Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.11
LA Nama, Hjm Altameme
The family Cactaceae comprises many genera, has taxonomic controversies at the species level, and yet has not been studied at the genetic level in Iraq. The presented study focused on species genotyping based on the RAPD-PCR method. The classification of six species, i.e., Hylocereus undatus, Aloe vera, Opuntia ficus-indica, Espostoa guentheri, Echinocactus grusonii, and Mammillaria elongata, ensued based on phenotypic characters to determine their precise taxonomic names and evaluate kinship by constructing the phylogeny tree RAPD-PCR. The short oligo primers showed the highest polymorphic bands (100%), with no monomorphic and basal bands correlated among these species. This highly polymorphic relationship indicated that each species has a superior identity and unique evolutionary trend. The oligo primers were considered productive by showing highly distinct and sharp bands, while others showed faint bands. This research confirmed the efficacy of RAPD primers in measuring polymorphism, comparing genotypes, and identifying Cacti species using specialized RAPD markers.
{"title":"GENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOME GENERA OF THE FAMILY CACTACEAE","authors":"LA Nama, Hjm Altameme","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The family Cactaceae comprises many genera, has taxonomic controversies at the species level, and yet has not been studied at the genetic level in Iraq. The presented study focused on species genotyping based on the RAPD-PCR method. The classification of six species, i.e., Hylocereus undatus, Aloe vera, Opuntia ficus-indica, Espostoa guentheri, Echinocactus grusonii, and Mammillaria elongata, ensued based on phenotypic characters to determine their precise taxonomic names and evaluate kinship by constructing the phylogeny tree RAPD-PCR. The short oligo primers showed the highest polymorphic bands (100%), with no monomorphic and basal bands correlated among these species. This highly polymorphic relationship indicated that each species has a superior identity and unique evolutionary trend. The oligo primers were considered productive by showing highly distinct and sharp bands, while others showed faint bands. This research confirmed the efficacy of RAPD primers in measuring polymorphism, comparing genotypes, and identifying Cacti species using specialized RAPD markers.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.29
T. Rahayu, Suparti, A. Asngad, S. Widyayanti, Kristamtini, Y. Sidiq
Three bacterial isolates selected as plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) from “Klutuk” banana (Musa balbisiana L.) gained scrutiny for first-time testing on black rice. The presented study pursued an investigation on the impact of endophytic bacteria inoculation obtained from “Klutuk” banana plants on the growth and production traits of black rice. For this research, the three bacterial isolates (K10, K324, and K111) served as inoculums for black rice seeds, testing for synergism. The three isolates inoculation into black rice plants used both single and consortium inoculation methods. With agar media, black rice growth observation began 14 days after plantation (DAP) while on soil, at 30 and 140 DAP with inoculation. Three isolates did not show any antagonistic reactions. Overall, isolate K10 showed less significant improvement in growth and yield traits of black rice compared with two other isolates, i.e., K324 and K111. With agar media, the endophytic bacteria inoculations did not show a significant effect on the growth of black rice, and even isolate K324 was inhibiting in action. However, on soil media, isolate K324 significantly enhanced the number of roots and shoot length in black rice compared with the control at 30 DAP. The single inoculation with isolate K111 has caused increased productivity based on the weight of the root, dry grain weight per clum, plant height, root length, leaf length, and panicle length in black rice. Isolate K324 promotes the growth of black rice on the soil media at 30 DAP, while isolate K111 improves the production traits on the soil media at 140 DAP. The study findings provide a significant basis for the positive impact of endophytic bacterial inoculation on black rice growth and yield traits.
