Postfire nitrogen (N) becomes increasingly important with the rising frequency of fires in arctic tundra, and climate warming is expected to accelerate plant recovery following fire. However, how plants differ in utilizing this postfire N and how their postfire N uptake responds to warming remains unknown. We conducted a fire experiment in combination with a warming treatment using open top chambers (OTCs) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We investigated the longer-term fate of two postfire N forms by tracing inorganic N (15NH4 +-N and 15NO3 --N) and pyrogenic N pools (PyOM-15N) and examined how postfire N was acquired by vegetation at functional group- and species-specific levels. Most postfire inorganic and pyrogenic 15N (> 67%) was lost over the 4 yr following the fire, indicating limited N fertilization effects on plant recovery. Warming increased moss aboveground biomass and thus enhanced moss uptake of PyOM-15N. By contrast, warming increased the capacity of graminoids to take up inorganic 15N (+200%), despite their unchanged aboveground biomass. Our results show that warming alters postfire N cycling by shifting the pathways through which different plant functional groups access fire-derived N, with important implications for vegetation recovery and nutrient feedbacks in a warmer, more fire-prone Arctic.
{"title":"Effects of warming on plant uptake of post-fire nitrogen in an arctic heath tundra.","authors":"Wenyi Xu,Per Lennart Ambus","doi":"10.1111/nph.71047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71047","url":null,"abstract":"Postfire nitrogen (N) becomes increasingly important with the rising frequency of fires in arctic tundra, and climate warming is expected to accelerate plant recovery following fire. However, how plants differ in utilizing this postfire N and how their postfire N uptake responds to warming remains unknown. We conducted a fire experiment in combination with a warming treatment using open top chambers (OTCs) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We investigated the longer-term fate of two postfire N forms by tracing inorganic N (15NH4 +-N and 15NO3 --N) and pyrogenic N pools (PyOM-15N) and examined how postfire N was acquired by vegetation at functional group- and species-specific levels. Most postfire inorganic and pyrogenic 15N (> 67%) was lost over the 4 yr following the fire, indicating limited N fertilization effects on plant recovery. Warming increased moss aboveground biomass and thus enhanced moss uptake of PyOM-15N. By contrast, warming increased the capacity of graminoids to take up inorganic 15N (+200%), despite their unchanged aboveground biomass. Our results show that warming alters postfire N cycling by shifting the pathways through which different plant functional groups access fire-derived N, with important implications for vegetation recovery and nutrient feedbacks in a warmer, more fire-prone Arctic.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synergistically enhancing both photosynthetic rate (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in rice remains a major challenge for achieving high productivity in the future. In this study, 37 cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) varieties with significant variation in stomatal morphological traits were selected for pot experiments. Among these, the two highest and two lowest stomatal density varieties were further subjected to drought treatments. Under well-watered conditions, stomatal density was identified as a key factor coordinating stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) among rice varieties by influencing mesophyll cell arrangement through stomatal development. Although increased stomatal density enhanced A, it did not synergistically improve iWUE. Under water stress, however, stomatal aperture decreased rapidly as drought intensified, gradually diminishing the positive effect of high stomatal density on gs until it disappeared. Notably, varieties with high stomatal density maintained higher gm than those with low stomatal density across the entire range of leaf water potentials measured, enabling simultaneous enhancement of both A and iWUE under drought conditions. Our study demonstrates that high stomatal density can synergistically enhance both A and iWUE under drought conditions, underscoring its potential utility in breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties.
