Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-04
Dilipkumar Masilamany, Erwan Shah Shari, Nurul Nahar Esa, Site Noorzuraini Abd Rahman, Tse Seng Chuah
Weedy rice poses a formidable challenge in rice cultivation due to its genetic similarity to cultivated rice, making selective herbicides less effective in controlling it without causing harm to the cultivated rice. The potential use of pre-emergent herbicides before rice sowing to inhibit emergence and growth of weedy rice seedlings in the soil remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the responses of weedy rice towards selected pre-emergent herbicides under different soil water conditions and to identify the optimal timing for rice seed sowing following the application of pre-emergent herbicide to the soil under glasshouse conditions. The results showed that oxadiazon and pretilachlor at 500 g ai ha-1 exhibited higher reductions in weedy rice density and dry weight compared to those given by pendimethalin. Under saturated soil conditions, oxadiazon demonstrated 79 and 80% reductions whereas pretilachlor gave 50 and 59% reductions in weedy rice density and dry weight, respectively. By contrast, under flooded soil conditions both oxadiazon and pretilachlor resulted in complete inhibition of weedy rice. The study showed that delaying rice seed sowing for at least six days after application of pretilachlor or oxadiazon effectively minimized phytotoxic effects on rice. These findings provide valuable insights on the impact of soil water conditions when applying pretilachlor and oxadiazon for effective weedy rice control in direct-seeded rice systems.
由于杂草稻与栽培稻的基因相似，因此选择性除草剂在控制杂草稻的同时又不会对栽培稻造成伤害，因此杂草稻给水稻种植带来了严峻的挑战。在水稻播种前使用萌发前除草剂来抑制杂草稻苗在土壤中萌发和生长的可能性仍是未知数。因此，本研究旨在评估杂草水稻在不同土壤水分条件下对所选萌芽前除草剂的反应，并确定在玻璃温室条件下向土壤施用萌芽前除草剂后播种水稻的最佳时机。结果表明，与戊唑醇相比，施用 500 g ai ha-1 的噁草松和丙草胺对杂草稻密度和干重的降低幅度更大。在饱和土壤条件下，噁唑草酮能减少 79% 和 80% 的杂草密度和干重，而丙草胺能减少 50% 和 59% 的杂草密度和干重。相比之下，在淹水土壤条件下，唑草酮和前草胺都能完全抑制杂草稻。研究表明，在施用前草胺或唑草酮后，水稻种子播种时间至少推迟六天，可有效减少对水稻的植物毒性影响。这些发现为在直播水稻系统中施用前草胺和氧化乐果以有效控制杂草水稻时土壤水分条件的影响提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Inhibition of Pre-Emergent Herbicide on Weedy Rice under Flooded and Saturated Soil Conditions in Rice","authors":"Dilipkumar Masilamany, Erwan Shah Shari, Nurul Nahar Esa, Site Noorzuraini Abd Rahman, Tse Seng Chuah","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-04","url":null,"abstract":"Weedy rice poses a formidable challenge in rice cultivation due to its genetic similarity to cultivated rice, making selective herbicides less effective in controlling it without causing harm to the cultivated rice. The potential use of pre-emergent herbicides before rice sowing to inhibit emergence and growth of weedy rice seedlings in the soil remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the responses of weedy rice towards selected pre-emergent herbicides under different soil water conditions and to identify the optimal timing for rice seed sowing following the application of pre-emergent herbicide to the soil under glasshouse conditions. The results showed that oxadiazon and pretilachlor at 500 g ai ha-1 exhibited higher reductions in weedy rice density and dry weight compared to those given by pendimethalin. Under saturated soil conditions, oxadiazon demonstrated 79 and 80% reductions whereas pretilachlor gave 50 and 59% reductions in weedy rice density and dry weight, respectively. By contrast, under flooded soil conditions both oxadiazon and pretilachlor resulted in complete inhibition of weedy rice. The study showed that delaying rice seed sowing for at least six days after application of pretilachlor or oxadiazon effectively minimized phytotoxic effects on rice. These findings provide valuable insights on the impact of soil water conditions when applying pretilachlor and oxadiazon for effective weedy rice control in direct-seeded rice systems.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-12
