Pathogens significantly impair plant growth and developmental processes. Emerging evidence has highlighted the pivotal roles of MYB transcription factors (TFs) and histone H3K36me3 transferase in orchestrating regulatory networks that govern plant defense responses against pathogen stress. However, the potential for synergistic interactions among these genes in woody plants, particularly within poplar subjected to biotic stress, remains largely unexplored. Functional analysis showed that PopMYB4 overexpression (OE) reduced pathogen tolerance, whereas RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression enhanced host resistance to pathogens. This phenotypic change was linked to modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics and the coordinated regulation of defense genes, notably PopGSTU7. Y1H, EMSA, and dual-luciferase assays indicated that PopMYB4 directly binds to the PopGSTU7 promoter and represses its transcription. We further established that PopSDG36 physically interacts with PopMYB4, thereby alleviating PopMYB4's inhibitory effects on PopGSTU7 expression. Functional analysis using overexpression demonstrated that PopSDG36 positively regulates resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in poplars. Moreover, the PopSDG36 transgenic plants led to increased H3K36me3 levels at PopGSTU7, thus increasing PopGSTU7 expression. The PopMYB4-PopSDG36 represents a dual-function regulatory hub in poplars, integrating transcriptional regulation and H3K36me3-mediated epigenetic regulation to fine-tune immune signaling networks, thereby providing mechanistic insights into plant-pathogen coevolution.
{"title":"PopMYB4 orchestrates disease resistance through H3K36me3-mediated epigenetic activation of PopGSTU7 in poplars.","authors":"Shuxian Tan,Hao Guo,Haofei Wang,Jiadong Wu,Lin Liu,Fei Bao,Jianbo Xie","doi":"10.1111/nph.70937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70937","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogens significantly impair plant growth and developmental processes. Emerging evidence has highlighted the pivotal roles of MYB transcription factors (TFs) and histone H3K36me3 transferase in orchestrating regulatory networks that govern plant defense responses against pathogen stress. However, the potential for synergistic interactions among these genes in woody plants, particularly within poplar subjected to biotic stress, remains largely unexplored. Functional analysis showed that PopMYB4 overexpression (OE) reduced pathogen tolerance, whereas RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression enhanced host resistance to pathogens. This phenotypic change was linked to modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics and the coordinated regulation of defense genes, notably PopGSTU7. Y1H, EMSA, and dual-luciferase assays indicated that PopMYB4 directly binds to the PopGSTU7 promoter and represses its transcription. We further established that PopSDG36 physically interacts with PopMYB4, thereby alleviating PopMYB4's inhibitory effects on PopGSTU7 expression. Functional analysis using overexpression demonstrated that PopSDG36 positively regulates resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in poplars. Moreover, the PopSDG36 transgenic plants led to increased H3K36me3 levels at PopGSTU7, thus increasing PopGSTU7 expression. The PopMYB4-PopSDG36 represents a dual-function regulatory hub in poplars, integrating transcriptional regulation and H3K36me3-mediated epigenetic regulation to fine-tune immune signaling networks, thereby providing mechanistic insights into plant-pathogen coevolution.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Courtney S Winning,María Isabel Rubia,Wei Liu,Daniel Bronitt,Ángel María Zamarreño,José María García-Mina,Penelope Smith,Estíbaliz Larrainzar,Michael A Djordjevic
To address a critical gap in understanding amino acid transport in legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, we investigated the role of symbiosis-associated USUALLY MULTIPLE ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTERS (UMAMITs) in Medicago truncatula nodulation. Transcript profiling, phylogenetic analysis and promoter-reporter fusions identified five symbiosis-associated MtUMAMIT genes. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing generated two triple mutant lines lacking MtUMAMIT14, -17 and -36. Physiological assays, amino acid quantification, and immunolocalisation using a MtUMAMIT17-specific antibody were performed to assess symbiotic function and protein localisation. The induction of MtUMAMIT14, -17 and -36 required Nod factor perception. Triple mutant nodules exhibited reduced nitrogen fixation, leading to nitrogen starvation symptoms, lower leghaemoglobin and amino acid levels, as well as increased starch accumulation. Immunolocalisation revealed MtUMAMIT17 at symbiosome and infection thread membranes, and vascular and uninfected zone III nodule cells. MtUMAMIT17 localised in the cell periphery in zone II cells, while it colocalised with the symbiosomes in infected zone III cells. We conclude that MtUMAMIT14, -17 and -36 are essential for efficient nitrogen fixation, functioning in amino acid transport across symbiotic interfaces and vascular tissues. We propose that their recruitment into nodulation programs represents a key evolutionary adaptation facilitating nutrient exchange critical for symbiotic success.
