J. Ahmad, M. Alqurashi, Hani Alanazi, A. Deifalla, A. Yosri
Abstract The quantity of carbon dioxide gas released during the manufacturing and acquisition of raw ingredients determines the sustainability of concrete. Industrial garbage dumping is a critical difficulty that humanity is experiencing because of globalization and the increasing population. Through the efficient use of industrial by products, efforts are being undertaken to lower carbon discharges in the concreting process. It has been recommended by sustainable development goals and standards to use byproducts that have lower embodied energy and carbon emissions. Ash from sewage sludge demonstrates its suitability for use in concrete. However, a compressive assessment is needed to determine the past, present, and future research aspects of using sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a construction material. Therefore, this research is carried out on using SSA as a construction material. All the essential properties such as the physical and chemical properties of SSA, its effect on durability properties, and morphology structure study are the main aspect of this review (Part II). The analysis also highlights the research gap for upcoming exploration which further improved its performance.
{"title":"Durability and microstructure study on concrete made with sewage sludge ash: A review (Part Ⅱ)","authors":"J. Ahmad, M. Alqurashi, Hani Alanazi, A. Deifalla, A. Yosri","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quantity of carbon dioxide gas released during the manufacturing and acquisition of raw ingredients determines the sustainability of concrete. Industrial garbage dumping is a critical difficulty that humanity is experiencing because of globalization and the increasing population. Through the efficient use of industrial by products, efforts are being undertaken to lower carbon discharges in the concreting process. It has been recommended by sustainable development goals and standards to use byproducts that have lower embodied energy and carbon emissions. Ash from sewage sludge demonstrates its suitability for use in concrete. However, a compressive assessment is needed to determine the past, present, and future research aspects of using sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a construction material. Therefore, this research is carried out on using SSA as a construction material. All the essential properties such as the physical and chemical properties of SSA, its effect on durability properties, and morphology structure study are the main aspect of this review (Part II). The analysis also highlights the research gap for upcoming exploration which further improved its performance.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In order to quantitatively analyze the mesoscopic damage process of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene composite solid propellant under external load, periodic boundary conditions were applied to the representative volume element model based on sample composition and morphology, the mixed matrix containing aluminum powder was homogenized, and the hyperelastic matrix damage and bilinear/exponential particle–matrix interface cohesive model with initial damage were compiled through the secondary development of Abaqus. At the same time, a data interaction platform was constructed by means of Python and MATLAB, matrix and cohesion parameters were inverted according to the optimization algorithm and experimental data, and the whole process of propellant damage and fracture was simulated from the mesoscopic perspective. The results show that combining the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm and the Hooke–Jeeves algorithm can achieve the global optimal parameter inversion in 102 calculations, compared with the single local search algorithm, which can cut about 11% of the objective function values. Considering the matrix damage and the exponential cohesion model with initial damage, the optimal objective function value is 0.01635, which can more accurately simulate the propellant damage and fracture process compared with 0.02136 of a bilinear cohesion model.
{"title":"Micro-damage analysis and numerical simulation of composite solid propellant based on in situ tensile test","authors":"Yongqiang Li, Gaochun Li","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to quantitatively analyze the mesoscopic damage process of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene composite solid propellant under external load, periodic boundary conditions were applied to the representative volume element model based on sample composition and morphology, the mixed matrix containing aluminum powder was homogenized, and the hyperelastic matrix damage and bilinear/exponential particle–matrix interface cohesive model with initial damage were compiled through the secondary development of Abaqus. At the same time, a data interaction platform was constructed by means of Python and MATLAB, matrix and cohesion parameters were inverted according to the optimization algorithm and experimental data, and the whole process of propellant damage and fracture was simulated from the mesoscopic perspective. The results show that combining the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm and the Hooke–Jeeves algorithm can achieve the global optimal parameter inversion in 102 calculations, compared with the single local search algorithm, which can cut about 11% of the objective function values. Considering the matrix damage and the exponential cohesion model with initial damage, the optimal objective function value is 0.01635, which can more accurately simulate the propellant damage and fracture process compared with 0.02136 of a bilinear cohesion model.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44960234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents a comprehensive study on the failure behavior of foam core sandwich beams under three-point bending using theoretical analysis and finite element methods. A displacement formula for the foam sandwich beam is derived, considering the shear deformation of the foam core. Based on this formula, the deflection is obtained using energy and Rayleigh–Ritz methods. The failure loads of face yielding, core shearing, and indentation are combined to construct a failure mechanism map. The proposed theoretical model is then compared with existing theoretical analyses, demonstrating higher prediction accuracy. To investigate nonlinear damage and size effects, a series of finite element analyses is conducted. The results suggest that increasing the face sheet thickness has a greater impact on the ultimate load capacity, while the foam core thickness is more effective in enhancing bending stiffness.