{"title":"ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM BANANA PLANT IMPROVES THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BLACK RICE PLANT","authors":"T. Rahayu, Suparti, A. Asngad, S. Widyayanti, Kristamtini, Y. Sidiq","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Three bacterial isolates selected as plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) from “Klutuk” banana (Musa balbisiana L.) gained scrutiny for first-time testing on black rice. The presented study pursued an investigation on the impact of endophytic bacteria inoculation obtained from “Klutuk” banana plants on the growth and production traits of black rice. For this research, the three bacterial isolates (K10, K324, and K111) served as inoculums for black rice seeds, testing for synergism. The three isolates inoculation into black rice plants used both single and consortium inoculation methods. With agar media, black rice growth observation began 14 days after plantation (DAP) while on soil, at 30 and 140 DAP with inoculation. Three isolates did not show any antagonistic reactions. Overall, isolate K10 showed less significant improvement in growth and yield traits of black rice compared with two other isolates, i.e., K324 and K111. With agar media, the endophytic bacteria inoculations did not show a significant effect on the growth of black rice, and even isolate K324 was inhibiting in action. However, on soil media, isolate K324 significantly enhanced the number of roots and shoot length in black rice compared with the control at 30 DAP. The single inoculation with isolate K111 has caused increased productivity based on the weight of the root, dry grain weight per clum, plant height, root length, leaf length, and panicle length in black rice. Isolate K324 promotes the growth of black rice on the soil media at 30 DAP, while isolate K111 improves the production traits on the soil media at 140 DAP. The study findings provide a significant basis for the positive impact of endophytic bacterial inoculation on black rice growth and yield traits.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41952616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.28
DS Hanafiah, K. Lubis, Haryati, H. Setiado, G. Damanik, M. Limbong, F. Silaen, Joshua, A. Lestami
A three-way cross is an artificial cross performed to assemble superior cultivars for increased soybean production. The presented study aims to evaluate the percentage of success in the single cross and three-way cross of soybean genotypes to enhance the genetic variability in the base population of the genetic material. The genetic material comprises three soybean cultivars, i.e., Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega-1. The three-way cross design operation made various crosses. Parameters observed were plant morphology, percentage of cross success and seed formation in pods, number of seeds in pod, and the total seed weight. The results showed a relatively high (57.14%) success rate for the cross Grobogan × Anjasmoro, producing numerous one-seeded and two-seeded pods and 30 seeds per plant with a total weight of 5.4 g. However, the success rate in three-way cross (F1 descent [Grobogan × Anjasmoro] × Dega-1) was medium (35.37%). The results of crossing the three genotypes of parents will greatly determine soybean variability.
{"title":"ASSEMBLY OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES DEVELOPED THROUGH THREE-WAY CROSS","authors":"DS Hanafiah, K. Lubis, Haryati, H. Setiado, G. Damanik, M. Limbong, F. Silaen, Joshua, A. Lestami","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"A three-way cross is an artificial cross performed to assemble superior cultivars for increased soybean production. The presented study aims to evaluate the percentage of success in the single cross and three-way cross of soybean genotypes to enhance the genetic variability in the base population of the genetic material. The genetic material comprises three soybean cultivars, i.e., Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega-1. The three-way cross design operation made various crosses. Parameters observed were plant morphology, percentage of cross success and seed formation in pods, number of seeds in pod, and the total seed weight. The results showed a relatively high (57.14%) success rate for the cross Grobogan × Anjasmoro, producing numerous one-seeded and two-seeded pods and 30 seeds per plant with a total weight of 5.4 g. However, the success rate in three-way cross (F1 descent [Grobogan × Anjasmoro] × Dega-1) was medium (35.37%). The results of crossing the three genotypes of parents will greatly determine soybean variability.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44582986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.13
Jahangir Ahmad, M. Zulkiffal, J. Anwar, A. Ahsan, MH Tanveer, S. Ajmal, M. Sarwar, H. Shair, MM Javaid, M. Makhdoom, M. Saleem, M. Nadeem, R. Shahzad
Developing high-yielding wheat varieties tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses is a challenge wheat breeder currently face. Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has released 65 wheat varieties, including MH-21, for several zones since its establishment in 1906. MH-21, with the varietal code V-12304, gave 11.2% and 10.28% more grain yield than the check variety (Faisalabad-08), respectively, in preliminary (2011–2012) and regular yield trials (2012–2013). Then, testing it in outstation yield trials proceeded over 21 locations in Punjab province (2013–2014) and 18 locations all over Pakistan (2014–2015, 2017–2018, and 2019– 2020) for yield and disease constancy, simultaneous with agronomic field trials and quality lab testing during 2014–2018 and 2014–2016, respectively. It exhibited an amber seed color, semi-erect growth habit at booting, erect flag leaf attitude, hairiness auricle, awned yellowish ear, and elevated shoulder and beak shape of glumes traits. DNA fingerprinting of MH-21 ensued to compare its genetic background with previously registered 21 wheat varieties. Given the promising stable performance in multi-locations over the years for better grain yield, nutritional quality, and resistance against rusts, the Punjab Seed Council approved V12304 in 2021 with the name „MH-21‟ for general cultivation in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan.
