R2R3 MYB transcription factors, such as MYB16 and MYB106 (MYB16/106) in Arabidopsis thaliana, are recognized for their role in conical cell specification. However, the mechanism by which MYB16/106 orchestrate the morphogenesis of conical cells remains poorly understood. Here, we combined genetic analysis, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and live-cell imaging to clarify the MYB16/106-mediated conical cell development in Arabidopsis. Genetic characterization revealed that the myb16 myb106 double mutant exhibited flattened adaxial petal epidermal cells, having lost the wild-type conical shape, and displayed significantly disrupted cuticle nanoridge formation. Transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) analyses identified the direct transcriptional targets of MYB16/106, which include CYP86A7, CUS2, RXF26, and ABCB13. These genes encode pivotal regulators of cuticular wax and cutin biosynthesis, as well as lipid transport. Metabolomic profiling further validated that MYB16/106 coordinately modulate metabolic pathways associated with cuticle formation, consistent with their transcriptional regulation of cuticle-related targets. Furthermore, the myb16 and myb106 mutants exhibited physiological and cytoskeletal alterations, including an elevated apoplastic pH and disrupted cortical microtubule (CMT) organization. Collectively, our findings establish a hierarchical regulatory framework in which MYB16/106 act as central coordinators, integrating three cellular processes - cuticle biosynthesis, apoplastic pH balance, and CMT organization - to regulate conical cell morphogenesis.
{"title":"MYB16 and MYB106 promote conical cell morphogenesis by modulating cuticle production, apoplastic pH, and microtubule organization.","authors":"Lilan Zhu,Mengting Deng,Xian He,Jia Sun,Yilan Xiao,Ziying Kuang,Kexin Qiu,Binqing Chen,Huibo Ren,Haifeng Wang,Xie Dang,Deshu Lin","doi":"10.1111/nph.70972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70972","url":null,"abstract":"R2R3 MYB transcription factors, such as MYB16 and MYB106 (MYB16/106) in Arabidopsis thaliana, are recognized for their role in conical cell specification. However, the mechanism by which MYB16/106 orchestrate the morphogenesis of conical cells remains poorly understood. Here, we combined genetic analysis, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and live-cell imaging to clarify the MYB16/106-mediated conical cell development in Arabidopsis. Genetic characterization revealed that the myb16 myb106 double mutant exhibited flattened adaxial petal epidermal cells, having lost the wild-type conical shape, and displayed significantly disrupted cuticle nanoridge formation. Transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) analyses identified the direct transcriptional targets of MYB16/106, which include CYP86A7, CUS2, RXF26, and ABCB13. These genes encode pivotal regulators of cuticular wax and cutin biosynthesis, as well as lipid transport. Metabolomic profiling further validated that MYB16/106 coordinately modulate metabolic pathways associated with cuticle formation, consistent with their transcriptional regulation of cuticle-related targets. Furthermore, the myb16 and myb106 mutants exhibited physiological and cytoskeletal alterations, including an elevated apoplastic pH and disrupted cortical microtubule (CMT) organization. Collectively, our findings establish a hierarchical regulatory framework in which MYB16/106 act as central coordinators, integrating three cellular processes - cuticle biosynthesis, apoplastic pH balance, and CMT organization - to regulate conical cell morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Ren,Yuanyuan Xu,Moyang Liu,Lipeng Zhang,Yue Song,Junpeng Li,Jingjing Liu,Dongying Fan,Zhen Zhang,Juan He,Jiuyun Wu,Qian Zha,Zhen Gao,Zheng'an Yang,Chao Ma
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules that arise from exon back-splicing. The identification and function investigation of circRNAs have been comprehensively explored in plants, however, the regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. This study employed genetic transformation, circRNA pull-down assay, ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and the circRNA trimolecular fluorescence complementation (cTriFC) system to investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of a circRNA Vv-circCOR27 in grapevine. Vv-circCOR27 expression was suppressed under heat stress and was markedly lower in thermotolerant cultivars. In addition, overexpression of Vv-circCOR27, using an expression cassette with endogenous introns inserted into circRNA-producing exons to minimize the background level of cognate linear RNA, was shown to exacerbate thermotolerance in grapevine embryogenic calli and seedlings. Biochemical assays demonstrate that Vv-circCOR27 binds directly to heat shock protein 90.2b (VvHSP90.2b). Further evidence indicated that Vv-circCOR27 inhibits the interaction between VvHsfA7a and VvHSP90.2b in vivo, which resulted in the downregulation of small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes under heat stress in Vv-circCOR27 overexpression calli. Collectively, this finding suggests a model in which thermotolerance is fine-tuned by Vv-circCOR27 via competitively binding to VvHSP90.2b, thereby attenuating its interaction with VvHsfA7a and subsequent transactivation. This work advances understanding of circRNA regulatory mechanisms in plants.
