New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Valedictory Editorial","authors":"Alistair M. Hetherington","doi":"10.1111/nph.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the end of 2024 I stepped down after serving as Editor-in-Chief of <i>New Phytologist</i> for 12 years. Reviving a tradition initiated by Sir Arthur Tansley (<span>1931</span>), the founding Editor of <i>New Phytologist</i>, I will use the opportunity of a Valedictory Editorial to indulge in some crystal ball gazing concerning future challenges and opportunities for the journal.</p>\u0000<p>However, before doing this it is worth reminding ourselves of the debt we owe to Tansley and why his legacy is important in the context of our mission to promote plant science and serve the international community of plant scientists. In contrast to most other plant science journals, <i>New Phytologist</i> is neither owned by a learned society nor by a commercial publisher. Instead, it is wholly owned by the not-for-profit New Phytologist Foundation (https://www.newphytologist.org/). This is important because it means that we are independent. We are neither required to satisfy the expectations of shareholders, nor are we in thrall to a membership whose focus may reflect a geographical location or specific botanical interests. It also means that, when opportunities arise, we can be light on our feet. As a not-for-profit organization, we use the surplus income that we earn from publishing <i>New Phytologist</i> to support early career researchers through the award of prizes, such as the Tansley Medal (https://www.newphytologist.org/awards/tansleymedal) and bursaries to facilitate their attendance and participation in our Next Generation Scientists (NGS) meetings (https://www.newphytologist.org/nextgenevents). In addition, the income allows us to stage New Phytologist Symposia, such as the recent 46<sup>th</sup> Symposium on Stomata, held in Kaifeng, China (https://www.newphytologist.org/symposia/46), and workshops (for a list of recent workshops, see https://www.newphytologist.org/workshops).</p>\u0000<p>In 2012, when Keith Lindsey succeeded Ian Alexander as Chair of the Board of Trustees and I followed Ian Woodward as Editor-in-Chief of <i>New Phytologist</i>, we published an Editorial in which we discussed the challenges and opportunities facing the journal (Hetherington & Lindsey, <span>2012</span>). At that time, although open access (OA) and the impact of new technology on publishing were uppermost in our thoughts, I do not think that either of us predicted the seismic changes to publishing brought about by the former, while artificial intelligence (AI) was not on our radar. Both can be regarded as disruptive innovations. Of the two, OA is the more mature and it has been adopted with enthusiasm by research funders in some jurisdictions.</p>\u0000<p>The arguments in support of the OA model of publishing are laudable and have been well rehearsed. At the core is the rightful goal to bring the results of research endeavour to the widest possible audience at no cost to the reader. In this sense, OA achieves its objectives. However, it does need to be borne in mind th","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation in the honesty of plants to their pollinators","authors":"Sergio E. Ramos, Karina Boege, César A. Domínguez, Juan Fornoni","doi":"10.1111/nph.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70043","url":null,"abstract":"en<span>This link goes to a English section</span>es<span>This link goes to a Spanish section</span><p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Pollinators prefer flowers with traits that reliably indicate reward quality or quantity, a relationship defining ‘honest signals’. Despite its prevalence in plant–pollinator interactions, genetic variation in floral honesty and its effects on plant fitness remain poorly understood.</li>\u0000<li>Using a clonal design, we propagated 41 genotypes of <i>Turnera velutina</i> from a natural population to estimate broad-sense heritability and genetic variation in floral morphological traits, nectar, and floral honesty (i.e. the signal–reward correlation). In a factorial experiment, we exposed combinations of ‘less honest’ and ‘more honest’ genotypes with above- or below-average nectar sugar content to natural pollinators and recorded pollinator visitation patterns and plant fitness.</li>\u0000<li>We found significant heritability and genetic variation in floral traits and the signal–reward correlation, indicating that floral honesty has the potential to evolve through pollinator-mediated selection. Pollinators preferred honest plants with larger flowers and higher nectar sugar content, spending more time on them. These plants also produced more seeds per fruit than other genotypes.</li>\u0000<li>Our study addresses key knowledge gaps in the evolution of floral honesty by revealing its genetic basis and demonstrating that a positive signal–reward relationship can be shaped by natural selection through plant–pollinator interactions.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field plants strategically regulate water uptake from different soil depths by spatiotemporally adjusting their radial root hydraulic conductivity","authors":"William Rickard, Imrul Hossain, Xiaoxian Zhang, Hannah V. Cooper, Sacha J. Mooney, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, W. Richard Whalley","doi":"10.1111/nph.