Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a serious vascular wilt disease in cotton (Gossypium spp.). However, the roles and mechanisms of cotton gland formation (CGF) genes in regulating cotton V. dahliae resistance remain elusive. Virus-induced gene silencing or CRISPR-/Cas9-mediated knockdown or knockout of GbCGF2/3 decreases cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) shows lower transcript levels of the suberin biosynthetic gene fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase 3.1 (FAR3.1) in GbCGF2/3-silenced cotton plants. Silencing or knocking out GbFAR3.1 impairs cotton resistance to V. dahliae and decreases suberin compositional monomer fatty acids (C16-C24) contents. GbCGF2/3 positively regulates GbFAR3.1 expression by binding to its promoter. Suberin deposition in the lamellae layer of the root cell wall decreases significantly in GbCGF2/3 Cas9-mediated knockout and GbFAR3.1-silenced cotton plants. Additionally, the expression of gossypol biosynthetic genes and defense-related genes PDF1.2 and PR4 in the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) pathway is also downregulated in GbCGF2/3-silenced or Cas9-mediated knockout plants. In conclusion, GbCGF2/3 positively regulates Verticillium wilt resistance through promoting suberin biosynthesis, gossypol accumulation and expression of JA signaling defense-related genes, providing a novel insight and strategy for breeding cotton cultivars resistant to Verticillium wilt.
{"title":"Cotton gland formation genes GbCGF2/3 positively regulate Verticillium wilt resistance through modulating suberin biosynthesis.","authors":"Feifei Yi,Lili Shao,Shuang Wu,Kai Cheng,Zheng Zhang,Yuzhe Li,Shanci Hu,Jinping Wan,Qi Liu,Lijun Guo,Xiangyu Zhang,Baoshuan Shang,Juanjuan Yu,Huanquan Zheng,Jinggao Liu,Yingfan Cai,Xiao Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70809","url":null,"abstract":"Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a serious vascular wilt disease in cotton (Gossypium spp.). However, the roles and mechanisms of cotton gland formation (CGF) genes in regulating cotton V. dahliae resistance remain elusive. Virus-induced gene silencing or CRISPR-/Cas9-mediated knockdown or knockout of GbCGF2/3 decreases cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) shows lower transcript levels of the suberin biosynthetic gene fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase 3.1 (FAR3.1) in GbCGF2/3-silenced cotton plants. Silencing or knocking out GbFAR3.1 impairs cotton resistance to V. dahliae and decreases suberin compositional monomer fatty acids (C16-C24) contents. GbCGF2/3 positively regulates GbFAR3.1 expression by binding to its promoter. Suberin deposition in the lamellae layer of the root cell wall decreases significantly in GbCGF2/3 Cas9-mediated knockout and GbFAR3.1-silenced cotton plants. Additionally, the expression of gossypol biosynthetic genes and defense-related genes PDF1.2 and PR4 in the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) pathway is also downregulated in GbCGF2/3-silenced or Cas9-mediated knockout plants. In conclusion, GbCGF2/3 positively regulates Verticillium wilt resistance through promoting suberin biosynthesis, gossypol accumulation and expression of JA signaling defense-related genes, providing a novel insight and strategy for breeding cotton cultivars resistant to Verticillium wilt.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, yet its availability in soils is often limited or excessive, leading to widespread Fe deficiency or toxicity that constrains crop productivity. While Fe uptake, transport, and signaling pathways have been well characterized, the role of the root cell wall as a dynamic regulator of Fe homeostasis remains largely overlooked. This review presents the first comprehensive synthesis of how the structural and biochemical plasticity of the root apoplast and endodermis modulates Fe acquisition and distribution. We highlight key mechanisms, including pectin demethylation, proton extrusion, apoplastic acidification, callose deposition, Casparian strip formation, and suberization, that actively influence Fe solubility, binding, and radial movement across root tissues. By integrating recent findings on root cell-wall plasticity with Fe regulation, we identify regulatory hubs that link Fe status to cell-wall remodeling, as well as major knowledge gaps in the signaling pathways that mediate this connection. This timely review introduces a novel perspective that connects physical cell wall dynamics with molecular Fe signaling and underscores the potential of targeting cell wall traits to enhance Fe use efficiency and crop resilience, particularly on marginal soils.
