Jawameer R. Hama, Bente B. Laursen, Inge S. Fomsgaard, Mette Vestergård
Summary Interspecific root interactions are obviously important features of natural, diverse plant communities and cocropping systems. Yet, the implications of interspecific exchange of bioactive plant metabolites for plant defence are not clear. We hypothesise that cocropped heterospecific plants exchange defence compounds, thereby enhancing plant defence against pests. This study investigated the metabolome of white clover grown as a monocrop and cocropped with rye. We used targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics to elucidate whether the transfer of bioactive compounds enhances clover defence against root‐knot nematode invasion and reproduction. Our findings revealed that eight benzoxazinoids (BXs), a group of bioactive compounds produced by rye, were absorbed by clover roots, with three BXs translocated to the shoots. Cocropping and the root uptake of BXs altered the clover metabolome. These metabolic changes, along with BX transfer, significantly enhanced clover root defence against Meloidogyne incognita invasion and reproduction. Overall, this study provides novel insights into how specialised metabolites, such as BXs, mediate interspecific root interactions, ultimately improving plant defence in cereal–legume intercropping systems.
{"title":"Transfer of chemical defence from rye to clover is associated with enhanced clover resistance against root‐knot nematodes","authors":"Jawameer R. Hama, Bente B. Laursen, Inge S. Fomsgaard, Mette Vestergård","doi":"10.1111/nph.70789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70789","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Interspecific root interactions are obviously important features of natural, diverse plant communities and cocropping systems. Yet, the implications of interspecific exchange of bioactive plant metabolites for plant defence are not clear. We hypothesise that cocropped heterospecific plants exchange defence compounds, thereby enhancing plant defence against pests. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> This study investigated the metabolome of white clover grown as a monocrop and cocropped with rye. We used targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics to elucidate whether the transfer of bioactive compounds enhances clover defence against root‐knot nematode invasion and reproduction. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our findings revealed that eight benzoxazinoids (BXs), a group of bioactive compounds produced by rye, were absorbed by clover roots, with three BXs translocated to the shoots. Cocropping and the root uptake of BXs altered the clover metabolome. These metabolic changes, along with BX transfer, significantly enhanced clover root defence against <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita</jats:italic> invasion and reproduction. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Overall, this study provides novel insights into how specialised metabolites, such as BXs, mediate interspecific root interactions, ultimately improving plant defence in cereal–legume intercropping systems. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han-Tao Qin,Alex D Twyford,Wei Zheng,Richard I Milne,Li-Jun Yan,Zhi-Qiong Mo,Ming-Shu Zhu,Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann,De-Zhu Li,Hong-Tao Li,Lian-Ming Gao
Understanding how genomic architecture shapes patterns of gene flow is fundamental to unraveling the mechanisms of plant speciation. Here, we investigate whether differential gene flow dynamics between genomic spatial compartments play a role in speciation of Rhododendron subsect. Scabrifolia. We first present a chromosome-level genome assembly for Rhododendron spinuliferum, and use this to characterize large-scale chromatin organization, including A and B compartments. We then use genome resequencing data for 139 individuals from 15 populations of all eight species of R. subsect. Scabrifolia endemic to Southwest China to investigate speciation history. We find significant disparities in the extent of genomic differentiation between A and B compartments. The B compartment, closely associated with centromeres, tends to exhibit higher genetic differentiation, whereas the gene-rich A compartment appears less differentiated and exhibits more extreme fdm values, suggesting more extensive localized introgression. We propose that the heterogeneous nature of gene flow across genomic compartments contributes to speciation in Rhododendron, and may play a critical yet underappreciated role in gene flow dynamics in plants.
