Hezuo Liu, Xiaorong Chen, Minhui Huang, Xiaomin Yu, Ye Gan, Ji Wang, Qiujin Chen, Zhipeng Nie, Haijing Ge
Objectives: The association between screen time and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been controversial. This study sheds light on the contentious correlation between screen time and ADHD.
Content: Until August 2022, electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were carried out. The combined effect value odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated for the meta-analysis using Stata 12.0. There were 81,234 children in the nine studies that made up this meta-analysis which included 28,997 children with ADHD and 52,237 healthy controls. When compared with the screen time <2 h/d, the OR (95 % CI) value of screen time and ADHD in the screen time ≥2 h/d group was 1.51 (1.20-1.90).
Summary and outlook: Based on the current meta-analysis results, our study found a positive correlation between screen time and the risk of ADHD. Excessive screen exposure may significantly contribute to the development of ADHD in children. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce screen time per day in children to prevent the occurrence of ADHD.
目的:屏幕时间与注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)之间的关系一直存在争议。这项研究揭示了屏幕时间与多动症之间有争议的相关性。内容:直到2022年8月,PubMed, Embase和Web of Science数据库的电子搜索都在进行。使用Stata 12.0计算meta分析的综合效应值优势比(OR)和95 %置信区间(95 % CI)。在这项荟萃分析的9项研究中,有81234名儿童参与,其中包括28997名多动症儿童和52237名健康对照。总结与展望:根据目前的荟萃分析结果,我们的研究发现屏幕时间与ADHD风险呈正相关。过度的屏幕暴露可能会显著促进儿童多动症的发展。因此,有必要减少儿童每天的屏幕时间,以防止ADHD的发生。
{"title":"Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Hezuo Liu, Xiaorong Chen, Minhui Huang, Xiaomin Yu, Ye Gan, Ji Wang, Qiujin Chen, Zhipeng Nie, Haijing Ge","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2022-0262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2022-0262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The association between screen time and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been controversial. This study sheds light on the contentious correlation between screen time and ADHD.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Until August 2022, electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were carried out. The combined effect value odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated for the meta-analysis using Stata 12.0. There were 81,234 children in the nine studies that made up this meta-analysis which included 28,997 children with ADHD and 52,237 healthy controls. When compared with the screen time <2 h/d, the OR (95 % CI) value of screen time and ADHD in the screen time ≥2 h/d group was 1.51 (1.20-1.90).</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>Based on the current meta-analysis results, our study found a positive correlation between screen time and the risk of ADHD. Excessive screen exposure may significantly contribute to the development of ADHD in children. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce screen time per day in children to prevent the occurrence of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Alvarado-Jiménez, Gabriele Donzelli, María Morales-Suárez-Varela
Particulate matter (PM) is considered an intrauterine toxin that can cross the blood-placental barrier and circulate in fetal blood, affecting fetal development, and implicating placental and intrauterine inflammation, and oxidative damage. However, the relationship between PM exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes is still unclear and our aim was to systematically review toxicological evidence on the link between PM exposure during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. PubMed and Science Direct were searched until January 2022. Of the 204 studies identified, 168 were excluded. The remaining articles were assessed in full-text, and after evaluation, 27 were included in the review. Most of the studies showed an association between PM exposure and gestational hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity of baseline concentrations, which ranged from 3.3 μg/m3 to 85.9 μg/m3 and from 21.8 μg/m3 to 92.2 μg/m3, respectively for PM2.5 and PM10. Moreover, critical exposure periods were not consistent among studies, with five out of ten observational studies reporting the second trimester as the critical period for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and ten out of twelve observational studies reporting the first or second trimester as the critical period for gestational diabetes mellitus. Overall, the findings support an association between PM exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need for further research to identify the critical exposure periods and underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"A systematic review on the association between exposure to air particulate matter during pregnancy and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Daniela Alvarado-Jiménez, Gabriele Donzelli, María Morales-Suárez-Varela","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2022-0258","DOIUrl":"10.1515/reveh-2022-0258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter (PM) is considered an intrauterine toxin that can cross the blood-placental barrier and circulate in fetal blood, affecting fetal development, and implicating placental and intrauterine inflammation, and oxidative damage. However, the relationship between PM exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes is still unclear and our aim was to systematically review toxicological evidence on the link between PM exposure during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. PubMed and Science Direct were searched until January 2022. Of the 204 studies identified, 168 were excluded. The remaining articles were assessed in full-text, and after evaluation, 27 were included in the review. Most of the studies showed an association between PM exposure and gestational hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity of baseline concentrations, which ranged from 3.3 μg/m<sup>3</sup> to 85.9 μg/m<sup>3</sup> and from 21.8 μg/m<sup>3</sup> to 92.2 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively for PM2.5 and PM10. Moreover, critical exposure periods were not consistent among studies, with five out of ten observational studies reporting the second trimester as the critical period for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and ten out of twelve observational studies reporting the first or second trimester as the critical period for gestational diabetes mellitus. Overall, the findings support an association between PM exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need for further research to identify the critical exposure periods and underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to needle needles daily. Despite individual studies, there is no statistics on the prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries (NSIs) have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and causes of unreported NSIs among HCWs.