Rizafizah Othaman, Sharifah Edeyatul Qhusrah Syed Othman, N. Jon, Zaitun Ghazali, Mohd Firdaus Mohd Yusoff, Diyana Kamarudin
Kewujudan pewarna metilena biru (MB) dalam persekitaran akuatik merupakan satu ancaman alam sekitar yang menjadi isu di seluruh dunia. Struktur aromatik yang kompleks, sifat hidrofilik dan kestabilan MB menjadikannya sukar untuk disingkirkan menggunakan proses rawatan air konvensional. Kaedah fotomangkin menggunakan nanozarah TiO2 dan ZnO2 dapat mendegradasikan MB. Namun, kelemahan TiO2 sebagai fotomangkin ialah jurang jalur tenaga yang besar, memerlukan tenaga yang tinggi seperti sinaran ultra, penggabungan semula pasangan lubang elektron yang menyebabkan fotoaktiviti berkurang dan sukar digunakan dalam bentuk serbuk. Dalam kajian ini, nanozarah TiO2 diubah suai dengan argentum, Ag dan dipegunkan ke atas membran poliakrilonitril (PAN) untuk merawat MB. Fotomangkin Ag/TiO2 disintesis melalui kaedah sintesis hijau menggunakan ekstrak daun Beko (Oroxylum indicum) yang berfungsi sebagai agen penurunan dan penstabil. Fotomangkin yang terhasil dipegunkan pada permukaan membran PAN dengan kaedah penyalutan celupan dalam kepekatan larutan yang berbeza (0.2, 0.6 dan 1.0 g/L). Kesan penambahan fotomangkin Ag/TiO2 kepada sifat fizikokimia dan morfologi membran dicirikan. Kecekapan fotodegradasi sampel membran dinilai melalui fotodegradasi MB dalam keadaan optimum di bawah sinaran cahaya tampak. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan struktur nanozarah TiO2 adalah dalam fasa anatas bersesuaian sebagai fotomangkin. Membran PAN yang dicelup dalam larutan Ag/TiO2 berkepekatan 1.0 g/L menunjukkan peratusan fotodegradasi MB yang paling tinggi sebanyak 74.52% dengan jurang jalur tenaga membran sebanyak 2.19 eV. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa membran PAN disalut Ag/TiO2 merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang berkesan bagi menyingkirkan MB di bawah cahaya tampak. Kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada teknologi rawatan air pada masa hadapan disebabkan kaedah sintesis yang mesra alam dan rawatan air yang lebih berkesan.
水生环境中存在的亚甲基蓝（MB）染料是一种环境危害，正在成为一个全球性问题。甲基溴具有复杂的芳香结构、亲水性和稳定性，因此很难通过传统的水处理工艺将其去除。使用 TiO2 和 ZnO2 纳米粒子的光机械方法可以降解甲基溴。然而，TiO2 作为光敏剂的缺点是能量路径间隙大，需要高能量（如超辐照），电子-空穴对的重组导致光活性降低，并且难以以粉末形式使用。在这项研究中，TiO2 纳米粒子经银修饰后被固定在聚丙烯腈（PAN）膜上，用于处理甲基溴。Ag/TiO2光芒果皮是通过绿色合成法合成的，使用的是作为还原剂和稳定剂的Beko（Oroxylum indicum）叶提取物。在不同浓度（0.2、0.6 和 1.0 g/L）的溶液中，通过浸涂法将得到的光芒果皮固定在 PAN 膜表面。表征了添加 Ag/TiO2 光芒果对膜的理化性质和形态的影响。在可见光的最佳条件下，通过光降解甲基溴评估了膜样品的光降解效率。XRD 衍射图显示，TiO2 纳米结构处于与光芒金相应的锐钛矿相中。在 Ag/TiO2 溶液（浓度为 1.0 g/L）中染色的 PAN 膜对甲基溴的光降解率最高，达到 74.52%，膜能径间隙为 2.19 eV。由此可以得出结论，涂覆 Ag/TiO2 的 PAN 膜是在可见光下去除甲基溴的有效方法之一。这项研究采用了自然友好的合成方法，能更有效地进行水处理，因而有助于未来水处理技术的发展。
