Min Liu, Xingliang Xu, Wolfgang Wanek, Jian Sun, Richard D. Bardgett, Yuqiang Tian, Xiaoyong Cui, Lili Jiang, Zeqing Ma, Yakov Kuzyakov, Hua Ouyang, Yanfen Wang
Nitrogen (N) uptake by plant roots from soil is the largest flux within the terrestrial N cycle. Despite its significance, a comprehensive analysis of plant uptake for inorganic and organic N forms across grasslands is lacking.
Here we measured in situ plant uptake of 13 inorganic and organic N forms by dominant species along a 3000 km transect spanning temperate and alpine grasslands. To generalize our experimental findings, we synthesized data on N uptake from 60 studies encompassing 148 plant species world-wide.
Our analysis revealed that alpine grasslands had faster NH4+ uptake than temperate grasslands. Most plants preferred NO3− (65%) over NH4+ (24%), followed by amino acids (11%). The uptake preferences and uptake rates were modulated by soil N availability that was defined by climate, soil properties, and intrinsic characteristics of the N form.
These findings pave the way toward more fully understanding of N cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, provide novel insights into the N form-specific mechanisms of plant N uptake, and highlight ecological consequences of chemical niche differentiation to reduce competition between coexisting plant species.
{"title":"Nitrogen availability in soil controls uptake of different nitrogen forms by plants","authors":"Min Liu, Xingliang Xu, Wolfgang Wanek, Jian Sun, Richard D. Bardgett, Yuqiang Tian, Xiaoyong Cui, Lili Jiang, Zeqing Ma, Yakov Kuzyakov, Hua Ouyang, Yanfen Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Nitrogen (N) uptake by plant roots from soil is the largest flux within the terrestrial N cycle. Despite its significance, a comprehensive analysis of plant uptake for inorganic and organic N forms across grasslands is lacking.</li>\u0000<li>Here we measured <i>in situ</i> plant uptake of 13 inorganic and organic N forms by dominant species along a 3000 km transect spanning temperate and alpine grasslands. To generalize our experimental findings, we synthesized data on N uptake from 60 studies encompassing 148 plant species world-wide.</li>\u0000<li>Our analysis revealed that alpine grasslands had faster NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> uptake than temperate grasslands. Most plants preferred NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (65%) over NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> (24%), followed by amino acids (11%). The uptake preferences and uptake rates were modulated by soil N availability that was defined by climate, soil properties, and intrinsic characteristics of the N form.</li>\u0000<li>These findings pave the way toward more fully understanding of N cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, provide novel insights into the N form-specific mechanisms of plant N uptake, and highlight ecological consequences of chemical niche differentiation to reduce competition between coexisting plant species.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessie George, Monica Dimson, Regan E. Dunn, Emily L. Lindsey, Aisling B. Farrell, Brenda Paola Aguilar, Glen M. MacDonald
<h2> Introduction</h2> <p>The asphaltic fossil deposits at the Rancho La Brea (RLB) locality in Los Angeles, California, USA (Fig. 1) are internationally known for the preservation of Pleistocene mega-mammals such as sabertoothed cats (<i>Smilodon fatalis</i>), dire wolves (<i>Aenocyon dirus</i>), and Columbian mammoths (<i>Mammuthus columbi</i>). What is less known is that the asphaltic seeps also captured and preserved an abundance of plant macrofossils, including seeds, leaves, and wood, over the site's <i>c</i>. 60 000 yr (60 ka) depositional history. This provides an exceptional opportunity for long-term and taxonomically highly resolved vegetation reconstructions to be made across the Late Pleistocene and Holocene for southern California. While plant material has been identified in the past with species aligning to a broad diversity of California plant communities such as closed-cone conifer forests, coastal sage scrub, oak woodland, and chaparral (Frost, <span>1927</span>; Templeton, <span>1956</span>, <span>1964</span>; Warter, <span>1976</span>), before the present study, no effort has been made to radiocarbon date plant fossils or place them into any chronological context across the 60 ka preservational window at RLB. Such a record is critical in understanding the ecology of the RLB fauna.</p> <figure><picture> <source media="(min-width: 1650px)" srcset="/cms/asset/aecd2724-afb4-425e-8aae-3cabeb8d6b52/nph20324-fig-0001-m.jpg"/><img alt="Details are in the caption following the image" data-lg-src="/cms/asset/aecd2724-afb4-425e-8aae-3cabeb8d6b52/nph20324-fig-0001-m.jpg" loading="lazy" src="/cms/asset/74e1a49e-99a5-4769-98e5-bda29bc5afdb/nph20324-fig-0001-m.png" title="Details are in the caption following the image"/></picture><figcaption> <div><strong>Fig. 1<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></strong><div>Open in figure viewer<i aria-hidden="true"></i><span>PowerPoint</span></div> </div> <div>Map of the location of the La Brea Tar Pit (Rancho La Brea) fossil deposits (a) within the Los Angeles Basin, (b) California, and (c) United States.