Content: In present systematic review and meta-analysis study, three international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The random model was used to determine the prevalence of unreported needle stick among HCWs.
Summary and outlook: Forty-one studies performed on 19,635 health care workers entered the final stage. Based-on random effect model, pooled prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries was 59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7; I2=98.9%). The most common cause of unreported NSIs was: They were not worried about NSIs (n=12). The high prevalence of unreported needle sticks injuries indicates the urgency and necessity of paying attention to strategies to improve reporting among health workers.
目的:卫生保健工作者(HCWs)每天都暴露于针头。尽管有单独的研究,但没有关于未报告的针头刺伤(nsi)发生率的统计数据。本研究旨在确定卫生保健工作者中未报告的nsi的患病率和原因。内容:本系统综述和荟萃分析研究检索了Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed三个国际数据库,检索时间为2000年1月1日至2018年12月31日。采用随机模型确定卫生保健工作者中未报告的扎针率。总结与展望:对19635名卫生保健工作者进行的41项研究进入最后阶段。基于随机效应模型,未报告的针刺伤总发生率为59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7;I2 = 98.9%)。未报告的nsi最常见的原因是:他们不担心nsi (n=12)。未报告的针扎伤发生率很高,这表明迫切需要关注改善卫生工作者报告情况的战略。
{"title":"Prevalence and causes of unreported needle stick injuries among health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Razieh Behzadmehr, Abbas Balouchi, Mehran Hesaraki, Farshid Alazmani Noodeh, Hosein Rafiemanesh, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Fateme Behmaneshpour, Maliheh Rahdar, Majid Dastres, Shahaboddin Atharyan, Maryam Jahantigh, Frood Malekshahi","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to needle needles daily. Despite individual studies, there is no statistics on the prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries (NSIs) have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and causes of unreported NSIs among HCWs.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>In present systematic review and meta-analysis study, three international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The random model was used to determine the prevalence of unreported needle stick among HCWs.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>Forty-one studies performed on 19,635 health care workers entered the final stage. Based-on random effect model, pooled prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries was 59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7; I2=98.9%). The most common cause of unreported NSIs was: They were not worried about NSIs (n=12). The high prevalence of unreported needle sticks injuries indicates the urgency and necessity of paying attention to strategies to improve reporting among health workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9102729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 'alarm clock' for human beings in the era of climate medicine has rung. Original diseases have appeared, that could not be explained and attributed to common causes, which are suggested to be linked to global warming and environmental factors. Such an indolent disease is the chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu), introduced also as Mesoamerican or Uddanam nephropathy. Scientists equate the climate impact on kidneys with the canary in the coal mine; coal miners used to carry caged canaries with them, so that if poisonous gases, such as methane or carbon monoxide leaked into the mine-shaft, the gases would kill the canary before killing the miners; similarly, kidneys are injured before devastating and lethal complications occur in humans. In some regions of Central America, the deaths due to chronic kidney disease increased by 177% with a death toll being as high as over 20,000. It was first documented in animals that periodic heat and dehydration have a major role in causing chronic kidney disease. Based on that observation, it is advocated that young male agricultural workers in Central America and South Asia, develop renal disease by getting exposed to extreme heat repeatedly. The clinico-pathological characteristics of this type of kidney injury, do not belong to an existing classification, even though a form of tubulo-interstitial renal disease has been proposed. In this review, we will discuss about CKDu, its epidemiology and pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation and diagnostic biomarkers and examine potential therapeutic options.
