related to their maintenance conditions. After manure, sediments showed the highest proportion of STEC-positive samples, which is relevant due to the ability of these strains to survive in the environment through biofilm formation. Eight genetic profiles were identified among all STEC-positive samples, which are associated with STEC strains that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and other gastrointestinal diseases. This demonstrates the role of dairy farm environments in the region as reservoirs of pathogenic STEC strains and their impact on public health.
{"title":"Dairy effluent management systems as a potential persistence source of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains","authors":"Jessica Basualdo , Gastón A. Iocoli , Marisa A. Gómez , María Celina Zabaloy","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) is a group of pathogenic enterobacteria of significant public health importance due to their association with highly prevalent human diseases. STEC is ubiquitous in livestock environments, and its presence in the environment emphasizes the importance of properly managing agricultural effluents to reduce health risks from contamination. In order to detect STEC in the effluent treatment systems of two dairy farms (“A” and “B”) in the southwest of Buenos Aires province, samples (“A”, n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->88; “B”, n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->72) were taken at two different times of the year (winter and spring) and at various points in the treatment systems. Analysis markers for virulence genes (<em>stx</em>, <em>eae</em>, <em>saa</em>, and <em>ehxA</em>) revealed the presence of STEC in 13.1% of the samples, showing an increase in spring and differences between dairy farms possibly related to their maintenance conditions. After manure, sediments showed the highest proportion of STEC-positive samples, which is relevant due to the ability of these strains to survive in the environment through biofilm formation. Eight genetic profiles were identified among all STEC-positive samples, which are associated with STEC strains that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and other gastrointestinal diseases. This demonstrates the role of dairy farm environments in the region as reservoirs of pathogenic STEC strains and their impact on public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.008
Arturo Gonzales-Rodriguez , Juan Carlos Gómez-de-la-Torre , Luis Alvarado , Edgar Gonzales Escalante
Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) is the main cause of the global spread of KPC and a significant public health problem. In 2015, ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) was introduced as a therapeutic alternative and since it has contributed to the development of new KPC variants. Here we present the identification of two consecutive isolations of K. pneumoniae ST258 (KP1 and KP2), from a patient with urinary tract infection. KP1 and KP2 harbored blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-35, respectively. KP2 exhibited a modified susceptibility profile to carbapenems and resistance to CZA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae ST258 in Peru, which highlights the increasing problem of CZA resistance.
{"title":"First report of KPC-35-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 isolated in Peru","authors":"Arturo Gonzales-Rodriguez , Juan Carlos Gómez-de-la-Torre , Luis Alvarado , Edgar Gonzales Escalante","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> sequence type 258 (ST258) is the main cause of the global spread of KPC and a significant public health problem. In 2015, ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) was introduced as a therapeutic alternative and since it has contributed to the development of new KPC variants. Here we present the identification of two consecutive isolations of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> ST258 (KP1 and KP2), from a patient with urinary tract infection. KP1 and KP2 harbored <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-2</sub> and <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-35</sub>, respectively. KP2 exhibited a modified susceptibility profile to carbapenems and resistance to CZA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> ST258 in Peru, which highlights the increasing problem of CZA resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.006
Sandra Y. Valencia-Castillo , Mayte J. Hernández-Beza , Irisbeth Powell-Cerda , Erika Acosta-Cruz , Guadalupe C. Rodríguez-Castillejos , Fernando Siller-López , Humberto Martínez-Montoya
Human breast milk (HBM) is a vital source of macronutrients and micronutrients that are crucial for an infant's development. Recent studies have shown that HBM contains diverse microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and anaerobic fungi. Additionally, novel research has revealed that individuals with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, are prone to dysbiosis in their gut microbiome. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on HBM and the pair mother–infant gut microbiota. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two groups from Pereira, Colombia: a GDM group and a non-GDM group. Each group consisted of five infants and their mothers. HBM and stool samples were collected from GDM and non-GDM mother–infant pairs. DNA was purified, and the 16S V3–V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Reads obtained were quality filtered and classified by homology according to the Ribosomal Small Subunit SILVA database. We found significant differences in the relative abundances of gut bacteria between GDM and non-GDM groups. Notably, Bifidobacterium, Serratia and Sutterella were negatively associated in women's gut with GDM. In HBM, Sutterella, Serratia and Lactococcus were found in low RA in the GDM group. Moreover, in the infants, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Sutterella, Serratia, Streptococcus, and Veillonella had a low presence in GDM. Our findings indicate that there are variations in gut bacteriome profiles between healthy women and those with GDM. These variations may impact the bacterial diversity in HBM, potentially leading to gut bacterial dysbiosis in their infants.
