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Endogenous viral elements are targeted by RNA silencing pathways in banana 香蕉中的 RNA 沉默途径以内源性病毒元件为目标。
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20112
Pierre-Olivier Duroy, Jonathan Seguin, Sébastien Ravel, Rajeswaran Rajendran, Nathalie Laboureau, Frédéric Salmon, Jean-Marie Delos, Mikhail Pooggin, Marie-Line Iskra-Caruana, Matthieu Chabannes

来自三个不同物种的内源香蕉条纹病毒(eBSV)整合子存在于芭蕉(Musa balbisiana)(B)而非尖嘴蕉(Musa acuminata)(A)的香蕉基因组中,它们能够在种间三倍体 AAB 香蕉杂交种中重组导致香蕉条纹病的功能性外显子病毒,但不能在二倍体(BB)母本系中重组,因为二倍体母本系含有相同的 eBSV 基因座。在这里,我们研究了这些 eBSV 的调控。使用 Illumina 和亚硫酸氢盐测序技术对无 eBSV 的 AAA 香蕉植株和带有 eBSV 的 BB 或 AAB 香蕉植株进行了深入分析,以确定来自 eBSV 的 siRNA、转录本和甲基化的特征。在 BB 植物中,eBSV 的 siRNA 积累序列和非积累序列都在 CG、CHG 和 CHH 三种上下文中被大量甲基化。我们的数据表明,在 BB 二倍体中,eBSV 在表观遗传水平上受到控制。这种调控不仅能防止它们的唤醒和对植物的系统性感染,还可能参与了 BB 植物对蚧壳虫传播的病毒感染的内在抵抗力。因此,这些发现对其他寄生综合病毒的植物资源也有意义。
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引用次数: 0
A thaumatin-like effector protein suppresses the rust resistance of wheat and promotes the pathogenicity of Puccinia triticina by targeting TaRCA 一种类似taumatin的效应蛋白通过靶向TaRCA抑制小麦的锈病抗性并促进三尖杉核菌的致病性
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20142
Jiaying Chang, Johannes Mapuranga, Xiaodong Wang, Haijiao Dong, Ruolin Li, Yingdan Zhang, Hao Li, Jie Shi, Wenxiang Yang
<h2> Introduction</h2><p>Naturally, plants are continuously threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses, and the most common biotic stresses include phytopathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi, etc. However, plants have developed a sophisticated multilayered immune system to protect themselves against attacks from potential pathogens (Dodds & Rathjen, <span>2010</span>; Jones <i>et al</i>., <span>2024</span>). When a pathogen infects a host plant, plants first significantly upregulate the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes to initiate the first line of defense (Fisher <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>; Dos & Franco, <span>2023</span>). Currently, 19 classes of PR proteins have been discovered based on structural similarity and functional activity (Dos & Franco, <span>2023</span>; Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), among which the sweet-tasting thaumatin homologs, thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) isolated from <i>Thaumatococcus danielli</i>, belong to the PR-5 family (Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Nawrot <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). Research indicates that TLPs play a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. For example, the stable expression of TaTLP1 in wheat enhanced resistance to <i>Pt</i> and common root rot (Cui <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). <i>AnTLP13</i> from <i>Ammopiptanthus nanus</i> localizes in the apoplast and overexpression of <i>AnTLP13</i> in tobacco enhanced its tolerance to low-temperature stress (Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). Wheat TaLr35PR5 