Grasses are fundamental to human survival, providing a large percentage of our calories, fuel, and fodder for livestock, and an enormous global carbon sink. A particularly important part of the grass plant is the grain-producing inflorescence that develops in response to both internal and external signals that converge at the shoot tip to influence meristem behavior. Abiotic signals that trigger reproductive development vary across the grass family, mostly due to the unique ecological and phylogenetic histories of each clade. The time it takes a grass to flower has implications for its ability to escape harsh environments, while also indirectly affecting abiotic stress tolerance, inflorescence architecture, and grain yield. Here, we synthesize recent insights into the evolution of grass flowering time in response to past climate change, particularly focusing on genetic convergence in underlying traits. We then discuss how and why the rewiring of a shared ancestral flowering pathway affects grass yields, and outline ways in which researchers are using this and other information to breed higher yielding, climate-proof cereal crops.
{"title":"Historic rewiring of grass flowering time pathways and implications for crop improvement under climate change","authors":"Brittany Verrico, Jill C. Preston","doi":"10.1111/nph.20375","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grasses are fundamental to human survival, providing a large percentage of our calories, fuel, and fodder for livestock, and an enormous global carbon sink. A particularly important part of the grass plant is the grain-producing inflorescence that develops in response to both internal and external signals that converge at the shoot tip to influence meristem behavior. Abiotic signals that trigger reproductive development vary across the grass family, mostly due to the unique ecological and phylogenetic histories of each clade. The time it takes a grass to flower has implications for its ability to escape harsh environments, while also indirectly affecting abiotic stress tolerance, inflorescence architecture, and grain yield. Here, we synthesize recent insights into the evolution of grass flowering time in response to past climate change, particularly focusing on genetic convergence in underlying traits. We then discuss how and why the rewiring of a shared ancestral flowering pathway affects grass yields, and outline ways in which researchers are using this and other information to breed higher yielding, climate-proof cereal crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"1864-1878"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the uniqueness of fern–insect interactions","authors":"Robert J. Marquis","doi":"10.1111/nph.20361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yansong Fu, Juexuan Wang, Ziwei Su, Qinyuan Chen, Jiaxin Li, Junwei Zhao, Wei Xuan, Youzhi Miao, Ji Zhang, Ruifu Zhang
Sinomonas species typically reside in soils or the rhizosphere and can promote plant growth. Sinomonas enrichment in rhizospheric soils is positively correlated with increases in plant biomass. However, the growth promotion mechanisms regulated by Sinomonas remain unclear.
By using soil systems, we studied the growth-promoting effects of Sinomonas gamaensis NEAU-HV1 on various plants. Through a combination of phenotypic analyses and microscopic observations, the effects of NEAU-HV1 on root development were evaluated. We subsequently conducted molecular and genetic experiments to reveal the mechanism promoting lateral root (LR) development.
We demonstrated that NEAU-HV1 significantly promoted the growth of lettuce, wheat, maize, peanut and Arabidopsis. This effect was associated with multiple beneficial traits, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase production and survival ability in the rhizosphere and within the inner tissue of roots. In addition, NEAU-HV1 could secrete metabolites to promote LR development by affecting auxin transport and signaling. Importantly, we found that the influence of auxin signaling may be attributed to the remodeling interaction between SOLITARY-ROOT (SLR)/IAA14 and ARF7/19, occurring independently of the auxin receptor TIR1/AFB2.
Our results indicate that NEAU-HV1-induced LR formation is dependent on direct remodeling interactions between transcription factors, providing novel insights into plant–microbe interactions.