{"title":"Circular RNA Vv-circCOR27 modulates thermotolerance through attenuating VvHSP90.2b-VvHsfA7a interaction in grapevine.","authors":"Yi Ren,Yuanyuan Xu,Moyang Liu,Lipeng Zhang,Yue Song,Junpeng Li,Jingjing Liu,Dongying Fan,Zhen Zhang,Juan He,Jiuyun Wu,Qian Zha,Zhen Gao,Zheng'an Yang,Chao Ma","doi":"10.1111/nph.70962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70962","url":null,"abstract":"Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules that arise from exon back-splicing. The identification and function investigation of circRNAs have been comprehensively explored in plants, however, the regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. This study employed genetic transformation, circRNA pull-down assay, ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and the circRNA trimolecular fluorescence complementation (cTriFC) system to investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of a circRNA Vv-circCOR27 in grapevine. Vv-circCOR27 expression was suppressed under heat stress and was markedly lower in thermotolerant cultivars. In addition, overexpression of Vv-circCOR27, using an expression cassette with endogenous introns inserted into circRNA-producing exons to minimize the background level of cognate linear RNA, was shown to exacerbate thermotolerance in grapevine embryogenic calli and seedlings. Biochemical assays demonstrate that Vv-circCOR27 binds directly to heat shock protein 90.2b (VvHSP90.2b). Further evidence indicated that Vv-circCOR27 inhibits the interaction between VvHsfA7a and VvHSP90.2b in vivo, which resulted in the downregulation of small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes under heat stress in Vv-circCOR27 overexpression calli. Collectively, this finding suggests a model in which thermotolerance is fine-tuned by Vv-circCOR27 via competitively binding to VvHSP90.2b, thereby attenuating its interaction with VvHsfA7a and subsequent transactivation. This work advances understanding of circRNA regulatory mechanisms in plants.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While BRASSINOSTEROID (BR) SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs) are known to interact with the BR receptor BR-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), the extent of their genetic redundancy and essential contribution to BR signaling remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically investigate the function of BSK family members and uncover novel developmental outputs controlled by BR signaling via BSKs mediated pathway in Arabidopsis. We generated an undecuple bsk knockout/knockdown mutant (bsk-u) in Arabidopsis. Comprehensive phenotypic observation, molecular analyses, and genetic complementation were performed to characterize the mutant. Subsequently, the role of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 (LBD16) in mediating BR-suppressed adventitious root (AR) development was further examined using genetic and physiological approaches. The bsk-u mutant exhibited severe BR-insensitive phenotypes, including dwarfism, impaired BZR1 dephosphorylation, and attenuated transcriptional responses to BR. We identified LBD16 as a key BZR1 target repressed by BR signaling. BR application inhibited AR formation in wild-type explants, whereas BR-deficient mutants produced more ARs. Overexpression of LBD16 partially alleviated BR-mediated suppression of AR development. This study establishes that BSKs are indispensable for the BR signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, it reveals a novel role for BR in negatively regulating AR development through transcriptional repression of LBD16, expanding our understanding of BR-mediated developmental control.
