S. Mzali, F. Elwasli, F. Zemzemi, S. Mezlini, A. Mkaddem, M. Bouazizi
Abstract In this study, the micromechanical scratch behavior of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) using several wear conditions was highlighted. Single-indenter scratch tests (SSTs) were carried out on GFRP composite material perpendicular (SST⊥) and parallel (SST//) to fiber direction. Damage modes dominating the material removal process (MRP) and friction exhibit significant sensitivity to both attack angle and normal load. From findings, damage modes and apparent friction coefficient substantially accentuate when increasing the attack angle. The inspections of the damage state at different testing conditions using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveal the dominating modes governing the MRP through the different phases. The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to develop a mathematical model based on the measured data. The RSM approach was found very promoting for predicting friction evolution versus attack angle and normal load. The proposed model reveals good ability not only in predicting apparent friction coefficient but also in detecting separately its ploughing and adhesive component. To emphasize the correlation between friction coefficient and MRP, the wear maps have been drawn up.
{"title":"Analysis of material removal process when scratching unidirectional fibers reinforced polyester composites","authors":"S. Mzali, F. Elwasli, F. Zemzemi, S. Mezlini, A. Mkaddem, M. Bouazizi","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the micromechanical scratch behavior of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) using several wear conditions was highlighted. Single-indenter scratch tests (SSTs) were carried out on GFRP composite material perpendicular (SST⊥) and parallel (SST//) to fiber direction. Damage modes dominating the material removal process (MRP) and friction exhibit significant sensitivity to both attack angle and normal load. From findings, damage modes and apparent friction coefficient substantially accentuate when increasing the attack angle. The inspections of the damage state at different testing conditions using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveal the dominating modes governing the MRP through the different phases. The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to develop a mathematical model based on the measured data. The RSM approach was found very promoting for predicting friction evolution versus attack angle and normal load. The proposed model reveals good ability not only in predicting apparent friction coefficient but also in detecting separately its ploughing and adhesive component. To emphasize the correlation between friction coefficient and MRP, the wear maps have been drawn up.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To reveal the effects of the microstructure characteristics including fiber shape, void, fiber distribution pattern, and interphase on the transverse moisture diffusivities of unidirectional composites, the steady analysis method based on Fick’s law is adopted. The predicted numerical results are compared with the results from the analytical models to demonstrate the accuracy. From the simulation results, it is found that the increase in the oscillation amplification of non-circular fibers contributes to the orthotropy of diffusivity properties, which attributes to different barrier effects along different directions. The consideration of interphase relieves the barrier effects and the predicted diffusivity values are increased significantly. The effects of voids increase with the void volume fraction and are dependent on the voids’ location. If the fiber random distribution pattern is considered, it is found that the average values of predicted diffusivity decrease gradually with the increase in the number of oscillations.
{"title":"Effects of microstructure characteristics on the transverse moisture diffusivity of unidirectional composite","authors":"Mengnan Wang, Xiaochen Hang","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To reveal the effects of the microstructure characteristics including fiber shape, void, fiber distribution pattern, and interphase on the transverse moisture diffusivities of unidirectional composites, the steady analysis method based on Fick’s law is adopted. The predicted numerical results are compared with the results from the analytical models to demonstrate the accuracy. From the simulation results, it is found that the increase in the oscillation amplification of non-circular fibers contributes to the orthotropy of diffusivity properties, which attributes to different barrier effects along different directions. The consideration of interphase relieves the barrier effects and the predicted diffusivity values are increased significantly. The effects of voids increase with the void volume fraction and are dependent on the voids’ location. If the fiber random distribution pattern is considered, it is found that the average values of predicted diffusivity decrease gradually with the increase in the number of oscillations.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the water pressure effects on hydraulic fracture behavior of concrete with wedge-splitting testing under dynamic loading. Five waterproof strain gauges are stuck along the crack path to observe the fracture process during the experiments. Four silicon water pressure sensors successfully measured the water pressure value on concrete face. The results show that the water pressure on crack faces accelerates the crack propagation of the concrete. The critical values of the splitting force decrease 26.7 and 25.6%, respectively, with the external applied water pressure of 0.2 and 0.4 MPa. Moreover, the hydraulic crack propagation speed increases at the beginning and tends to reach a peak value finally. The peak value of cracking speed is 11.08 m/s, which is high. Under dynamic loading, the water fails to fill the crack and only the trapped water interacts with the crack face. The water pressure is mainly a parabolic curve distribution along the crack path and the peak value decreases with the increase in the crack length.