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>During the past 60 ka, covering marine isotope stages (MISs) 3-1, significant long-term shifts in global climate occurred with the growth and decline of continental ice sheets. Abrupt millennial-scale climatic events including 17 Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) warming events and five of the more extreme cold intervals known as Heinrich stadials punctuated the glacial and interglacial phases, culminating in the Bølling–Allerød and Younger Dryas at the start of Holocene warming (Asmerom <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Wagner <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Renssen <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>). The environmental upheaval occurring at this time includes the spread of humans in North America (Bennett <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>) and the disappearance of much of the world's megafauna (Barnosky <i>et al</i>., <span>2011</span>; O'Keefe <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</spa
{"title":"Identification of fossil juniper seeds from Rancho La Brea (California, USA): drought and extirpation in the Late Pleistocene","authors":"Jessie George, Monica Dimson, Regan E. Dunn, Emily L. Lindsey, Aisling B. Farrell, Brenda Paola Aguilar, Glen M. MacDonald","doi":"10.1111/nph.20324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20324","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>The asphaltic fossil deposits at the Rancho La Brea (RLB) locality in Los Angeles, California, USA (Fig. 1) are internationally known for the preservation of Pleistocene mega-mammals such as sabertoothed cats (<i>Smilodon fatalis</i>), dire wolves (<i>Aenocyon dirus</i>), and Columbian mammoths (<i>Mammuthus columbi</i>). What is less known is that the asphaltic seeps also captured and preserved an abundance of plant macrofossils, including seeds, leaves, and wood, over the site's <i>c</i>. 60 000 yr (60 ka) depositional history. This provides an exceptional opportunity for long-term and taxonomically highly resolved vegetation reconstructions to be made across the Late Pleistocene and Holocene for southern California. While plant material has been identified in the past with species aligning to a broad diversity of California plant communities such as closed-cone conifer forests, coastal sage scrub, oak woodland, and chaparral (Frost, <span>1927</span>; Templeton, <span>1956</span>, <span>1964</span>; Warter, <span>1976</span>), before the present study, no effort has been made to radiocarbon date plant fossils or place them into any chronological context across the 60 ka preservational window at RLB. Such a record is critical in understanding the ecology of the RLB fauna.</p>\u0000<figure><picture>\u0000<source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/aecd2724-afb4-425e-8aae-3cabeb8d6b52/nph20324-fig-0001-m.jpg\"/><img alt=\"Details are in the caption following the image\" data-lg-src=\"/cms/asset/aecd2724-afb4-425e-8aae-3cabeb8d6b52/nph20324-fig-0001-m.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"/cms/asset/74e1a49e-99a5-4769-98e5-bda29bc5afdb/nph20324-fig-0001-m.png\" title=\"Details are in the caption following the image\"/></picture><figcaption>\u0000<div><strong>Fig. 1<span style=\"font-weight:normal\"></span></strong><div>Open in figure viewer<i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><span>PowerPoint</span></div>\u0000</div>\u0000<div>Map of the location of the La Brea Tar Pit (Rancho La Brea) fossil deposits (a) within the Los Angeles Basin, (b) California, and (c) United States.</div>\u0000</figcaption>\u0000</figure>\u0000<p>During the past 60 ka, covering marine isotope stages (MISs) 3-1, significant long-term shifts in global climate occurred with the growth and decline of continental ice sheets. Abrupt millennial-scale climatic events including 17 Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) warming events and five of the more extreme cold intervals known as Heinrich stadials punctuated the glacial and interglacial phases, culminating in the Bølling–Allerød and Younger Dryas at the start of Holocene warming (Asmerom <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Wagner <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Renssen <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>). The environmental upheaval occurring at this time includes the spread of humans in North America (Bennett <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>) and the disappearance of much of the world's megafauna (Barnosky <i>et al</i>., <span>2011</span>; O'Keefe <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</spa","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-temperature stress causes various types of physiological and biochemical damage to plants. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factor HY5 plays a significant role in multiple stress responses in plants.