{"title":"BSK family kinases are essential for brassinosteroid signaling and suppression of adventitious rooting by repressing the expression of LBD16.","authors":"Jin Yan,Xiaolong Wang,Junjie Liu,Yuetian Wang,Jingjing Yue,Wenhui Wang,Yanjie Li,Yu Sun,Baowen Zhang,Wenqiang Tang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70924","url":null,"abstract":"While BRASSINOSTEROID (BR) SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs) are known to interact with the BR receptor BR-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), the extent of their genetic redundancy and essential contribution to BR signaling remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically investigate the function of BSK family members and uncover novel developmental outputs controlled by BR signaling via BSKs mediated pathway in Arabidopsis. We generated an undecuple bsk knockout/knockdown mutant (bsk-u) in Arabidopsis. Comprehensive phenotypic observation, molecular analyses, and genetic complementation were performed to characterize the mutant. Subsequently, the role of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 (LBD16) in mediating BR-suppressed adventitious root (AR) development was further examined using genetic and physiological approaches. The bsk-u mutant exhibited severe BR-insensitive phenotypes, including dwarfism, impaired BZR1 dephosphorylation, and attenuated transcriptional responses to BR. We identified LBD16 as a key BZR1 target repressed by BR signaling. BR application inhibited AR formation in wild-type explants, whereas BR-deficient mutants produced more ARs. Overexpression of LBD16 partially alleviated BR-mediated suppression of AR development. This study establishes that BSKs are indispensable for the BR signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, it reveals a novel role for BR in negatively regulating AR development through transcriptional repression of LBD16, expanding our understanding of BR-mediated developmental control.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Salehimoghaddam,Alexander P Hynes,Rebecca T Doyle
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are critical players for shaping the taxonomic and functional composition of plant-associated microbiomes. Yet, their roles in plant health remain overlooked, along with their implications for sustainable agriculture. While phages are recognized as bacterial predators, they can also promote bacterial survival and competitiveness. Here, we highlight the roles phage play in shaping soil microbiomes and promising phage-based applications for sustainable agriculture. Ongoing research highlights the diverse roles of phages in regulating bacterial populations, enhancing nutrient cycling, improving stress tolerance, and suppressing soil-borne pathogens - microbial traits that directly link to plant health. Additionally, emerging applications such as bioremediation, phage-based biosensors, and microbiome engineering underscore phages' potential to revolutionize sustainable farming and optimize agricultural productivity.
{"title":"From bacterial predators to partners: phages in agriculture.","authors":"Zahra Salehimoghaddam,Alexander P Hynes,Rebecca T Doyle","doi":"10.1111/nph.70959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70959","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are critical players for shaping the taxonomic and functional composition of plant-associated microbiomes. Yet, their roles in plant health remain overlooked, along with their implications for sustainable agriculture. While phages are recognized as bacterial predators, they can also promote bacterial survival and competitiveness. Here, we highlight the roles phage play in shaping soil microbiomes and promising phage-based applications for sustainable agriculture. Ongoing research highlights the diverse roles of phages in regulating bacterial populations, enhancing nutrient cycling, improving stress tolerance, and suppressing soil-borne pathogens - microbial traits that directly link to plant health. Additionally, emerging applications such as bioremediation, phage-based biosensors, and microbiome engineering underscore phages' potential to revolutionize sustainable farming and optimize agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) perform multiple regulatory functions in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying NO and H2S interaction remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to analyse the function of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) in the programmed cell death (PCD) response to cadmium (Cd2+) stress using GSNOR and LCD knockout and overexpressing transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our results confirmed that GSNOR, an enzyme that mediates NO dynamic equilibrium, and LCD, an enzyme involved in H2S generation, inhibit Cd2+ stress-induced PCD in tomato plants. GSNOR and LCD knockout plants were sensitive to Cd2+ and exhibited increased cell death compared to the controls. S-nitrosylation of GSNOR at Cys47 and LCD at Cys225 changed their subcellular localisation and decreased GSNOR and LCD activity, thereby increasing Cd2+ uptake and promoting PCD. Thus, S-nitrosylation attenuates the interaction between GSNOR and LCD during PCD. In conclusion, GSNOR and LCD are involved in the response to Cd2+ stress, and their interactions and S-nitrosylation play critical roles in NO- and H2S-induced Cd2+ stress responses.