is involved in the <i>Lr35</i>-mediated defense response of adult wheat against leaf rust disease (Zhang <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>). Silencing of <i>GhTLP19</i> rendered cotton more sensitive to drought and <i>Verticillium dahlia</i>, whereas overexpressing it in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> enhanced drought tolerance (Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>). TLP proteins purified from bananas trigger antifungal activity by inducing membrane disruption and cell wall disintegration in fungi (Jiao <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>). Currently, there is limited research on the function of TLPs in fungi. The effector protein PTTG_04779 in wheat leaf rust fungus contains a thaumatin domain and has been identified as a candidate protein for AvrLr19, which can inhibit BAX-induced programmed cell death in tobacco cells (Cui <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). However, the impact of TLP proteins in fungi on their pathogenicity has not been reported. Therefore, investigating the role of TLPs in the fungal pathogenic process is of significant importance for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of the pathogen.</p><p>The chloroplast plays a pivotal role in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism, which are important targets in the intricate virulence strategies of many pathogens. Recently, the chloroplast have been recognized as crucial hubs of immune signaling, serving as a fundamental component in the in
引言 自然界中,植物不断受到各种生物和非生物胁迫的威胁,最常见的生物胁迫包括植物病原菌、病毒和真菌等。然而,植物已经发展出一套复杂的多层免疫系统来保护自己免受潜在病原体的攻击(Dodds &amp; Rathjen, 2010; Jones et al.)当病原体感染寄主植物时,植物首先会显著上调致病相关(PR)基因的表达,以启动第一道防线(Fisher 等人,2012;Dos &amp; Franco,2023)。目前,根据结构相似性和功能活性已发现了 19 类 PR 蛋白(Dos &amp; Franco, 2023; Li 等人,2023),其中从 Thaumatococcus danielli 中分离出的甜味潮霉素同源物潮霉素样蛋白(TLPs)属于 PR-5 家族(Liu 等人,2019;Nawrot 等人,2021)。研究表明,TLPs 在植物对生物和非生物胁迫的反应中起着至关重要的作用。例如,在小麦中稳定表达 TaTLP1 可增强对铂和普通根腐病的抗性(Cui 等人,2021 年)。烟草中过表达 AnTLP13 可增强其对低温胁迫的耐受性(Liu 等,2023 年)。小麦 TaLr35PR5 参与了小麦成株对叶锈病的 Lr35 介导的防御反应(Zhang 等,2018)。沉默 GhTLP19 会使棉花对干旱和大丽花轮纹病更加敏感,而在转基因拟南芥中过表达 GhTLP19 则会增强耐旱性(Li 等人,2020)。从香蕉中纯化的 TLP 蛋白通过诱导真菌的膜破坏和细胞壁瓦解而激发抗真菌活性(Jiao 等,2018 年)。目前,有关 TLPs 在真菌中功能的研究十分有限。小麦叶锈病真菌中的效应蛋白PTTG_04779含有一个haumatin结构域,已被鉴定为AvrLr19的候选蛋白,可抑制烟草细胞中BAX诱导的程序性细胞死亡(Cui等,2023)。然而,真菌中的 TLP 蛋白对其致病性的影响尚未见报道。叶绿体在含氧光合作用和初级代谢中起着关键作用,是许多病原体错综复杂的毒力策略的重要目标。最近,人们认识到叶绿体是免疫信号传递的关键枢纽,是整合和解码环境信号的基本组成部分(Breen 等人,2022 年)。叶绿体到细胞核的逆行信号传递对于光合作用装置的高效运作和组装至关重要(Chan 等人,2016 年)。同样,叶绿体生长或代谢条件的改变也会导致细胞核中基因表达模式的显著改变(Koussevitzky 等人,2007 年),这表明叶绿体作为环境传感器的关键作用,它可以调节各种环境线索对特定核基因的转录调控(Li &amp; Kim, 2022 年)。叶绿体参与次生代谢产物和防御化合物的生产,也是活性氧(ROS)产生、钙振荡以及水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)等植物激素产生的场所,这些激素是植物防御机制中对抗生物营养性病原体(SA)和坏死性病原体(JA)的关键成分(Serrano et al、2016;Kretschmer 等人,2019;Kuzniak &amp; Kopczewski,2020;Littlejohn 等人,2021;Yokochi 等人,2021;Bittner 等人,2022)。叶绿体合成植物激素和多种次级代谢产物的能力与逆行信号和活性氧信号相结合,使其在感知和应对生物胁迫方面具有极大的灵活性。因此,这些过程为病原体开发直接或间接针对 "叶绿体免疫 "的机制提供了大量机会(Littlejohn 等人,2021 年)。在宿主与病原体的相互作用过程中,细菌、卵菌和真菌等各种病原体会分泌效应蛋白,靶向干扰叶绿体的功能(de Torres 等人,2015 年;Xu 等人,2019 年;Irieda &amp; Takano, 2021 年;Liu 等人,2021 年;Savage 等人,2021 年)。例如,纹枯病菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)(Pst)效应蛋白 Pst_12806 转位到叶绿体中,与小麦 TaISp 蛋白的 C 端 Rieske 结构域相互作用,减少防御相关基因的表达、胼胝质沉积和 ROS 的产生,从而促进 Pst 感染(Xu 等人,2019 年)。