Here, cold stress was found to induce the upregulation of MdHY5 expression, which, in turn, positively regulates the cold tolerance of apple (Malus domestica). MdHY5 directly interacts the promoters of MdGH3-2/12 (auxin-amido synthetase) and inhibits their expression. However, low-temperature stress inhibits the regulation of MdGH3-2/12 by MdHY5, which suppresses the increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) mediated by the MdHY5-MdGH3-2/12 module.
Alternatively, MdHY5 directly interacts with the promoter of MdNCED2, a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), thereby activating its expression. Additionally, cold stress enhances the regulation of MdNCED2 by MdHY5, which leads to the promotion of the increase in ABA mediated by the MdHY5-MdNCED2 module. Therefore, under low-temperature stress, MdHY5 reduces the ratio of IAA : ABA within apple plants by regulating MdGH3-2/12 and MdNCED2, thereby indirectly promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins, which further improves the cold tolerance of apple.
This study establishes a theoretical framework for the multiple roles and regulatory mechanisms of HY5 in integrating the IAA and ABA pathways under cold stress.
{"title":"MdHY5 positively regulates cold tolerance in apple by integrating the auxin and abscisic acid pathways","authors":"Xiaomin Liu, Jiangtong Wei, Sujuan Li, Jiang Li, Huifang Cao, Dong Huang, Danni Zhang, Zhijun Zhang, Tengteng Gao, Ying Zhang, Fengwang Ma, Chao Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.20333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Low-temperature stress causes various types of physiological and biochemical damage to plants. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factor HY5 plays a significant role in multiple stress responses in plants.</li>\u0000<li>Here, cold stress was found to induce the upregulation of <i>MdHY5</i> expression, which, in turn, positively regulates the cold tolerance of apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>). MdHY5 directly interacts the promoters of <i>MdGH3-2/12</i> (auxin-amido synthetase) and inhibits their expression. However, low-temperature stress inhibits the regulation of <i>MdGH3-2/12</i> by MdHY5, which suppresses the increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) mediated by the MdHY5-<i>MdGH3-2/12</i> module.</li>\u0000<li>Alternatively, MdHY5 directly interacts with the promoter of <i>MdNCED2</i>, a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), thereby activating its expression. Additionally, cold stress enhances the regulation of <i>MdNCED2</i> by MdHY5, which leads to the promotion of the increase in ABA mediated by the MdHY5-<i>MdNCED2</i> module. Therefore, under low-temperature stress, MdHY5 reduces the ratio of IAA : ABA within apple plants by regulating <i>MdGH3-2/12</i> and <i>MdNCED2</i>, thereby indirectly promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins, which further improves the cold tolerance of apple.</li>\u0000<li>This study establishes a theoretical framework for the multiple roles and regulatory mechanisms of HY5 in integrating the IAA and ABA pathways under cold stress.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harihar Jaishree Subrahmaniam, F. Xavier Picó, Thomas Bataillon, Camilla Lind Salomonsen, Marianne Glasius, Bodil K. Ehlers
<h2> Introduction</h2> <p>Plant root exudates encompass a vast array of primary (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids) that shape the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil (Oburger & Jones, <span>2018</span>). They also facilitate nutrient cycling and mediate biotic interactions in the rhizosphere, thereby fostering a healthy soil ecosystem (Badri & Vivanco, <span>2009</span>; Rasmann & Hiltpold, <span>2022</span>). Despite the ecological relevance of root exudates, several factors, such as stress and developmental status, influence their chemical composition and challenge their quantification. For instance, stress by elevated phosphorus increases pthalic acid in <i>Cyperus alternifolius</i> (Duan <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>), hydric stress induces various organic acids in <i>Zea mays</i> (Song <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>), and pathogen infection in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> stimulates long-chain fatty acids and amino acids that recruit protective <i>Pseudomonas</i> species (Wen <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). Furthermore, development also affects