{"title":"Imobilisasi Nanopartikel Ag/TiO2 Ekstrak Beko pada Membran Fotomangkin Poliakrilonitril (PAN) untuk Penyingkiran Pewarna Metilena Biru","authors":"Rizafizah Othaman, Sharifah Edeyatul Qhusrah Syed Othman, N. Jon, Zaitun Ghazali, Mohd Firdaus Mohd Yusoff, Diyana Kamarudin","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-12","url":null,"abstract":"Kewujudan pewarna metilena biru (MB) dalam persekitaran akuatik merupakan satu ancaman alam sekitar yang menjadi isu di seluruh dunia. Struktur aromatik yang kompleks, sifat hidrofilik dan kestabilan MB menjadikannya sukar untuk disingkirkan menggunakan proses rawatan air konvensional. Kaedah fotomangkin menggunakan nanozarah TiO2 dan ZnO2 dapat mendegradasikan MB. Namun, kelemahan TiO2 sebagai fotomangkin ialah jurang jalur tenaga yang besar, memerlukan tenaga yang tinggi seperti sinaran ultra, penggabungan semula pasangan lubang elektron yang menyebabkan fotoaktiviti berkurang dan sukar digunakan dalam bentuk serbuk. Dalam kajian ini, nanozarah TiO2 diubah suai dengan argentum, Ag dan dipegunkan ke atas membran poliakrilonitril (PAN) untuk merawat MB. Fotomangkin Ag/TiO2 disintesis melalui kaedah sintesis hijau menggunakan ekstrak daun Beko (Oroxylum indicum) yang berfungsi sebagai agen penurunan dan penstabil. Fotomangkin yang terhasil dipegunkan pada permukaan membran PAN dengan kaedah penyalutan celupan dalam kepekatan larutan yang berbeza (0.2, 0.6 dan 1.0 g/L). Kesan penambahan fotomangkin Ag/TiO2 kepada sifat fizikokimia dan morfologi membran dicirikan. Kecekapan fotodegradasi sampel membran dinilai melalui fotodegradasi MB dalam keadaan optimum di bawah sinaran cahaya tampak. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan struktur nanozarah TiO2 adalah dalam fasa anatas bersesuaian sebagai fotomangkin. Membran PAN yang dicelup dalam larutan Ag/TiO2 berkepekatan 1.0 g/L menunjukkan peratusan fotodegradasi MB yang paling tinggi sebanyak 74.52% dengan jurang jalur tenaga membran sebanyak 2.19 eV. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa membran PAN disalut Ag/TiO2 merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang berkesan bagi menyingkirkan MB di bawah cahaya tampak. Kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada teknologi rawatan air pada masa hadapan disebabkan kaedah sintesis yang mesra alam dan rawatan air yang lebih berkesan.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-05
Rahmadany Leonita, S. Sismanto, Marjiyono Marjiyono
Demak Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia stands out among the regencies for its rapid development and regional growth, leading to a significant reliance on groundwater. This is thought to be caused by low precipitation and the geological characteristics of Demak Regency, which is mostly located on alluvial plains. To address these concerns, this study aimed to pinpoint regions vulnerable to ground fractures resulting from excessive groundwater extraction compounded by seismic activity. The research encompassed 191 locations, including 177 single station microtremor measurement points and 14 array microtremor measurement points. Single station microtremor measurements utilized the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method, while array measurements employed the Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC) method. Ground shear strain values spanning from 32.12 × 10-6 - 96.39 × 10-6. Notably, areas exhibiting heightened values are concentrated in Wonosalam Subdistrict and the Southwest of Karangtengah Subdistrict. The morphology of the bedrock within the study area tends to mirror the sedimentary layer's thickness, reflecting relatively minimal surface height discrepancies at the measurement points. Vulnerability to fissures resulting from excessive groundwater extraction and seismic activity is concentrated on the north side of Wonosalam District, the eastern sector of Demak District, and a small section of Mijen District.