{"title":"Symbiosis-associated UMAMIT transporters required for establishing efficient nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula.","authors":"Courtney S Winning,María Isabel Rubia,Wei Liu,Daniel Bronitt,Ángel María Zamarreño,José María García-Mina,Penelope Smith,Estíbaliz Larrainzar,Michael A Djordjevic","doi":"10.1111/nph.70917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70917","url":null,"abstract":"To address a critical gap in understanding amino acid transport in legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, we investigated the role of symbiosis-associated USUALLY MULTIPLE ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTERS (UMAMITs) in Medicago truncatula nodulation. Transcript profiling, phylogenetic analysis and promoter-reporter fusions identified five symbiosis-associated MtUMAMIT genes. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing generated two triple mutant lines lacking MtUMAMIT14, -17 and -36. Physiological assays, amino acid quantification, and immunolocalisation using a MtUMAMIT17-specific antibody were performed to assess symbiotic function and protein localisation. The induction of MtUMAMIT14, -17 and -36 required Nod factor perception. Triple mutant nodules exhibited reduced nitrogen fixation, leading to nitrogen starvation symptoms, lower leghaemoglobin and amino acid levels, as well as increased starch accumulation. Immunolocalisation revealed MtUMAMIT17 at symbiosome and infection thread membranes, and vascular and uninfected zone III nodule cells. MtUMAMIT17 localised in the cell periphery in zone II cells, while it colocalised with the symbiosomes in infected zone III cells. We conclude that MtUMAMIT14, -17 and -36 are essential for efficient nitrogen fixation, functioning in amino acid transport across symbiotic interfaces and vascular tissues. We propose that their recruitment into nodulation programs represents a key evolutionary adaptation facilitating nutrient exchange critical for symbiotic success.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A framework of traits and strategies for drought adaptation is critical for understanding the effects of climate change on natural and cultivated plant communities. The 'growth potential - stress survival' trade-off, a key concept in ecology, underpins plant ecological strategies but lacks a time dimension that is crucial to plant responses to drought. We built a three-phase physiological model incorporating both plant traits and time as a gradient of decreasing water availability, which allowed the identification of traits involved in maximizing growth potential (Phase I), growth/turgor maintenance during drought (Phase II - drought resistance), or survival after growth cessation (Phase III - drought survival). Modelling plant water use for annuals, perennials, resurrection, and succulent species revealed a trade-off between water use in Phases I-II (water acquisition associated with tissue dehydration avoidance) and Phase III duration (water conservation associated with water storage capacity and/or tissue dehydration/desiccation tolerance). This trade-off underpins a novel framework of plant water use economics among and within species. As growth potential and growth/turgor maintenance, that is, drought resistance, trade-off with drought survival duration, a time-informed framework considering the balance between productivity and drought resilience is required in plant growth models and in breeding efforts for plant drought adaptation.
{"title":"From growth potential to drought survival: a trait- and time-based framework for plant water economics across vascular species.","authors":"Florence Volaire,Sean M Gleason,Andrea Carminati,Robert J Griffin-Nolan,Maurizio Mencuccini,Karim Barkaoui,Sandra Bucci,Marc Carriquí,Louise Comas,Aude Coupel-Ledru,Alistair Leverett,Rose Marks,Jordi Martinez-Vilalta,Lucy Rowland,Jared J Stewart,Vincent Vadez","doi":"10.1111/nph.70922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70922","url":null,"abstract":"A framework of traits and strategies for drought adaptation is critical for understanding the effects of climate change on natural and cultivated plant communities. The 'growth potential - stress survival' trade-off, a key concept in ecology, underpins plant ecological strategies but lacks a time dimension that is crucial to plant responses to drought. We built a three-phase physiological model incorporating both plant traits and time as a gradient of decreasing water availability, which allowed the identification of traits involved in maximizing growth potential (Phase I), growth/turgor maintenance during drought (Phase II - drought resistance), or survival after growth cessation (Phase III - drought survival). Modelling plant water use for annuals, perennials, resurrection, and succulent species revealed a trade-off between water use in Phases I-II (water acquisition associated with tissue dehydration avoidance) and Phase III duration (water conservation associated with water storage capacity and/or tissue dehydration/desiccation tolerance). This trade-off underpins a novel framework of plant water use economics among and within species. As growth potential and growth/turgor maintenance, that is, drought resistance, trade-off with drought survival duration, a time-informed framework considering the balance between productivity and drought resilience is required in plant growth models and in breeding efforts for plant drought adaptation.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Templ,Helfried Scheifinger,Isabella Ostovary,Markus Ungersböck,Hans Ressl
Phenology - the timing of seasonal biological events - is a sensitive indicator of climate change and ecosystem dynamics. Long-term, broad-scale phenological data are crucial for understanding and predicting plant responses to environmental change. However, until the mid-2000s, European phenological observations were scattered across national networks, limiting large-scale analyses. In response, the Pan European Phenology (PEP725) database was established 15 years ago as an open-access, reference-grade infrastructure for plant phenology data. PEP725 unifies observations from over 30 countries, compiled from 1868 through the present, with all records standardized to a common protocol. The database now contains more than 13 million phenological records for c. 265 plant species across 46 phenophases, making it the world's largest repository of ground-based plant phenology data. We highlight key scientific insights and cross-sector applications enabled by the dataset, and share technical lessons learned. Looking ahead, we outline a roadmap for PEP725's evolution - including new data contributions, technological upgrades, global integration, and community engagement - to ensure it remains a vibrant, open community resource driving phenology science forward. We invite the plant science community to utilize, contribute to, and further cocreate this phenological data platform.