exudate profiles in <i>A. thaliana</i> with sugar alcohols decreasing and amino acids increasing over time in early developmental stages (Chaparro <i>et al</i>., <span>2013</span>), whereas young fir trees exudate more carbohydrates and quercetin than older trees, which secrete more lipids and salicylic acids, shifting from nutrient acquisition to defense over-development (Chen <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). Given the influence of root exudates on plant–environment interactions and adaptive strategies (Novoplansky, <span>2019</span>; Williams & de Vries, <span>2020</span>; Subrahmaniam <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), unraveling the chemistry of root exudates may help decipher the complexity of plant metabolism but also the ecology of plant communities (Mommer <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>; van Dam & Bouwmeester, <span>2017</span>; McLaughlin <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>).</p> <p>However, our knowledge of natural variation in root exudate composition is rather scarce (Vives-Peris <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>; Escolà Casas & Matamoros, <span>2021</span>; Wang <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). This is a problem because understanding natural variation in plant traits is of paramount importance in different disciplines, as natural variation reflects long-term evolutionary dynamics, can reveal environmental factors driving this variation, and facilitates the exploration of the genetic basis of trait differences (Mitchell-Olds & Schmitt, <span>2006</span>; Alonso-Blanco <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). One reason for the scarcity of studies on natural variation in plant root exudates has to do with the technical challenges for capturing and analyzing the complex chemical data from root exudates (van Dam & Bouwmeester, <span>2017</span>; Obu
{"title":"Natural variation in root exudate composition in the genetically structured Arabidopsis thaliana in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Harihar Jaishree Subrahmaniam, F. Xavier Picó, Thomas Bataillon, Camilla Lind Salomonsen, Marianne Glasius, Bodil K. Ehlers","doi":"10.1111/nph.20314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20314","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>Plant root exudates encompass a vast array of primary (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids) that shape the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil (Oburger & Jones, <span>2018</span>). They also facilitate nutrient cycling and mediate biotic interactions in the rhizosphere, thereby fostering a healthy soil ecosystem (Badri & Vivanco, <span>2009</span>; Rasmann & Hiltpold, <span>2022</span>). Despite the ecological relevance of root exudates, several factors, such as stress and developmental status, influence their chemical composition and challenge their quantification. For instance, stress by elevated phosphorus increases pthalic acid in <i>Cyperus alternifolius</i> (Duan <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>), hydric stress induces various organic acids in <i>Zea mays</i> (Song <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>), and pathogen infection in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> stimulates long-chain fatty acids and amino acids that recruit protective <i>Pseudomonas</i> species (Wen <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). Furthermore, development also affects exudate profiles in <i>A. thaliana</i> with sugar alcohols decreasing and amino acids increasing over time in early developmental stages (Chaparro <i>et al</i>., <span>2013</span>), whereas young fir trees exudate more carbohydrates and quercetin than older trees, which secrete more lipids and salicylic acids, shifting from nutrient acquisition to defense over-development (Chen <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). Given the influence of root exudates on plant–environment interactions and adaptive strategies (Novoplansky, <span>2019</span>; Williams & de Vries, <span>2020</span>; Subrahmaniam <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), unraveling the chemistry of root exudates may help decipher the complexity of plant metabolism but also the ecology of plant communities (Mommer <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>; van Dam & Bouwmeester, <span>2017</span>; McLaughlin <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>).