{"title":"Microtremor Analysis to Identify Fissure Vulnerable Zones in Demak, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Rahmadany Leonita, S. Sismanto, Marjiyono Marjiyono","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-05","url":null,"abstract":"Demak Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia stands out among the regencies for its rapid development and regional growth, leading to a significant reliance on groundwater. This is thought to be caused by low precipitation and the geological characteristics of Demak Regency, which is mostly located on alluvial plains. To address these concerns, this study aimed to pinpoint regions vulnerable to ground fractures resulting from excessive groundwater extraction compounded by seismic activity. The research encompassed 191 locations, including 177 single station microtremor measurement points and 14 array microtremor measurement points. Single station microtremor measurements utilized the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method, while array measurements employed the Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC) method. Ground shear strain values spanning from 32.12 × 10-6 - 96.39 × 10-6. Notably, areas exhibiting heightened values are concentrated in Wonosalam Subdistrict and the Southwest of Karangtengah Subdistrict. The morphology of the bedrock within the study area tends to mirror the sedimentary layer's thickness, reflecting relatively minimal surface height discrepancies at the measurement points. Vulnerability to fissures resulting from excessive groundwater extraction and seismic activity is concentrated on the north side of Wonosalam District, the eastern sector of Demak District, and a small section of Mijen District.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-08
Nur Zahirah Abd. Jalil, Z. Berahim, N. Zakaria, M. Omar, R. Rosle, Mohd Razi Ismail, Nik Norasma Che´Ya, Anas Abdul Latiff, W. F. Fazlil Ilahi, Lola Gandjaeva
Rice is the most consumed food in the world, mainly in Asia and Africa. Malaysia is the second-largest rice importer in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. However, rice yield is limited by water stress. One alternative for a quicker strategy to mitigate water stress is through a combination of foliar spermine application and efficient rice management practices via image monitoring techniques using drone technology. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of spermine on rice physiological response and its association with aerial imagery and yield under reproductive during reproductive stage under water stress. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a two-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), with foliar spermine treatment as the first factor and water stress as the second factor. Physiological parameters showed significantly higher tiller number per pot and photosynthesis rate by 29% and 31%, respectively. Correspondingly, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using aerial imagery monitoring showed an increased value in spermine treatments by 2% compared to control. Furthermore, NDVI readings and photosynthetic rate were positively correlated linearly with R2= 0.51. Interestingly, spermine treatments alleviated water stress effects by 40%, 17% and 12% in grain weight per pot, grain number per panicle and percentage filled grain. Biomass partitioning in roots improved by 44% in spermine treatments, even under water stress, due to an efficient translocation of assimilates. In conclusion, spermine foliar application significantly improved growth, grain filling and rice yield production, which was also supported by NDVI values using aerial imagery monitoring.
{"title":"Rice Response to Spermine Foliar Application and Its Association with Aerial Imagery Monitoring Under Water Stress Conditions","authors":"Nur Zahirah Abd. Jalil, Z. Berahim, N. Zakaria, M. Omar, R. Rosle, Mohd Razi Ismail, Nik Norasma Che´Ya, Anas Abdul Latiff, W. F. Fazlil Ilahi, Lola Gandjaeva","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-08","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the most consumed food in the world, mainly in Asia and Africa. Malaysia is the second-largest rice importer in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. However, rice yield is limited by water stress. One alternative for a quicker strategy to mitigate water stress is through a combination of foliar spermine application and efficient rice management practices via image monitoring techniques using drone technology. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of spermine on rice physiological response and its association with aerial imagery and yield under reproductive during reproductive stage under water stress. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a two-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), with foliar spermine treatment as the first factor and water stress as the second factor. Physiological parameters showed significantly higher tiller number per pot and photosynthesis rate by 29% and 31%, respectively. Correspondingly, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using aerial imagery monitoring showed an increased value in spermine treatments by 2% compared to control. Furthermore, NDVI readings and photosynthetic rate were positively correlated linearly with R2= 0.51. Interestingly, spermine treatments alleviated water stress effects by 40%, 17% and 12% in grain weight per pot, grain number per panicle and percentage filled grain. Biomass partitioning in roots improved by 44% in spermine treatments, even under water stress, due to an efficient translocation of assimilates. In conclusion, spermine foliar application significantly improved growth, grain filling and rice yield production, which was also supported by NDVI values using aerial imagery monitoring.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-15
Rafidah Abd Rahman, Chin Hua Chia, Noor Azlina Masdor
Nanozarah zink oksida (ZnO NP) telah diubah suai melalui pengisaran bebola untuk mengkaji kesan saiz zarah pada sifat dan prestasi bahan. Pengisaran serbuk ZnO komersial selama 6 dan 12 jam telah menghasilkan ZnO NP dengan purata saiz antara 13.2-36.5 nm. Pelbagai teknik pencirian termasuk spektroskopi UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, TEM dan analisis potensi Zeta telah digunakan untuk menentukan morfologi zarah nano, struktur hablur, kestabilan dan sifat optik. Aktiviti fotomangkin terhadap degradasi metilena biru adalah lebih rendah untuk ZnO NP yang dikisar berbanding dengan ZnO NP tulen di bawah sinaran UV. Ujian antibakteria menggunakan kaedah resapan cakera agar menunjukkan zon perencatan terbesar terhadap patogen tumbuhan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae untuk ZnO NP tulen pada 100 mg/mL diikuti dengan ZnO NP yang dikisar 6 jam dan 12 jam. Ujian ketoksikan embrio ikan zebra menunjukkan penurunan kemandirian, kadar penetasan, kadar degupan jantung dan peningkatan kecacatan morfologi dan kematian yang bergantung kepada dos dan masa apabila terdedah kepada sampel ZnO NP. Kajian ini menunjukkan ketoksikan ZnO NP terhadap embrio ikan zebra dan fotomangkin adalah bergantung kepada saiz walaupun ujian antibakteria tidak dipengaruhi oleh saiz ZnO NP. Penemuan ini menunjukkan kepentingan pengoptimuman saiz nanozarah untuk aplikasi yang dikehendaki.