{"title":"Contrasting effects of high stomatal density on rice photosynthesis and water use efficiency: synergistic enhancement under drought but not under well-watered conditions.","authors":"Qiangqiang Zhang,Shan Hu,Ziyu Zhang,Zicheng Yuan,Xiu Deng,Qianchao Wu,Jian Ke,Haibing He,Cuicui You,Liquan Wu","doi":"10.1111/nph.71055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71055","url":null,"abstract":"Synergistically enhancing both photosynthetic rate (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in rice remains a major challenge for achieving high productivity in the future. In this study, 37 cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) varieties with significant variation in stomatal morphological traits were selected for pot experiments. Among these, the two highest and two lowest stomatal density varieties were further subjected to drought treatments. Under well-watered conditions, stomatal density was identified as a key factor coordinating stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) among rice varieties by influencing mesophyll cell arrangement through stomatal development. Although increased stomatal density enhanced A, it did not synergistically improve iWUE. Under water stress, however, stomatal aperture decreased rapidly as drought intensified, gradually diminishing the positive effect of high stomatal density on gs until it disappeared. Notably, varieties with high stomatal density maintained higher gm than those with low stomatal density across the entire range of leaf water potentials measured, enabling simultaneous enhancement of both A and iWUE under drought conditions. Our study demonstrates that high stomatal density can synergistically enhance both A and iWUE under drought conditions, underscoring its potential utility in breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To-Chia Ting,D Scott Mackay,Jinha Jung,Matthew P Reynolds,Yang Yang,Diane R Wang
The last decade has marked a period of rapid innovation in high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) of plants. This includes the establishment of robotic phenotyping infrastructure, development of new sensors, and improvements in computation for downstream analysis. While HTP approaches have revolutionized data collection, meaningful insights into plant function require a yet deeper connection between resultant HTP-based information and biological responses. We suggest that dynamic process-based plant models, which simulate growth and physiology in a time-explicit manner, can serve as a functional link between high-throughput methods and whole-plant mechanisms of growth. Using this framework, we review recent research that has leveraged HTP approaches for estimation of plant traits that are commonly used as process-based model (PBM) variables. Through this analysis, we review successes and identify emerging directions for future research. Finally, we highlight the varied ways that HTP can be used in conjunction with PBMs as a tool to advance discovery and improve prediction of plant growth.
{"title":"Beyond high-throughput: leveraging plant phenotyping to improve understanding and prediction of plant growth through process-based models.","authors":"To-Chia Ting,D Scott Mackay,Jinha Jung,Matthew P Reynolds,Yang Yang,Diane R Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.71039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71039","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has marked a period of rapid innovation in high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) of plants. This includes the establishment of robotic phenotyping infrastructure, development of new sensors, and improvements in computation for downstream analysis. While HTP approaches have revolutionized data collection, meaningful insights into plant function require a yet deeper connection between resultant HTP-based information and biological responses. We suggest that dynamic process-based plant models, which simulate growth and physiology in a time-explicit manner, can serve as a functional link between high-throughput methods and whole-plant mechanisms of growth. Using this framework, we review recent research that has leveraged HTP approaches for estimation of plant traits that are commonly used as process-based model (PBM) variables. Through this analysis, we review successes and identify emerging directions for future research. Finally, we highlight the varied ways that HTP can be used in conjunction with PBMs as a tool to advance discovery and improve prediction of plant growth.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stomatal closure allows plants to conserve water by reducing transpiration during drought. Surprisingly, the assimilation of the macronutrient sulfur is intimately connected to the drought stress response. This Tansley insight will only briefly touch on the general impact of sulfate assimilation on the production of drought-response metabolites. Instead, the emphasis will be on the unexpected role of cysteine in triggering guard cell-autonomous abscisic acid biosynthesis in response to diverse drought-associated stresses. A particular focus will be on identifying the chloroplast-localized cysteine synthase complex as a sensor hub that integrates long-distance soil-drying signals and local high-light signals to mediate stress-induced stomatal closure. Furthermore, we will discuss the emerging role of cysteine-derived sulfide as a signal in stomatal closure.
{"title":"Novel roles of sulfur metabolism in stress-controlled stomata aperture regulation.","authors":"Sheng-Kai Sun,Rüdiger Hell,Markus Wirtz","doi":"10.1111/nph.71048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71048","url":null,"abstract":"Stomatal closure allows plants to conserve water by reducing transpiration during drought. Surprisingly, the assimilation of the macronutrient sulfur is intimately connected to the drought stress response. This Tansley insight will only briefly touch on the general impact of sulfate assimilation on the production of drought-response metabolites. Instead, the emphasis will be on the unexpected role of cysteine in triggering guard cell-autonomous abscisic acid biosynthesis in response to diverse drought-associated stresses. A particular focus will be on identifying the chloroplast-localized cysteine synthase complex as a sensor hub that integrates long-distance soil-drying signals and local high-light signals to mediate stress-induced stomatal closure. Furthermore, we will discuss the emerging role of cysteine-derived sulfide as a signal in stomatal closure.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Copper transporters (COPTs) and chaperones (CCs) regulate root Cu+ transport and homeostasis. Basic helix-loop-helix107 (bHLH107)-mediated ACC synthesis 8 (ACS8) activation is crucial for Cu+-triggered immunity (CuTI) in Arabidopsis leaves. Here, we aimed to identify the components of COPTs and CCs and elucidate their roles in CuTI. Six copt mutants were screened for Cu+-mediated resistance to Pst DC3000 and ACS8 activation. Protein interactions were evaluated using split luciferase complementation, membrane-based yeast two-hybrid, and pull-down assays. Cu+-triggered defense responses were analyzed with comparative RNA-seq profiling and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among copt1 to copt6, only copt4 attenuated Cu+-mediated immune responses, while COPT4 abolished the transport of Cu+ alone. Intriguingly, COPT4 interacts with the complete transporter proteins COPT1 and COPT3. Similar to copt4 and bhlh107 copt4 plants, copt1 copt3 plants exhibited impaired Cu+-mediated bacterial load reduction and ACS8 induction. Compared with the wild-type, it also attenuated Cu+-mediated differentially expressed genes and copper accumulation, as did the copt4 plants. Furthermore, we revealed that the CCs of Arabidopsis homolog of anti-oxidant 1 (ATX1) interact with COPT1 or COPT3 but not with COPT4, which is involved in CuTI. Collectively, our findings suggest that COPT4 manipulates two redundant heterodimers to interact with ATX1, subsequently activating the Cu+-responsive module of bHLH107-ACS8 inside plant cells.