</p>\u0000<p>However, our knowledge of natural variation in root exudate composition is rather scarce (Vives-Peris <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>; Escolà Casas & Matamoros, <span>2021</span>; Wang <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). This is a problem because understanding natural variation in plant traits is of paramount importance in different disciplines, as natural variation reflects long-term evolutionary dynamics, can reveal environmental factors driving this variation, and facilitates the exploration of the genetic basis of trait differences (Mitchell-Olds & Schmitt, <span>2006</span>; Alonso-Blanco <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). One reason for the scarcity of studies on natural variation in plant root exudates has to do with the technical challenges for capturing and analyzing the complex chemical data from root exudates (van Dam & Bouwmeester, <span>2017</span>; Obu","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ru Dong, Weiyun Wang, Na Luo, Haoxing Li, Jiahui Liu, Yanan Wang, Ying Ye, Hui Zhu, Faqiang Li, Haixiang Yu, Yangrong Cao
Plant immunity is suppressed in the symbiotic nodule cells, thereby facilitating rhizobial infection. Medicago truncatula NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 (MtNAD1) is crucial for suppressing immunity in nodules; however, its molecular function is unclear.
We explored the molecular basis of the role of MtNAD1 in suppressing innate immunity in M. truncatula nodules.
Medicago truncatula mutants lacking MtATG7 produced defective nodules, sharing some similarities with the Mtnad1 mutant nodules. Furthermore, MtNAD1 interacted with several immunity-related proteins, including BAX-inhibitor1a (MtBI-1a), two Lysin-motif proteins (MtLYM1/2), Pathogenesis-related10 (MtPR10c/d), MtMPK3/6, and two Lysin-motif receptor kinases (MtLYK8/9). In addition, MtNAD1 and the autophagy pathway contributed to the reduction of MtBI-1, MtPR10c/d, and MtLYM1/2 protein levels in planta. Knocking out either the MtBI-1 or MtLYM1/2 gene in the M. truncatula nad1 mutant can partially restore the defective nodules of the nad1 mutant.
Our results demonstrate that MtNAD1 associates with the autophagy pathway by interacting with MtATG8, contributing to the degradation of several immunity-related proteins in M. truncatula nodules during rhizobial colonization and thereby supporting the development of a successful symbiosis.
{"title":"MtNAD1 associates with the autophagy complex to contribute to the degradation of immunity-related proteins in Medicago truncatula nodules","authors":"Ru Dong, Weiyun Wang, Na Luo, Haoxing Li, Jiahui Liu, Yanan Wang, Ying Ye, Hui Zhu, Faqiang Li, Haixiang Yu, Yangrong Cao","doi":"10.1111/nph.20336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Plant immunity is suppressed in the symbiotic nodule cells, thereby facilitating rhizobial infection. <i>Medicago truncatula</i> NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 (MtNAD1) is crucial for suppressing immunity in nodules; however, its molecular function is unclear.</li>\u0000<li>We explored the molecular basis of the role of MtNAD1 in suppressing innate immunity in <i>M. truncatula</i> nodules.</li>\u0000<li><i>Medicago truncatula</i> mutants lacking <i>MtATG7</i> produced defective nodules, sharing some similarities with the <i>Mtnad1</i> mutant nodules. Furthermore, MtNAD1 interacted with several immunity-related proteins, including BAX-inhibitor1a (MtBI-1a), two Lysin-motif proteins (MtLYM1/2), Pathogenesis-related10 (MtPR10c/d), MtMPK3/6, and two Lysin-motif receptor kinases (MtLYK8/9). In addition, MtNAD1 and the autophagy pathway contributed to the reduction of MtBI-1, MtPR10c/d, and MtLYM1/2 protein levels <i>in planta</i>. Knocking out either the <i>MtBI-1</i> or <i>MtLYM1/2</i> gene in the <i>M. truncatula nad1</i> mutant can partially restore the defective nodules of the <i>nad1</i> mutant.</li>\u0000<li>Our results demonstrate that MtNAD1 associates with the autophagy pathway by interacting with MtATG8, contributing to the degradation of several immunity-related proteins in <i>M. truncatula</i> nodules during rhizobial colonization and thereby supporting the development of a successful symbiosis.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonphotochemical quenching does not alter the relationship between sun‐induced fluorescence and gross primary production under heatwave","authors":"Michal Antala, Radosław Juszczak, Anshu Rastogi","doi":"10.1111/nph.20312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunliu Zhuo, Xiaoqiang Wang, Him K. Shrestha, Paul E. Abraham, Robert L. Hettich, Fang Chen, Jaime Barros, Richard A. Dixon