{"title":"Peranan Saiz Zarah Nano Zink Oksida Dalam Prestasi Pemangkinan Foto, Perencatan Bakteria dan Ketoksikan","authors":"Rafidah Abd Rahman, Chin Hua Chia, Noor Azlina Masdor","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-15","url":null,"abstract":"Nanozarah zink oksida (ZnO NP) telah diubah suai melalui pengisaran bebola untuk mengkaji kesan saiz zarah pada sifat dan prestasi bahan. Pengisaran serbuk ZnO komersial selama 6 dan 12 jam telah menghasilkan ZnO NP dengan purata saiz antara 13.2-36.5 nm. Pelbagai teknik pencirian termasuk spektroskopi UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, TEM dan analisis potensi Zeta telah digunakan untuk menentukan morfologi zarah nano, struktur hablur, kestabilan dan sifat optik. Aktiviti fotomangkin terhadap degradasi metilena biru adalah lebih rendah untuk ZnO NP yang dikisar berbanding dengan ZnO NP tulen di bawah sinaran UV. Ujian antibakteria menggunakan kaedah resapan cakera agar menunjukkan zon perencatan terbesar terhadap patogen tumbuhan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae untuk ZnO NP tulen pada 100 mg/mL diikuti dengan ZnO NP yang dikisar 6 jam dan 12 jam. Ujian ketoksikan embrio ikan zebra menunjukkan penurunan kemandirian, kadar penetasan, kadar degupan jantung dan peningkatan kecacatan morfologi dan kematian yang bergantung kepada dos dan masa apabila terdedah kepada sampel ZnO NP. Kajian ini menunjukkan ketoksikan ZnO NP terhadap embrio ikan zebra dan fotomangkin adalah bergantung kepada saiz walaupun ujian antibakteria tidak dipengaruhi oleh saiz ZnO NP. Penemuan ini menunjukkan kepentingan pengoptimuman saiz nanozarah untuk aplikasi yang dikehendaki.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-06
Kaifei Liao, Zhong Kai, Lu Yi, T. Goh, Khai Ern Lee
The Xihu Depression at the shelf of the East China Sea is a petroliferous basin with excellent exploration potential. The Eocene Pinghu Formation has become a recent oil and gas exploration target and as the critical hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic layer in the basin. However, studies specifically examining the characteristics of hydrocarbon distribution and the controlling factors of reservoirs in the Kongqueting area remain limited. The lack of in-depth hydrocarbon accumulation model research restricts subsequent exploration. In this paper, based on data from drilling, 3D seismic, well test, and geochemical analysis, we found that coal bed-related hydrocarbon source rocks were widely occurred in the Pinghu Formation in the Kongqueting area. The source rocks provide good hydrocarbon supply of near-source and distant-source to reservoir. The river sands were connected laterally and stacked vertically, forming a pattern characterized by ‘lateral succession and vertical superposition’ indicative of good quality of reservoir. During the deposition period of the Pinghu Formation, two large sets of regional cap rock (P3 and P7) were excellent sealing rock. The sand reservoir was interbedded with shale layers, forming a Mille-feuille type of reservoir-seal pair. Faults formed at the early stage of the formation of basin serve as conduits for hydrocarbon migration, governing both the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon-bearing strata and the types of hydrocarbon accumulations. These faults were instrumental in facilitating the formation of extensive oil and gas accumulations. This paper establishes a hydrocarbon accumulation model in the Kongqueting area, characterized as ‘dual hydrocarbon supply from source, upper oil, and lower gas, good reservoir-seal pair, hydrocarbon migration through fault conduit’.