{"title":"Failure analysis of sandwich beams under three-point bending based on theoretical and numerical models","authors":"Zenggui Jin, Wentao Mao, Fengpeng Yang","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0224","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a comprehensive study on the failure behavior of foam core sandwich beams under three-point bending using theoretical analysis and finite element methods. A displacement formula for the foam sandwich beam is derived, considering the shear deformation of the foam core. Based on this formula, the deflection is obtained using energy and Rayleigh–Ritz methods. The failure loads of face yielding, core shearing, and indentation are combined to construct a failure mechanism map. The proposed theoretical model is then compared with existing theoretical analyses, demonstrating higher prediction accuracy. To investigate nonlinear damage and size effects, a series of finite element analyses is conducted. The results suggest that increasing the face sheet thickness has a greater impact on the ultimate load capacity, while the foam core thickness is more effective in enhancing bending stiffness.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Zhu, Zhe Che, Youpei Du, P. Hou, Lijun Zhang, Junpeng Wang, Tao Zhang, Zhengwei Dai, Yi-Koan Hong, W. Han
Abstract In this work, a novel binary hybrid woven carbon nanotube (CNT) tape/copper wire carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite is prepared. The mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G IC) is employed to critically evaluate the delamination performance. A comparison of the G IC value with that of the carbon fiber reinforced composite confirms that incorporating CNT tapes and copper wires into the composite increases the value by 263%. In the transverse and through-thickness direction, the conductivity of the laminate increases to 458 and 193 S/m, which is increased by 196 and 675%, respectively. The thermal conductivity along the thickness direction is increased to 2.27 W/m K, an increase of 134%. The volume fraction of CNT tapes and copper wire are as low as approximately 0.87 and 0.47 vol%, respectively. 3D woven composites have potential applications in high-performance structures and lightning striking protection such as aircraft, ships, and engines, which benefits by the innovative through-thickness implantation of composites using CNT tape and copper wire.
{"title":"A novel 3D woven carbon fiber composite with super interlayer performance hybridized by CNT tape and copper wire simultaneously","authors":"Yu Zhu, Zhe Che, Youpei Du, P. Hou, Lijun Zhang, Junpeng Wang, Tao Zhang, Zhengwei Dai, Yi-Koan Hong, W. Han","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, a novel binary hybrid woven carbon nanotube (CNT) tape/copper wire carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite is prepared. The mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G IC) is employed to critically evaluate the delamination performance. A comparison of the G IC value with that of the carbon fiber reinforced composite confirms that incorporating CNT tapes and copper wires into the composite increases the value by 263%. In the transverse and through-thickness direction, the conductivity of the laminate increases to 458 and 193 S/m, which is increased by 196 and 675%, respectively. The thermal conductivity along the thickness direction is increased to 2.27 W/m K, an increase of 134%. The volume fraction of CNT tapes and copper wire are as low as approximately 0.87 and 0.47 vol%, respectively. 3D woven composites have potential applications in high-performance structures and lightning striking protection such as aircraft, ships, and engines, which benefits by the innovative through-thickness implantation of composites using CNT tape and copper wire.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":"2010 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41331826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Haiden, A. Brunner, Amol V. Pansare, M. Feuchter, G. Pinter
Abstract Specific nano- and micro-scale morphologies of composites can affect the resulting optical and UV reflectivity of the materials. One example is “Vantablack®” made from aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 99.96% absorption. A similar material with CNTs grown on surface-activated aluminum (CNTs/sa-Al) even yielded 99.995% absorption, one order of magnitude higher than Vantablack®. On the other hand, fresh snow reflects 90% or more of the incident electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 400 and 1,000 nm. The reflectivity of snow originates from multiple scattering in the porous morphology made of snow grains. Taking these complex morphologies as inspiration, CFRP epoxy composites with different types, sizes, shapes, and amount of nanoparticles are prepared and compared regarding their optical and ultraviolet (UV) reflectivity. Increasing the reflectivity in the near and far UV may be beneficial for the durability of the epoxy composites, but selective higher or lower reflectivity in certain wavelength ranges may also yield tailored visual effects. Results from different processing approaches with selected nanoparticles are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Tailoring the optical and UV reflectivity of CFRP-epoxy composites: Approaches and selected results","authors":"Lukas Haiden, A. Brunner, Amol V. Pansare, M. Feuchter, G. Pinter","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0175","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Specific nano- and micro-scale morphologies of composites can affect the resulting optical and UV reflectivity of the materials. One example is “Vantablack®” made from aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 99.96% absorption. A similar material with CNTs grown on surface-activated aluminum (CNTs/sa-Al) even yielded 