{"title":"COPT4 interacts with COPT1 or COPT3 to manipulate the signaling response for copper-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Haoran Xia,Yue Yu,Zhenfei Chen,Haifeng Liu,Tao Wang,Wenchao Huang,Zhaohui Chu","doi":"10.1111/nph.71043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71043","url":null,"abstract":"Copper transporters (COPTs) and chaperones (CCs) regulate root Cu+ transport and homeostasis. Basic helix-loop-helix107 (bHLH107)-mediated ACC synthesis 8 (ACS8) activation is crucial for Cu+-triggered immunity (CuTI) in Arabidopsis leaves. Here, we aimed to identify the components of COPTs and CCs and elucidate their roles in CuTI. Six copt mutants were screened for Cu+-mediated resistance to Pst DC3000 and ACS8 activation. Protein interactions were evaluated using split luciferase complementation, membrane-based yeast two-hybrid, and pull-down assays. Cu+-triggered defense responses were analyzed with comparative RNA-seq profiling and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among copt1 to copt6, only copt4 attenuated Cu+-mediated immune responses, while COPT4 abolished the transport of Cu+ alone. Intriguingly, COPT4 interacts with the complete transporter proteins COPT1 and COPT3. Similar to copt4 and bhlh107 copt4 plants, copt1 copt3 plants exhibited impaired Cu+-mediated bacterial load reduction and ACS8 induction. Compared with the wild-type, it also attenuated Cu+-mediated differentially expressed genes and copper accumulation, as did the copt4 plants. Furthermore, we revealed that the CCs of Arabidopsis homolog of anti-oxidant 1 (ATX1) interact with COPT1 or COPT3 but not with COPT4, which is involved in CuTI. Collectively, our findings suggest that COPT4 manipulates two redundant heterodimers to interact with ATX1, subsequently activating the Cu+-responsive module of bHLH107-ACS8 inside plant cells.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mai Sadeh, Daniella Schatz, Shifra Ben‐Dor, Avia Mizrachi, Shiri Graff van Creveld, Amichai Zafrin, Assaf Vardi
Summary Climate‐driven marine heatwaves (HW) are extreme, large‐scale events characterized by elevated ocean temperatures lasting from days to months. Despite their importance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of algal response to marine HW. Recent studies suggest that metacaspases play an important role in thermotolerance. Metacaspases are cysteine proteases structurally similar to caspases that are best known for their role in programmed cell death. In order to study the role of metacaspases in diatoms' thermotolerance, we exposed the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and mutants in the metacaspase genes to a 72‐h HW followed by a recovery phase that enables capturing the mechanisms underpinning acclimation. PtMCA‐III triple mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to the HW treatment, including induction of cell death that peaked days after returning to initial temperatures. We revealed that HW treatment led to accumulation of H 2 O 2 and PtMCA‐III mutants were hypersensitive to oxidative stress. Application of antioxidants before exposure to elevated temperature led to significantly higher survival. We propose that although metacaspases are classically considered part of the cell death machinery in algae, they have a pivotal role in diatom's acclimation to elevated temperatures, a trait vital for algal survival considering climate change.