{"title":"'MH-21,' A NOVEL HIGH-YIELDING AND RUSTS RESISTANT BREAD WHEAT VARIETY FOR IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"Jahangir Ahmad, M. Zulkiffal, J. Anwar, A. Ahsan, MH Tanveer, S. Ajmal, M. Sarwar, H. Shair, MM Javaid, M. Makhdoom, M. Saleem, M. Nadeem, R. Shahzad","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Developing high-yielding wheat varieties tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses is a challenge wheat breeder currently face. Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has released 65 wheat varieties, including MH-21, for several zones since its establishment in 1906. MH-21, with the varietal code V-12304, gave 11.2% and 10.28% more grain yield than the check variety (Faisalabad-08), respectively, in preliminary (2011–2012) and regular yield trials (2012–2013). Then, testing it in outstation yield trials proceeded over 21 locations in Punjab province (2013–2014) and 18 locations all over Pakistan (2014–2015, 2017–2018, and 2019– 2020) for yield and disease constancy, simultaneous with agronomic field trials and quality lab testing during 2014–2018 and 2014–2016, respectively. It exhibited an amber seed color, semi-erect growth habit at booting, erect flag leaf attitude, hairiness auricle, awned yellowish ear, and elevated shoulder and beak shape of glumes traits. DNA fingerprinting of MH-21 ensued to compare its genetic background with previously registered 21 wheat varieties. Given the promising stable performance in multi-locations over the years for better grain yield, nutritional quality, and resistance against rusts, the Punjab Seed Council approved V12304 in 2021 with the name „MH-21‟ for general cultivation in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.1
Ecj Fernandez, Jpp Nuñez, R. Gardoce, Anc Manohar, RM Bajaro, DV Lantican
Accurate data and relevant insights on parental corn inbred lines' and hybrids’ genetic purity and diversity are essential for hybrid development and seed production. Here, the genetic purity and diversity of 19 parental yellow corn inbred lines were assessed using SSR markers. A total of 91 SSR markers were utilized, of which 61 were highly polymorphic and had high polymorphism information content value (PIC = 0.379). Genetic purity and diversity parameters were calculated from the generated SSR marker data. Observed pairwise genetic distances ranging from 0.257 to 0.808 implied high genetic dissimilarities among the accessions. Cluster analysis separated the parental lines into three distinct subclusters, which can potentially be a basis for generating heterotic groupings among the parental lines. Eight (8) out of the 19 parental lines showed considerable residual heterozygosity of ≤10%. Inbred line CML 431 displayed complete homozygosity across all 61 SSR markers. Inbred lines that have residual heterozygosity of >15% need purification through further breeding and selection. Out of the resultant F1 hybrids analyzed, only four (4) showed genetic impurity of ≤10%. It may be attributed to the intrinsic genetic impurity of parental line CML 452 (21.67%). In contrast, hybrids generated from two genetically pure parents (e.g., CML 431 and CML 575) showed low to no off-types. Overall, genetic purity and diversity determination of promising parental lines can be valuable for future yellow corn breeding programs in the Philippines.