99.995% absorption, one order of magnitude higher than Vantablack®. On the other hand, fresh snow reflects 90% or more of the incident electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 400 and 1,000 nm. The reflectivity of snow originates from multiple scattering in the porous morphology made of snow grains. Taking these complex morphologies as inspiration, CFRP epoxy composites with different types, sizes, shapes, and amount of nanoparticles are prepared and compared regarding their optical and ultraviolet (UV) reflectivity. Increasing the reflectivity in the near and far UV may be beneficial for the durability of the epoxy composites, but selective higher or lower reflectivity in certain wavelength ranges may also yield tailored visual effects. Results from different processing approaches with selected nanoparticles are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As one of the unconventional oil and gas resources, tight oil is of great development prospect all over the world. The characterization of tight reservoir has important guiding significance for overcoming the problems in exploration as well as improving the development effect. As one of the characteristics of reservoir cores, the specific surface area is very important for the characterization of tight reservoirs. In this study, based on mercury injection data of tight reservoir core from Changqing Oilfield, through the establishment of equal diameter pore model, the specific surface area of pores corresponding to different radii is calculated, respectively, and the overall specific surface area of the core is obtained. Through the comprehensive evaluation of the mercury injection data and the calculation results, it is found that the pores with the medium radius (0.009–0.178 μm) have the greatest contribution to the pore volume, followed by the pores with smaller radius (0.004–0.007 μm), and the pores with larger radius (0.268–53.835 μm) have the least contribution to the pore volume. However, the pores with smaller radius (0.004–0.089 μm) have the greatest contribution to the specific surface area, followed by the pore with larger radius (0.133–6.666 μm), and the specific surface area of individual pores in the middle range (8.917 μm) has the least contribution. Therefore, the adsorption loss of surfactant and so on must be considered in the process of tight oil development. In the development process, a series of main technologies such as fracturing, new water/gas injection, and horizontal well development should be explored. Through the overall design and scale implementation of reservoir scale, the investment cost of unit-producing reserves can be effectively reduced, and ultimately, the maximum benefit of tight oil development can be realized.
{"title":"Calculation of specific surface area for tight rock characterization through high-pressure mercury intrusion","authors":"Hao Kang, Guanghui Li, Jian Gao","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0186","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As one of the unconventional oil and gas resources, tight oil is of great development prospect all over the world. The characterization of tight reservoir has important guiding significance for overcoming the problems in exploration as well as improving the development effect. As one of the characteristics of reservoir cores, the specific surface area is very important for the characterization of tight reservoirs. In this study, based on mercury injection data of tight reservoir core from Changqing Oilfield, through the establishment of equal diameter pore model, the specific surface area of pores corresponding to different radii is calculated, respectively, and the overall specific surface area of the core is obtained. Through the comprehensive evaluation of the mercury injection data and the calculation results, it is found that the pores with the medium radius (0.009–0.178 μm) have the greatest contribution to the pore volume, followed by the pores with smaller radius (0.004–0.007 μm), and the pores with larger radius (0.268–53.835 μm) have the least contribution to the pore volume. However, the pores with smaller radius (0.004–0.089 μm) have the greatest contribution to the specific surface area, followed by the pore with larger radius (0.133–6.666 μm), and the specific surface area of individual pores in the middle range (8.917 μm) has the least contribution. Therefore, the adsorption loss of surfactant and so on must be considered in the process of tight oil development. In the development process, a series of main technologies such as fracturing, new water/gas injection, and horizontal well development should be explored. Through the overall design and scale implementation of reservoir scale, the investment cost of unit-producing reserves can be effectively reduced, and ultimately, the maximum benefit of tight oil development can be realized.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To analyze the influence of basalt fiber on the performance of permeable concrete for road applications, this study focuses on two key performance indicators: compressive strength and permeability coefficient of basalt fiber permeable concrete. Based on orthogonal experimental data, regression prediction equations were established using SPSS software to assess the effects of different fiber parameters on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient. The predicted results were then compared with experimental data. The findings indicate that the average relative error of the predicted values for both performance indicators is within a manageable range of 5%, demonstrating a high prediction accuracy. Using these regression equations, we can examine the variations in the road performance of basalt fiber permeable concrete under different fiber parameter conditions, thereby overcoming the limitations of conducting numerous parameter analysis experiments.