{"title":"Root cell wall plasticity in iron homeostasis: an overlooked frontier in plant nutrition.","authors":"Poonam Kanwar,Petra Bauer","doi":"10.1111/nph.70806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70806","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, yet its availability in soils is often limited or excessive, leading to widespread Fe deficiency or toxicity that constrains crop productivity. While Fe uptake, transport, and signaling pathways have been well characterized, the role of the root cell wall as a dynamic regulator of Fe homeostasis remains largely overlooked. This review presents the first comprehensive synthesis of how the structural and biochemical plasticity of the root apoplast and endodermis modulates Fe acquisition and distribution. We highlight key mechanisms, including pectin demethylation, proton extrusion, apoplastic acidification, callose deposition, Casparian strip formation, and suberization, that actively influence Fe solubility, binding, and radial movement across root tissues. By integrating recent findings on root cell-wall plasticity with Fe regulation, we identify regulatory hubs that link Fe status to cell-wall remodeling, as well as major knowledge gaps in the signaling pathways that mediate this connection. This timely review introduces a novel perspective that connects physical cell wall dynamics with molecular Fe signaling and underscores the potential of targeting cell wall traits to enhance Fe use efficiency and crop resilience, particularly on marginal soils.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing frequencies of severe summer droughts and plant diversity loss disrupt ecosystem functioning and stability of European grasslands. Understanding how these factors interact with pathogens is crucial. We investigated the effects of plant diversity and repeated summer drought on soil-borne parasites within a grassland biodiversity experiment. The experiment included plant communities ranging from 1 to 60 species, with a sub-experiment simulating annual droughts for 6 wk in summer over 9 yr. One year after the final drought period, we analyzed the diversity and community composition of two parasitic protistan taxa with many plant-pathogenic members, Oomycota (Stramenopila) and Phytomyxea (Rhizaria), as well as protistan consumers in the Cercozoa (Rhizaria) using amplicon sequencing. Both Oomycota and Cercozoa, including Phytomyxea, responded to plant species richness and drought, but not uniformly. Plant species-specific Oomycota were enriched under drought, while Phytomyxea and cercozoan consumers exhibited shifts in both enriched and reduced operational taxonomic units. No mitigating effect of plant diversity against the effects of drought was observed. Our findings suggest that repeated summer droughts weaken plant defense against protistan plant parasites, causing long-lasting soil legacy effects across plant communities varying in diversity and community composition, potentially threatening ecosystem stability and functioning under future climate conditions.
{"title":"Legacies of consecutive summer droughts on soil-borne plant parasitic protists (Oomycota: Stramenopila and Phytomyxea: Rhizaria) and protistan consumers (Cercozoa: Rhizaria) along an experimental plant diversity gradient.","authors":"Marcel Dominik Solbach,Cynthia Albracht,Kenneth Dumack,Nico Eisenhauer,Anna Maria Fiore-Donno,Nils Heck,Anja Vogel,Cameron Wagg,Michael Bonkowski","doi":"10.1111/nph.70756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70756","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing frequencies of severe summer droughts and plant diversity loss disrupt ecosystem functioning and stability of European grasslands. Understanding how these factors interact with pathogens is crucial. We investigated the effects of plant diversity and repeated summer drought on soil-borne parasites within a grassland biodiversity experiment. The experiment included plant communities ranging from 1 to 60 species, with a sub-experiment simulating annual droughts for 6 wk in summer over 9 yr. One year after the final drought period, we analyzed the diversity and community composition of two parasitic protistan taxa with many plant-pathogenic members, Oomycota (Stramenopila) and Phytomyxea (Rhizaria), as well as protistan consumers in the Cercozoa (Rhizaria) using amplicon sequencing. Both Oomycota and Cercozoa, including Phytomyxea, responded to plant species richness and drought, but not uniformly. Plant species-specific Oomycota were enriched under drought, while Phytomyxea and cercozoan consumers exhibited shifts in both enriched and reduced operational taxonomic units. No mitigating effect of plant diversity against the effects of drought was observed. Our findings suggest that repeated summer droughts weaken plant defense against protistan plant parasites, causing long-lasting soil legacy effects across plant communities varying in diversity and community composition, potentially threatening ecosystem stability and functioning under future climate conditions.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat stress is a major environmental challenge affecting agricultural productivity and food security. The jasmonate (JA)-myelocytomatosis protein 2 (MYC2) pathway plays a critical role in plant growth and stress response. However, the mechanisms of how the JA-MYC2 pathway participates in the heat stress response in tomato remain unclear. Here, using approaches of reverse genetics, biochemical and molecular biology, we explore the molecular mechanism by which the JA signaling pathway and the histone demethylase Jumonji C domain - containing protein C3 (JMJC3) synergistically regulate thermotolerance in tomato. The JA biosynthetic mutant spr2 exhibited reduced thermotolerance, which was rescued by exogenous methyl jasmonate. Further analysis revealed that the transcription factor MYC2, a key JA signaling component, directly binds to the promoters of heat shock proteins (HSPs), activating their expression under heat stress. Moreover, MYC2 interacts with the histone demethylase JMJC3, which specifically removes repressive histone marks (H3K9me1/3 and H3K27me3) at HSP loci, facilitating their transcription. Genetic evidence showed that JMJC3 silencing compromises MYC2-mediated thermotolerance and HSP induction. Notably, MYC2 also transcriptionally activates JMJC3, forming a positive feedback loop. Collectively, the study unveiled a JA-MYC2-JMJC3 module that integrates hormonal signaling and epigenetic regulation to enhance HSP expression and thermotolerance in tomato, providing insights into plant adaptation to heat stress.