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引用次数: 0
An allometry perspective on crops 农作物的测算视角
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20129
Adrianus J. Westgeest, François Vasseur, Brian J. Enquist, Rubén Milla, Alicia Gómez-Fernández, David Pot, Denis Vile, Cyrille Violle

Understanding trait–trait coordination is essential for successful plant breeding and crop modeling. Notably, plant size drives variation in morphological, physiological, and performance-related traits, as described by allometric laws in ecology. Yet, as allometric relationships have been limitedly studied in crops, how they influence and possibly limit crop performance remains unknown. Here, we review how an allometry perspective on crops gains insights into the phenotypic evolution during crop domestication, the breeding of varieties adapted to novel conditions, and the prediction of crop yields. As allometry is an active field of research, modeling and manipulating crop allometric relationships can help to develop more resilient and productive agricultural systems to face future challenges.

摘要了解性状与性状之间的协调对于成功的植物育种和作物建模至关重要。值得注意的是,植物的大小会驱动形态、生理和性能相关性状的变化,正如生态学中的异速定律所描述的那样。然而,由于对作物中的异速关系研究有限,它们如何影响并可能限制作物的表现仍是未知数。在此,我们回顾了从作物的异速关系角度如何深入了解作物驯化过程中的表型演变、适应新条件的品种培育以及作物产量预测。由于作物异生关系是一个活跃的研究领域,对作物异生关系进行建模和操作有助于开发更具弹性和生产力的农业系统,以应对未来的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Photosynthetic ROS and retrograde signaling pathways 光合 ROS 和逆行信号途径
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20134
Keun Pyo Lee, Chanhong Kim

Sessile plants harness mitochondria and chloroplasts to sense and adapt to diverse environmental stimuli. These complex processes involve the generation of pivotal signaling molecules, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, volatiles, and diverse metabolites. Furthermore, the specific modulation of chloroplast proteins, through activation or deactivation, significantly enhances the plant's capacity to engage with its dynamic surroundings. While existing reviews have extensively covered the role of plastidial retrograde modules in developmental and light signaling, our focus lies in investigating how chloroplasts leverage photosynthetic ROS to navigate environmental fluctuations and counteract oxidative stress, thereby sustaining primary metabolism. Unraveling the nuanced interplay between photosynthetic ROS and plant stress responses holds promise for uncovering new insights that could reinforce stress resistance and optimize net photosynthesis rates. This exploration aspires to pave the way for innovative strategies to enhance plant resilience and agricultural productivity amidst changing environmental conditions.