{"title":"Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus in gut and human breast milk microbiome in Colombian women and their infants","authors":"Sandra Y. Valencia-Castillo , Mayte J. Hernández-Beza , Irisbeth Powell-Cerda , Erika Acosta-Cruz , Guadalupe C. Rodríguez-Castillejos , Fernando Siller-López , Humberto Martínez-Montoya","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human breast milk (HBM) is a vital source of macronutrients and micronutrients that are crucial for an infant's development. Recent studies have shown that HBM contains diverse microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and anaerobic fungi. Additionally, novel research has revealed that individuals with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, are prone to dysbiosis in their gut microbiome. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on HBM and the pair mother–infant gut microbiota. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two groups from Pereira, Colombia: a GDM group and a non-GDM group. Each group consisted of five infants and their mothers. HBM and stool samples were collected from GDM and non-GDM mother–infant pairs. DNA was purified, and the 16S V3–V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Reads obtained were quality filtered and classified by homology according to the Ribosomal Small Subunit SILVA database. We found significant differences in the relative abundances of gut bacteria between GDM and non-GDM groups. Notably, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Serratia</em> and <em>Sutterella</em> were negatively associated in women's gut with GDM. In HBM, <em>Sutterella</em>, <em>Serratia</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em> were found in low RA in the GDM group. Moreover, in the infants, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Sutterella</em>, <em>Serratia</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>, and <em>Veillonella</em> had a low presence in GDM. Our findings indicate that there are variations in gut bacteriome profiles between healthy women and those with GDM. These variations may impact the bacterial diversity in HBM, potentially leading to gut bacterial dysbiosis in their infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite conducting studies to investigate food contamination in hospitals in different parts of Iran in recent years, there have been no reliable studies to identify Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium perfringens in hospital food in Mashhad. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating some major foodborne pathogens in hospital food. In this study, 360 food samples were randomly selected from 12 different menus from 13 hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Microbial culture methods for the recovery/isolation or enumeration of Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp. and C. perfringens as well as toxinotyping of C. perfringens using the PCR method were performed. B. cereus and C. perfringens were detected in 4 out of 360 food samples, 2 (0.55%) of which were B. cereus and, the remaining 2 (0.55%) were C. perfringens; B. subtilis was not detected in any of the food samples. Furthermore, Salmonella was found in 21 (5.82%) food samples, 12 (3.33%) of which were S. Typhimurium, 4 (1.11%) were S. Enteritidis, and 5 (1.38%) belonged to other Salmonella species. The most contaminated foods were salad, kebab, and rice samples, which accounted for 36%, 16%, and 12% of the contaminated foods, respectively. In our study, two strains of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, were the primary causative agents of food contamination among the investigated pathogens. More stringent control measures should be implemented in hospital catering, particularly for unprocessed foods such as salads.