{"title":"PEP725: 15 years of driving European and global phenology science.","authors":"Barbara Templ,Helfried Scheifinger,Isabella Ostovary,Markus Ungersböck,Hans Ressl","doi":"10.1111/nph.70869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70869","url":null,"abstract":"Phenology - the timing of seasonal biological events - is a sensitive indicator of climate change and ecosystem dynamics. Long-term, broad-scale phenological data are crucial for understanding and predicting plant responses to environmental change. However, until the mid-2000s, European phenological observations were scattered across national networks, limiting large-scale analyses. In response, the Pan European Phenology (PEP725) database was established 15 years ago as an open-access, reference-grade infrastructure for plant phenology data. PEP725 unifies observations from over 30 countries, compiled from 1868 through the present, with all records standardized to a common protocol. The database now contains more than 13 million phenological records for c. 265 plant species across 46 phenophases, making it the world's largest repository of ground-based plant phenology data. We highlight key scientific insights and cross-sector applications enabled by the dataset, and share technical lessons learned. Looking ahead, we outline a roadmap for PEP725's evolution - including new data contributions, technological upgrades, global integration, and community engagement - to ensure it remains a vibrant, open community resource driving phenology science forward. We invite the plant science community to utilize, contribute to, and further cocreate this phenological data platform.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David H Munch,Hector M Rubiato,Mark Kwaaitaal,Anja Reinstädler,Ralph Panstruga,Mads E Nielsen
In response to attack by filamentous pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, plants form localized cell wall depositions, called papillae, and encasements of intracellular infection structures that are thought to block pathogen entry and proliferation, respectively. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the syntaxin PENETRATION1 (PEN1;SYP121) mediates preinvasive immunity against nonadapted powdery mildew fungi. In addition, a conserved function shared with its closest paralog, SYP122, enables a general papilla/encasement response and preinvasive immunity toward a wide range of filamentous pathogens. Using genetic analysis, pathogen assays, and endomembrane trafficking studies, we investigated the roles of PEN1 and SYP122 and their associated pathways in preinvasive immunity toward filamentous pathogens. We found that PEN1 and SYP122 operate through two distinct endomembrane routes defined by specic ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factors: GNOM and Brefeldin A-Inhibited Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (BIG)1 to BIG4. Yet, inhibition of GNOM and BIG1 to BIG4 does not affect the powdery mildew-specific preinvasive immunity, which instead relies on a preformed endosomal compartment enriched in MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O2 (MLO2). Furthermore, the durable mlo-based resistance requires PEN1 and SYP122. We conclude that plants deploy two independent membrane trafficking pathways for preinvasive immunity. We suggest these pathways integrate with MLO proteins to fine-tune resistance, providing broad and durable defense against filamentous pathogens.