{"title":"Study and prediction analysis on road performance of basalt fiber permeable concrete","authors":"Wenhua Wang, Jinzhong Zhu, Xiaojun Cheng, Da Jiang, Guoqin Shi, Xinghan Chen","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To analyze the influence of basalt fiber on the performance of permeable concrete for road applications, this study focuses on two key performance indicators: compressive strength and permeability coefficient of basalt fiber permeable concrete. Based on orthogonal experimental data, regression prediction equations were established using SPSS software to assess the effects of different fiber parameters on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient. The predicted results were then compared with experimental data. The findings indicate that the average relative error of the predicted values for both performance indicators is within a manageable range of 5%, demonstrating a high prediction accuracy. Using these regression equations, we can examine the variations in the road performance of basalt fiber permeable concrete under different fiber parameter conditions, thereby overcoming the limitations of conducting numerous parameter analysis experiments.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135052870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jili Lu, Qingyun Yang, Zhongliang Meng, Kang Yang, Wei Xu, Ching Vincent Chiu
Abstract This study proposes a unified modeling method to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the functionally graded porous (FGP) spherical shell with elastic boundary conditions. First, three kinds of FGP distributed patterns are defined. Then, the first-order shear deformation theory is selected to build the governing equations of the spherical shell with elastic boundary conditions, which can be solved by the Rayleigh–Ritz approach. Moreover, Chebyshev polynomials of the third kind are selected as an admissible function to express the motion equation. With the constructed model, the correctness is verified by comparing the natural frequency and forced response obtained from both open literature and finite element method. Ultimately, the parameter study is conducted to conclude the effect of the design parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the spherical shell.
{"title":"Modeling and dynamic analysis of functionally graded porous spherical shell based on Chebyshev–Ritz approach","authors":"Jili Lu, Qingyun Yang, Zhongliang Meng, Kang Yang, Wei Xu, Ching Vincent Chiu","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study proposes a unified modeling method to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the functionally graded porous (FGP) spherical shell with elastic boundary conditions. First, three kinds of FGP distributed patterns are defined. Then, the first-order shear deformation theory is selected to build the governing equations of the spherical shell with elastic boundary conditions, which can be solved by the Rayleigh–Ritz approach. Moreover, Chebyshev polynomials of the third kind are selected as an admissible function to express the motion equation. With the constructed model, the correctness is verified by comparing the natural frequency and forced response obtained from both open literature and finite element method. Ultimately, the parameter study is conducted to conclude the effect of the design parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the spherical shell.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anveshkumar Nella, R. Aldhaheri, Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, N. Sobahi
Abstract This work presents a unique non-invasive method for monitoring glucose levels in blood using a planar Yagi–Uda antenna as a microwave sensor. The proposed antenna, operating at 5.5 GHz, exhibits a directional radiation pattern with a peak gain of 6.74 dBi. A low-cost FR4 material of size 30 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm is used as a dielectric substrate. A human finger phantom, comprising layers of skin, fat, blood, and bone, is created at 5.5 GHz in EM simulation tool for mimicking a real human finger. The finger phantom is positioned at different locations around the antenna and corresponding frequency shifts are remarked to a variation in glucose concentration from 0–500 mg/dL. An exemplary frequency shift of maximum 26 MHz is recorded when the phantom is placed at the bottom of the antenna. Time domain analysis is also carried out to understand the effect of glucose concentration variation on the output signal amplitude and delay. Simulated antenna results are found to be in stupendous agreement with the measured results. An experiment of placing a real human finger around the fabricated antenna also presents a splendid correspondence with the simulated results. Hence, this mechanism can be expedient for monitoring glucose levels in blood.