{"title":"\"Failing kidneys in a failing planet; CKD of unknown origin\".","authors":"Eleni Geladari, Natalia Vallianou, Charalampia Geladari, Konstantinos Aronis, Konstantinos Vlachos, Emmanuel Andreadis, Ioannis Theocharopoulos, Spyros Dourakis","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 'alarm clock' for human beings in the era of climate medicine has rung. Original diseases have appeared, that could not be explained and attributed to common causes, which are suggested to be linked to global warming and environmental factors. Such an indolent disease is the chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu), introduced also as Mesoamerican or Uddanam nephropathy. Scientists equate the climate impact on kidneys with the canary in the coal mine; coal miners used to carry caged canaries with them, so that if poisonous gases, such as methane or carbon monoxide leaked into the mine-shaft, the gases would kill the canary before killing the miners; similarly, kidneys are injured before devastating and lethal complications occur in humans. In some regions of Central America, the deaths due to chronic kidney disease increased by 177% with a death toll being as high as over 20,000. It was first documented in animals that periodic heat and dehydration have a major role in causing chronic kidney disease. Based on that observation, it is advocated that young male agricultural workers in Central America and South Asia, develop renal disease by getting exposed to extreme heat repeatedly. The clinico-pathological characteristics of this type of kidney injury, do not belong to an existing classification, even though a form of tubulo-interstitial renal disease has been proposed. In this review, we will discuss about CKDu, its epidemiology and pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation and diagnostic biomarkers and examine potential therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"125-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9089045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaotong Yang, Gongquan Xu, Xiaolong Liu, Guiming Zhou, Bing Zhang, Fan Wang, Lingjuan Wang, Bin Li, Liming Li
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are ubiquitous in our daily lives because of the outstanding physicochemical properties. CNMs play curial parts in industrial and medical fields, however, the risks of CNMs exposure to human health are still not fully understood. In view of, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of the toxicity of CNMs. With the increasing exploitation of CNMs, it's necessary to evaluate the potential impact of these materials on human health. In recent years, more and more researches have shown that CNMs are contributed to the cancer formation and metastasis after long-term exposure through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) which is associated with cancer progression and invasion. This review discusses CNMs properties and applications in industrial and medical fields, adverse effects on human health, especially the induction of tumor initiation and metastasis through EMT and CSCs procedure.
{"title":"Carbon nanomaterial-involved EMT and CSC in cancer.","authors":"Xiaotong Yang, Gongquan Xu, Xiaolong Liu, Guiming Zhou, Bing Zhang, Fan Wang, Lingjuan Wang, Bin Li, Liming Li","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are ubiquitous in our daily lives because of the outstanding physicochemical properties. CNMs play curial parts in industrial and medical fields, however, the risks of CNMs exposure to human health are still not fully understood. In view of, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of the toxicity of CNMs. With the increasing exploitation of CNMs, it's necessary to evaluate the potential impact of these materials on human health. In recent years, more and more researches have shown that CNMs are contributed to the cancer formation and metastasis after long-term exposure through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) which is associated with cancer progression and invasion. This review discusses CNMs properties and applications in industrial and medical fields, adverse effects on human health, especially the induction of tumor initiation and metastasis through EMT and CSCs procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10840360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human exposure to a hot environment may result in various heat-related illnesses (HRIs), which range in severity from mild and moderate forms to life-threatening heatstroke. The Hajj is one of the largest annual mass gatherings globally and has historically been associated with HRIs. Hajj attracts over two million Muslim pilgrims from more than 180 countries to the holy city of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors render Hajj pilgrims at increased risk of developing HRIs during Hajj. These include characteristics of the Hajj, its location, population, and rituals, as well as pilgrims' knowledge of HRIs and their attitude and behavior. Makkah is characterized by a hot desert climate and fluctuating levels of relative humidity. Pilgrims are very diverse ethnically and geographically, with different adaptations to heat. Significant proportions of the Hajj population are elderly, obese, and with low levels of fitness. In addition, many have underlying health conditions and are on multiple medications that can interfere with thermoregulation. Other factors are inherent in the Hajj and its activities, including crowding, physically demanding outdoor rituals, and a high frequency of infection and febrile illness. Pilgrims generally lack awareness of HRIs, and their uptake of preventive measures is variable. In addition, many engage in hazardous behaviors that increase their risk of HRIs. These include performing rituals during the peak sunshine hours with no sun protection and with suboptimal sleep, nutrition, and hydration, while neglecting treatment for their chronic conditions. HRIs preventive plans for Hajj should incorporate measures to address the aforementioned factors to reduce the burden of these illnesses in future Hajj seasons. Lessons from the Hajj can be used to inform policy making and HRIs preventive measures in the general population worldwide.