摘要无性繁殖植物利用线粒体和叶绿体来感知和适应各种环境刺激。这些复杂的过程涉及产生关键的信号分子,包括活性氧(ROS)、植物激素、挥发性物质和各种代谢物。此外,通过激活或失活叶绿体蛋白的特定调节,可显著增强植物与周围动态环境接触的能力。现有的综述广泛介绍了质体逆行模块在发育和光信号转导中的作用,而我们的重点则是研究叶绿体如何利用光合 ROS 来驾驭环境波动和抵御氧化应激,从而维持初级新陈代谢。揭示光合 ROS 与植物胁迫反应之间微妙的相互作用,有望发现加强抗胁迫能力和优化净光合作用率的新见解。这一探索有望为在不断变化的环境条件下提高植物抗逆性和农业生产力的创新战略铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal acclimation of ecosystem processes to climate warming 生态系统过程对气候变暖的热适应性
IF 9.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20131
Jinsong Wang, Shuli Niu
<div>The Earth's climate is changing rapidly, with temperature increases posing significant challenges to the biosphere. How the timing of life-history events in organisms, which is closely linked to many ecosystem functions, responds to increasing global temperatures is an emerging ecological frontier (Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). In a recent <i>New Phytologist</i> article, Lu <i>et al</i>. (<span>2024</span>, doi: 10.1111/nph.20019) show that plant phenology responses to elevated temperatures level off with warming magnitude and experimental duration. This provides solid empirical evidence for the acclimation of plant phenology to higher and longer warming. <blockquote><p>‘In addition to the activities related to these recurring biological events, other ecosystem processes are likely to acclimate to climate warming as well.’</p><div></div></blockquote></div><p>Plant phenology has showed complex responses to climate warming, with implications for a wide range of ecosystem functions and services. However, whether the responses of plant phenophases will strengthen or weaken with greater degrees of warming or long-term warming remains a challenge for ecological research. Using a global meta-analysis of 103 experimental warming studies, Lu <i>et al</i>. show that: (1) the response of plant phenology levels off with increasing warming magnitude for herbaceous plants, but not for woody plants; and (2) warming effects on plant phenology also diminish with longer experimental duration, and the slowed rates are regulated by climatic factors. Although previous studies have already found the attenuated leaf-out response to rising warming magnitude in temperate species (Fu <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>), the study by Lu <i>et al</i>. provides new evidence for long-term thermal acclimation of different plant phenophases at the global scale. These findings highlight that as climate warming continues; shifts in plant phenology may be less than anticipated.</p><p>In addition to the activities related to these recurring biological events, other ecosystem processes are likely to acclimate to climate warming as well. For example, it is well characterized that plant photosynthesis increases with temperature and reaches an optimum temperature, beyond which photosynthetic rates decline (Sendall <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>). Gross primary production (GPP), which is jointly controlled by plant phenology and photosynthesis (Xia <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>), generally increases with temperature until it reaches an optimal temperature, beyond which GPP declines at higher temperatures (Fig. 1) (Huang <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Wang <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). Similarly, recent studies suggest widespread optimum temperatures of respiration at leaves, microbes, and ecosystems to global scales (Niu <i>et al</i>., <span>2024</span>). The widespread thermal optimality of GPP also leads to an optimum temperature of net ecosystem exchange