{"title":"Experimental study on hydraulic fracture behavior of concrete with wedge-splitting testing","authors":"Wenhu Zhao, T. Fang, Xiaocui Chen, Liguo Sun","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the water pressure effects on hydraulic fracture behavior of concrete with wedge-splitting testing under dynamic loading. Five waterproof strain gauges are stuck along the crack path to observe the fracture process during the experiments. Four silicon water pressure sensors successfully measured the water pressure value on concrete face. The results show that the water pressure on crack faces accelerates the crack propagation of the concrete. The critical values of the splitting force decrease 26.7 and 25.6%, respectively, with the external applied water pressure of 0.2 and 0.4 MPa. Moreover, the hydraulic crack propagation speed increases at the beginning and tends to reach a peak value finally. The peak value of cracking speed is 11.08 m/s, which is high. Under dynamic loading, the water fails to fill the crack and only the trapped water interacts with the crack face. The water pressure is mainly a parabolic curve distribution along the crack path and the peak value decreases with the increase in the crack length.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47667852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As the main load-bearing component of the bridge structure, the cable is damaged by the impact from time to time, so it is very important to clarify its impact resistance capacity. Based on the method of the drop-weight test, this article mainly studies the degradation law of the mechanical properties of epoxy-coated steel strand (ECSS) under the impact load. Through the impact test of ECSS under different working conditions, the influence law of prestress, impact energy, initial defects and other factors on the impact resistance of the steel strand was revealed. Then, the difference of the impact resistance of ECSS and ordinary steel strand (OSS) was verified under the same impact conditions. Finally, the failure mechanism and the residual-bearing capacity of ECSS were analyzed through the secondary impact test. The results show that the initial prestress is helpful to improve its impact resistance when it is less than 0.11 f u {f}_{{rm{u}}} , and exceeding this value will accelerate its failure process. The effect of impact height on the strain at the impact point of ECSS is significantly greater than that near the anchor end. ECSS has better energy absorption characteristics than OSS. The impact resistance of ECSS with initial defects is very sensitive to the impact energy. The influence on outer strand in the secondary impact is significantly higher than the central strand, and its residual tensile capacity still has 0.85 f u {f}_{{rm{u}}} .
摘要电缆作为桥梁结构的主要承重构件，不时受到冲击的破坏，因此明确其抗冲击能力是非常重要的。本文基于落锤试验的方法，主要研究了环氧涂层钢绞线(ECSS)在冲击载荷作用下力学性能的退化规律。通过ECSS在不同工况下的冲击试验，揭示了预应力、冲击能、初始缺陷等因素对钢绞线抗冲击性能的影响规律。然后，在相同的冲击条件下，验证了ECSS与普通钢绞线(OSS)的抗冲击性差异。最后，通过二次冲击试验分析了ECSS的破坏机理和剩余承载能力。结果表明:初始预应力小于0.11 fu {f}_{{rm{u}}}有助于提高其抗冲击能力，超过该值将加速其破坏过程;冲击高度对ECSS冲击点应变的影响显著大于锚端附近应变的影响。ECSS比OSS具有更好的能量吸收特性。具有初始缺陷的ECSS的抗冲击性能对冲击能量非常敏感。二次冲击对外股的影响显著高于中心股，其残余抗拉能力仍为0.85 f {f}_{{rm{u}}}。
{"title":"Impact resistance capacity and degradation law of epoxy-coated steel strand under the impact load","authors":"Hongming Li, B. Feng, Yan Xu, J. Zhong","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the main load-bearing component of the bridge structure, the cable is damaged by the impact from time to time, so it is very important to clarify its impact resistance capacity. Based on the method of the drop-weight test, this article mainly studies the degradation law of the mechanical properties of epoxy-coated steel strand (ECSS) under the impact load. Through the impact test of ECSS under different working conditions, the influence law of prestress, impact energy, initial defects and other factors on the impact resistance of the steel strand was revealed. Then, the difference of the impact resistance of ECSS and ordinary steel strand (OSS) was verified under the same impact conditions. Finally, the failure mechanism and the residual-bearing capacity of ECSS were analyzed through the secondary impact test. The results show that the initial prestress is helpful to improve its impact resistance when it is less than 0.11 f u {f}_{{rm{u}}} , and exceeding this value will accelerate its failure process. The effect of impact height on the strain at the impact point of ECSS is significantly greater than that near the anchor end. ECSS has better energy absorption characteristics than OSS. The impact resistance of ECSS with initial defects is very sensitive to the impact energy. The influence on outer strand in the secondary impact is significantly higher than the central strand, and its residual tensile capacity still has 0.85 f u {f}_{{rm{u}}} .","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44278745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Xu, B. van den Hurk, Sean J. D. Lugger, Rijk Blok, P. Teuffel