{"title":"Metacaspases contribute to the cellular response to heat stress in a marine diatom","authors":"Mai Sadeh, Daniella Schatz, Shifra Ben‐Dor, Avia Mizrachi, Shiri Graff van Creveld, Amichai Zafrin, Assaf Vardi","doi":"10.1111/nph.71034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71034","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Climate‐driven marine heatwaves (HW) are extreme, large‐scale events characterized by elevated ocean temperatures lasting from days to months. Despite their importance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of algal response to marine HW. Recent studies suggest that metacaspases play an important role in thermotolerance. Metacaspases are cysteine proteases structurally similar to caspases that are best known for their role in programmed cell death. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> In order to study the role of metacaspases in diatoms' thermotolerance, we exposed the model diatom <jats:italic>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</jats:italic> and mutants in the metacaspase genes to a 72‐h HW followed by a recovery phase that enables capturing the mechanisms underpinning acclimation. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> PtMCA‐III triple mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to the HW treatment, including induction of cell death that peaked days after returning to initial temperatures. We revealed that HW treatment led to accumulation of H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and PtMCA‐III mutants were hypersensitive to oxidative stress. Application of antioxidants before exposure to elevated temperature led to significantly higher survival. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We propose that although metacaspases are classically considered part of the cell death machinery in algae, they have a pivotal role in diatom's acclimation to elevated temperatures, a trait vital for algal survival considering climate change. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyungyong Seong, Rakesh Kumar, Daniil M. Prigozhin, China Lunde, Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro, Sébastien Bélanger, Jo‐Wei Allison Hsieh, McCree Tang, Blake C. Meyers, Ksenia V. Krasileva
Summary Triticum turgidum cv Kronos is a tetraploid wheat cultivar that underpins one of the most widely used community platforms for functional genomics. Over the past decade, researchers have generated c . 3000 exome‐capture (EC) and promoter‐capture (PC) datasets linked to mutagenized seed stocks, along with extensive transcriptomic and phenotypic resources. However, the absence of a reference genome has constrained their full utility. We assembled a chromosome‐scale reference genome for Kronos, with high‐confidence annotations, including manual curation of over 1000 disease resistance (nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR)) genes and genome‐wide identification of microRNAs and phasiRNAs. We additionally reanalyzed EC and PC data to capture mutational landscapes across ethyl methane sulphonate‐mutagenized Kronos populations. We revealed previously hidden NLR diversity and resolved their genomic organization at chromosomal ends. Re‐analysis of capture datasets enabled high‐resolution mutation discovery in genes and regulatory regions, providing a more comprehensive view of the variations detectable in the Kronos mutant populations. Collectively, these resources provide a reference‐quality genomic framework for Kronos and position it as a versatile platform for functional and translational wheat research.
{"title":"The annotated blueprint: integrated functional genomic resources for a model tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum cv Kronos","authors":"Kyungyong Seong, Rakesh Kumar, Daniil M. Prigozhin, China Lunde, Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro, Sébastien Bélanger, Jo‐Wei Allison Hsieh, McCree Tang, Blake C. Meyers, Ksenia V. Krasileva","doi":"10.1111/nph.71006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Triticum turgidum</jats:italic> cv Kronos is a tetraploid wheat cultivar that underpins one of the most widely used community platforms for functional genomics. Over the past decade, researchers have generated <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> . 3000 exome‐capture (EC) and promoter‐capture (PC) datasets linked to mutagenized seed stocks, along with extensive transcriptomic and phenotypic resources. However, the absence of a reference genome has constrained their full utility. We assembled a chromosome‐scale reference genome for Kronos, with high‐confidence annotations, including manual curation of over 1000 disease resistance (nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR)) genes and genome‐wide identification of microRNAs and phasiRNAs. We additionally reanalyzed EC and PC data to capture mutational landscapes across ethyl methane sulphonate‐mutagenized Kronos populations. We revealed previously hidden NLR diversity and resolved their genomic organization at chromosomal ends. Re‐analysis of capture datasets enabled high‐resolution mutation discovery in genes and regulatory regions, providing a more comprehensive view of the variations detectable in the Kronos mutant populations. Collectively, these resources provide a reference‐quality genomic framework for Kronos and position it as a versatile platform for functional and translational wheat research.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"336 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146777723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo H. Labiak, Li‐Yaung Kuo, Blake D. Fauskee, Kenneth G. Karol
Summary Plastid genomes (plastomes) of land plants are characterized by their architectural and genic content stability. However, fern plastomes exhibit unexpected dynamism, characterized by the presence of mobile protein‐coding genes (CDS) – Mobile Open Reading Frames in Fern Organelles (MORFFOs). We investigate the evolutionary dynamics of MORFFOs in 30 species of Anemiaceae (Schizaeales), an ancient lineage of ferns, focusing on their transposition, substitution patterns, codon usages, and RNA editing patterns. MORFFOs expand plastome size and occur in diverse intergenic regions, exhibiting dynamic locations, genealogies, and exceptionally high substitution rates compared with canonical plastid CDS. Sliding window and codon usage analyses demonstrate that MORFFOs are under purifying selection but exhibit distinct codon preferences that deviate from those of other plastid CDS, suggesting functional constraints. Phylogenetic incongruence between MORFFOs and other plastid CDS, along with their extraordinary substitution rates and mobility, implies their replication outside plastids. Our findings highlight that MORFFOs are dynamic, potentially selfish genetic elements capable of transcription, translation, and replication independently from plastomes, and fern plastomes might acquire these mobile CDS through frequent horizontal gene transfer and possibly intracellular gene transfer.