{"title":"Identification of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium perfringens in hospital food","authors":"Mohammad Hashemi , Arefeh Erfani , Fateme Asadi Touranlou , Maliheh Doustinouri , Afsaneh Shahraki , Asma Afshari","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite conducting studies to investigate food contamination in hospitals in different parts of Iran in recent years, there have been no reliable studies to identify <em>Salmonella</em> Enteritidis, <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> in hospital food in Mashhad. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating some major foodborne pathogens in hospital food. In this study, 360 food samples were randomly selected from 12 different menus from 13 hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Microbial culture methods for the recovery/isolation or enumeration of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Bacillus</em> spp. and <em>C. perfringens</em> as well as toxinotyping of <em>C. perfringens</em> using the PCR method were performed. <em>B. cereus</em> and <em>C. perfringens</em> were detected in 4 out of 360 food samples, 2 (0.55%) of which were <em>B. cereus</em> and, the remaining 2 (0.55%) were <em>C. perfringens</em>; <em>B. subtilis</em> was not detected in any of the food samples. Furthermore, <em>Salmonella</em> was found in 21 (5.82%) food samples, 12 (3.33%) of which were <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, 4 (1.11%) were <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, and 5 (1.38%) belonged to other <em>Salmonella</em> species. The most contaminated foods were salad, kebab, and rice samples, which accounted for 36%, 16%, and 12% of the contaminated foods, respectively. In our study, two strains of <em>S.</em> Typhimurium and <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, were the primary causative agents of food contamination among the investigated pathogens. More stringent control measures should be implemented in hospital catering, particularly for unprocessed foods such as salads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.007
Claudia Soria-Segarra , Carmen Soria-Segarra , José Gutierrez-Fernandez
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have increased in the last decade. In low-income countries, colistin is considered a last resort antimicrobial to treat CPE infections, whose most worrisome mechanism of resistance is MCR-1 production. This study aims to understand the epidemiology of colistin resistance in CPE in the region, through the surveillance of the mcr-1 gene in CPE isolates in Ecuador. A total of 361 CPE isolates were collected across three periods, from 2016 to 2022. Colistin resistance was assessed using the broth microdilution method and the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding genes and the mcr-1 gene were studied. Colistin resistance rate increased from 3.76% to 23.74% during the study period. The mcr-1 gene was not identified in any of the isolates studied and Klebsiella pneumoniaeblaKPC was the most prevalent microorganism (n = 322; 89.20%). In conclusion, colistin resistance increased in CPE in Ecuador and was not mediated by the mcr-1 gene. Our results highlight the need to closely monitor national politics on antimicrobial resistance under the One Health Approach.
{"title":"Epidemiology of colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1 in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Ecuador in three periods from 2016 to 2022","authors":"Claudia Soria-Segarra , Carmen Soria-Segarra , José Gutierrez-Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CPE) have increased in the last decade. In low-income countries, colistin is considered a last resort antimicrobial to treat CPE infections, whose most worrisome mechanism of resistance is MCR-1 production. This study aims to understand the epidemiology of colistin resistance in CPE in the region, through the surveillance of the <em>mcr-1</em> gene in CPE isolates in Ecuador. A total of 361 CPE isolates were collected across three periods, from 2016 to 2022. Colistin resistance was assessed using the broth microdilution method and the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding genes and the <em>mcr-1</em> gene were studied. Colistin resistance rate increased from 3.76% to 23.74% during the study period. The <em>mcr-1</em> gene was not identified in any of the isolates studied and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> <em>bla</em><sub>KPC</sub> was the most prevalent microorganism (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->322; 89.20%). In conclusion, colistin resistance increased in CPE in Ecuador and was not mediated by the <em>mcr-1</em> gene. Our results highlight the need to closely monitor national politics on antimicrobial resistance under the One Health Approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.001
Eduardo Montalvo, Florencia Veiga, Hernán Rodríguez, German Traglia, Carlos Vay, Marisa Almuzara
Aeromonas spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause both intra- and extraintestinal infections. The objective of this work was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a collection of Aeromonas strains, in addition to determining their sensitivity to different antimicrobials. Thirty seven isolates were analyzed. 54% were of intra-abdominal origin, 22% from skin and soft tissues, 19% from the bloodstream, among other less frequent sites. By amplification and sequencing of the gyrB gene, which was considered the reference method, the following were identified: 37,8% as species of the Aeromonas hydrophila complex, 32,4% as species of the Aeromonas veronii complex, and 29,7% as species of the complex Aeromonas caviae. Identification by traditional biochemical tests presented a better correlation with molecular identification than mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). Regarding antibiotic sensitivity, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin showed activity on more than 80.0% of the isolates tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the phenotypic methods to determine the presence of carbapenemases in relation to the detection of the cphAgene, the reference method, was 60,9% and 100%, respectively, for the colorimetric assay (Blue Carba), and of 91,3% and 50,0% respectively, for the modified Hodge test. The overall resistance to colistin was 32,4%. The automated method showed a very higher error (VME) of 16,2%, while the rapid colorimetric screening method (CRTc) showed an excellent correlation (VME 0%) with the reference method, broth microdilution.