{"title":"The genomic architecture of introgression during Rhododendron speciation.","authors":"Han-Tao Qin,Alex D Twyford,Wei Zheng,Richard I Milne,Li-Jun Yan,Zhi-Qiong Mo,Ming-Shu Zhu,Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann,De-Zhu Li,Hong-Tao Li,Lian-Ming Gao","doi":"10.1111/nph.70794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70794","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how genomic architecture shapes patterns of gene flow is fundamental to unraveling the mechanisms of plant speciation. Here, we investigate whether differential gene flow dynamics between genomic spatial compartments play a role in speciation of Rhododendron subsect. Scabrifolia. We first present a chromosome-level genome assembly for Rhododendron spinuliferum, and use this to characterize large-scale chromatin organization, including A and B compartments. We then use genome resequencing data for 139 individuals from 15 populations of all eight species of R. subsect. Scabrifolia endemic to Southwest China to investigate speciation history. We find significant disparities in the extent of genomic differentiation between A and B compartments. The B compartment, closely associated with centromeres, tends to exhibit higher genetic differentiation, whereas the gene-rich A compartment appears less differentiated and exhibits more extreme fdm values, suggesting more extensive localized introgression. We propose that the heterogeneous nature of gene flow across genomic compartments contributes to speciation in Rhododendron, and may play a critical yet underappreciated role in gene flow dynamics in plants.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Agrobacterium ‐mediated transformation by floral inoculation (AMT‐FI) enables genetic engineering without tissue culture. It is widely used in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , yet its efficiency and broader applicability remain limited. Here, we used a dual‐reporter system (RUBY and hygromycin resistance) to identify key floral stages and engineered Agrobacterium strains to evade plant immunity, leading to enhanced transient expression and genome editing (GE). We determined that flowers opened at 6 d post inoculation (DPI) are optimal for high transformation efficiency, with nearly 100% of siliques harboring transformants. However, Agrobacterium infection induced ovule abortion, particularly in wild‐type (Col‐0) plants, whereas efr mutants lacking the EF‐Tu receptor (EFR)‐mediated pattern‐triggered immunity showed reduced ovule abortion. Notably, efr mutants exhibited more RUBY‐positive ovules and significantly enhanced GE efficiency. Two engineered stealth Agrobacterium strains (AS201 and AS202) expressing a chimeric EF‐Tu for evading recognition by EFR enhanced both transient transformation and GE efficiency. Remarkably, genome‐edited T1 plants could be recovered based on phenotype or direct sequencing without the need for antibiotic selection when targeting flowers opened at 6 DPI. By integrating floral stage selection, immune evasion, and Agrobacterium engineering, this study provides a practical and versatile platform to advance plant genome engineering.
{"title":"Floral stage optimization and immune evasion enhance Agrobacterium ‐mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis","authors":"Mao‐Sen Liu, Teng‐Kuei Huang, Yi‐Chieh Wang, Si‐Chong Wang, Chih‐Hang Wu, Chih‐Horng Kuo, Erh‐Min Lai","doi":"10.1111/nph.70795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70795","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> ‐mediated transformation by floral inoculation (AMT‐FI) enables genetic engineering without tissue culture. It is widely used in the model plant <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> , yet its efficiency and broader applicability remain limited. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Here, we used a dual‐reporter system (RUBY and hygromycin resistance) to identify key floral stages and engineered <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> strains to evade plant immunity, leading to enhanced transient expression and genome editing (GE). </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We determined that flowers opened at 6 d post inoculation (DPI) are optimal for high transformation efficiency, with nearly 100% of siliques harboring transformants. However, <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> infection induced ovule abortion, particularly in wild‐type (Col‐0) plants, whereas <jats:italic>efr</jats:italic> mutants lacking the EF‐Tu receptor (EFR)‐mediated pattern‐triggered immunity showed reduced ovule abortion. Notably, <jats:italic>efr</jats:italic> mutants exhibited more RUBY‐positive ovules and significantly enhanced GE efficiency. Two engineered stealth <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> strains (AS201 and AS202) expressing a chimeric EF‐Tu for evading recognition by EFR enhanced both transient transformation and GE efficiency. Remarkably, genome‐edited T1 plants could be recovered based on phenotype or direct sequencing without the need for antibiotic selection when targeting flowers opened at 6 DPI. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> By integrating floral stage selection, immune evasion, and <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> engineering, this study provides a practical and versatile platform to advance plant genome engineering. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pepe Cana‐Quijada, Pablo Morales‐Martínez, Tábata Rosas‐Díaz, Jessica Pérez‐Sancho, Tamara Jiménez‐Góngora, José Antonio Navarro, Rosa Lozano‐Durán, Araceli G. Castillo, Vicente Pallás, Eduardo R. Bejarano