{"title":"Risk factors for heat-related illnesses during the Hajj mass gathering: an expert review.","authors":"Saber Yezli","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human exposure to a hot environment may result in various heat-related illnesses (HRIs), which range in severity from mild and moderate forms to life-threatening heatstroke. The Hajj is one of the largest annual mass gatherings globally and has historically been associated with HRIs. Hajj attracts over two million Muslim pilgrims from more than 180 countries to the holy city of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors render Hajj pilgrims at increased risk of developing HRIs during Hajj. These include characteristics of the Hajj, its location, population, and rituals, as well as pilgrims' knowledge of HRIs and their attitude and behavior. Makkah is characterized by a hot desert climate and fluctuating levels of relative humidity. Pilgrims are very diverse ethnically and geographically, with different adaptations to heat. Significant proportions of the Hajj population are elderly, obese, and with low levels of fitness. In addition, many have underlying health conditions and are on multiple medications that can interfere with thermoregulation. Other factors are inherent in the Hajj and its activities, including crowding, physically demanding outdoor rituals, and a high frequency of infection and febrile illness. Pilgrims generally lack awareness of HRIs, and their uptake of preventive measures is variable. In addition, many engage in hazardous behaviors that increase their risk of HRIs. These include performing rituals during the peak sunshine hours with no sun protection and with suboptimal sleep, nutrition, and hydration, while neglecting treatment for their chronic conditions. HRIs preventive plans for Hajj should incorporate measures to address the aforementioned factors to reduce the burden of these illnesses in future Hajj seasons. Lessons from the Hajj can be used to inform policy making and HRIs preventive measures in the general population worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10851221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Arribas, Isabel Escobar, Antonio Martinez-Plaza, Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez
In this letter, we present some comments related to Pall's publication, in which Pall states that the electric field disappears after a few centimeters and that the magnetic field continues progressing within the studied material.
{"title":"Comment on Martin L. Pall \"Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics\", Rev Environ Health, 2021.","authors":"Enrique Arribas, Isabel Escobar, Antonio Martinez-Plaza, Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this letter, we present some comments related to Pall's publication, in which Pall states that the electric field disappears after a few centimeters and that the magnetic field continues progressing within the studied material.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10857286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaheen Akhlaq, Shabnam Anjum Ara, Bilal Ahmad, Mohammad Fazil, Usama Akram, Merajul Haque, Asim Ali Khan
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article aims to discuss the impact of air quality on human health, measures to achieve the goal of good indoor air quality and proposed benefits of interventions of Unani Medicine with an evidence-based approach.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>The significance of air quality on the health of the community cannot be denied. Recent evidences from WHO illustrated data on severe air pollutants and their impacts on human health ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory ailments including lung carcinoma and heart disease associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. In Unani Medicine, air has been included in the list of factors, which are six in number and play the central role in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Air is considered as the medium of most of the extrinsic factors such as chemical and biological pollutants affecting health and their exposure results in short and long-term health issues. The literature of Unani Medicine proposes many simple and effective measures, which help to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. The goal of outdoor clean air is achieved through implementation of measures to tackle the source of pollution, while indoor clean air is attained through various means e.g., fumigation with herbal drugs. Hence, an extensive literature survey on Unani reserve was conducted to collect information about the concept of air discussed under the heading of six essential factors and its implication in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Further, research databases such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct were broadly searched for evidence on the efficacy of herbals mentioned in Unani literature for the indoor air purification and subsequent air quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>Recent studies showed good air quality leads to decrease in mortality, particularly of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths whereas poor air quality results in a variety of diseases. Unani scholars prescribed several regimens such as <i>Bukhoor</i> (Fumigation), <i>Sa'oot</i> (Nasal instillation) and use of <i>Abeer</i> (Perfumes) and <i>Nadd</i> (Incense) for the improvement of air quality. Likewise various herbal fumigants and sprays containing drugs like mī'a sā'ila (<i>Liquidambar orientalis</i> Mill.), mastagi (<i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> L.), mushk (<i>Moschus moschiferus</i> L.), loban (<i>Styrax benzoides</i> W. G. Craib), ābnoos (<i>Diospyros ebenum</i> J. Koenig ex Retz), zā'fran (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.) and sirka (vinegar) etc. has been well explained and used exclusively for air purification and improvement of AQI. Therefore, in the present scenario of altered air quality, we forward certain measures described in Unani system of medicine for health promotion and protection. Scientific evidence on several drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may p