为了应对丝状病原体（包括真菌和卵菌）的攻击，植物形成局部的细胞壁沉积，称为乳头状突起，以及细胞内感染结构的包囊，分别被认为可以阻止病原体进入和增殖。在拟南芥中，合成素PENETRATION1 （PEN1;SYP121）介导对非适应性白粉病真菌的侵袭前免疫。此外，与SYP122相似的保守功能使其能够对广泛的丝状病原体产生一般的乳头/包膜反应和侵袭前免疫。通过遗传分析、病原体检测和内膜运输研究，我们研究了PEN1和SYP122及其相关途径在丝状病原体侵袭前免疫中的作用。我们发现，PEN1和SYP122通过两种不同的膜途径起作用，这两种途径是由特异性adp核糖基化因子鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子gnome和Brefeldin a -抑制鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（BIG）1到BIG4定义的。然而，抑制GNOM和BIG1对BIG4并不影响白粉病特异性侵袭前免疫，而是依赖于预先形成的富含霉菌抗性位点O2 （MLO2）的内体隔室。此外，持久的mlo基电阻需要PEN1和SYP122。我们得出结论，植物在入侵前免疫中部署了两个独立的膜运输途径。我们建议这些途径与MLO蛋白结合以微调抗性，为丝状病原体提供广泛而持久的防御。
{"title":"Distinct membrane trafficking pathways defined by the requirement for GNOM or BIG1 to BIG4 mediate preinvasive immunity toward filamentous fungal pathogens.","authors":"David H Munch,Hector M Rubiato,Mark Kwaaitaal,Anja Reinstädler,Ralph Panstruga,Mads E Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/nph.70936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70936","url":null,"abstract":"In response to attack by filamentous pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, plants form localized cell wall depositions, called papillae, and encasements of intracellular infection structures that are thought to block pathogen entry and proliferation, respectively. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the syntaxin PENETRATION1 (PEN1;SYP121) mediates preinvasive immunity against nonadapted powdery mildew fungi. In addition, a conserved function shared with its closest paralog, SYP122, enables a general papilla/encasement response and preinvasive immunity toward a wide range of filamentous pathogens. Using genetic analysis, pathogen assays, and endomembrane trafficking studies, we investigated the roles of PEN1 and SYP122 and their associated pathways in preinvasive immunity toward filamentous pathogens. We found that PEN1 and SYP122 operate through two distinct endomembrane routes defined by specic ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factors: GNOM and Brefeldin A-Inhibited Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (BIG)1 to BIG4. Yet, inhibition of GNOM and BIG1 to BIG4 does not affect the powdery mildew-specific preinvasive immunity, which instead relies on a preformed endosomal compartment enriched in MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O2 (MLO2). Furthermore, the durable mlo-based resistance requires PEN1 and SYP122. We conclude that plants deploy two independent membrane trafficking pathways for preinvasive immunity. We suggest these pathways integrate with MLO proteins to fine-tune resistance, providing broad and durable defense against filamentous pathogens.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanfang Yan,Bingning Tian,Xiaoning Li,Yuzhu Wang,Yuehui Shi,Kai Jiang,Rui Zhai,Kevin M Davies,Fengwang Ma,Ross G Atkinson,Pengmin Li
Polyphenols play key roles in plants' resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, in fruits, these compounds are often antinutritive and unattractive to seed dispersers. How plants balance these competing requirements is critical to their survival. Here, we report that phlorizin (P2G), the predominant polyphenol in apples (Malus spp.), and phloretin-2'-O-xyloglucoside (P2XG), the xylosylated product of P2G, show different accumulation patterns in apple fruits. The addition of P2G to the diet of quails, zebra finches, and budgerigars reduced feeding, while the addition of P2XG did not. P2G treatment also lowered the blood sugar concentrations and significantly reduced egg weight in quail, consistent with its ability to inhibit glucose transport mediated by sodium-glucose transporters. Two glycoside-specific glycosyltransferase genes, PGGT1.1 and 1.2, which catalyze the conversion of P2G to P2XG, were identified and shown to be specifically expressed in apple fruits. Transgenic apple plants overexpressing PGGT1 in leaves produced more P2XG, but less P2G. Consequently, these plants became more susceptible to lepidopteran pests and to spider mites. Our results show that the differential expression of glycosyltransferases in apple provides a mechanism to regulate polyphenol metabolism in different tissues to balance the requirements for plant-seed dispersal and plant-pest interactions.