Abstract Natural plant fiber-reinforced polymer composites (PFRP) have emerged as an environmental-friendly material in the construction industry, but their creep behavior is a critical concern for load-bearing structures. This study investigates the creep behavior of flax fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FFRP) using the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP). Due to the application of TTSP on the tensile creep behavior of FFRP is not fully understood, three potential methods for calculating the critical parameters during TTSP are compared to obtain an efficient application method to build the creep master curve. A 2,000-h long-term creep test is conducted parallelly on the same sample to validate the accuracy of the creep analysis results. The study proposes an ideal method to determine the key parameters in TTSP, providing valuable insights for the practical application of PFRP in the construction industry. Meanwhile, the research results in this study would be helpful in better understanding the creep behavior of FFRP via short-term accelerated tests.
{"title":"Creep analysis of the flax fiber-reinforced polymer composites based on the time–temperature superposition principle","authors":"Bo Xu, B. van den Hurk, Sean J. D. Lugger, Rijk Blok, P. Teuffel","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0218","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural plant fiber-reinforced polymer composites (PFRP) have emerged as an environmental-friendly material in the construction industry, but their creep behavior is a critical concern for load-bearing structures. This study investigates the creep behavior of flax fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FFRP) using the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP). Due to the application of TTSP on the tensile creep behavior of FFRP is not fully understood, three potential methods for calculating the critical parameters during TTSP are compared to obtain an efficient application method to build the creep master curve. A 2,000-h long-term creep test is conducted parallelly on the same sample to validate the accuracy of the creep analysis results. The study proposes an ideal method to determine the key parameters in TTSP, providing valuable insights for the practical application of PFRP in the construction industry. Meanwhile, the research results in this study would be helpful in better understanding the creep behavior of FFRP via short-term accelerated tests.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Made a pioneering attempt to use the lattice sandwich structure in prosthetic foot design and pioneered the study for the lay-up design of the prosthetic foot. An innovative carbon fiber bionic prosthetic foot was designed using a sandwich structure. The effect of cross-ply on the prosthetic foot’s energy storage properties and vibration characteristics was investigated using the lattice sandwich structure prosthetic foot. The bionic prosthetic foot’s finite element model was constructed under normal working conditions according to international standards. The results indicate that the storage of strain energy increases with an increase in cross-ply under heel-strict working conditions. Under the toe-off condition, the strain energy distribution increases with the increase in cross-ply. The cross-ply number influences the mode of displacement of the bionic foot. The natural frequencies of the bionic foot increase with the increase in the cross-ply.
{"title":"An investigation into the effect of cross-ply on energy storage and vibration characteristics of carbon fiber lattice sandwich structure bionic prosthetic foot","authors":"Meijiao Jiang, Junxia Zhang","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Made a pioneering attempt to use the lattice sandwich structure in prosthetic foot design and pioneered the study for the lay-up design of the prosthetic foot. An innovative carbon fiber bionic prosthetic foot was designed using a sandwich structure. The effect of cross-ply on the prosthetic foot’s energy storage properties and vibration characteristics was investigated using the lattice sandwich structure prosthetic foot. The bionic prosthetic foot’s finite element model was constructed under normal working conditions according to international standards. The results indicate that the storage of strain energy increases with an increase in cross-ply under heel-strict working conditions. Under the toe-off condition, the strain energy distribution increases with the increase in cross-ply. The cross-ply number influences the mode of displacement of the bionic foot. The natural frequencies of the bionic foot increase with the increase in the cross-ply.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45826862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this article, the concept of low-velocity impact resistance in composite materials is presented. Three existing expressions (e.g., bilinear, parabola, and exponential) that show the relationship between the dent depth and impact energy of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact are presented. Because of some flaws in these expressions, new supposed functions between impact energy and impact dent have been established. By means of existing ASTM D 7136 tests and simulation analysis, the new expressions are verified, and the nature of dent formation in composite materials is well explained. The conclusion is reflected in the ending part.