{"title":"GENETIC PURITY AND DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF PARENTAL CORN INBRED LINES USING SSR MARKERS FOR PHILIPPINE HYBRID BREEDING","authors":"Ecj Fernandez, Jpp Nuñez, R. Gardoce, Anc Manohar, RM Bajaro, DV Lantican","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate data and relevant insights on parental corn inbred lines' and hybrids’ genetic purity and diversity are essential for hybrid development and seed production. Here, the genetic purity and diversity of 19 parental yellow corn inbred lines were assessed using SSR markers. A total of 91 SSR markers were utilized, of which 61 were highly polymorphic and had high polymorphism information content value (PIC = 0.379). Genetic purity and diversity parameters were calculated from the generated SSR marker data. Observed pairwise genetic distances ranging from 0.257 to 0.808 implied high genetic dissimilarities among the accessions. Cluster analysis separated the parental lines into three distinct subclusters, which can potentially be a basis for generating heterotic groupings among the parental lines. Eight (8) out of the 19 parental lines showed considerable residual heterozygosity of ≤10%. Inbred line CML 431 displayed complete homozygosity across all 61 SSR markers. Inbred lines that have residual heterozygosity of >15% need purification through further breeding and selection. Out of the resultant F1 hybrids analyzed, only four (4) showed genetic impurity of ≤10%. It may be attributed to the intrinsic genetic impurity of parental line CML 452 (21.67%). In contrast, hybrids generated from two genetically pure parents (e.g., CML 431 and CML 575) showed low to no off-types. Overall, genetic purity and diversity determination of promising parental lines can be valuable for future yellow corn breeding programs in the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41765101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.20
Rzh Kushanova, AA Baidyussen, G. Sereda, S. Jatayev, TG Sereda
The presented study comprehensively assessed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hybrid populations of F3– F5 generations, comparing with the standard barley cultivars, Karagaydinckiy-5 and Astana-2000. The crossing of isolated barley cultivars of the international collection (obtained from Australia) proceeded under intense continental climatic conditions of Northern and Central Kazakhstan. Barley promising selected populations, i.e., Macguarie × Arna, Flinders × Tselinniy golozerniy, and Flinders × Omskiy golozerniy, showed early maturity (79–83 days), superior plant height (34.4–69.5 cm), and enhanced 1000-grain weight (56.6 g, 56.4 g, and 58.0 g, respectively), and populations, viz., Buloke × Karagandinckiy-6, Fathom × Donezckiy-9, and Onslow × Karabalykckiy-43, for productivity (1 m2) at 184 g, 116.4 g, and 140.1 g, respectively. Identified in the study were the correlation of productivity and its structural elements, particularly the grain weight per ear (r = 0.486) and grain weight per plant (r = 0.828), mainly determining grain productivity. The determination of structural features variation showed a significant excess (more than 20%) with varying levels. The level of variability of grain mass per plant has shown in hybrid lines, i.e., Fathom × Karagandinckiy-5, Onslow × Karagandinckiy-10, Admiral × Karabalykckiy-150, and Admiral × Donezckiy-9. In grains, the protein content ranged from 10.45% to 16.63%, and the excess over the standard cultivar resulted in the hybrid lines Franklin × Sabir (16.63%), Anodolu-86 × Donezckiy-8 (16.04%), and Flinders × Omskiy golozerniy (15.31%). Based on an average of the study years, the drought-resistant and highproductivity hybrid lines were Buloke × Karagadinckiy-6, Fathom × Donezckiy-9, Onslow × Karabalykckiy-43, Onslow × (Karagandinckiy-5 × Аrna), Bass × Karabalykckiy-150, Granal × CMB93H-805-F-1Y-1M-OY-17TRS-OAP, and Granal × CMB89A-380-1M-OGH-105GH-1B-1OY-OAP- 19AP-OAP. These promising genotypes can benefit the development of drought-resistant and highyielding barley cultivars through future breeding programs under prevailing environmental conditions.
{"title":"SPRING BARLEY HYBRIDS ASSESSMENT FOR BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC FEATURES UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Rzh Kushanova, AA Baidyussen, G. Sereda, S. Jatayev, TG Sereda","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study comprehensively assessed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hybrid populations of F3– F5 generations, comparing with the standard barley cultivars, Karagaydinckiy-5 and Astana-2000. The crossing of isolated barley cultivars of the international collection (obtained from Australia) proceeded under intense continental climatic conditions of Northern and Central Kazakhstan. Barley promising selected populations, i.e., Macguarie × Arna, Flinders × Tselinniy golozerniy, and Flinders × Omskiy golozerniy, showed early maturity (79–83 days), superior plant height (34.4–69.5 cm), and enhanced 1000-grain weight (56.6 g, 56.4 g, and 58.0 g, respectively), and populations, viz., Buloke × Karagandinckiy-6, Fathom × Donezckiy-9, and Onslow × Karabalykckiy-43, for productivity (1 m2) at 184 g, 116.4 g, and 140.1 g, respectively. Identified in the study were the correlation of productivity and its structural elements, particularly the grain weight per ear (r = 0.486) and grain weight per plant (r = 0.828), mainly determining grain productivity. The determination of structural features variation showed a significant excess (more than 20%) with varying