{"title":"Characteristics of Oil and Gas Distribution and Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Eocene Pinghu Formation of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea","authors":"Kaifei Liao, Zhong Kai, Lu Yi, T. Goh, Khai Ern Lee","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-06","url":null,"abstract":"The Xihu Depression at the shelf of the East China Sea is a petroliferous basin with excellent exploration potential. The Eocene Pinghu Formation has become a recent oil and gas exploration target and as the critical hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic layer in the basin. However, studies specifically examining the characteristics of hydrocarbon distribution and the controlling factors of reservoirs in the Kongqueting area remain limited. The lack of in-depth hydrocarbon accumulation model research restricts subsequent exploration. In this paper, based on data from drilling, 3D seismic, well test, and geochemical analysis, we found that coal bed-related hydrocarbon source rocks were widely occurred in the Pinghu Formation in the Kongqueting area. The source rocks provide good hydrocarbon supply of near-source and distant-source to reservoir. The river sands were connected laterally and stacked vertically, forming a pattern characterized by ‘lateral succession and vertical superposition’ indicative of good quality of reservoir. During the deposition period of the Pinghu Formation, two large sets of regional cap rock (P3 and P7) were excellent sealing rock. The sand reservoir was interbedded with shale layers, forming a Mille-feuille type of reservoir-seal pair. Faults formed at the early stage of the formation of basin serve as conduits for hydrocarbon migration, governing both the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon-bearing strata and the types of hydrocarbon accumulations. These faults were instrumental in facilitating the formation of extensive oil and gas accumulations. This paper establishes a hydrocarbon accumulation model in the Kongqueting area, characterized as ‘dual hydrocarbon supply from source, upper oil, and lower gas, good reservoir-seal pair, hydrocarbon migration through fault conduit’.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-02
K. Waiho, Hanafiah Fazhan, Y. Fujaya, Shu-Chien Alexander Chong, Muhammad Fatratullah Muhsin, S. Tunkijjanukij, Nurul Hayati
The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a well exploited and among the highest-valued sea cucumber species. Owing to its economic importance and the global expansion of sea cucumber fisheries that could lead to overfishing, the aquaculture of H. scabra is increasing rapidly. To aid in resource management and providing sufficient molecular information to inform the selection of sea cucumber broodstock to be incorporated into aquaculture, sufficient knowledge on their genetic diversity is among the pre-requisite. Therefore, this review synthesized together the currently available information on genetic diversity of H. scabra in a global scale, thereby highlighting the lack of genetic baseline of H. scabra in some populations. The implications and importance of the availability of genetic baseline data to restocking and sea ranching, fisheries, and aquaculture of H. scabra are discussed. Finally, future directions, including the development of full genome, the use of other sequencing technologies, and the impact of climate change onto H. scabra are provided.
刺参沙鱼（Holothuria scabra）是一种开发程度较高、价值最高的海参物种。由于其重要的经济价值以及全球海参渔业的扩张可能导致过度捕捞，鳞刺沙鱼的水产养殖正在迅速增加。为了帮助资源管理，并提供足够的分子信息，为选择海参育苗提供依据，充分了解海参的遗传多样性是前提条件之一。因此，本综述综合了目前全球范围内有关鳞刺海参遗传多样性的可用信息，从而强调了某些种群缺乏鳞刺海参遗传基线的问题。本综述还讨论了提供遗传基线数据对疥鲤的增殖放流、海洋牧业、渔业和水产养殖业的影响和重要性。最后，介绍了未来的发展方向，包括全基因组的开发、其他测序技术的使用以及气候变化对 H. scabra 的影响。
{"title":"Before It Is Too Late: Current Genetic Diversity Status of the Exploited Sandfish Holothuria Scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)","authors":"K. Waiho, Hanafiah Fazhan, Y. Fujaya, Shu-Chien Alexander Chong, Muhammad Fatratullah Muhsin, S. Tunkijjanukij, Nurul Hayati","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-02","url":null,"abstract":"The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a well exploited and among the highest-valued sea cucumber species. Owing to its economic importance and the global expansion of sea cucumber fisheries that could lead to overfishing, the aquaculture of H. scabra is increasing rapidly. To aid in resource management and providing sufficient molecular information to inform the selection of sea cucumber broodstock to be incorporated into aquaculture, sufficient knowledge on their genetic diversity is among the pre-requisite. Therefore, this review synthesized together the currently available information on genetic diversity of H. scabra in a global scale, thereby highlighting the lack of genetic baseline of H. scabra in some populations. The implications and importance of the availability of genetic baseline data to restocking and sea ranching, fisheries, and aquaculture of H. scabra are discussed. Finally, future directions, including the development of full genome, the use of other sequencing technologies, and the impact of climate change onto H. scabra are provided.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-13
Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah, Ammar Radzi Azmi, Z. Ilham, W. H. M. Wan Mohtar, Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim, Ayu Lana Nafisyah, Pau-Loke Show, W.A.A.Q.I. Wan-Mohtar
Purification of textile wastewater using biomass and in particular different fungi is gaining exponential interest to minimize the impacts of current physical-chemical and biological wastewater treatment by-products. This study investigates the potential of Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum mycelium pellets (GLMP) for the decontamination of wastewater samples received from a commercial textile manufacturer. All studies were performed under ambient temperature (26-35 ℃) and unsterilized conditions using a simple bioreactor design (stirred batch bioreactor) for a more practical assimilation of the current available wastewater treatment process system. The optimal conditions of adsorption by GLMP were determined by variation effects of adsorbent concentration (0, 8.75, 12.5 and 25 g/L), pH (unadjusted 7.10 – 8.22, 4 and 6), and wastewater dilution factor (1:0, 1:4, and 2:3, v/v). This method was proved to be effective in both decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, simultaneously. The most significant percentage of decolorization observed was 77.24% in a 72 h treatment, whereas COD reductions were 78.32% in a 36 h treatment. The present study fits both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms as the values of R2 both model were close to 1, indicating the favorable adsorption of dyes towards Malaysian GLMP.
{"title":"Treatment of the Textile Wastewater using Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum Mycelial Pellets","authors":"Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah, Ammar Radzi Azmi, Z. Ilham, W. H. M. Wan Mohtar, Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim, Ayu Lana Nafisyah, Pau-Loke Show, W.A.A.Q.I. Wan-Mohtar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purification of textile wastewater using biomass and in particular different fungi is gaining exponential interest to minimize the impacts of current physical-chemical and biological wastewater treatment by-products. This study investigates the potential of Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum mycelium pellets (GLMP) for the decontamination of wastewater samples received from a commercial textile manufacturer. All studies were performed under ambient temperature (26-35 ℃) and unsterilized conditions using a simple bioreactor design (stirred batch bioreactor) for a more practical assimilation of the current available wastewater treatment process system. The optimal conditions of adsorption by GLMP were determined by variation effects of adsorbent concentration (0, 8.75, 12.5 and 25 g/L), pH (unadjusted 7.10 – 8.22, 4 and 6), and wastewater dilution factor (1:0, 1:4, and 2:3, v/v). This method was proved to be effective in both decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, simultaneously. The most significant percentage of decolorization observed was 77.24% in a 72 h treatment, whereas COD reductions were 78.32% in a 36 h treatment. The present study fits both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms as the values of R2 both model were close to 1, indicating the favorable adsorption of dyes towards Malaysian GLMP.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-12
Muhd Arshad Amin, Hafiza Shukor, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mohd Ikhwan Ismail, Nur Amira Suriaty Yaakop, Mohamad Danial Shafiq, N. F. Shoparwe
The global demand for biofuels as an alternative energy source is on the rise due to the anticipated decline in fossil fuel (gasoline). Biobutanol, among various biofuels, has garnered significant attention for its advanced features and suitability as an alternative to fossil fuels. Recognizing the importance of understanding research issues and fostering collaborative networks, this bibliometric analysis focuses on synthesizing research trends in biobutanol production over the past 12 years. Examining 357 Scopus-indexed documents, the study shows that over 80% of relevant articles were published after 2010, indicating the recent emergence of literature in this field. Citation analysis identifies publishing trends dating back to 2010, highlighting leading scholars. In 2016, 47 publications in Chemical Engineering were attributed to the field, with Professor Sahaid authoring 12 publications, primarily affiliated with UKM. Chemical Engineering comprised the predominant subject area, with articles constituting 75.07% of total publications. Bioresource Technology was the primary source title, and the keyword Biobutanol was frequently associated with the research (92.16%). UKM led in institutional contributions with 12 publications, while India had the highest total publications at 17.65%, and Malaysia contributed 6.44%. The majority of publications (88.24%) originated from journal publications, and English was the predominant language, accounting for 96.64% of the publications. This paper underscores the recent surge in biobutanol research and the importance of collaborative efforts for further advancements.