{"title":"Evolutionary mobility and genetic dynamics of MORFFO genes: shuttling among ancient plant lineages","authors":"Paulo H. Labiak, Li‐Yaung Kuo, Blake D. Fauskee, Kenneth G. Karol","doi":"10.1111/nph.70986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70986","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Plastid genomes (plastomes) of land plants are characterized by their architectural and genic content stability. However, fern plastomes exhibit unexpected dynamism, characterized by the presence of mobile protein‐coding genes (CDS) – Mobile Open Reading Frames in Fern Organelles (MORFFOs). </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We investigate the evolutionary dynamics of MORFFOs in 30 species of Anemiaceae (Schizaeales), an ancient lineage of ferns, focusing on their transposition, substitution patterns, codon usages, and RNA editing patterns. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> MORFFOs expand plastome size and occur in diverse intergenic regions, exhibiting dynamic locations, genealogies, and exceptionally high substitution rates compared with canonical plastid CDS. Sliding window and codon usage analyses demonstrate that MORFFOs are under purifying selection but exhibit distinct codon preferences that deviate from those of other plastid CDS, suggesting functional constraints. Phylogenetic incongruence between MORFFOs and other plastid CDS, along with their extraordinary substitution rates and mobility, implies their replication outside plastids. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our findings highlight that MORFFOs are dynamic, potentially selfish genetic elements capable of transcription, translation, and replication independently from plastomes, and fern plastomes might acquire these mobile CDS through frequent horizontal gene transfer and possibly intracellular gene transfer. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linyao Liu, Lei Cao, Wangmei Ren, Na Tang, Minghao Xiang, Xuan Zhang, Fei Hong, Lihuan Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Cheng Zhang, Pengpeng Zheng
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information (Figs S1–S22; Tables S1, S2) of this article. Sequence data from this article can be found in the TAIR data libraries under accession nos.: MYB96 (AT5G62470), bZIP48 (AT2G04038), KCS1 (AT1G01120), KCS2 (AT1G04220), KCS6 (AT1G68530), CER3 (AT5G57800), KCS5 (AT1G25450), KCS9 (AT2G16280), KCS10 (AT2G26250), KCS12 (AT2G28630), CER1 (AT1G02205), CER2 (AT4G24510), CER4 (AT4G33790), CER8 (AT2G47240), CER10 (AT3G55360), KCR1 (AT1G67730), PAS2 (AT5G10480), LTP3 (AT5G59320), MYB30 (AT3G28910), MYB31 (AT1G74650), and MYB94 (AT3G47600).
{"title":"Transcription factor bZIP48-MYB96 module positively regulates cuticular wax synthesis by directly activating KCSs and CER3 genes in response to cold stress","authors":"Linyao Liu, Lei Cao, Wangmei Ren, Na Tang, Minghao Xiang, Xuan Zhang, Fei Hong, Lihuan Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Cheng Zhang, Pengpeng Zheng","doi":"10.1111/nph.71033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71033","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Data availability</h2>\u0000<p>The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information (Figs S1–S22; Tables S1, S2) of this article. Sequence data from this article can be found in the TAIR data libraries under accession nos.: MYB96 (AT5G62470), bZIP48 (AT2G04038), KCS1 (AT1G01120), KCS2 (AT1G04220), KCS6 (AT1G68530), CER3 (AT5G57800), KCS5 (AT1G25450), KCS9 (AT2G16280), KCS10 (AT2G26250), KCS12 (AT2G28630), CER1 (AT1G02205), CER2 (AT4G24510), CER4 (AT4G33790), CER8 (AT2G47240), CER10 (AT3G55360), KCR1 (AT1G67730), PAS2 (AT5G10480), LTP3 (AT5G59320), MYB30 (AT3G28910), MYB31 (AT1G74650), and MYB94 (AT3G47600).</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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