{"title":"Sinomonas gamaensis NEAU-HV1 remodels the IAA14-ARF7/19 interaction to promote plant growth","authors":"Yansong Fu, Juexuan Wang, Ziwei Su, Qinyuan Chen, Jiaxin Li, Junwei Zhao, Wei Xuan, Youzhi Miao, Ji Zhang, Ruifu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20370","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20370","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li><i>Sinomonas</i> species typically reside in soils or the rhizosphere and can promote plant growth. <i>Sinomonas</i> enrichment in rhizospheric soils is positively correlated with increases in plant biomass. However, the growth promotion mechanisms regulated by <i>Sinomonas</i> remain unclear.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>By using soil systems, we studied the growth-promoting effects of <i>Sinomonas gamaensis</i> NEAU-HV1 on various plants. Through a combination of phenotypic analyses and microscopic observations, the effects of NEAU-HV1 on root development were evaluated. We subsequently conducted molecular and genetic experiments to reveal the mechanism promoting lateral root (LR) development.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We demonstrated that NEAU-HV1 significantly promoted the growth of lettuce, wheat, maize, peanut and <i>Arabidopsis</i>. This effect was associated with multiple beneficial traits, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase production and survival ability in the rhizosphere and within the inner tissue of roots. In addition, NEAU-HV1 could secrete metabolites to promote LR development by affecting auxin transport and signaling. Importantly, we found that the influence of auxin signaling may be attributed to the remodeling interaction between SOLITARY-ROOT (SLR)/IAA14 and ARF7/19, occurring independently of the auxin receptor TIR1/AFB2.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our results indicate that NEAU-HV1-induced LR formation is dependent on direct remodeling interactions between transcription factors, providing novel insights into plant–microbe interactions.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"2016-2037"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Hdedeh, Caroline Mercier, Arthur Poitout, Alexandre Martinière, Enric Zelazny
Plasma membrane (PM) nanodomains have emerged as pivotal elements in the regulation of plant cellular functions and signal transduction. These nanoscale membrane regions, enriched in specific lipids and proteins, behave as regulatory/signaling hubs spatially and temporally coordinating critical cellular functions. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of PM nanodomains in plant cells, highlighting the roles of PM lipid composition, protein oligomerization and interactions with cytoskeletal and cell wall components. Then, we discuss how nanodomains act as organizing centers by mediating protein–protein interactions that orchestrate essential processes such as symbiosis, defense against pathogens, ion transport or hormonal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Finally, we introduce the concept of nanoenvironments, where localized physicochemical variations are generated in the very close proximity of PM nanodomains, in response to stimuli. After decoding by a dedicated machinery likely localized in the vicinity of nanodomains, this enrichment of secondary messengers, such as ROS or Ca2+, would allow specific downstream cellular responses. This review provides insights into the dynamic nature of nanodomains and proposes future research to better understand their contribution to the intricate signaling networks that govern plant development and stress responses.
{"title":"Membrane nanodomains to shape plant cellular functions and signaling","authors":"Omar Hdedeh, Caroline Mercier, Arthur Poitout, Alexandre Martinière, Enric Zelazny","doi":"10.1111/nph.20367","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plasma membrane (PM) nanodomains have emerged as pivotal elements in the regulation of plant cellular functions and signal transduction. These nanoscale membrane regions, enriched in specific lipids and proteins, behave as regulatory/signaling hubs spatially and temporally coordinating critical cellular functions. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of PM nanodomains in plant cells, highlighting the roles of PM lipid composition, protein oligomerization and interactions with cytoskeletal and cell wall components. Then, we discuss how nanodomains act as organizing centers by mediating protein–protein interactions that orchestrate essential processes such as symbiosis, defense against pathogens, ion transport or hormonal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Finally, we introduce the concept of nanoenvironments, where localized physicochemical variations are generated in the very close proximity of PM nanodomains, in response to stimuli. After decoding by a dedicated machinery likely localized in the vicinity of nanodomains, this enrichment of secondary messengers, such as ROS or Ca<sup>2+</sup>, would allow specific downstream cellular responses. This review provides insights into the dynamic nature of nanodomains and proposes future research to better understand their contribution to the intricate signaling networks that govern plant development and stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 4","pages":"1369-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) play an important role in viral infection by regulating the expression of host genes. At present, research on the regulation of plant primary metabolic pathways by vsiRNAs is very limited.
TvsiRNA24 derived from tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and its target gene NbTPI (triosephosphate isomerase) was verified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and GFP fluorescence observation. The effect of the interaction between TvsiRNA24 and NbTPI on TbCSV infection was analyzed by virus mediated, genetic transformation, western blotting, and quantitative detection.
The expression of TvsiRNA24 retards the growth of Nicotiana benthamiana and enhances TbCSV accumulation within N. benthamiana. The overexpression of NbTPI attenuates the accumulation of TbCSV, and the silencing of NbTPI leads to the growth retardation of N. benthamiana and intensifies symptoms post-TbCSV infection. Moreover, the expression of some genes related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism and immune response is regulated by NbTPI.
Our results unveil the specific role of TvsiRNA24-NbTPI in the pathogenicity of TbCSV, resulting in hindrance to plant growth and facilitation of viral infection. The identification of this regulatory pathway provides valuable insights that can be utilized to devise novel antiviral approaches targeting the reduction of viral pathogenicity.