{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis on Biobutanol Production Research Trends from 2010-2022 Using Scopus Database","authors":"Muhd Arshad Amin, Hafiza Shukor, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mohd Ikhwan Ismail, Nur Amira Suriaty Yaakop, Mohamad Danial Shafiq, N. F. Shoparwe","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-12","url":null,"abstract":"The global demand for biofuels as an alternative energy source is on the rise due to the anticipated decline in fossil fuel (gasoline). Biobutanol, among various biofuels, has garnered significant attention for its advanced features and suitability as an alternative to fossil fuels. Recognizing the importance of understanding research issues and fostering collaborative networks, this bibliometric analysis focuses on synthesizing research trends in biobutanol production over the past 12 years. Examining 357 Scopus-indexed documents, the study shows that over 80% of relevant articles were published after 2010, indicating the recent emergence of literature in this field. Citation analysis identifies publishing trends dating back to 2010, highlighting leading scholars. In 2016, 47 publications in Chemical Engineering were attributed to the field, with Professor Sahaid authoring 12 publications, primarily affiliated with UKM. Chemical Engineering comprised the predominant subject area, with articles constituting 75.07% of total publications. Bioresource Technology was the primary source title, and the keyword Biobutanol was frequently associated with the research (92.16%). UKM led in institutional contributions with 12 publications, while India had the highest total publications at 17.65%, and Malaysia contributed 6.44%. The majority of publications (88.24%) originated from journal publications, and English was the predominant language, accounting for 96.64% of the publications. This paper underscores the recent surge in biobutanol research and the importance of collaborative efforts for further advancements.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-01
Y. Uttaruk, Phùng Văn Khoa, T. Laosuwan
Currently climate change and global warming have significant impact on the environment toward biodiversity and human quality of life. Major cause derives from human activities that produce greenhouse gas emission especially the diffusion of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. One way to address global warming is to increase the absorption potential of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. The best natural method is forest adsorption whereby trees absorb carbon dioxide and store it in the form of biomass through photosynthesis. Therefore, forests are a highly efficient source of carbon sinks. The main objective of this research was to implement a methodology for greenhouse gas reduction and carbon sequestration assessments in forest sector according to Thailand's standards known as the Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Program (T-VER). According to climate change, reduction of greenhouse gas process will use methodology of T-VER-METH-FOR-01 Version 2 (Sustainable Forestation)andT-VER-TOOL-FOR/AGR-01 Version 2(Calculation for Carbon Sequestration). The Baseline Sequestration/Emissionand Project Sequestration/ Emission as well as plant diversity assessment in project area as greenhouse gas activity will be used for the calculation. The results of this development of prototype project could be used for concluding content of greenhouse gas from 134.72 ha of the research area and it was shown that Baseline Sequestration was 19,618.95 tCO2e. When calculating Project Sequestration for 10 years, carbon content could be increased by 27,617.95tCO2e calculated to be 800.61tCO2e/yr. Therefore, total Project Sequestration was 8,006.13tCO2e.
{"title":"A Guideline for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Carbon Sequestration in Forest Sector Based on Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Programme","authors":"Y. Uttaruk, Phùng Văn Khoa, T. Laosuwan","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-01","url":null,"abstract":"Currently climate change and global warming have significant impact on the environment toward biodiversity and human quality of life. Major cause derives from human activities that produce greenhouse gas emission especially the diffusion of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. One way to address global warming is to increase the absorption potential of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. The best natural method is forest adsorption whereby trees absorb carbon dioxide and store it in the form of biomass through photosynthesis. Therefore, forests are a highly efficient source of carbon sinks. The main objective of this research was to implement a methodology for greenhouse gas reduction and carbon sequestration assessments in forest sector according to Thailand's standards known as the Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Program (T-VER). According to climate change, reduction of greenhouse gas process will use methodology of T-VER-METH-FOR-01 Version 2 (Sustainable Forestation)andT-VER-TOOL-FOR/AGR-01 Version 2(Calculation for Carbon Sequestration). The Baseline Sequestration/Emissionand Project Sequestration/ Emission as well as plant diversity assessment in project area as greenhouse gas activity will be used for the calculation. The results of this development of prototype project could be used for concluding content of greenhouse gas from 134.72 ha of the research area and it was shown that Baseline Sequestration was 19,618.95 tCO2e. When calculating Project Sequestration for 10 years, carbon content could be increased by 27,617.95tCO2e calculated to be 800.61tCO2e/yr. Therefore, total Project Sequestration was 8,006.13tCO2e.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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