然而,当气温持续数年或数十年升高时,可能会出现进化适应,适应性较差的物种会被耐热性更强的物种所取代(McGaughran 等人,2021 年)。因此,在长期变暖的情况下,植被或微生物群落的变化可能会导致陆地生态系统的热适应(Melillo 等,2017 年)。然而,不同生命形式的反应速度可能会有很大差异;例如,Lu 等人的研究表明,虽然草本植物和木本植物的物候反应都会随着时间的推移而降低,但草本物种由于进化速度较快,比木本植物更有可能经历快速的进化适应。Lu 等人还指出,土壤水分、养分供应和光合基质等其他限制因素可能会变得更加重要,并在较长时期内制约对温度上升的物候反应。同样,之前的一项研究表明,全球 326 个涡度协方差站点显示,在水分有限的地区,GPP 的适应速度较慢(Wang 等人,2023 年),这表明在植被适应未来变暖的过程中,潮湿地区将比干旱和温暖地区更能吸收碳。尽管越来越多的证据表明,陆地生态系统在不同组织水平上的热适应对气候变暖做出了反应,但地上和地下过程适应之间的相互作用及其内在机制仍不清楚。以往的研究发现,与地上物候相比,地下物候,如根系、微生物和土壤动物的物候,往往对气候变暖做出不同步的反应(Liu 等,2022 年;Yin 等,2023 年)。根据 Lu 等人的研究结果,必须在不同的生态系统中进行地上和地下变暖的全生态系统实地实验(图 2),以区分不同生物(如叶、根、土壤微生物和动物)的热适应程度以及与生态系统功能和服务相关的各种生态过程。这些全生态系统增温实验将迈出关键的一步,并丰富现有的实验(这些实验大多集中在地上部分)。操纵实验于 2022 年在一个沼泽地中进行,以模拟地面和地下增温。通过在离地面约 1.5 米的圆形地块(直径 3 米)中心悬挂两个红外线辐射器来实现地面增温。地下加温是通过将 20 根 1 米长的电阻加热电缆插入不锈钢棒并垂直插入地下来实现的。在地表土壤(5 厘米)中埋入两圈直径分别为 1 米和 2 米的加热电缆,以补偿地表热量损失。这样的全生态系统加温可以让人们对一些关键问题有新的认识,这些问题与变暖世界中陆地生态系统的热适应有关。例如,地面和地下过程(如植物光合作用、叶呼吸、根呼吸和微生物呼吸)是否会以同样的速度适应气候变暖?如果不是,哪些因素可以解释它们在热适应程度上的差异?Lu 等人的研究表明,进化适应可能会随着变暖时间的延长而发生,这可能是植物物候反应随时间推移而减弱的原因。随着实验持续时间的延长,植被和微生物群落以及土壤水分和养分的可用性可能会随时间发生变化。这些生物和非生物因素的变化提出了更多问题,例如物种组成的变化将如何调节陆地生态系统的热适应?土壤水分和养分是否会受到长期变暖的显著影响,进而间接限制陆地生态系统的热响应?整个生态系统变暖实验的结果很可能会揭示生态系统对变暖响应的新模式和新机制,这对模型的基准设定非常有价值。这一研究领域的未来进展应进一步将这些实地数据与排除其他协变量的模型结合起来,以推断温度与生态系统反应之间的因果关系,因为在现实世界中很难辨别气候变暖对陆地生态系统的内在影响。
{"title":"Thermal acclimation of ecosystem processes to climate warming","authors":"Jinsong Wang, Shuli Niu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20131","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;The Earth's climate is changing rapidly, with temperature increases posing significant challenges to the biosphere. How the timing of life-history events in organisms, which is closely linked to many ecosystem functions, responds to increasing global temperatures is an emerging ecological frontier (Liu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). In a recent &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt; article, Lu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;, doi: 10.1111/nph.20019) show that plant phenology responses to elevated temperatures level off with warming magnitude and experimental duration. This provides solid empirical evidence for the acclimation of plant phenology to higher and longer warming. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘In addition to the activities related to these recurring biological events, other ecosystem processes are likely to acclimate to climate warming as well.’&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/blockquote&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Plant phenology has showed complex responses to climate warming, with implications for a wide range of ecosystem functions and services. However, whether the responses of plant phenophases will strengthen or weaken with greater degrees of warming or long-term warming remains a challenge for ecological research. Using a global meta-analysis of 103 experimental warming studies, Lu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. show that: (1) the response of plant phenology levels off with increasing warming magnitude for herbaceous plants, but not for woody plants; and (2) warming effects on plant phenology also diminish with longer experimental duration, and the slowed rates are regulated by climatic factors. Although previous studies have already found the attenuated leaf-out response to rising warming magnitude in temperate species (Fu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;), the study by Lu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. provides new evidence for long-term thermal acclimation of different plant phenophases at the global