多酚类物质在植物抵抗生物和非生物胁迫中起着关键作用。然而，在水果中，这些化合物通常是抗营养的，对种子散布者没有吸引力。植物如何平衡这些相互竞争的需求对它们的生存至关重要。本研究报道了苹果中主要的多酚类物质苯连素（P2G）和苯连素-2′- o -木糖苷（P2XG）在苹果果实中的积累模式不同。在鹌鹑、斑胸草雀和虎皮鹦鹉的日粮中添加P2G降低了它们的摄食，而添加P2XG则没有降低。P2G处理还降低了鹌鹑的血糖浓度，显著降低了蛋重，这与P2G抑制钠-葡萄糖转运体介导的葡萄糖转运的能力一致。在苹果果实中发现了两个催化P2G向P2XG转化的糖苷特异性糖基转移酶基因PGGT1.1和1.2。在叶片中过表达PGGT1的转基因苹果植株产生更多的P2XG，但较少的P2G。因此，这些植物变得更容易受到鳞翅目害虫和蜘蛛螨的影响。研究结果表明，苹果糖基转移酶的差异表达为调节多酚在不同组织中的代谢提供了一种机制，以平衡植物-种子传播和植物-害虫相互作用的需求。
{"title":"The polyphenol trade-off: leaf protection vs fruit attraction in apples driven by the phlorizin glycosyltransferase PGGT1.","authors":"Yanfang Yan,Bingning Tian,Xiaoning Li,Yuzhu Wang,Yuehui Shi,Kai Jiang,Rui Zhai,Kevin M Davies,Fengwang Ma,Ross G Atkinson,Pengmin Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.70923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70923","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenols play key roles in plants' resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, in fruits, these compounds are often antinutritive and unattractive to seed dispersers. How plants balance these competing requirements is critical to their survival. Here, we report that phlorizin (P2G), the predominant polyphenol in apples (Malus spp.), and phloretin-2'-O-xyloglucoside (P2XG), the xylosylated product of P2G, show different accumulation patterns in apple fruits. The addition of P2G to the diet of quails, zebra finches, and budgerigars reduced feeding, while the addition of P2XG did not. P2G treatment also lowered the blood sugar concentrations and significantly reduced egg weight in quail, consistent with its ability to inhibit glucose transport mediated by sodium-glucose transporters. Two glycoside-specific glycosyltransferase genes, PGGT1.1 and 1.2, which catalyze the conversion of P2G to P2XG, were identified and shown to be specifically expressed in apple fruits. Transgenic apple plants overexpressing PGGT1 in leaves produced more P2XG, but less P2G. Consequently, these plants became more susceptible to lepidopteran pests and to spider mites. Our results show that the differential expression of glycosyltransferases in apple provides a mechanism to regulate polyphenol metabolism in different tissues to balance the requirements for plant-seed dispersal and plant-pest interactions.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plant and its associated microbiota constitute a holobiont. Within this framework, the seed endophyte reservoir, shaped through multigenerational selection, exhibits pronounced host specificity, mutualistic potential, and signatures of co-evolution. We hypothesise that this reservoir operates as a 'symbiotic toolbox' forming an 'Anticipated Utility Microbiota' within the holobiont. Upon germination, specific microbes from this toolbox may undergo resuscitation to buffer environmental stresses, thereby influencing plant fitness. Using axenic Vicia sativa seeds, we simulated cold, salinity, and drought stresses and applied 16S rRNA sequencing to track seed symbiont resuscitation. Taxa showing resuscitation across stresses were classified as generalists, whilst those resuscitating under specific stresses were specialists. Microbial inoculants from these taxa were then tested in pots for host growth effects. As expected, distinct resuscitation patterns under different stresses supported the hypothesised seed 'symbiotic toolbox'. We identified 115 generalist amplicon sequence variants (e.g. Methylobacterium, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas) and stress-specific specialists: 60 cold specialists (e.g. Stenotrophomonas and Geobacter), 79 salt specialists (e.g. Leptotrichia), and 13 drought specialists (e.g. Proteobacteria). Strikingly, generalist microbial inoculants consistently promoted seedling growth across stresses, whilst specialist inoculants showed stress-specific efficacy. This study elucidates a holobiont mechanism whereby vertically transmitted seed microbes constitute a 'symbiotic toolbox' that differentially resuscitates under stress, thereby enhancing seedling fitness.