{"title":"Interplay between tobacco curly shoot virus vsiRNA24 and triosephosphate isomerase: implications for Nicotiana benthamiana viral defense","authors":"Rui Wu, Gentu Wu, Muyao He, Haolan Zhang, Xinyi Shen, Qian Huang, Jiying Li, Menglin Wu, Hussein Ghanem, Mingjun Li, Ling Qing","doi":"10.1111/nph.20359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20359","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) play an important role in viral infection by regulating the expression of host genes. At present, research on the regulation of plant primary metabolic pathways by vsiRNAs is very limited.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>TvsiRNA24 derived from tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and its target gene <i>NbTPI</i> (triosephosphate isomerase) was verified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and GFP fluorescence observation. The effect of the interaction between TvsiRNA24 and <i>NbTPI</i> on TbCSV infection was analyzed by virus mediated, genetic transformation, western blotting, and quantitative detection.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The expression of TvsiRNA24 retards the growth of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and enhances TbCSV accumulation within <i>N. benthamiana</i>. The overexpression of <i>NbTPI</i> attenuates the accumulation of TbCSV, and the silencing of <i>NbTPI</i> leads to the growth retardation of <i>N. benthamiana</i> and intensifies symptoms post-TbCSV infection. Moreover, the expression of some genes related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism and immune response is regulated by <i>NbTPI</i>.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our results unveil the specific role of TvsiRNA24-NbTPI in the pathogenicity of TbCSV, resulting in hindrance to plant growth and facilitation of viral infection. The identification of this regulatory pathway provides valuable insights that can be utilized to devise novel antiviral approaches targeting the reduction of viral pathogenicity.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"2170-2185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baptiste J. Wijas, William K. Cornwell, Brad Oberle, Jeff R. Powell, Amy E. Zanne
Deadwood represents globally important carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools. Current wood nutrient dynamics models are extensions of those developed for leaf litter decomposition. However, tissue structure and dominant decomposers differ between leaf and woody litter, and recent evidence suggests that decomposer stoichiometry, in combination with litter quality, may affect nutrient release.
We quantified decomposition and release of C and nutrients from woody litter for two stem sizes of 22 tree species in a P-limited temperate forest near Sydney, Australia, and compared these to estimates from leaf litter literature.
Following theory, N and P accumulated during early decomposition, but began to decline earlier than expected based on work in leaves. Woody litter converged on higher C : N (50) and N : P (80) ratios than in leaf litter studies. C : N at which N was released was higher in larger stems (c. 124) than in smaller stems (c. 82), both being higher than in leaf litter.
Drawing from the literature, these differences in N and P dynamics may be due to the identity of wood decomposers. C : N of wood decomposers is higher than the mean C : N of leaf litter decomposers, and this difference in stoichiometry may have important flow-on effects for nutrient cycles in forests.
{"title":"Faster than expected: release of nitrogen and phosphorus from decomposing woody litter","authors":"Baptiste J. Wijas, William K. Cornwell, Brad Oberle, Jeff R. Powell, Amy E. Zanne","doi":"10.1111/nph.20362","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20362","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Deadwood represents globally important carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools. Current wood nutrient dynamics models are extensions of those developed for leaf litter decomposition. However, tissue structure and dominant decomposers differ between leaf and woody litter, and recent evidence suggests that decomposer stoichiometry, in combination with litter quality, may affect nutrient release.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We quantified decomposition and release of C and nutrients from woody litter for two stem sizes of 22 tree species in a P-limited temperate forest near Sydney, Australia, and compared these to estimates from leaf litter literature.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Following theory, N and P accumulated during early decomposition, but began to decline earlier than expected based on work in leaves. Woody litter converged on higher C : N (50) and N : P (80) ratios than in leaf litter studies. C : N at which N was released was higher in larger stems (<i>c</i>. 124) than in smaller stems (<i>c</i>. 82), both being higher than in leaf litter.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Drawing from the literature, these differences in N and P dynamics may be due to the identity of wood decomposers. C : N of wood decomposers is higher than the mean C : N of leaf litter decomposers, and this difference in stoichiometry may have important flow-on effects for nutrient cycles in forests.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"2214-2223"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueqi Li, Fanqi Bu, Man Zhang, Zhuozheng Li, Yu Zhang, Haowen Chen, Wanjie Xue, Ronghua Guo, Jingze Qi, Cholmin Kim, Saneyuki Kawabata, Yu Wang, Qingzhu Zhang, Yuhua Li, Yang Zhang
Flower color is an important character of ornamental plants and one of the main target traits for variety innovation. We previously identified a CmMYB6 epigenetic allele that affects the flower color in chrysanthemum, and changes in flower color are caused by the DNA methylation level of this gene. However, it is still unknown which DNA methyltransferases are involved in modifying the DNA methylation levels of this gene.