Summary The vesicle trafficking system enables multidirectional cargo fluxes between endomembrane compartments. However, vesicle trafficking plays dual roles during pathogen infections. In plants, it mediates autophagic immune responses but can also be hijacked by pathogens to facilitate successful infections. We demonstrate that vesicle trafficking machinery acts as a double‐edged sword during infection by the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV) in Nicotiana benthamiana . Virus‐induced gene silencing of eight genes encoding key vesicle trafficking regulators revealed contrasting outcomes. Silencing of NbSAR1 and NbAP‐1γ significantly increased systemic geminiviral DNA accumulation, whereas silencing of Nbδ‐COP , NbARF1 and clathrin genes almost completely abolished infection. Notably, this inhibition is hypothesized to result from direct or indirect impairment in viral movement, as replication remained unaffected by gene silencing. The observed effects affect other geminiviruses, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and beet curly top virus (BCTV), but not unrelated pathogens, such as the RNA potato virus X (PVX) or the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae . These findings suggest that while the vacuolar and autophagy branches of the vesicle trafficking system might mediate antiviral autophagic defence responses, the integrity of endocytosis and retrograde transport is essential for systemic geminiviral infection.
{"title":"Defender or accomplice? Dual roles of plant vesicle trafficking in restricting and enabling geminiviral systemic infection","authors":"Pepe Cana‐Quijada, Pablo Morales‐Martínez, Tábata Rosas‐Díaz, Jessica Pérez‐Sancho, Tamara Jiménez‐Góngora, José Antonio Navarro, Rosa Lozano‐Durán, Araceli G. Castillo, Vicente Pallás, Eduardo R. Bejarano","doi":"10.1111/nph.70707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70707","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> The vesicle trafficking system enables multidirectional cargo fluxes between endomembrane compartments. However, vesicle trafficking plays dual roles during pathogen infections. In plants, it mediates autophagic immune responses but can also be hijacked by pathogens to facilitate successful infections. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We demonstrate that vesicle trafficking machinery acts as a double‐edged sword during infection by the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV) in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic> . Virus‐induced gene silencing of eight genes encoding key vesicle trafficking regulators revealed contrasting outcomes. Silencing of <jats:italic>NbSAR1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NbAP‐1γ</jats:italic> significantly increased systemic geminiviral DNA accumulation, whereas silencing of <jats:italic>Nbδ‐COP</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>NbARF1</jats:italic> and clathrin genes almost completely abolished infection. Notably, this inhibition is hypothesized to result from direct or indirect impairment in viral movement, as replication remained unaffected by gene silencing. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> The observed effects affect other geminiviruses, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and beet curly top virus (BCTV), but not unrelated pathogens, such as the RNA potato virus X (PVX) or the plant pathogenic bacterium <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae</jats:italic> . </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> These findings suggest that while the vacuolar and autophagy branches of the vesicle trafficking system might mediate antiviral autophagic defence responses, the integrity of endocytosis and retrograde transport is essential for systemic geminiviral infection. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to 'Neighbourhood-mediated shifts in tree biomass allocation drive overyielding in tropical species mixtures'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nph.70793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stomatal movement confers plants the ability to regulate gas exchange, water loss, pathogen defense and photosynthesis in response to diverse environmental signals. Rapid changes in the stomatal aperture are accompanied by adjustment of vacuole volume and morphology in guard cells (GCs). Fusion of small vacuoles is known to be required for stomatal opening. However, the regulation of vacuolar dynamics in GCs represents a largely uncharted area for understanding stomatal function and crop improvement. Here, we combined genetic, cytological and molecular approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of vacuolar fusion during stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. We report that both the loss function and overexpression of SYP22, a Qa-SNARE that facilitates homotypic vacuole fusion, repress vacuolar fusion in GCs and stomatal opening. BIN2 interacts with SYP22 and decreases the stability of SYP22 via phosphorylation. Further investigation reveals that the loss-of-function mutants of BIN2 and its homologs, bin2-3 bil1 bil2, promote vacuolar fusion and stomatal opening, whereas the gain-of-function mutant, bin2-1, exhibited restricted vacuolar fusion and stomatal opening. Our findings uncover that vacuolar fusion regulated by the BIN2-SYP22 module is required for stomatal opening, providing insights for breeding to improve plant environmental adaptability.