{"title":"S-nitrosylation of GSNOR and LCD facilitates cadmium-induced programmed cell death in tomato seedlings.","authors":"Dengjing Huang,Xinfang Chen,Fahong Yun,Hua Fang,Xuetong Wu,Chunlei Wang,Jianqiang Huo,Weibiao Liao","doi":"10.1111/nph.70941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70941","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) perform multiple regulatory functions in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying NO and H2S interaction remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to analyse the function of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) in the programmed cell death (PCD) response to cadmium (Cd2+) stress using GSNOR and LCD knockout and overexpressing transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our results confirmed that GSNOR, an enzyme that mediates NO dynamic equilibrium, and LCD, an enzyme involved in H2S generation, inhibit Cd2+ stress-induced PCD in tomato plants. GSNOR and LCD knockout plants were sensitive to Cd2+ and exhibited increased cell death compared to the controls. S-nitrosylation of GSNOR at Cys47 and LCD at Cys225 changed their subcellular localisation and decreased GSNOR and LCD activity, thereby increasing Cd2+ uptake and promoting PCD. Thus, S-nitrosylation attenuates the interaction between GSNOR and LCD during PCD. In conclusion, GSNOR and LCD are involved in the response to Cd2+ stress, and their interactions and S-nitrosylation play critical roles in NO- and H2S-induced Cd2+ stress responses.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengtao Lu,Jiajian Xie,Fan Wang,Zheng Yuan,Jinbing Li,Litao Yang
We investigated unauthorized glyphosate-tolerant rice plants from fields where no genetically modified herbicide-resistant varieties have regulatory approval. The unusual herbicide tolerance phenotype suggested potential unauthorized genetic modification, necessitating comprehensive molecular characterization. We employed integrated analytical approaches: PCR screening for transgenic elements, quantitative polymerase chain reaction for copy number determination, Illumina whole-genome sequencing, and PacBio long-read sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis identified integration sites and insertion structures. Gene-specific and event-specific detection assays were developed following international regulatory standards. We identified six independent cisgenic rice events, each containing 4-9 tandem copies of a mutated rice OsEPSPS gene conferring glyphosate tolerance. Each event exhibited unique chromosomal integration sites, distinct flanking sequences, and complex tandem repeat structures. The mutations were absent from natural rice germplasm databases (3K RG), confirming intentional genetic modification. Detection assays achieved 0.05-0.1% limits of detection, meeting international performance standards. This study reveals critical gaps in current genetically modified organism monitoring systems that fail to detect cisgenic products. Our findings demonstrate that unauthorized cisgenic crops can evade conventional regulatory oversight, challenging biosafety management and international trade under process-based frameworks. This work underscores the urgent need to transition from element-based detection to comprehensive genomic approaches, providing essential methodologies for detecting new breeding technique products and maintaining regulatory oversight.
{"title":"Beyond traditional GMOs: a comprehensive approach to identify unknown cisgenic rice events.","authors":"Shengtao Lu,Jiajian Xie,Fan Wang,Zheng Yuan,Jinbing Li,Litao Yang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70942","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated unauthorized glyphosate-tolerant rice plants from fields where no genetically modified herbicide-resistant varieties have regulatory approval. The unusual herbicide tolerance phenotype suggested potential unauthorized genetic modification, necessitating comprehensive molecular characterization. We employed integrated analytical approaches: PCR screening for transgenic elements, quantitative polymerase chain reaction for copy number determination, Illumina whole-genome sequencing, and PacBio long-read sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis identified integration sites and insertion structures. Gene-specific and event-specific detection assays were developed following international regulatory standards. We identified six independent cisgenic rice events, each containing 4-9 tandem copies of a mutated rice OsEPSPS gene conferring glyphosate tolerance. Each event exhibited unique chromosomal integration sites, distinct flanking sequences, and complex tandem repeat structures. The mutations were absent from natural rice germplasm databases (3K RG), confirming intentional genetic modification. Detection assays achieved 0.05-0.1% limits of detection, meeting international performance standards. This study reveals critical gaps in current genetically modified organism monitoring systems that fail to detect cisgenic products. Our findings demonstrate that unauthorized cisgenic crops can evade conventional regulatory oversight, challenging biosafety management and international trade under process-based frameworks. This work underscores the urgent need to transition from element-based detection to comprehensive genomic approaches, providing essential methodologies for detecting new breeding technique products and maintaining regulatory oversight.