scale. These findings highlight that as climate warming continues; shifts in plant phenology may be less than anticipated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In addition to the activities related to these recurring biological events, other ecosystem processes are likely to acclimate to climate warming as well. For example, it is well characterized that plant photosynthesis increases with temperature and reaches an optimum temperature, beyond which photosynthetic rates decline (Sendall &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Gross primary production (GPP), which is jointly controlled by plant phenology and photosynthesis (Xia &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;), generally increases with temperature until it reaches an optimal temperature, beyond which GPP declines at higher temperatures (Fig. 1) (Huang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Similarly, recent studies suggest widespread optimum temperatures of respiration at leaves, microbes, and ecosystems to global scales (Niu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The widespread thermal optimality of GPP also leads to an optimum temperature of net ecosystem exchange","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Streamlined screening platforms lead to the discovery of pachysiphine synthase from Tabernanthe iboga 通过简化筛选平台,从伊博加(Tabernanthe iboga)中发现茯苓碱合成酶
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20133
Mohamed O. Kamileen, Yoko Nakamura, Katrin Luck, Sarah Heinicke, Benke Hong, Maite Colinas, Benjamin R. Lichman, Sarah E. O'Connor

摘要 植物专一性代谢主要由细胞色素 P450(CYP450s)酶催化的关键化学支架的氧化定制驱动。在药用植物 Tabernanthe iboga(俗称伊博格)中发现的单萜吲哚生物碱(MIAs)tabersonine 和 pseudo-tabersonine,是通过氧化作用定制的,所涉及的酶仍然未知。在此,我们开发了一种简化的筛选策略,以测试烟草中 T. iboga CYP450s 的活性。利用多基因构建体编码塔巴索宁和假塔巴索宁支架的生物合成,我们旨在发现负责这些支架氧化转化的 CYP450s。我们的方法确定了两种 T. iboga 细胞色素 P450 酶:茯苓碱合成酶(PS)和 16-hydroxy-tabersonine 合成酶(T16H)。这些酶催化塔巴索碱的环氧化反应和特定位点羟基化反应,分别生成茯苓碱和 16-OH-塔巴索碱。这项工作为了解 MIAs 的生物合成途径提供了新的视角,并强调了将 N. benthamiana 和 Catharanthus roseus 作为植物酶功能表征平台的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
The small RNA biogenesis in rice is regulated by MAP kinase-mediated OsCDKD phosphorylation 水稻中的小 RNA 生物发生受 MAP 激酶介导的 OsCDKD 磷酸化调控
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20116
Dhanraj Singh, Neetu Verma, Balakrishnan Rengasamy, Gopal Banerjee, Alok Krishna Sinha

  • CDKs are the master regulator of cell division and their activity is controlled by the regulatory subunit cyclins and phosphorylation by the CAKs. However, the role of MAP kinases in regulating plant cell cycle or CDKs have not been explored.
  • Here, we report that the MAP kinases OsMPK3, OsMPK4, and OsMPK6 physically interact and phosphorylate OsCDKD and its regulatory subunit OsCYCH in rice. MAP kinases phosphorylate CDKD at Ser-168 and Thr-235 residues in OsCDKD. The MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of OsCDKD is required for its activation to control the small RNA biogenesis. The phosphodead version of OsCDKD fails to activate the C-terminal domain of RNA Polymerase II, thereby negatively impacting small RNA transcription.
  • Further, the overexpression lines of wild-type (WT) OsCDKD and phosphomimic OsCDKD show increased root growth, plant height, tiller number, panicle number, and seed number in comparison to WT, phosphodead OsCDKD-OE, and kinase-dead OsCDKD-OE plants.
  • In a nutshell, our study establishes a novel regulation of OsCDKD by MAPK-mediated phosphorylation in rice. The phosphorylation of OsCDKD by MAPKs imparts a positive effect on rice growth and development by regulating miRNAs transcription.