levels. The level of variability of grain mass per plant has shown in hybrid lines, i.e., Fathom × Karagandinckiy-5, Onslow × Karagandinckiy-10, Admiral × Karabalykckiy-150, and Admiral × Donezckiy-9. In grains, the protein content ranged from 10.45% to 16.63%, and the excess over the standard cultivar resulted in the hybrid lines Franklin × Sabir (16.63%), Anodolu-86 × Donezckiy-8 (16.04%), and Flinders × Omskiy golozerniy (15.31%). Based on an average of the study years, the drought-resistant and highproductivity hybrid lines were Buloke × Karagadinckiy-6, Fathom × Donezckiy-9, Onslow × Karabalykckiy-43, Onslow × (Karagandinckiy-5 × Аrna), Bass × Karabalykckiy-150, Granal × CMB93H-805-F-1Y-1M-OY-17TRS-OAP, and Granal × CMB89A-380-1M-OGH-105GH-1B-1OY-OAP- 19AP-OAP. These promising genotypes can benefit the development of drought-resistant and highyielding barley cultivars through future breeding programs under prevailing environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42714859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.25
M. Asif, M. Safdar, N. Akhtar, S. Gul, M. Javed, N. Raza, I. Haq, U. Saleem, M. Aslam
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a globally prominent oil seed. Sulfur is a vital nutrient that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of crop plants. Compared with other crops, oilseed crops require more sulfur for their role in oil biosynthesis and as an essential constituent of amino acids, vitamins, proteins, and enzyme structure. Its deficiency results in poor utilization of NPK and, ultimately, crop reduction in yield and quality. Hence, the study investigated the effect of different levels of sulfur on the harvest and quality attributes of various sunflower hybrids. The experiment comprised four sulfur levels (0, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg per ha) and four sunflower hybrids coded as C124 × RH344, C112 × RSIN82, C116 × RH344, and C208 × RH445. The recorded data underwent analysis statistically using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique, and treatment means comparison followed Tukey’s honest significant difference test (HSD) at a 5% probability level. The results showed maximum plant height at maturity (75.80 cm), head diameter (17.90 cm), leaf area per plant (2,309.21 mm2), 100-achene weight (10.60 g), achene yield (2,806.61 kg ha-1), harvest index (26.58%), and oil content (48.46%), while minimum days to flower initiation (40.33 days) were evident when sowing hybrid C124 × RH344 with an application of 20 kg per ha sulfur.
{"title":"SULFUR APPLICATION IMPROVES THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) HYBRIDS","authors":"M. Asif, M. Safdar, N. Akhtar, S. Gul, M. Javed, N. Raza, I. Haq, U. Saleem, M. Aslam","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a globally prominent oil seed. Sulfur is a vital nutrient that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of crop plants. Compared with other crops, oilseed crops require more sulfur for their role in oil biosynthesis and as an essential constituent of amino acids, vitamins, proteins, and enzyme structure. Its deficiency results in poor utilization of NPK and, ultimately, crop reduction in yield and quality. Hence, the study investigated the effect of different levels of sulfur on the harvest and quality attributes of various sunflower hybrids. The experiment comprised four sulfur levels (0, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg per ha) and four sunflower hybrids coded as C124 × RH344, C112 × RSIN82, C116 × RH344, and C208 × RH445. The recorded data underwent analysis statistically using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique, and treatment means comparison followed Tukey’s honest significant difference test (HSD) at a 5% probability level. The results showed maximum plant height at maturity (75.80 cm), head diameter (17.90 cm), leaf area per plant (2,309.21 mm2), 100-achene weight (10.60 g), achene yield (2,806.61 kg ha-1), harvest index (26.58%), and oil content (48.46%), while minimum days to flower initiation (40.33 days) were evident when sowing hybrid C124 × RH344 with an application of 20 kg per ha sulfur.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48697289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.33
A. Hassan
The presented trial carried out at the District Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, Iraq, assessed the effects of three planting dates (15 October, 05, and 25 November 2018) and four levels of organic fertilizer (0, 150, 250, and 350 kg ha-1) on the seed yield and chemical composition of the goat pea (Securigera securidaca L.). The experiment in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement had three replications. The results showed that the 15 October planting was significantly superior in the percentage and yield of oil and the total content of phenols and glycosides, which amounted to 3.86%, 14.17 kg ha-1, 1.23 mg g-1, and 29.44 mg g-1, respectively. The organic fertilizer treatment, 350 kg ha-1, proved superior and provided the highest oil yield (14.48 kg ha-1), while organic fertilizer, 250 kg ha-1, was higher in the oil content (3.90%) and phenols (1.21 mg g-1). The interaction between 15 October planting and organic fertilizer, 250 kg ha-1, revealed a significant increase in oil percentage and the total content of phenols and glycosides, which amounted to 4.01%, 1.24 mg g-1, and 29.68 mg g-1, respectively. However, the interaction of the 15 October planting with organic fertilizer, 350 kg ha-1, was superior in the oil yield (15.23 kg ha-1).