{"title":"SYP22 binding with BIN2 modulates vacuolar fusion in guard cells and affects stomatal opening in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Pengyue Sun,Huihui Shi,Jing Liang,Yifei Wang,Min Zhang,Xin Zhao,Yun-Kuan Liang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70780","url":null,"abstract":"Stomatal movement confers plants the ability to regulate gas exchange, water loss, pathogen defense and photosynthesis in response to diverse environmental signals. Rapid changes in the stomatal aperture are accompanied by adjustment of vacuole volume and morphology in guard cells (GCs). Fusion of small vacuoles is known to be required for stomatal opening. However, the regulation of vacuolar dynamics in GCs represents a largely uncharted area for understanding stomatal function and crop improvement. Here, we combined genetic, cytological and molecular approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of vacuolar fusion during stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. We report that both the loss function and overexpression of SYP22, a Qa-SNARE that facilitates homotypic vacuole fusion, repress vacuolar fusion in GCs and stomatal opening. BIN2 interacts with SYP22 and decreases the stability of SYP22 via phosphorylation. Further investigation reveals that the loss-of-function mutants of BIN2 and its homologs, bin2-3 bil1 bil2, promote vacuolar fusion and stomatal opening, whereas the gain-of-function mutant, bin2-1, exhibited restricted vacuolar fusion and stomatal opening. Our findings uncover that vacuolar fusion regulated by the BIN2-SYP22 module is required for stomatal opening, providing insights for breeding to improve plant environmental adaptability.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alayna Mead, Joie R. Beasley-Bennett, Andrew Bleich, Dylan Fischer, Shelby Flint, Julie Golightly, Lee Kalcsits, Sara K. Klopf, Mason W. Kulbaba, Jesse R. Lasky, Jared M. LeBoldus, David B. Lowry, Nora Mitchell, Emily Moran, Jason P. Sexton, Kelsey L. Søndreli, Baxter Worthing, Michelle Zavala-Paez, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Jason Holliday, Stephen Keller, Jill A. Hamilton
{"title":"Variation in responses to temperature in admixed Populus genotypes predicts geographic shifts in regions where hybrids are favored","authors":"Alayna Mead, Joie R. Beasley-Bennett, Andrew Bleich, Dylan Fischer, Shelby Flint, Julie Golightly, Lee Kalcsits, Sara K. Klopf, Mason W. Kulbaba, Jesse R. Lasky, Jared M. LeBoldus, David B. Lowry, Nora Mitchell, Emily Moran, Jason P. Sexton, Kelsey L. Søndreli, Baxter Worthing, Michelle Zavala-Paez, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Jason Holliday, Stephen Keller, Jill A. Hamilton","doi":"10.1111/nph.70787","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70787","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"249 3","pages":"1509-1526"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.70787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana M. Florez‐Rueda, Mathias Scharmann, Leonardo P. de Souza, Alisdair R. Fernie, Julien B. Bachelier, Duarte D. Figueiredo
{"title":"Genomic imprinting in an early‐diverging angiosperm reveals an ancient mechanism for seed initiation in flowering plants","authors":"Ana M. Florez‐Rueda, Mathias Scharmann, Leonardo P. de Souza, Alisdair R. Fernie, Julien B. Bachelier, Duarte D. Figueiredo","doi":"10.1111/nph.70776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：