目的:本文旨在讨论空气质量对人体健康的影响,实现良好室内空气质量目标的措施,以及以循证方法提出的Unani医学干预措施的好处。内容:空气质量对社会健康的重要性是不容否认的。世卫组织最近提供的证据说明了关于严重空气污染物及其对人类健康影响的数据,范围从轻微的上呼吸道刺激到慢性呼吸道疾病,包括与过早死亡和预期寿命缩短有关的肺癌和心脏病。在《乌纳尼医学》中,空气被列入六项因素清单,在预防疾病和保持健康方面发挥核心作用。空气被认为是影响健康的大多数外在因素(如化学和生物污染物)的媒介,接触这些因素会导致短期和长期的健康问题。Unani Medicine的文献提出了许多简单有效的措施,有助于改善室内和室外空气质量。室外清洁空气的目标是通过实施措施来解决污染源,而室内清洁空气是通过各种手段来实现的,例如用草药熏蒸。因此,对Unani保护区进行了广泛的文献调查,以收集有关在“六个基本因素”标题下讨论的空气概念及其在预防疾病和保持健康方面的含义的信息。此外,在Pub Med、Google Scholar和Science-Direct等研究数据库中广泛搜索了Unani文献中提到的草药对室内空气净化和随后空气质量改善的功效的证据。摘要与展望:最近的研究表明,良好的空气质量导致死亡率下降,特别是呼吸系统和心血管疾病死亡率下降,而空气质量差导致各种疾病。Unani学者提出了几种改善空气质量的方法,如Bukhoor(熏蒸)、Sa'oot(鼻灌)和使用Abeer(香水)和Nadd(熏香)。同样,各种草药熏蒸剂和喷雾剂含有的药物,如m 'a sawa 'ila (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus L.),麝香(Moschus moschiferus L.), loban (Styrax benzoides w.g. Craib), ābnoos (Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig ex Retz), zha 'fran (Crocus sativus L.)和sirka(醋)等,已经被很好地解释并专门用于空气净化和改善AQI。因此,在目前空气质量改变的情况下,我们提出了Unani医学系统中描述的促进和保护健康的某些措施。一些药物的科学证据揭示了一些药理活性物质的存在,这可能为净化空气提供新的途径。
{"title":"Interventions of Unani medicine for maintenance of health with special reference to air quality: an evidence-based review.","authors":"Shaheen Akhlaq, Shabnam Anjum Ara, Bilal Ahmad, Mohammad Fazil, Usama Akram, Merajul Haque, Asim Ali Khan","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article aims to discuss the impact of air quality on human health, measures to achieve the goal of good indoor air quality and proposed benefits of interventions of Unani Medicine with an evidence-based approach.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>The significance of air quality on the health of the community cannot be denied. Recent evidences from WHO illustrated data on severe air pollutants and their impacts on human health ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory ailments including lung carcinoma and heart disease associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. In Unani Medicine, air has been included in the list of factors, which are six in number and play the central role in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Air is considered as the medium of most of the extrinsic factors such as chemical and biological pollutants affecting health and their exposure results in short and long-term health issues. The literature of Unani Medicine proposes many simple and effective measures, which help to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. The goal of outdoor clean air is achieved through implementation of measures to tackle the source of pollution, while indoor clean air is attained through various means e.g., fumigation with herbal drugs. Hence, an extensive literature survey on Unani reserve was conducted to collect information about the concept of air discussed under the heading of six essential factors and its implication in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Further, research databases such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct were broadly searched for evidence on the efficacy of herbals mentioned in Unani literature for the indoor air purification and subsequent air quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>Recent studies showed good air quality leads to decrease in mortality, particularly of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths whereas poor air quality results in a variety of diseases. Unani scholars prescribed several regimens such as <i>Bukhoor</i> (Fumigation), <i>Sa'oot</i> (Nasal instillation) and use of <i>Abeer</i> (Perfumes) and <i>Nadd</i> (Incense) for the improvement of air quality. Likewise various herbal fumigants and sprays containing drugs like mī'a sā'ila (<i>Liquidambar orientalis</i> Mill.), mastagi (<i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> L.), mushk (<i>Moschus moschiferus</i> L.), loban (<i>Styrax benzoides</i> W. G. Craib), ābnoos (<i>Diospyros ebenum</i> J. Koenig ex Retz), zā'fran (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.) and sirka (vinegar) etc. has been well explained and used exclusively for air purification and improvement of AQI. Therefore, in the present scenario of altered air quality, we forward certain measures described in Unani system of medicine for health promotion and protection. Scientific evidence on several drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may p","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9414894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure to hazardous air pollutants is identified as most obvious premature mortality factors in the world. Numerous epidemiological studies have estimated exposure to air pollutants may cause pulmonary toxicity and the incidence of respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and asthma. The currently research was performed to evaluation the association between gaseous pollutants and lung function in healthy adults. Articles related to this study were selected from researches of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2,644 articles were retrieved and 39 records were reviewed after removing duplicates and excluding irrelevant studies. The result of this systematic review indicated that there is some evidence on decreasing lung function with exposure to gaseous air pollutants (NO2, SO2, and O3) which can have negative effects on human health. Although according to the evidence changes in lung function are mostly linked to the exposure to environmental pollutants including CO, O3, NO2 and SO2, the results should be interpreted with caution considering some following issues discussed in this review. Therefore, further studies are required considering well-designed studies in large scales to strengthen the evidence.