Here, we used dead Cas9 (dCas9) together with DNA methyltransferases that methylate cytosine residues in the CHH context to target the CmMYB6 promoter through transient and stable transformation methods.
We found that CmDRM2a increased the DNA methylation level of the CmMYB6 promoter, the expression of CmMYB6 decreased and a lighter flower color resulted. By contrast, both CmDRM2b and CmCMT2 enhanced DNA methylation levels of the CmMYB6 promoter, the expression of CmMYB6 increased and a deeper flower color resulted.
Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of DNA methyltransferase in the formation of chrysanthemum flower color was investigated, pointing to a new strategy for silencing or activating CmMYB6 epiallele to regulate anthocyanin synthesis. This lays a solid foundation for regulating flower color in chrysanthemum through epigenetic breeding.
{"title":"Enhancing nature's palette through the epigenetic breeding of flower color in chrysanthemum","authors":"Xueqi Li, Fanqi Bu, Man Zhang, Zhuozheng Li, Yu Zhang, Haowen Chen, Wanjie Xue, Ronghua Guo, Jingze Qi, Cholmin Kim, Saneyuki Kawabata, Yu Wang, Qingzhu Zhang, Yuhua Li, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20347","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20347","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Flower color is an important character of ornamental plants and one of the main target traits for variety innovation. We previously identified a <i>CmMYB6</i> epigenetic allele that affects the flower color in chrysanthemum, and changes in flower color are caused by the DNA methylation level of this gene. However, it is still unknown which DNA methyltransferases are involved in modifying the DNA methylation levels of this gene.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Here, we used dead Cas9 (dCas9) together with DNA methyltransferases that methylate cytosine residues in the CHH context to target the <i>CmMYB6</i> promoter through transient and stable transformation methods.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We found that CmDRM2a increased the DNA methylation level of the <i>CmMYB6</i> promoter, the expression of <i>CmMYB6</i> decreased and a lighter flower color resulted. By contrast, both CmDRM2b and CmCMT2 enhanced DNA methylation levels of the <i>CmMYB6</i> promoter, the expression of <i>CmMYB6</i> increased and a deeper flower color resulted.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of DNA methyltransferase in the formation of chrysanthemum flower color was investigated, pointing to a new strategy for silencing or activating <i>CmMYB6</i> epiallele to regulate anthocyanin synthesis. This lays a solid foundation for regulating flower color in chrysanthemum through epigenetic breeding.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"2117-2132"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into plant community responses to environmental variables: genome size, cellular nutrient investments, and metabolic tradeoffs","authors":"Erika I. Hersch-Green, Philip A. Fay, Hailee B. Hass, Nicholas G. Smith","doi":"10.1111/nph.20374","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"2336-2349"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long Ling, Allison L. Gill, Craig R. See, Timothy J. Fahey, Whendee L. Silver, Hans Lambers, Yiyang Ding, Tao Sun
Coarse roots represent a globally important belowground carbon pool, but the factors controlling coarse root decomposition rates remain poorly understood relative to other plant biomass components. We compiled the most comprehensive dataset of coarse root decomposition data including 148 observations from 60 woody species, and linked coarse root decomposition rates to plant traits, phylogeny and climate to address questions of the dominant controls on coarse root decomposition.
We found that decomposition rates increased with mean annual temperature, root nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Coarse root decomposition was slower for ectomycorrhizal than arbuscular mycorrhizal associated species, and angiosperm species decomposed faster than gymnosperms. Coarse root decomposition rates and calcium concentrations showed a strong phylogenetic signal.
Our findings suggest that categorical traits like mycorrhizal association and phylogenetic group, in conjunction with root quality and climate, collectively serve as the optimal predictors of coarse root decomposition rates.
Our findings propose a paradigm of the dominant controls on coarse decomposition, with mycorrhizal association and phylogeny acting as critical roles on coarse root decomposition, necessitating their explicit consideration in Earth-system models and ultimately improving confidence in projected carbon cycle–climate feedbacks.