{"title":"Differential 'resuscitation' from the seed microbiota: a plant-holobiont ecological strategy for buffering stresses.","authors":"Ying Xu,Ning Ling,Cendrine Mony,Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse","doi":"10.1111/nph.70920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70920","url":null,"abstract":"The plant and its associated microbiota constitute a holobiont. Within this framework, the seed endophyte reservoir, shaped through multigenerational selection, exhibits pronounced host specificity, mutualistic potential, and signatures of co-evolution. We hypothesise that this reservoir operates as a 'symbiotic toolbox' forming an 'Anticipated Utility Microbiota' within the holobiont. Upon germination, specific microbes from this toolbox may undergo resuscitation to buffer environmental stresses, thereby influencing plant fitness. Using axenic Vicia sativa seeds, we simulated cold, salinity, and drought stresses and applied 16S rRNA sequencing to track seed symbiont resuscitation. Taxa showing resuscitation across stresses were classified as generalists, whilst those resuscitating under specific stresses were specialists. Microbial inoculants from these taxa were then tested in pots for host growth effects. As expected, distinct resuscitation patterns under different stresses supported the hypothesised seed 'symbiotic toolbox'. We identified 115 generalist amplicon sequence variants (e.g. Methylobacterium, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas) and stress-specific specialists: 60 cold specialists (e.g. Stenotrophomonas and Geobacter), 79 salt specialists (e.g. Leptotrichia), and 13 drought specialists (e.g. Proteobacteria). Strikingly, generalist microbial inoculants consistently promoted seedling growth across stresses, whilst specialist inoculants showed stress-specific efficacy. This study elucidates a holobiont mechanism whereby vertically transmitted seed microbes constitute a 'symbiotic toolbox' that differentially resuscitates under stress, thereby enhancing seedling fitness.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillaume Charrier,Al P Kovaleski,Bénédicte Wenden,Heikki Hänninen
Cold hardiness models are useful tools to predict cold damage in plants, such as those produced by unseasonal temperature cycles or by increased cold exposure. Although development of these models started about five decades ago, their applications remain limited. We describe the main paradigms driving the different types of cold hardiness models (empirical to process-based), their similarities and differences. Among the existing paradigms, process-based models are built to translate physiological mechanisms into mathematical functions over a broad range of climatic conditions, thus making them more accurate for studying the effect of climate change. Different approaches have been developed in predicting cold hardiness: (1) empirical relationships between temperature and cold hardiness; (2) phenological processes controlling acclimation and deacclimation rates; (3) phenological and physiological processes predicting cold hardiness through the osmo-hydric approach; and (4) molecular regulation driving the metabolic drivers of cold hardiness. For the first three approaches, we describe the context, the experimental and field observations that defined their frameworks as well as their limitations. To increase the realism of cold hardiness models, we describe the potential of a fourth approach, based on the perception of environmental signals, how it translates into cold acclimation/deacclimation and provide recommendations to develop this framework.
{"title":"Cold hardiness mechanisms and modeling: existing approaches and future avenues.","authors":"Guillaume Charrier,Al P Kovaleski,Bénédicte Wenden,Heikki Hänninen","doi":"10.1111/nph.70863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70863","url":null,"abstract":"Cold hardiness models are useful tools to predict cold damage in plants, such as those produced by unseasonal temperature cycles or by increased cold exposure. Although development of these models started about five decades ago, their applications remain limited. We describe the main paradigms driving the different types of cold hardiness models (empirical to process-based), their similarities and differences. Among the existing paradigms, process-based models are built to translate physiological mechanisms into mathematical functions over a broad range of climatic conditions, thus making them more accurate for studying the effect of climate change. Different approaches have been developed in predicting cold hardiness: (1) empirical relationships between temperature and cold hardiness; (2) phenological processes controlling acclimation and deacclimation rates; (3) phenological and physiological processes predicting cold hardiness through the osmo-hydric approach; and (4) molecular regulation driving the metabolic drivers of cold hardiness. For the first three approaches, we describe the context, the experimental and field observations that defined their frameworks as well as their limitations. To increase the realism of cold hardiness models, we describe the potential of a fourth approach, based on the perception of environmental signals, how it translates into cold acclimation/deacclimation and provide recommendations to develop this framework.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Talia Jacobson, Mair Edwards, Moni Qiande, Madalen Robert, Julia Moncrieff, Cătălin Voiniciuc
Data availability
Data supporting the findings of this work are available in the main text and in Figs S1–S9; Tables S1–S6, and in Video S1. Popular plasmids and seeds will be donated to Addgene and ABRC, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs for yeast are on FigShare: doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30369646.
{"title":"Golgi-localized mannanases sustain hemicellulose biosynthesis","authors":"Talia Jacobson, Mair Edwards, Moni Qiande, Madalen Robert, Julia Moncrieff, Cătălin Voiniciuc","doi":"10.1111/nph.70875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70875","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Data availability</h2>\u0000<p>Data supporting the findings of this work are available in the main text and in Figs S1–S9; Tables S1–S6, and in Video S1. Popular plasmids and seeds will be donated to Addgene and ABRC, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs for yeast are on FigShare: doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30369646.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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