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;With drought occurrences projected to increase due to climate change, breeding crops tolerant to water stress has become crucial to sustaining crop yields and meeting the growing demand for food (Davies &amp; Bennett, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Among various techniques, developing cultivars with deep roots and improved rhizosphere has been proposed as a potential solution to address this challenge (Lynch, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Gao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Rabbi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Hallett &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, root water uptake depends not only on root architecture and its rhizosphere (Zhu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), but also on other abiotic and biotic factors (Vadez, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Q. Sun &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Phenotyping root morphology and analysing the rhizosphere alone is thus insufficient to determine the water use efficiency of plants, and understanding the response of other root traits to environmental changes is also important (Vadez, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). In fact, experimental observations have shown that not all plants with deep roots increased their water uptake from the deep soil when the topsoil dried (Prechsl &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Rasmussen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Gessler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Deseano Diaz &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), and a recent meta-analysis showed that root depth does not necessarily equate to root water uptake depth (Bachofen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). These suggest the existence of additional mechanisms that regulate root water uptake from different soil layers (Kulmatiski &amp; Beard, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Water ascent in plants is driven by a water potential gradient between soil and leaves. Plants regulate this process by modifying their hydraulic conductance in different organs (Bartlett &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). In the aboveground, plants cope with water stress by stomatal closure (Hopmans &amp; Bristow, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Carminati &amp; Javaux, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Corso &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), and xylem embolisation (Loepfe &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Bartlett &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Scoffoni &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Gao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), while the strategies plants use to extract water from different soil layers in the field remain elusive (Kühnhammer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Root water uptake involves two distinct yet interconnected processes: radial water flow from the rhizosphere into root xylem vessels, and axial water flow through the xylem vessels (Vadez, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Compared to axial water flow, the pathways through which water moves from the rhizosphere into the xylem are multiple and complicated (Steudle &amp; Peterson, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;; Johnson &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Domec &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Recent research indicated that the resista","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nectar peroxide: assessing variation among plant species, microbial tolerance, and effects on microbial community assembly","authors":"Leta Landucci, Rachel L. Vannette","doi":"10.1111/nph.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70050","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Many flowering plants offer energy-dense nectar to attract pollinators. While nectar is an essential attractant for pollinators, it also presents a liability (González-Teuber &amp; Heil, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Heil, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). In addition to transporting pollen, pollinators act as vectors for dispersal-limited bacteria and fungi (Antonovics, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Herrera &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Harper &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Morris &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Some are plant pathogens and enter plants via floral tissues (González-Teuber &amp; Heil, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Sasu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; McArt &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;) while other microbes primarily reside within floral nectar, a chemically diverse habitat rich in nutrients (Pozo &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Chappell &amp; Fukami, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Adler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Microbial growth can modify nectar characteristics including pH, floral scent, sugar ratios and total concentration, amino acids, volume, and temperature, which have been shown to alter pollinator foraging behavior (Herrera &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Álvarez-Pérez &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Pozo &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Aizenberg-Gershtein &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Schaeffer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Rering &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Vannette &amp; Fukami, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; de Vega &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, many plant traits are hypothesized to protect nectar against potential disadvantageous changes induced by microbes (Adler, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Carter &amp; Thornburg, &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). High sugar concentrations reduce the number of bumble bee-vectored yeast species able to survive within the nectar of &lt;i&gt;Helleborus foetidus&lt;/i&gt; (Herrera &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). Undetermined chemical properties of nectar also reduce the growth of bacterial wilt in cucumber (Sasu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;These findings suggest the potential adaptive value of nectar antimicrobial mechanisms (Adler, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Herrera &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). However, much remains to be understood about the identity of and the mechanisms by which floral nectar components are responsible for reducing microbial growth, and whether strategies are conserved across phylogenetically diverse plant species. Floral nectar is a complex solution of metabolites and molecules in which carbohydrates, vitamins, lipids, amino acids, proteins, inorganic ions, and secondary compounds like alkaloids and phenolics are