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although tubby-like proteins (TLPs) are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes, their roles in orchestrating plant immune responses, particularly against obligate biotrophic pathogens, remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that TaTLP5, a member of the tubby-like F-box gene family, is rapidly upregulated following Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection. Silencing TaTLP5 in wheat enhances susceptibility to Pst, whereas its overexpression confers resistance by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, the molecular interaction mechanism underlying TaTLP5-mediated wheat disease resistance has been elucidated. The results showed that TaTLP5 forms an SKP1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with TaSKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1) and TaCullin1. Notably, this complex mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of TaCAT1 (Catalase1), a key susceptibility factor in wheat. This ubiquitination-dependent degradation of TaCAT1 elevates ROS accumulation, thereby enhancing wheat resistance against Pst. Our findings revealed a conserved regulatory module by which the TaTLP5-TaSKP1-TaCullin complex modulates ROS-dependent immunity via ubiquitination-mediated degradation of TaCAT1 during wheat-Pst interactions. These mechanistic insights highlight potential actionable targets for the rational breeding of disease-resistant crop varieties.
尽管管状蛋白（TLPs）在真核生物中是进化保守的，但它们在协调植物免疫反应中的作用，特别是对专性生物营养病原体的作用，仍然不清楚。在本研究中，我们发现tubby-like F-box基因家族成员TaTLP5在striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）感染后迅速上调。在小麦中沉默TaTLP5可以增强对Pst的敏感性，而其过表达则通过促进活性氧（ROS）的积累来增强抗性。此外，还阐明了tatlp5介导小麦抗病的分子相互作用机制。结果表明，TaTLP5与TaSKP1 （s期激酶相关蛋白1）和TaCullin1形成SKP1-Cullin1-F-box （SCF）型E3泛素连接酶复合物。值得注意的是，该复合物介导了小麦中一个关键的易感因子TaCAT1（过氧化氢酶1）的泛素化和降解。这种依赖于泛素化的TaCAT1降解提高了ROS积累，从而增强了小麦对Pst的抗性。我们的研究结果揭示了一个保守的调控模块，在小麦- pst相互作用过程中，TaTLP5-TaSKP1-TaCullin复合物通过泛素化介导的TaCAT1降解来调节ros依赖性免疫。这些机制的见解突出了抗病作物品种合理育种的潜在可行目标。
{"title":"Tubby-like protein TaTLP5 enhances stripe rust resistance in wheat by regulating TaCAT1 protein degradation.","authors":"Yanqin Zhang,Longhui Yu,Yi Lin,Shuangyuan Guo,Haoshan Liu,Xiaojie Wang,Zhensheng Kang,Xinmei Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70956","url":null,"abstract":"Although tubby-like proteins (TLPs) are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes, their roles in orchestrating plant immune responses, particularly against obligate biotrophic pathogens, remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that TaTLP5, a member of the tubby-like F-box gene family, is rapidly upregulated following Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection. Silencing TaTLP5 in wheat enhances susceptibility to Pst, whereas its overexpression confers resistance by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, the molecular interaction mechanism underlying TaTLP5-mediated wheat disease resistance has been elucidated. The results showed that TaTLP5 forms an SKP1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with TaSKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1) and TaCullin1. Notably, this complex mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of TaCAT1 (Catalase1), a key susceptibility factor in wheat. This ubiquitination-dependent degradation of TaCAT1 elevates ROS accumulation, thereby enhancing wheat resistance against Pst. Our findings revealed a conserved regulatory module by which the TaTLP5-TaSKP1-TaCullin complex modulates ROS-dependent immunity via ubiquitination-mediated degradation of TaCAT1 during wheat-Pst interactions. These mechanistic insights highlight potential actionable targets for the rational breeding of disease-resistant crop varieties.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semigamy is a rare fertilization anomaly in plants that enables haploid induction (HI), a valuable strategy for accelerating crop breeding; however, its molecular basis remains largely unexplored. We investigated transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms underlying semigamy mutant VSg in island cotton (Gossypium barbadense), which exhibits a high haploid induction rate during double fertilization. We combined cytological observations with time-resolved transcriptome profiling and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing across key fertilization stages. This integrative approach captured dynamic molecular changes associated with gamete nuclear fusion and early zygotic development. Compared with the wild-type, which displayed rapid polar nuclei fusion and normal free nuclear endosperm formation, the semigamy mutant showed delayed polar nuclei fusion and impaired sperm-egg nuclear fusion. Transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed genes enriched in membrane fusion processes, while epigenomic profiling revealed dynamic DNA methylation changes in genes encoding transmembrane proteins, cyclins, and kinesins, suggesting disrupted regulation of membrane dynamics and cell cycle progression. These results indicate that coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of nuclear fusion and cell cycle pathways underlie semigamy-induced developmental arrest and haploid induction. The study provides mechanistic insights into fertilization biology and highlights semigamy as a promising system for improving haploid breeding strategies in crops.