提交的审判在伊拉克迪亚拉省巴古巴区进行，评估了三个种植日期（2018年10月15日、5日和11月25日）和四种有机肥水平（0、150、250和350 kg ha-1）对山羊豌豆（Securigera securidaca L.）种子产量和化学成分的影响。该实验采用因子安排的随机完全区组设计，进行了三次重复。结果表明，10月15日种植在含油率和产量以及酚类和糖苷类总含量方面显著优于10月15号种植，分别为3.86%、14.17 kg ha-1、1.23 mg g-1和29.44 mg g-1。350 kg ha-1的有机肥处理效果较好，产油量最高（14.48 kg ha-1），而250 kg ha-1有机肥的含油量（3.90%）和酚类（1.21 mg g-1）较高。10月15日种植与250 kg ha-1有机肥之间的相互作用显示，油脂百分比和酚类和糖苷类总含量显著增加，分别达到4.01%、1.24 mg g-1和29.68 mg g-1。然而，10月15日种植的有机肥350 kg ha-1的交互作用在产油量（15.23 kg ha-1）方面更为优越。
{"title":"GOAT PEA (SECURIGERA SECURIDACA L.) SEED YIELD AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IMPROVEMENT THROUGH CROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES","authors":"A. Hassan","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"The presented trial carried out at the District Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, Iraq, assessed the effects of three planting dates (15 October, 05, and 25 November 2018) and four levels of organic fertilizer (0, 150, 250, and 350 kg ha-1) on the seed yield and chemical composition of the goat pea (Securigera securidaca L.). The experiment in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement had three replications. The results showed that the 15 October planting was significantly superior in the percentage and yield of oil and the total content of phenols and glycosides, which amounted to 3.86%, 14.17 kg ha-1, 1.23 mg g-1, and 29.44 mg g-1, respectively. The organic fertilizer treatment, 350 kg ha-1, proved superior and provided the highest oil yield (14.48 kg ha-1), while organic fertilizer, 250 kg ha-1, was higher in the oil content (3.90%) and phenols (1.21 mg g-1). The interaction between 15 October planting and organic fertilizer, 250 kg ha-1, revealed a significant increase in oil percentage and the total content of phenols and glycosides, which amounted to 4.01%, 1.24 mg g-1, and 29.68 mg g-1, respectively. However, the interaction of the 15 October planting with organic fertilizer, 350 kg ha-1, was superior in the oil yield (15.23 kg ha-1).","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45409976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.2
MH Kaleri, W. A. Jatoi, M. Baloch, SN Mari, S. Memon, S. Khanzada, L. Rajput, K. Lal
The climate is continuously changing, consequently increasing the drought-affected areas. As such, it challenges breeders to develop adaptive and drought-tolerant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars through evaluation and inducing genes tolerant to drought. Hence, the recent study aimed to assess the sunflower hybrids during 2019–2020 under well-watered and stressed conditions in a splitplot design with four replications at the Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. The observed data determined heterotic effects among 15 F1 hybrids for days to 75% flowering, days to 75% maturity, stem diameter, head diameter, biological yield plant-1, seeds head-1, seed index, and seed yield plant-1. The mean squares due to genotypes, treatments, and genotype by treatment were significant for all the traits, which exhibited that genotypes performed significantly across the environments for the above-cited traits. The F1 hybrids, such as, Mehran × Pehawar-93, gave maximum negative heterotic effects for phonological traits which will benefit the development of short-duration sunflower hybrids. Further, F1 hybrids like Thatta × UC-666 displayed higher heterotic effects for head diameter, stem diameter, number of seeds plant-1, seed index, and biological plant-1 and PSF-025 × B2 and HO.1 × B2 gave higher heterotic effects for the number of seeds head-1 and seed yield plant-1 under stress environment.