SummaryThe mode of transport of lignin monomers to the sites of polymerization in the apoplast remains controversial.C‐Lignin is a recently discovered form of lignin found in some seed coats that is composed exclusively of units derived from caffeyl alcohol.RNA‐seq and proteome analyses identified a number of transporters co‐expressed with C‐lignin deposition in the seed coat of Cleome hassleriana. Cloning and influx/efflux analysis assays in yeast identified two low‐affinity transporters, ChPLT3 and ChSUC1, that were active with caffeyl alcohol but not with the classical monolignols p‐coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols, consistent with molecular modeling and docking studies. Expression of ChPLT3 in Arabidopsis seedlings enhanced root growth in the presence of caffeyl alcohol, and expression of ChPLT3 and ChSUC1 correlated with lignin C‐unit content in hairy roots of Medicago truncatula.We present a model, consistent with phylogenetic and evolutionary considerations, whereby passive caffeyl alcohol transport may be supplemented by hitchhiking on secondary active transporters to ensure the synthesis of C‐lignin, and inhibition of synthesis of G‐lignin, in the apoplast.
{"title":"Major facilitator family transporters specifically enhance caffeyl alcohol uptake during C‐lignin biosynthesis","authors":"Chunliu Zhuo, Xiaoqiang Wang, Him K. Shrestha, Paul E. Abraham, Robert L. Hettich, Fang Chen, Jaime Barros, Richard A. Dixon","doi":"10.1111/nph.20325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20325","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The mode of transport of lignin monomers to the sites of polymerization in the apoplast remains controversial.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>C‐Lignin is a recently discovered form of lignin found in some seed coats that is composed exclusively of units derived from caffeyl alcohol.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>RNA‐seq and proteome analyses identified a number of transporters co‐expressed with C‐lignin deposition in the seed coat of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Cleome hassleriana</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>. Cloning and influx/efflux analysis assays in yeast identified two low‐affinity transporters, ChPLT3 and ChSUC1, that were active with caffeyl alcohol but not with the classical monolignols <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>‐coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols, consistent with molecular modeling and docking studies. Expression of ChPLT3 in Arabidopsis seedlings enhanced root growth in the presence of caffeyl alcohol, and expression of ChPLT3 and ChSUC1 correlated with lignin C‐unit content in hairy roots of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Medicago truncatula</jats:styled-content>.</jats:italic></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We present a model, consistent with phylogenetic and evolutionary considerations, whereby passive caffeyl alcohol transport may be supplemented by hitchhiking on secondary active transporters to ensure the synthesis of C‐lignin, and inhibition of synthesis of G‐lignin, in the apoplast.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Li, Jinling Huang, Lin‐Feng Li, Peng Guo, Yihan Wang, Samuel A. Cushman, Fu‐De Shang
SummaryProtein isoforms (PIs) play pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and development that confer adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. PIs are widely present in plants and generated through alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA), alternative initiation (AI), and ribosomal frameshifting (RF) events. The widespread presence of PIs not only significantly increases the complexity of genomic information but also greatly enriches regulatory networks and enhances their flexibility. PIs may also play important roles in phenotypic diversity, ecological niche differentiation, and speciation, thereby increasing the dimensions of research in molecular ecology. However, PIs pose new challenges for the quantitative analysis, annotation, and identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, focus on PIs make genomic and epigenomic studies both more powerful and more challenging. This review summarizes the origins, functions, regulatory patterns of isoforms, and the challenges they present for future research in molecular ecology and molecular biology.