{"title":"[Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. in a University Hospital in the city of Buenos Aires].","authors":"Eduardo Montalvo, Florencia Veiga, Hernán Rodríguez, German Traglia, Carlos Vay, Marisa Almuzara","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aeromonas spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause both intra- and extraintestinal infections. The objective of this work was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a collection of Aeromonas strains, in addition to determining their sensitivity to different antimicrobials. Thirty seven isolates were analyzed. 54% were of intra-abdominal origin, 22% from skin and soft tissues, 19% from the bloodstream, among other less frequent sites. By amplification and sequencing of the gyrB gene, which was considered the reference method, the following were identified: 37,8% as species of the Aeromonas hydrophila complex, 32,4% as species of the Aeromonas veronii complex, and 29,7% as species of the complex Aeromonas caviae. Identification by traditional biochemical tests presented a better correlation with molecular identification than mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). Regarding antibiotic sensitivity, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin showed activity on more than 80.0% of the isolates tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the phenotypic methods to determine the presence of carbapenemases in relation to the detection of the cphAgene, the reference method, was 60,9% and 100%, respectively, for the colorimetric assay (Blue Carba), and of 91,3% and 50,0% respectively, for the modified Hodge test. The overall resistance to colistin was 32,4%. The automated method showed a very higher error (VME) of 16,2%, while the rapid colorimetric screening method (CRTc) showed an excellent correlation (VME 0%) with the reference method, broth microdilution.</p>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.011
Bahareh Nowruzi, Hassan Beiranvand
Fusarium wilt of cucumber, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, is a major plant disease that causes significant economic losses. The extensive use of chemical fungicides for its control poses environmental and health risks. Due to growing concerns about the detrimental effects of chemical fungicides, finding safe and effective bio-based alternatives for plant disease control is of high importance. In this study, the potential of Neowestiellopsis persica A1387 cyanobacterial metabolites as a promising substitute for chemical fungicides in controlling this disease was investigated. The antifungal activity of N. persica A1387 cyanobacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) extract was evaluated against F. oxysporum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Cucumber plants infected with the fungus were treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract and then assessed for disease severity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and growth parameters. Both biomass and EPS extracts of N. persica A1387 cyanobacteria significantly increased the diameter of the F. oxysporum growth inhibition zone under in vitro conditions. Treatment with cyanobacterial EPS extract resulted in increased dry and fresh weight of stem and roots, and a significant reduction in disease severity and percentage in F. oxysporum-infected plants. Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase enzyme activities in fungus-infected plants treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract were significantly lower on day 42 of infection compared to untreated and infected control plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of N. persica A1387 cyanobacterial extracts as natural and safe alternatives to chemical fungicides for controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt disease.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo study of the antifungal activity of extracellular products of cyanobacterium Neowestiellopsis persica strain A1387 against Fusarium wilt disease of cucumber.","authors":"Bahareh Nowruzi, Hassan Beiranvand","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium wilt of cucumber, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, is a major plant disease that causes significant economic losses. The extensive use of chemical fungicides for its control poses environmental and health risks. Due to growing concerns about the detrimental effects of chemical fungicides, finding safe and effective bio-based alternatives for plant disease control is of high importance. In this study, the potential of Neowestiellopsis persica A1387 cyanobacterial metabolites as a promising substitute for chemical fungicides in controlling this disease was investigated. The antifungal activity of N. persica A1387 cyanobacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) extract was evaluated against F. oxysporum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Cucumber plants infected with the fungus were treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract and then assessed for disease severity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and growth parameters. Both biomass and EPS extracts of N. persica A1387 cyanobacteria significantly increased the diameter of the F. oxysporum growth inhibition zone under in vitro conditions. Treatment with cyanobacterial EPS extract resulted in increased dry and fresh weight of stem and roots, and a significant reduction in disease severity and percentage in F. oxysporum-infected plants. Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase enzyme activities in fungus-infected plants treated with cyanobacterial EPS extract were significantly lower on day 42 of infection compared to untreated and infected control plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of N. persica A1387 cyanobacterial extracts as natural and safe alternatives to chemical fungicides for controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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