{"title":"Transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics underlying semigamy and haploid induction in Gossypium barbadense.","authors":"Tengyu Li,Chenlei Wang,Jingwen Pan,Yan Li,Jinbo Yao,Wei Chen,Zhipeng Yu,Yongshan Zhang,Shouhong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/nph.70943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70943","url":null,"abstract":"Semigamy is a rare fertilization anomaly in plants that enables haploid induction (HI), a valuable strategy for accelerating crop breeding; however, its molecular basis remains largely unexplored. We investigated transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms underlying semigamy mutant VSg in island cotton (Gossypium barbadense), which exhibits a high haploid induction rate during double fertilization. We combined cytological observations with time-resolved transcriptome profiling and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing across key fertilization stages. This integrative approach captured dynamic molecular changes associated with gamete nuclear fusion and early zygotic development. Compared with the wild-type, which displayed rapid polar nuclei fusion and normal free nuclear endosperm formation, the semigamy mutant showed delayed polar nuclei fusion and impaired sperm-egg nuclear fusion. Transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed genes enriched in membrane fusion processes, while epigenomic profiling revealed dynamic DNA methylation changes in genes encoding transmembrane proteins, cyclins, and kinesins, suggesting disrupted regulation of membrane dynamics and cell cycle progression. These results indicate that coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of nuclear fusion and cell cycle pathways underlie semigamy-induced developmental arrest and haploid induction. The study provides mechanistic insights into fertilization biology and highlights semigamy as a promising system for improving haploid breeding strategies in crops.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lena Hunt,Mariane S Sousa-Baena,Angelique A Acevedo,Leo Semana,Annabelle Wang,Rosemary A E Glos,Barbara A Ambrose,Charles T Anderson,Joyce G Onyenedum
Brassinosteroids impact the development of G-fibers - specialized cells that generate tension in plants. To explore the functional and genetic relationships between G-fibers and twining stems of Phaseolus vulgaris, we applied an active brassinosteroid and a brassinosteroid inhibitor to perturb G-fiber development and probed these phenotypes through gene expression and anatomical analyses. Brassinosteroid treatment generated phenotypes that affected three key features of twining: elongation, circumnutation, and G-fiber development. We examined anatomical and biochemical changes in the G-fibers through cross-sections, macerations, and immunohistochemistry. RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis allowed us to identify unique gene expression patterns for each treatment. Brassinosteroid treatment led to significantly elongated internodes with disrupted circumnutation and long, thin-walled G-fibers. By contrast, inhibitor treatment produced short internodes with thick G-fibers. These phenotypes corresponded with significant differential expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) genes, both at the onset of elongation and later, during G-layer deposition. Detection of xyloglucan in the G-layer, along with in situ hybridization, confirmed active xyloglucan remodeling after twining. Our results confirm the presence of xyloglucan in the G-layer of common bean, underscoring its importance in G-fiber function, and suggest a regulatory role for XTH genes in shaping the twining growth habit through modulation of cell wall properties.
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