diverse and, in some cases, abundant (Adler, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; González-Teuber &amp; Heil, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Palmer-Young &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Alkaloids, proteins, and hydrogen peroxide inhibit microbial growth in nectar or nectar analogs (Aizenberg-Gershtein &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Schmitt &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;202","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In a nutshell: pistachio genome and kernel development","authors":"Jaclyn A. Adaskaveg, Chaehee Lee, Yiduo Wei, Fangyi Wang, Filipa S. Grilo, Saskia D. Mesquida-Pesci, Matthew Davis, Selina C. Wang, Giulia Marino, Louise Ferguson, Patrick J. Brown, Georgia Drakakaki, Adela Mena Morales, Annalisa Marchese, Antonio Giovino, Esaú Martínez Burgos, Francesco Paolo Marra, Lourdes Marchante Cuevas, Luigi Cattivelli, Paolo Bagnaresi, Pablo Carbonell-Bejerano, J. Grey Monroe, Barbara Blanco-Ulate","doi":"10.1111/nph.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70060","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Tree nuts are the most carbon-efficient protein source of any food (Poore &amp; Nemecek, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Pistachios are also rich in unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins (Tsantili &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Marvinney &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Noguera-Artiaga &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Polari &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Mandalari &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Derbyshire &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Given that pistachio trees are highly resilient to abiotic stress, particularly drought and salinity, they are projected to be an important source of sustainable nutrition in the face of climate change over the next century (Moazzam Jazi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), with global production of pistachios having more than doubled over the past two decades (Food and Agricultural Organization; https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#search/pistachio; Fig. 1a).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;figure&gt;&lt;picture&gt;\u0000&lt;source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/8eb640e6-ec39-44b6-90b5-7fd50bc8df5b/nph70060-fig-0001-m.jpg\"/&gt;&lt;img alt=\"Details are in the caption following the image\" data-lg-src=\"/cms/asset/8eb640e6-ec39-44b6-90b5-7fd50bc8df5b/nph70060-fig-0001-m.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"/cms/asset/4e14a53a-d09a-4dd9-bc1b-94c3c45c3737/nph70060-fig-0001-m.png\" title=\"Details are in the caption following the image\"/&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;figcaption&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fig. 1&lt;span style=\"font-weight:normal\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div&gt;Open in figure viewer&lt;i aria-hidden=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;PowerPoint&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;Pistachio nut development is categorized into four distinct stages. (a) Comparison of United States (US) pistachio (&lt;i&gt;Pistacia vera&lt;/i&gt;) production to the world in the past 60 years (Food and Agricultural Organization; https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#search/pistachio). Pistachios (‘Kerman’) at Stage III on a tree (b) and a branch, (c) with nut and kernel anatomy. (d) Pistachio development (whole nut, halved nut, and kernel) assessed from April to September 2019 in California and categorized into four stages represented by calendar time and accumulated heat units expressed as growing degree days (GDD) in °C. Bar, 1 cm. The new stages were defined by assessing (e) whole nut and kernel area growth (mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), (f) dry weight (g) of the whole nut and kernel, (g) color changes in the hull measured in the &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;* color space (&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;*, or lightness, &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;* or redness, and &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;* or yellowness), (h) texture changes in the hull, shell, and kernel (kg of Force), (i) fat content in the kernel (g 100 g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; dry weight), and (j) kernel color changes measured in the &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;* color space. (e–j) Lines show fitted linear and linear mixed polynomial models as a function of heat accumulation (GDD). Error bars indicate SD from the means. (e–j) The stages are represented in a bar with distinct colors below the &lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;-axes. Stage I, light green; Stage II, green; Stage III, yel","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well-resolved phylogeny supports repeated evolution of keel flowers as a synergistic contributor to papilionoid legume diversification","authors":"Liming Cai, Domingos Cardoso, Lydia G. Tressel, Chaehee Lee, Bikash Shrestha, In-Su Choi, Haroldo C. de Lima, Luciano P. de Queiroz, Tracey A. Ruhlman, Robert K. Jansen, Martin F. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1111/nph.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>The butterfly-shaped keel flower is a highly successful floral form in angiosperms. These flowers steer the mechanical interaction with bees and thus are hypothesized to accelerate pollinator-driven diversification. The exceptionally labile evolution of keel flowers in Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) provides a suitable system to test this hypothesis.</li>\u0000<li>Using 1456 low-copy nuclear loci, we confidently resolve the early divergence history of Papilionoideae. Constrained by this backbone phylogeny, we generated a time tree for 3326 Fabales to evaluate the tempo and mode of diversification within a state-dependent evolutionary framework.</li>\u0000<li>The first keel flowers emerged <i>c.