摘要本文提出了复合材料抗低速冲击的概念。给出了复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下凹痕深度与冲击能关系的三种现有表达式(双线性、抛物线和指数)。由于这些表达式存在一些缺陷，本文建立了新的冲击能与冲击凹痕之间的假定函数。通过现有的ASTM D 7136试验和模拟分析，验证了新表达式，并很好地解释了复合材料凹痕形成的性质。结论体现在结尾部分。
{"title":"Research and analysis on low-velocity impact of composite materials","authors":"Ju Qiu","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the concept of low-velocity impact resistance in composite materials is presented. Three existing expressions (e.g., bilinear, parabola, and exponential) that show the relationship between the dent depth and impact energy of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact are presented. Because of some flaws in these expressions, new supposed functions between impact energy and impact dent have been established. By means of existing ASTM D 7136 tests and simulation analysis, the new expressions are verified, and the nature of dent formation in composite materials is well explained. The conclusion is reflected in the ending part.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43387097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) can be transformed into composite boards with higher selling value when their cellulose is used as a fiber. Manufacturing composites with hybridization techniques can improve their properties. This study combined OPEFBs and ramie fibers in an epoxy–carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix. The proportion of OPEFBs and ramie fibers was varied (3:7, 5:5, and 7:3), with a total fiber content of 10% by volume and a matrix of 90% by volume. Alkali treatment using NaOH solution was applied to the fiber to remove impurities from the surface. CNTs were functionalized using nitric acid followed by hydrogen peroxide to improve compatibility. Surface treatment was conducted on fibers and CNTs to increase the bonds between these components in the composite material. The hybridization of OPEFBs/ramie fibers improved the tensile strength in the 3:7TR, 5:5TR, and 7:3TR composites by 127, 37, and 12%, respectively, compared to the 10T composite. The flexural strength of the 5:5TR hybrid composite increased by 120%, and that of the 3:7TR and 7:3TR composites increased by 83% against the 10R composite. The 3:7TR hybrid composite showed the best mechanical properties.
{"title":"Mechanical property improvement of oil palm empty fruit bunch composites by hybridization using ramie fibers on epoxy–CNT matrices","authors":"Praswasti Pembangun Dyah Kencana Wulan, Yogi Yolanda","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) can be transformed into composite boards with higher selling value when their cellulose is used as a fiber. Manufacturing composites with hybridization techniques can improve their properties. This study combined OPEFBs and ramie fibers in an epoxy–carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix. The proportion of OPEFBs and ramie fibers was varied (3:7, 5:5, and 7:3), with a total fiber content of 10% by volume and a matrix of 90% by volume. Alkali treatment using NaOH solution was applied to the fiber to remove impurities from the surface. CNTs were functionalized using nitric acid followed by hydrogen peroxide to improve compatibility. Surface treatment was conducted on fibers and CNTs to increase the bonds between these components in the composite material. The hybridization of OPEFBs/ramie fibers improved the tensile strength in the 3:7TR, 5:5TR, and 7:3TR composites by 127, 37, and 12%, respectively, compared to the 10T composite. The flexural strength of the 5:5TR hybrid composite increased by 120%, and that of the 3:7TR and 7:3TR composites increased by 83% against the 10R composite. The 3:7TR hybrid composite showed the best mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46418077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Alam, Hani Alanazi, Fadi Althoey, A. Deifalla, J. Ahmad
Abstract Sewage sludge is frequently stable and safe when used as construction materials since it bypasses several of the costly and energy-intensive phases of usage. This is supported by numerous studies, particularly when the proportion of sewage sludge is at ideal levels. The primary goal of this article is to demonstrate the use of sewage sludge in building and construction materials. Novel properties such as slump flow and setting time as well as strength properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, impact energy, and absorbed energy are the main aspects studied in this review (Part Ⅰ). Part II describes the physical and chemical properties, durability, and morphological structure of the sewage sludge ash. The findings in this review (Part Ⅰ) indicate that the flow of concrete decreased with the addition of sewage sludge ash due to its porous nature, but the strength properties improved with sewage sludge ash due to micro-filling voids and pozzolanic activity, which improved the binding properties of cement paste. However, optimum substitution is critical as a greater proportion decreased the strength due to a deficiency of flowability, which boosted compaction energy leading to more cavities. Different studies recommend different optimum doses. However, the typical range for the optimum dose of sewage sludge ash is 5–10% (by wt) of cement.