{"title":"A non-invasive method of glucose monitoring using FR4 material based microwave antenna sensor","authors":"Anveshkumar Nella, R. Aldhaheri, Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, N. Sobahi","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work presents a unique non-invasive method for monitoring glucose levels in blood using a planar Yagi–Uda antenna as a microwave sensor. The proposed antenna, operating at 5.5 GHz, exhibits a directional radiation pattern with a peak gain of 6.74 dBi. A low-cost FR4 material of size 30 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm is used as a dielectric substrate. A human finger phantom, comprising layers of skin, fat, blood, and bone, is created at 5.5 GHz in EM simulation tool for mimicking a real human finger. The finger phantom is positioned at different locations around the antenna and corresponding frequency shifts are remarked to a variation in glucose concentration from 0–500 mg/dL. An exemplary frequency shift of maximum 26 MHz is recorded when the phantom is placed at the bottom of the antenna. Time domain analysis is also carried out to understand the effect of glucose concentration variation on the output signal amplitude and delay. Simulated antenna results are found to be in stupendous agreement with the measured results. An experiment of placing a real human finger around the fabricated antenna also presents a splendid correspondence with the simulated results. Hence, this mechanism can be expedient for monitoring glucose levels in blood.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44383164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of the State Grid and the gradual improvement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, the power contradictions and disputes caused by the North–South Power Transmission and Transformation Project have become increasingly prominent, which has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. This study focuses on the development of conductive silicone gel for UHV transmission lines using carbon fiber (CF) powder, carbon black (CB), and carbon nanotubes as fillers, and organic silicone polymer as the matrix. The aim was to address the issues of corona noise and detachment. We prepared a series of conductive silicone gels with different proportions of CF and CB conductive fillers and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their electrical conductivity, tensile performance, hydrophobicity, and rheological properties. The research results demonstrated that the maximum electrical conductivity of the conductive silicone gel was achieved when the CF and CB contents reached a ratio of 2:1. In the case of a 70% organic silicone polymer gel, the electrical conductivity reached 0.73 S/cm, while it increased to 1.17 S/cm in an 80% organic silicone polymer gel. This indicates that optimizing the proportion of fillers can significantly enhance the electrical conductivity of the conductive silicone gel, meeting the requirements of UHV transmission lines. Additionally, the study evaluated the tensile performance, hydrophobicity, and rheological properties of the conductive silicone gel. The results showed that the 70% organic silicone polymer gel exhibited a tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at a break of 678.6 MPa, 1.3 MPa, and 15.22%, respectively. The corresponding values for the 80% organic silicone polymer gel were 129.9 MPa, 1.6 MPa, and 55.89%. This indicates that the conductive silicone gel possesses excellent mechanical properties and ductility, enabling it to withstand stress and deformation in UHV transmission lines while providing anti-detachment effects. In summary, this study successfully developed a conductive silicone gel that meets the requirements of UHV transmission lines. By optimizing the ratio of CF and CB contents, the electrical conductivity of the gel was maximized. Furthermore, the conductive silicone gel exhibited favorable tensile performance, electrical conductivity, and anti-detachment effects, effectively addressing corona noise and detachment issues in UHV transmission lines. These research findings are of great significance for the design and application of UHV transmission lines.
{"title":"Preparation and application of corona noise-suppressing anti-shedding materials for UHV transmission lines","authors":"Xiangyu Cui, Xin Shi, Xiaobang Hou, Jianguang Yin, Fangwei Li, Yuwei Zang, Jingchuan Hu, Lianke Xie, Jiashun Peng","doi":"10.1515/secm-2022-0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0213","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of the State Grid and the gradual improvement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, the power contradictions and disputes caused by the North–South Power Transmission and Transformation Project have become increasingly prominent, which has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. This study focuses on the development of conductive silicone gel for UHV transmission lines using carbon fiber (CF) powder, carbon black (CB), and carbon nanotubes as fillers, and organic silicone polymer as the matrix. The aim was to address the issues of corona noise and detachment. We prepared a series of conductive silicone gels with different proportions of CF and CB conductive fillers and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their electrical conductivity, tensile performance, hydrophobicity, and rheological properties. The research results demonstrated that the maximum electrical conductivity of the conductive silicone gel was achieved when the CF and CB contents reached a ratio of 2:1. In the case of a 70% organic silicone polymer gel, the electrical conductivity reached 0.73 S/cm, while it increased to 1.17 S/cm in an 80% organic silicone polymer gel. This indicates that optimizing the proportion of fillers can significantly enhance the electrical conductivity of the conductive silicone gel, meeting the requirements of UHV transmission lines. Additionally, the study evaluated the tensile performance, hydrophobicity, and rheological properties of the conductive silicone gel. The results showed that the 70% organic silicone polymer gel exhibited a tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at a break of 678.6 MPa, 1.3 MPa, and 15.22%, respectively. The corresponding values for the 80% organic silicone polymer gel were 129.9 MPa, 1.6 MPa, and 55.89%. This indicates that the conductive silicone gel possesses excellent mechanical properties and ductility, enabling it to withstand stress and deformation in UHV transmission lines while providing anti-detachment effects. In summary, this study successfully developed a conductive silicone gel that meets the requirements of UHV transmission lines. By optimizing the ratio of CF and CB contents, the electrical conductivity of the gel was maximized. Furthermore, the conductive silicone gel exhibited favorable tensile performance, electrical conductivity, and anti-detachment effects, effectively addressing corona noise and detachment issues in UHV transmission lines. These research findings are of great significance for the design and application of UHV transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":21480,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering of Composite Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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