</i> 59.0 million years ago in Papilionoideae, predating the earliest fossil by 3–4 million years. The Miocene diversification of Papilionoideae coincided with the rapid evolution of keel flowers. At least six independent origins and 32 losses of keel flowers were identified in Papilionoideae, Cercidoideae, and Polygalaceae. However, the state-dependent diversification model was not favored.</li>\u0000<li>Lack of radiation associated with keel flowers suggests that diversification within Papilionoideae was not solely driven by pollinator-mediated selection, but instead an outcome of the synergistic effects of multiple innovations, including nitrogen fixation and chemical defense, as well as dispersal into subtropical and temperate regions.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucosinolates can act as signals to modulate intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata","authors":"Jessica C. Fernandez, Mohammad F. Azim, Nicole Adams, Morgan Strong, Sarbottam Piya, Min Xu, Jacob O. Brunkard, Tarek Hewezi, Carl E. Sams, Tessa M. Burch-Smith","doi":"10.1111/nph.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70032","url":null,"abstract":"en<span>This link goes to a English section</span>zh<span>This link goes to a Chinese section</span>es<span>This link goes to a Spanish section</span><p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Plasmodesmata (PD) allow direct communication across the cellulosic plant cell wall, facilitating the intercellular movement of metabolites and signaling molecules within the symplast. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> embryos with reduced levels of the chloroplast RNA helicase ISE2, intercellular trafficking and the number of branched PD were increased. We therefore investigated the relationship between altered <i>ISE2</i> expression and intercellular trafficking.</li>\u0000<li>Gene expression analyses in Arabidopsis tissues where <i>ISE2</i> expression was increased or decreased identified genes associated with the metabolism of glucosinolates (GLSs) as highly affected.</li>\u0000<li>Concomitant with changes in the expression of GLS-related genes, plants with abnormal <i>ISE2</i> expression contained altered GLS metabolic profiles compared with wild-type (WT) counterparts. Indeed, changes in the expression of GLS-associated genes led to altered intercellular trafficking in Arabidopsis leaves. Exogenous application of GLSs but not their breakdown products also resulted in altered intercellular trafficking.</li>\u0000<li>These changes in trafficking may be mediated by callose levels at PD as exogenous GLS treatment was sufficient to modulate plasmodesmal callose in WT plants. Furthermore, auxin metabolism was perturbed in plants with increased indole-type GLS levels. These findings suggest that GLSs, which are themselves transported between cells via PD, can act on PD to regulate plasmodesmal trafficking capacity.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabidopsis RGLG1/2 regulate flowering time under different soil moisture conditions by affecting the protein stability of TOE1/2","authors":"Wanqin Chen, Ting Wang, Xia Li, Jiannan Feng, Qingxiu Liu, Zhiyu Xu, Qiugui You, Lu Yang, Lei Liu, Shidie Chen, Zhichuang Yue, Houping Wang, Diqiu Yu","doi":"10.1111/nph.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Drought constitutes a significant environmental factor influencing the growth and development of plants. Consequently, terrestrial plants have evolved a range of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of soil water deficit. One such strategy, known as drought escape, involves the acceleration of flowering under drought, thereby enabling plants to complete their life cycle rapidly. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptive response remain largely unclear.</li>\u0000<li>Using genetic, molecular, and biochemical techniques, we demonstrated that the AP2 family proteins TARGET OF EAT 1/2 (TOE1/2) are essential for the drought escape response in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, with a significant reduction in their protein stability observed during this process.</li>\u0000<li>Our findings indicate that the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases RING DOMAIN LIGASE 1/2 (RGLG1/2) interact with TOE1/2 and facilitate their degradation within the nucleus. Under water deficit conditions, there is increased expression of <i>RGLG1</i>/<i>2</i>, and their protein products translocate to the nucleus to ubiquitinate and degrade TOE1/2, thereby enhancing the drought escape response.</li>\u0000<li>Furthermore, the loss of <i>TOE1</i>/<i>2</i> in drought conditions directly results in a reduction of drought resistance in plants, suggesting that drought escape is a high-risk behaviour for plants and that the RGLG1/2–TOE1/2 signalling cascade may serve as a central regulatory mechanism governing the trade-off between drought escape and drought tolerance in plants.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted metabolomics reveals novel metabolites in Lotus japonicus roots during arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis","authors":"Josef L. Ranner, Georg Stabl, Andrea Piller, Michael Paries, Sapna Sharma, Tian Zeng, Andrea Spaccasassi, Timo D. Stark, Caroline Gutjahr, Corinna Dawid","doi":"10.1111/nph.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70051","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a symbiosis between &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;. 