{"title":"Mechanical performance of concrete made with sewage sludge ash: A review (Part Ⅰ)","authors":"Muhammad Alam, Hani Alanazi, Fadi Althoey, A. Deifalla, J. Ahmad","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sewage sludge is frequently stable and safe when used as construction materials since it bypasses several of the costly and energy-intensive phases of usage. This is supported by numerous studies, particularly when the proportion of sewage sludge is at ideal levels. The primary goal of this article is to demonstrate the use of sewage sludge in building and construction materials. Novel properties such as slump flow and setting time as well as strength properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, impact energy, and absorbed energy are the main aspects studied in this review (Part Ⅰ). Part II describes the physical and chemical properties, durability, and morphological structure of the sewage sludge ash. The findings in this review (Part Ⅰ) indicate that the flow of concrete decreased with the addition of sewage sludge ash due to its porous nature, but the strength properties improved with sewage sludge ash due to micro-filling voids and pozzolanic activity, which improved the binding properties of cement paste. However, optimum substitution is critical as a greater proportion decreased the strength due to a deficiency of flowability, which boosted compaction energy leading to more cavities. Different studies recommend different optimum doses. However, the typical range for the optimum dose of sewage sludge ash is 5–10% (by wt) of cement.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To improve the stability of cemented sand and gravel (CSG) dam construction materials, artificial aggregates can be selected to replace missing natural aggregates, and aggregate grading optimization can be carried out to meet the needs of engineering applications. This article uses finite-element analysis software to explore the influence of aggregate characteristics on the performance and destruction characteristics of CSG materials through numerical simulation. The results show that (1) with the increase of circular natural sand gravel aggregates, the peak stress and elastic modulus of the sample increase, while the strength also increases. (2) Compared to circular aggregates, polygonal aggregates have more edges and corners, which exacerbate the deformation disharmony between mortar and aggregates; the phenomenon of stress concentration is more obvious, so under the same loading step, the degree of damage of polygonal aggregates is greater than that of circular aggregates. (3) After the freeze–thaw cycle test, the deterioration of parameters in the CSG resulted in more severe damage and strength loss of the crushed stone aggregate than the circular aggregate sample. This conclusion can provide a reference for the design of CSG mix ratio in engineering sites.
{"title":"Effect of aggregate characteristics on properties of cemented sand and gravel","authors":"Lixia Guo, Zhengqi Wu, L. Zhong, Y. Luo","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To improve the stability of cemented sand and gravel (CSG) dam construction materials, artificial aggregates can be selected to replace missing natural aggregates, and aggregate grading optimization can be carried out to meet the needs of engineering applications. This article uses finite-element analysis software to explore the influence of aggregate characteristics on the performance and destruction characteristics of CSG materials through numerical simulation. The results show that (1) with the increase of circular natural sand gravel aggregates, the peak stress and elastic modulus of the sample increase, while the strength also increases. (2) Compared to circular aggregates, polygonal aggregates have more edges and corners, which exacerbate the deformation disharmony between mortar and aggregates; the phenomenon of stress concentration is more obvious, so under the same loading step, the degree of damage of polygonal aggregates is greater than that of circular aggregates. (3) After the freeze–thaw cycle test, the deterioration of parameters in the CSG resulted in more severe damage and strength loss of the crushed stone aggregate than the circular aggregate sample. This conclusion can provide a reference for the design of CSG mix ratio in engineering sites.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48130111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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