{"title":"Roles and regulatory patterns of protein isoforms in plant adaptation and development","authors":"Yong Li, Jinling Huang, Lin‐Feng Li, Peng Guo, Yihan Wang, Samuel A. Cushman, Fu‐De Shang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20327","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryProtein isoforms (PIs) play pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and development that confer adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. PIs are widely present in plants and generated through alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA), alternative initiation (AI), and ribosomal frameshifting (RF) events. The widespread presence of PIs not only significantly increases the complexity of genomic information but also greatly enriches regulatory networks and enhances their flexibility. PIs may also play important roles in phenotypic diversity, ecological niche differentiation, and speciation, thereby increasing the dimensions of research in molecular ecology. However, PIs pose new challenges for the quantitative analysis, annotation, and identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, focus on PIs make genomic and epigenomic studies both more powerful and more challenging. This review summarizes the origins, functions, regulatory patterns of isoforms, and the challenges they present for future research in molecular ecology and molecular biology.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling analysis confirms the role of NPQ saturation for the divergence of the GPP–SIF relationship during heatwave","authors":"David Martini, Mirco Migliavacca, Georg Wohlfahrt","doi":"10.1111/nph.20313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) that causes a globally devastating wilt disease on tomato relies on the secretion of numerous effectors to mount an infection, but how the pathogenic fungus precisely regulates expression of effector genes during plant invasion remains elusive.
Here, using molecular and cellular approaches, we show that the histone H4K8 acetyltransferase FolSas2 is a transcriptional regulator of early effector gene expression in Fol.
Autoacetylation of FolSas2 on K269 represses K335 ubiquitination, preventing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. During the early infection process, Fol elevates FolSas2 acetylation by differentially changing transcription of itself and the FolSir1 deacetylase, leading to specific accumulation of the enzyme at this stage. FolSas2 subsequently activates the expression of an array of effectors genes, and as a consequence, Fol invades tomato successfully.
These findings reveal a regulatory mechanism of effector gene expression via autoacetylation of a histone modifier during plant fungal invasion.
{"title":"FolSas2 is a regulator of early effector gene expression during Fusarium oxysporum infection","authors":"Limin Song, Yalei Wang, Fahui Qiu, Xiaoxia Li, Jingtao Li, Wenxing Liang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li><i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lycopersici</i> (<i>Fol</i>) that causes a globally devastating wilt disease on tomato relies on the secretion of numerous effectors to mount an infection, but how the pathogenic fungus precisely regulates expression of effector genes during plant invasion remains elusive.</li>\u0000<li>Here, using molecular and cellular approaches, we show that the histone H4K8 acetyltransferase FolSas2 is a transcriptional regulator of early effector gene expression in <i>Fol</i>.</li>\u0000<li>Autoacetylation of FolSas2 on K269 represses K335 ubiquitination, preventing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. During the early infection process, <i>Fol</i> elevates FolSas2 acetylation by differentially changing transcription of itself and the FolSir1 deacetylase, leading to specific accumulation of the enzyme at this stage. FolSas2 subsequently activates the expression of an array of effectors genes, and as a consequence, <i>Fol</i> invades tomato successfully.</li>\u0000<li>These findings reveal a regulatory mechanism of effector gene expression via autoacetylation of a histone modifier during plant fungal invasion.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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