接触有害空气污染物被确定为世界上最明显的过早死亡因素。许多流行病学研究估计,接触空气污染物可能导致肺毒性和呼吸系统疾病的发病率,包括慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性支气管炎和哮喘。目前的研究是为了评估气态污染物与健康成人肺功能之间的关系。与本研究相关的文章选自Scopus、PubMed和Web of Science数据库的研究。共检索2644篇文献,剔除重复和不相关研究后,对39篇文献进行了回顾。本系统综述的结果表明,有一些证据表明,暴露于气态空气污染物(NO2、SO2和O3)会降低肺功能,对人体健康产生负面影响。虽然根据证据,肺功能的变化主要与暴露于环境污染物(包括CO, O3, NO2和SO2)有关,但考虑到本文讨论的一些问题,应谨慎解释这些结果。因此,需要进一步的研究,考虑设计良好的大尺度研究,以加强证据。
{"title":"Exposure to ambient gaseous air pollutants and adult lung function: a systematic review.","authors":"Kazhal Masroor, Mansour Shamsipour, Ramin Mehrdad, Farzad Fanaei, Mina Aghaei, Masud Yunesian","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to hazardous air pollutants is identified as most obvious premature mortality factors in the world. Numerous epidemiological studies have estimated exposure to air pollutants may cause pulmonary toxicity and the incidence of respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and asthma. The currently research was performed to evaluation the association between gaseous pollutants and lung function in healthy adults. Articles related to this study were selected from researches of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2,644 articles were retrieved and 39 records were reviewed after removing duplicates and excluding irrelevant studies. The result of this systematic review indicated that there is some evidence on decreasing lung function with exposure to gaseous air pollutants (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub>) which can have negative effects on human health. Although according to the evidence changes in lung function are mostly linked to the exposure to environmental pollutants including CO, O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>, the results should be interpreted with caution considering some following issues discussed in this review. Therefore, further studies are required considering well-designed studies in large scales to strengthen the evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"137-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10848030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a systematic review of the evidence linking housing and health. This involved a review of 59 peer-reviewed journal papers, that included case studies on the health impacts of housing and were published in English, in the past decade (2010-2020). Our systematic review of the literature suggested most of the research on the health impacts of housing employed quantitative methodology, were conducted in the Global North and were published in Medical and Health Sciences journals. Research findings demonstrated four key areas through which housing impacts health: neighbourhood or context, physical building, housing market and housing policy. This paper provides valuable information to researchers for future research directions on the associations between housing and health and to decision-makers and planners for planning healthy cities.
{"title":"A decade of research on housing and health: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Sara Alidoust, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2021-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides a systematic review of the evidence linking housing and health. This involved a review of 59 peer-reviewed journal papers, that included case studies on the health impacts of housing and were published in English, in the past decade (2010-2020). Our systematic review of the literature suggested most of the research on the health impacts of housing employed quantitative methodology, were conducted in the Global North and were published in Medical and Health Sciences journals. Research findings demonstrated four key areas through which housing impacts health: neighbourhood or context, physical building, housing market and housing policy. This paper provides valuable information to researchers for future research directions on the associations between housing and health and to decision-makers and planners for planning healthy cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"45-64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10851484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}