{"title":"HETEROTIC EFFECTS IN SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS FOR EARLINESS AND YIELD TRAITS UNDER WELL-WATERED AND STRESSED CONDITIONS","authors":"MH Kaleri, W. A. Jatoi, M. Baloch, SN Mari, S. Memon, S. Khanzada, L. Rajput, K. Lal","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The climate is continuously changing, consequently increasing the drought-affected areas. As such, it challenges breeders to develop adaptive and drought-tolerant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars through evaluation and inducing genes tolerant to drought. Hence, the recent study aimed to assess the sunflower hybrids during 2019–2020 under well-watered and stressed conditions in a splitplot design with four replications at the Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. The observed data determined heterotic effects among 15 F1 hybrids for days to 75% flowering, days to 75% maturity, stem diameter, head diameter, biological yield plant-1, seeds head-1, seed index, and seed yield plant-1. The mean squares due to genotypes, treatments, and genotype by treatment were significant for all the traits, which exhibited that genotypes performed significantly across the environments for the above-cited traits. The F1 hybrids, such as, Mehran × Pehawar-93, gave maximum negative heterotic effects for phonological traits which will benefit the development of short-duration sunflower hybrids. Further, F1 hybrids like Thatta × UC-666 displayed higher heterotic effects for head diameter, stem diameter, number of seeds plant-1, seed index, and biological plant-1 and PSF-025 × B2 and HO.1 × B2 gave higher heterotic effects for the number of seeds head-1 and seed yield plant-1 under stress environment.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49376897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.26
Azs Rinaldi, Nurainas, Syamsuardi
Pinus merkusii is a potential wood that naturally grows in Central Sumatra (Kerinci) and North Sumatra (Aceh and Tapanuli), Indonesia. The Kerinci landrace has a different morphology from the other two Sumatran Pinus landraces, namely, Aceh and Tapanuli, but its placement is at the same taxonomic level. Hence, additional characters need evaluation to validate taxa on P. merkusii landrace belonging to Kerinci. This study aims to identify differences in genetic characters between Kerinci and Aceh (Rao and TAHURA [Taman Hutan Raya]) landraces using SRAP for long-term use and future conservation. DNA extraction ran from the leaves of 24 individual trees belonging to three populations of P. merkusii, i.e., one naturally occurring population in Kerinci and the two cultivated populaces found in Rao and TAHURA, Indonesia. Using seven SRAP combination primers, the analysis revealed an immense variety of alleles (bands). Overall, the amplification produced 62 bands, with nine, on average, per primary pair. However, most bands were polymorphic (91.79%), and only 0.57% were monomorphic. With 45% informative bands, the Kerinci landrace has the highest band variation. A combination of primer C (Me1 + Em3) at 900 bp and primer I (Me3 + Em1) at 1050 bp band size indicated specific bands that served as molecular characteristics. A crucial molecular characteristic distinguishes the landraces of P. merkusii found in Kerinci and other populations in Rao and TAHURA, Indonesia. The study revealed superior genetic variation among the P. merkusii populations evaluated.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF PINUS MERKUSII LANDRACE BELONGING TO KERINCI - WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA, USING SEQUENCE-RELATED AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM (SRAP) TECHNIQUE","authors":"Azs Rinaldi, Nurainas, Syamsuardi","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus merkusii is a potential wood that naturally grows in Central Sumatra (Kerinci) and North Sumatra (Aceh and Tapanuli), Indonesia. The Kerinci landrace has a different morphology from the other two Sumatran Pinus landraces, namely, Aceh and Tapanuli, but its placement is at the same taxonomic level. Hence, additional characters need evaluation to validate taxa on P. merkusii landrace belonging to Kerinci. This study aims to identify differences in genetic characters between Kerinci and Aceh (Rao and TAHURA [Taman Hutan Raya]) landraces using SRAP for long-term use and future conservation. DNA extraction ran from the leaves of 24 individual trees belonging to three populations of P. merkusii, i.e., one naturally occurring population in Kerinci and the two cultivated populaces found in Rao and TAHURA, Indonesia. Using seven SRAP combination primers, the analysis revealed an immense variety of alleles (bands). Overall, the amplification produced 62 bands, with nine, on average, per primary pair. However, most bands were polymorphic (91.79%), and only 0.57% were monomorphic. With 45% informative bands, the Kerinci landrace has the highest band variation. A combination of primer C (Me1 + Em3) at 900 bp and primer I (Me3 + Em1) at 1050 bp band size indicated specific bands that served as molecular characteristics. A crucial molecular characteristic distinguishes the landraces of P. merkusii found in Kerinci and other populations in Rao and TAHURA, Indonesia. The study revealed superior genetic variation among the P. merkusii populations evaluated.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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