{"title":"MYC2 interacts with JMJC3 to modulate jasmonate-regulated thermotolerance in tomato.","authors":"Tong Xu,Tingting Ran,Ying Shi,Fengjun Yang,Xinlin Chen,Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka,Vasileios Fotopoulos,Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1111/nph.70816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70816","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress is a major environmental challenge affecting agricultural productivity and food security. The jasmonate (JA)-myelocytomatosis protein 2 (MYC2) pathway plays a critical role in plant growth and stress response. However, the mechanisms of how the JA-MYC2 pathway participates in the heat stress response in tomato remain unclear. Here, using approaches of reverse genetics, biochemical and molecular biology, we explore the molecular mechanism by which the JA signaling pathway and the histone demethylase Jumonji C domain - containing protein C3 (JMJC3) synergistically regulate thermotolerance in tomato. The JA biosynthetic mutant spr2 exhibited reduced thermotolerance, which was rescued by exogenous methyl jasmonate. Further analysis revealed that the transcription factor MYC2, a key JA signaling component, directly binds to the promoters of heat shock proteins (HSPs), activating their expression under heat stress. Moreover, MYC2 interacts with the histone demethylase JMJC3, which specifically removes repressive histone marks (H3K9me1/3 and H3K27me3) at HSP loci, facilitating their transcription. Genetic evidence showed that JMJC3 silencing compromises MYC2-mediated thermotolerance and HSP induction. Notably, MYC2 also transcriptionally activates JMJC3, forming a positive feedback loop. Collectively, the study unveiled a JA-MYC2-JMJC3 module that integrates hormonal signaling and epigenetic regulation to enhance HSP expression and thermotolerance in tomato, providing insights into plant adaptation to heat stress.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"411 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keda Cui,Xinyu Han,Huaijiang He,Chunyu Fan,Lushuang Gao,Chunyu Zhang,Klaus von Gadow,Xiuhai Zhao
The increasing frequency and intensity of drought events in temperate regions threaten forest ecosystem stability. However, the multidimensional stability, including resistance, recovery, and temporal invariability, and its ecological drivers, remain poorly understood. In this study, we integrate trait-based approaches with biomass dynamics reconstructed using tree rings from temperate forests in northeastern China to explore how functional composition and diversity influence multidimensional stability across varying drought regimes. Using 234 drought events, we quantified four dimensions of stability: resistance (capacity to withstand drought), recovery (ability to regain productivity after drought), resilience (return to pre-drought levels), and temporal invariability (long-term stability in productivity). We found significant linear and nonlinear relationships among stability dimensions, demonstrating their interdependencies. Communities dominated by conservative strategies, characterized by higher wood density, exhibited greater resistance and temporal invariability. By contrast, communities dominated by acquisitive strategies, characterized by larger specific leaf area, showed rapid recovery, though the benefits of these strategies decreased with increasing drought intensity. Functional diversity improved resistance during prolonged droughts but hindered recovery, highlighting context-dependent trait effects. This study emphasizes the importance of establishing a comprehensive stability framework that integrates drought characteristics and community traits to predict forest responses to climate extremes.