80% of land plant species and fungi of the Glomeromycotina (Spatafora &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), increases mineral nutrient uptake and stress tolerance of plants (Smith &amp; Smith, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Zou &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), improving overall fitness (Liu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;), boosting photosynthetic rates (Zhu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;), growth, and yield (Ramírez-Flores &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Di Tomassi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Igiehon &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Sheteiwy &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The fungi collect mineral nutrients from the soil via their extraradical mycelium and release them to the plant inside the root. The plant, in return, nourishes the fungi with photoassimilates, mainly hexoses and lipids (Keymer &amp; Gutjahr, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Wipf &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). This nutrient exchange requires the formation of intracellular, highly branched fungal structures called arbuscules, which are surrounded by a plant membrane called the peri-arbuscular membrane, across which nutrient exchange takes place (Gutjahr &amp; Parniske, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). The environment affects plant development and physiology, and thus considerably influences the state of the symbiosis. Accordingly, the host plant dynamically regulates the formation of intracellular fungal structures such as hyphae and arbuscules and the extent of root colonization to keep the symbiotic advantages at an optimum (Koide &amp; Schreiner, &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;; Gutjahr &amp; Parniske, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Symbiosis is initiated through an interchange of molecular signals between plant and fungus. Plants grown under phosphate or nitrogen limitation release strigolactones, which activate fungal germination and hyphal branching. In turn, the fungi release chito-oligosaccharides and lipochito-oligosaccharides, which activate LysM receptor-like kinases on the plant side (summarized in Delaux &amp; Gutjahr, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). This triggers a symbiotic signalling cascade, including ion channels in the nuclear membrane evoking nuclear calcium oscillations, which are thought to be interpreted by a Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCamK, Charpentier &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Miller &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Activated CCaMK binds and phosphorylates the protein CYCLOPS, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of crucial symbiosis genes (Singh &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, CYCLOPS forms a complex with DELLA proteins to activate the transcription factor REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1 (RAM1; Pimprikar &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). The GIBBERELLIC-ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI), REPRESSOR of GAI (RGA) and SCARECROW (SCR) (GRAS; Pysh &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1999&lt;/span&gt;)) transcription factor RAM1 is involved in ac","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated colonisation of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa involved parallel adjustments of leaf cuticle traits","authors":"Clara Bertel, Erwann Arc, Magdalena Bohutínská, Dominik Kaplenig, Julian Maindok, Elisa La Regina, Guillaume Wos, Filip Kolář, Karl Hülber, Werner Kofler, Gilbert Neuner, Ilse Kranner","doi":"10.1111/nph.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;When the first plants conquered the land 500 to 450 million years ago (Becker, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;), several key innovations enabled them to cope with the challenges posed by the new environmental conditions. These challenges included, among other factors, a desiccating atmosphere, higher light intensities and greater temperature fluctuations. One of the innovations was the evolution of the cuticle, an impermeable, highly hydrophobic outermost layer of leaves, young shoots and other aerial parts (Kong &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). The cuticle covers the epidermal cells and acts as a physical barrier against uncontrolled water loss (Burghardt &amp; Riederer, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Kong &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) and also confers protection against various other environmental stress factors. It represents the first barrier to the entry of pests and pathogens (Serrano &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;), influences surface properties such as wettability and water run-off, plays a central role during development by establishing organ boundaries and may be involved in the screening of UV light in some species (Yeats &amp; Rose, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). It also helps create a suitable microenvironment for certain microorganisms, the phyllosphere (Kerstiens, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Riederer, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). Accordingly, cuticle traits can vary within a plant species, depending on the habitat (Xue &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Plant cuticles are composed of two highly hydrophobic components, cutin and cuticular waxes, which are assembled in several layers. While cutin mainly provides mechanical strength, cuticular waxes determine water permeability, leaf wettability and light reflectance, and thus play important roles in the adaptation to environmental stress factors, including drought, temperature fluctuations and plant–pathogen interactions. Cuticular waxes are embedded within the cuticle and also deposited as crystals on the surface (Bernard &amp; Joubes, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Key functional traits of cuticles, especially cuticle permeability for water vapour, are not directly related to cuticle thickness or to the total amount of waxes, but rather to the composition of its layers, and specifically to the accumulation of very-long-chain aliphatics (VLCA) (Jetter &amp; Riederer, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Seufert &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). The main classes of VLCAs found in cuticular waxes are alkanes, aldehydes, primary and secondary alcohols, ketones and esters (Yeats &amp; Rose, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;), which may contribute to reducing transpiration to varying degrees (Grncarevic &amp; Radler, &lt;span&gt;1967&lt;/span&gt;). For instance, the water vapour permeability determined for films of pure compounds was lower for aldehydes and very long chain alcohols than for alkanes of similar carbon chain length (Leyva-Gutierrez &amp; Wang, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Pathways for the biosynthesis of cutin and cuticular waxes have been partially c","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}