摘要 CDK 是细胞分裂的主调节器,其活性受调节亚基细胞周期蛋白和 CAK 磷酸化的控制。然而,MAP激酶在调控植物细胞周期或CDKs中的作用尚未得到探讨。在这里,我们报告了 MAP 激酶 OsMPK3、OsMPK4 和 OsMPK6 与水稻中的 OsCDKD 及其调控亚基 OsCYCH 发生物理相互作用并磷酸化。MAP 激酶在 OsCDKD 的 Ser-168 和 Thr-235 残基上磷酸化 CDKD。MAP 激酶介导的 OsCDKD 磷酸化是其活化以控制小 RNA 生物发生所必需的。OsCDKD的磷酸化版本不能激活RNA聚合酶II的C端结构域,从而对小RNA的转录产生负面影响。此外,野生型(WT)OsCDKD 和磷酸化拟态 OsCDKD 的过表达株系与 WT、磷酸化拟态 OsCDKD-OE 和激酶凋亡 OsCDKD-OE 株系相比,根系生长、株高、分蘖数、圆锥花序数和种子数均有所增加。总之,我们的研究发现了水稻中由 MAPK 介导的磷酸化对 OsCDKD 的新型调控。MAPKs对OsCDKD的磷酸化通过调节miRNAs的转录对水稻的生长发育产生了积极的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen sulfide antagonizes cytokinin to change root system architecture through persulfidation of CKX2 in Arabidopsis 硫化氢通过拟南芥中 CKX2 的过硫化作用拮抗细胞分裂素,从而改变根系结构。
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20122
Xiuyu Wang, Cuixia Liu, Tian Li, Fangyu Zhou, Haotian Sun, Fali Li, Ying Ma, Honglei Jia, Xiaoyue Zhang, Wei Shi, Chunmei Gong, Jisheng Li

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, which has been shown to play an important role in plant growth and development by coupling with various phytohormones. However, the relationship between H2S and cytokinin (CTK) and the mechanisms by which H2S and CTK affect root growth remain poorly understood.
  • Endogenous CTK was analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Persulfidation of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenases (CKXs) was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). ckx2/CKX2wild-type (WT), OE CKX2 and ckx2/CKX2Cys(C)62alanine(A) transgenic lines were isolated with the ckx2 background.
  • H2S is linked to CTK content by CKX2, which regulates root system architecture (RSA). Persulfidation at cysteine (Cys)62 residue of CKX2 enhances CKX2 activity, resulting in reduced CTK content. We utilized 35S-LCD/oasa1 transgenic lines to investigate the effect of endogenous H2S on RSA, indicating that H2S reduces the gravitropic set-point angle (GSA), shortens root hairs, and increases the number of lateral roots (LRs). The persulfidation of CKX2Cys62 changes the elongation of cells on the upper and lower flanks of LR elongation zone, confirming that Cys62 of CKX2 is the specificity target of H2S to regulate RSA in vivo.
  • In conclusion, this study demonstrated that H2S negatively regulates CTK content and affects RSA by persulfidation of CKX2Cys62 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
硫化氢(H2S)是一种内源性气态信号分子,已被证明可通过与各种植物激素的耦合作用在植物生长和发育过程中发挥重要作用。然而,人们对 H2S 和细胞分裂素(CTK)之间的关系以及 H2S 和 CTK 影响根系生长的机制仍然知之甚少。采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子交换-质谱(UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析了内源 CTK。以ckx2为背景分离出了ckx2/CKX2野生型(WT)、OE CKX2和ckx2/CKX2Cys(C)62丙氨酸(A)转基因品系。CKX2 将 H2S 与 CTK 含量联系起来,从而调节根系结构(RSA)。CKX2半胱氨酸(Cys)62残基的过硫化增强了CKX2的活性,导致CTK含量降低。我们利用 35S-LCD/oasa1 转基因品系研究了内源 H2S 对 RSA 的影响,结果表明 H2S 会降低重力定点角(GSA)、缩短根毛并增加侧根(LR)的数量。CKX2Cys62 的过硫化作用改变了侧根伸长区上下两翼细胞的伸长,证实了 CKX2 的 Cys62 是 H2S 在体内调控侧根伸长区的特异性靶标。总之,本研究证明了 H2S 通过过硫化 CKX2Cys62 负向调节拟南芥中 CTK 的含量并影响 RSA。
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引用次数: 0
Current challenges for plant biology research in the Global South 当前全球南部地区植物生物学研究面临的挑战
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20083
Gabriela Auge, Rohan Shawn Sunil, Robert A. Ingle, Puthan Valappil Rahul, Marek Mutwil, José M. Estevez

In an attempt to address the large inequities faced by the plant biology communities from the Global South (i.e. countries located around the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere) at international conferences, this Viewpoint is the reflexive thinking arising from the concurrent session titled ‘Arabidopsis and its translational research in the Global South’ organized at the International Conference of Arabidopsis Research 2023 (ICAR 2023) in Chiba, Japan in June 2023. Here, we highlight the main obstacles plant biology communities in the Global South face in terms of knowledge production, as measured by the unequal production and citation of publications, investigating and advancing local plant genomics and biodiversity, combating disparities in gender and diversity, and current initiatives to break isolation of scientists.