{"title":"Patterns in coarse root decomposition of woody plants: effects of climate, root quality, mycorrhizal associations and phylogeny","authors":"Long Ling, Allison L. Gill, Craig R. See, Timothy J. Fahey, Whendee L. Silver, Hans Lambers, Yiyang Ding, Tao Sun","doi":"10.1111/nph.20365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20365","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Coarse roots represent a globally important belowground carbon pool, but the factors controlling coarse root decomposition rates remain poorly understood relative to other plant biomass components. We compiled the most comprehensive dataset of coarse root decomposition data including 148 observations from 60 woody species, and linked coarse root decomposition rates to plant traits, phylogeny and climate to address questions of the dominant controls on coarse root decomposition.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We found that decomposition rates increased with mean annual temperature, root nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Coarse root decomposition was slower for ectomycorrhizal than arbuscular mycorrhizal associated species, and angiosperm species decomposed faster than gymnosperms. Coarse root decomposition rates and calcium concentrations showed a strong phylogenetic signal.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our findings suggest that categorical traits like mycorrhizal association and phylogenetic group, in conjunction with root quality and climate, collectively serve as the optimal predictors of coarse root decomposition rates.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our findings propose a paradigm of the dominant controls on coarse decomposition, with mycorrhizal association and phylogeny acting as critical roles on coarse root decomposition, necessitating their explicit consideration in Earth-system models and ultimately improving confidence in projected carbon cycle–climate feedbacks.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"1940-1952"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie M. Tribble, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Michael R. May, Andrew L. Hipp, Marcial Escudero, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson
The effects of single chromosome number change—dysploidy – mediating diversification remain poorly understood. Dysploidy modifies recombination rates, linkage, or reproductive isolation, especially for one-fifth of all eukaryote lineages with holocentric chromosomes. Dysploidy effects on diversification have not been estimated because modeling chromosome numbers linked to diversification with heterogeneity along phylogenies is quantitatively challenging.
We propose a new state-dependent diversification model of chromosome evolution that links diversification rates to dysploidy rates considering heterogeneity and differentiates between anagenetic and cladogenetic changes. We apply this model to Carex (Cyperaceae), a cosmopolitan flowering plant clade with holocentric chromosomes.
We recover two distinct modes of chromosomal evolution and speciation in Carex. In one diversification mode, dysploidy occurs frequently and drives faster diversification rates. In the other mode, dysploidy is rare, and diversification is driven by hidden, unmeasured factors. When we use a model that excludes hidden states, we mistakenly infer a strong, uniformly positive effect of dysploidy on diversification, showing that standard models may lead to confident but incorrect conclusions about diversification.
This study demonstrates that dysploidy can have a significant role in speciation in a large plant clade despite the presence of other unmeasured factors that simultaneously affect diversification.
{"title":"Macroevolutionary inference of complex modes of chromosomal speciation in a cosmopolitan plant lineage","authors":"Carrie M. Tribble, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Michael R. May, Andrew L. Hipp, Marcial Escudero, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson","doi":"10.1111/nph.20353","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20353","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The effects of single chromosome number change—dysploidy – mediating diversification remain poorly understood. Dysploidy modifies recombination rates, linkage, or reproductive isolation, especially for one-fifth of all eukaryote lineages with holocentric chromosomes. Dysploidy effects on diversification have not been estimated because modeling chromosome numbers linked to diversification with heterogeneity along phylogenies is quantitatively challenging.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We propose a new state-dependent diversification model of chromosome evolution that links diversification rates to dysploidy rates considering heterogeneity and differentiates between anagenetic and cladogenetic changes. We apply this model to <i>Carex</i> (Cyperaceae), a cosmopolitan flowering plant clade with holocentric chromosomes.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We recover two distinct modes of chromosomal evolution and speciation in <i>Carex</i>. In one diversification mode, dysploidy occurs frequently and drives faster diversification rates. In the other mode, dysploidy is rare, and diversification is driven by hidden, unmeasured factors. When we use a model that excludes hidden states, we mistakenly infer a strong, uniformly positive effect of dysploidy on diversification, showing that standard models may lead to confident but incorrect conclusions about diversification.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This study demonstrates that dysploidy can have a significant role in speciation in a large plant clade despite the presence of other unmeasured factors that simultaneously affect diversification.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 5","pages":"2350-2361"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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