{"title":"Linking drought characteristics and community functional traits to explain multidimensional forest stability.","authors":"Keda Cui,Xinyu Han,Huaijiang He,Chunyu Fan,Lushuang Gao,Chunyu Zhang,Klaus von Gadow,Xiuhai Zhao","doi":"10.1111/nph.70814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70814","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing frequency and intensity of drought events in temperate regions threaten forest ecosystem stability. However, the multidimensional stability, including resistance, recovery, and temporal invariability, and its ecological drivers, remain poorly understood. In this study, we integrate trait-based approaches with biomass dynamics reconstructed using tree rings from temperate forests in northeastern China to explore how functional composition and diversity influence multidimensional stability across varying drought regimes. Using 234 drought events, we quantified four dimensions of stability: resistance (capacity to withstand drought), recovery (ability to regain productivity after drought), resilience (return to pre-drought levels), and temporal invariability (long-term stability in productivity). We found significant linear and nonlinear relationships among stability dimensions, demonstrating their interdependencies. Communities dominated by conservative strategies, characterized by higher wood density, exhibited greater resistance and temporal invariability. By contrast, communities dominated by acquisitive strategies, characterized by larger specific leaf area, showed rapid recovery, though the benefits of these strategies decreased with increasing drought intensity. Functional diversity improved resistance during prolonged droughts but hindered recovery, highlighting context-dependent trait effects. This study emphasizes the importance of establishing a comprehensive stability framework that integrates drought characteristics and community traits to predict forest responses to climate extremes.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In plants, many (bHLH) transcription factors play key roles in processes governing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Whether and how bHLH transcription factors participate in tomato defense against the invasive pest Phthorimaea absoluta remains unclear. We here reveal that the bHLH transcription factor gene SlJIG responds positively to P. absoluta infestation, to methyl jasmonate-treatment and to wounding. Gene editing SlJIG in tomato plants increased susceptibility to P. absoluta larvae and attractiveness to oviposition by P. absoluta females but decreased attractiveness to Nesidiocoris poppiusi, a natural predator of P. absoluta. SlJIG was found to enhance resistance through the transcriptional activation of key enzymes in the α-tomatine (HMGR1 and FPPS1) and flavonoid (CHI1 and FLS) biosynthesis pathway. Gene editing SlJIG decreased biosynthesis of α-tomatine and kaempferol, which are two key defensive metabolites against P. absoluta larvae. It also repressed the transcription of terpene synthesis TPS12, resulting in lower emission of α-humulene, which is correlated with the preference changes of P. absoluta and N. poppiusi. These findings underscore the pivotal role of SlJIG as a regulator of tomato defense against P. absoluta and highlight its potential as a target for molecular breeding to enhance tomato resistance.
{"title":"Transcription factor SlJIG orchestrates multi-layer defense in tomato against the invasive pest Phthorimaea absoluta.","authors":"Zhiwei Kang,Xiaoyan Guo,Zichao Song,Cheng Qu,Jiancai Li,Lei Deng,Shizhao Jing,Kexin Liu,Na Zhang,Ning Di,Yangdong Guo,Chuanyou Li,Jianghua Sun","doi":"10.1111/nph.70797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70797","url":null,"abstract":"In plants, many (bHLH) transcription factors play key roles in processes governing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Whether and how bHLH transcription factors participate in tomato defense against the invasive pest Phthorimaea absoluta remains unclear. We here reveal that the bHLH transcription factor gene SlJIG responds positively to P. absoluta infestation, to methyl jasmonate-treatment and to wounding. Gene editing SlJIG in tomato plants increased susceptibility to P. absoluta larvae and attractiveness to oviposition by P. absoluta females but decreased attractiveness to Nesidiocoris poppiusi, a natural predator of P. absoluta. SlJIG was found to enhance resistance through the transcriptional activation of key enzymes in the α-tomatine (HMGR1 and FPPS1) and flavonoid (CHI1 and FLS) biosynthesis pathway. Gene editing SlJIG decreased biosynthesis of α-tomatine and kaempferol, which are two key defensive metabolites against P. absoluta larvae. It also repressed the transcription of terpene synthesis TPS12, resulting in lower emission of α-humulene, which is correlated with the preference changes of P. absoluta and N. poppiusi. These findings underscore the pivotal role of SlJIG as a regulator of tomato defense against P. absoluta and highlight its potential as a target for molecular breeding to enhance tomato resistance.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junzhou Liu, Tingting Du, Xianke Yang, Jinfang Zhao, Sheng Liang, Zhuo Chen, Hui Zhang, Yang Xiao, Dongliang Xiong
Summary How plants cope with drought remains a major challenge in plant biology. Plants have evolved diverse drought resistance strategies, whether they operate synergistically or exhibit trade‐offs remains a critical knowledge gap. Here, we examined drought resistance strategies across 128 plant species, encompassing diverse plant phyla, original biomes, leaf types, and growth forms. Their leaf water retention capacity, rehydration capacity, and anatomical traits of leaves were measured. Our analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf water retention capacity and rehydration capacity ( R2 = 0.55, P < 0.001), providing compelling evidence for an trade‐off between desiccation avoidance and desiccation tolerance at the leaf level. This trade‐off exhibits clear anatomical underpinnings in leaf structural traits including cell size, leaf thickness, vein density, and xylem proportion. We found significant variations in both capacities across plant phyla, original biomes, and leaf types, suggesting that vascular structure evolution and habitat adaptation may be primary drivers shaping drought resistance strategies. Notably, interspecific differences in leaf water retention capacity were mainly due to variations in water loss rate rather than water storage capacity. Our findings advance mechanistic understanding of drought resistance strategies across different plant types and contribute to improved predictions of vegetation responses to climate change.