为了解决全球南方(即位于热带地区和南半球的国家)植物生物学界在国际会议上面临的巨大不平等,本视点是 2023 年 6 月在日本千叶举行的拟南芥研究 2023 年国际会议(ICAR 2023)上组织的题为 "拟南芥及其在全球南方的转化研究 "的同期会议所产生的反思。在此,我们强调了全球南方植物生物学界在知识生产方面所面临的主要障碍(以出版物生产和引用的不平等为衡量标准)、调查和推进当地植物基因组学和生物多样性、消除性别和多样性方面的差异,以及当前打破科学家孤立状态的举措。
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引用次数: 0
Global patterns and controlling factors of tree bark C : N : P stoichiometry in forest ecosystems consistent with biogeochemical niche hypothesis 树皮 C 的全球模式和控制因素 :N :符合生物地球化学生态位假说的森林生态系统中 C : N : P 的化学计量。
IF 8.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20119
Haiyang Gong, Jordi Sardans, Heng Huang, Zhengbing Yan, Zhiqiang Wang, Josep Peñuelas

  • Bark serves crucial roles in safeguarding trees physically and chemically, while also contributing to nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Despite its importance, the broader biogeographical patterns and the potential factors influencing bark C : N : P stoichiometry in forest ecosystems remain largely unknown.
  • In this study, we compiled a comprehensive dataset comprising carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations in bark with 1240 records from 550 diverse forest sites to systematically analyze the large-scale patterns and the factors controlling bark C : N : P stoichiometry.
  • The geometric means of bark C, N, and P concentrations were found to be 493.17 ± 1.75, 3.91 ± 0.09, and 0.2 ± 0.01 mg g−1, respectively. Correspondingly, the C : N, C : P, and N : P mass ratios were 135.51 ± 8.11, 3313.19 ± 210.16, and 19.16 ± 0.6, respectively. Bark C : N : P stoichiometry exhibited conspicuous latitudinal trends, with the exception of N : P ratios. These patterns were primarily shaped by the significant impacts of climate, soil conditions, and plant functional groups. However, the impact of evolutionary history in shaping bark C : N : P stoichiometry outweigh climate, soil, and plant functional group, aligning with the biogeochemical niche (BN) hypothesis.
  • These finding enhance our understanding of the spatial distribution of bark nutrient stoichiometry and have important implications for modeling of global forest ecosystem nutrient cycles in a changing environment.
树皮在保护树木的物理和化学性质方面起着至关重要的作用,同时还有助于养分循环和碳封存。尽管树皮非常重要,但更广泛的生物地理格局和影响树皮碳.氮.磷.钾的潜在因素仍有待研究:N :P 的化学计量在很大程度上仍不为人所知。在这项研究中,我们从 550 个不同森林地点的 1240 条记录中汇编了一个包括树皮中碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)浓度的综合数据集,以系统分析树皮 C :N :P 的化学计量。结果发现,树皮中碳、氮、磷浓度的几何平均数分别为 493.17 ± 1.75、3.91 ± 0.09 和 0.2 ± 0.01 mg g-1。相应地,C :N、C :P 和 N :质量比分别为 135.51 ± 8.11、3313.19 ± 210.16 和 19.16 ± 0.6。树皮 C :N :除 N :P 比率除外。这些模式主要受气候、土壤条件和植物功能群的显著影响。然而,进化史对树皮 C :N :磷比例的影响超过了气候、土壤和植物功能群的影响,这与生物地球化学生态位(BN)假说一致。这些发现加深了我们对树皮养分比例空间分布的理解,对在不断变化的环境中建立全球森林生态系统养分循环模型具有重要意义。
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