植物如何应对干旱仍然是植物生物学中的一个重大挑战。植物已经进化出了多种抗旱策略，无论它们是协同运作还是表现出权衡，仍然是一个关键的知识缺口。在这里，我们研究了128种植物的抗旱策略，包括不同的植物门、原始生物群系、叶片类型和生长形式。测定了它们叶片的保水性、复水化能力和解剖性状。我们的分析显示，叶片保水能力和再水化能力之间存在显著的负相关（r2 = 0.55, P < 0.001），为叶片水平上避免干燥和耐受干燥之间的权衡提供了令人信服的证据。这种权衡表现出叶片结构特征的清晰解剖学基础，包括细胞大小、叶片厚度、叶脉密度和木质部比例。我们发现植物门、原始生物群系和叶片类型在这两种能力上存在显著差异，这表明维管结构进化和栖息地适应可能是形成抗旱策略的主要驱动因素。值得注意的是，种间叶片保水能力的差异主要是由于失水速率的差异，而不是由于储水能力的差异。我们的研究结果促进了对不同植物类型抗旱策略的机制理解，并有助于改进植被对气候变化的响应预测。
{"title":"A trade‐off between leaf water retention capacity and rehydration capacity among plant species","authors":"Junzhou Liu, Tingting Du, Xianke Yang, Jinfang Zhao, Sheng Liang, Zhuo Chen, Hui Zhang, Yang Xiao, Dongliang Xiong","doi":"10.1111/nph.70821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70821","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> How plants cope with drought remains a major challenge in plant biology. Plants have evolved diverse drought resistance strategies, whether they operate synergistically or exhibit trade‐offs remains a critical knowledge gap. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Here, we examined drought resistance strategies across 128 plant species, encompassing diverse plant phyla, original biomes, leaf types, and growth forms. Their leaf water retention capacity, rehydration capacity, and anatomical traits of leaves were measured. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf water retention capacity and rehydration capacity ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.55, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001), providing compelling evidence for an trade‐off between desiccation avoidance and desiccation tolerance at the leaf level. This trade‐off exhibits clear anatomical underpinnings in leaf structural traits including cell size, leaf thickness, vein density, and xylem proportion. We found significant variations in both capacities across plant phyla, original biomes, and leaf types, suggesting that vascular structure evolution and habitat adaptation may be primary drivers shaping drought resistance strategies. Notably, interspecific differences in leaf water retention capacity were mainly due to variations in water loss rate rather than water storage capacity. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our findings advance mechanistic understanding of drought resistance strategies across different plant types and contribute to improved predictions of vegetation responses to climate change. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE), referring to the effects of living plant roots on soil organic matter decomposition, plays an important role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycling. However, how global changes may affect RPE remains unclear. By conducting a global meta‐analysis of 220 observations from 39 plant species planted in 49 mineral and organic soils, we quantified the effects of multiple global change factors on RPE and explored the regulations of plant, edaphic, and experimental factors on RPE responses. We found that, overall, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, elevated CO 2 , warming, increased precipitation, or nitrogen addition plus elevated CO 2 had a neutral effect on RPE, while nitrogen plus phosphorus addition significantly decreased RPE. The responses of RPE and plant biomass were decoupled under all these global change factors. Across studies, the elevated CO 2 effect on RPE increased significantly with soil nitrogen availability but decreased with soil clay plus silt content under ambient nitrogen, but these relationships disappeared under elevated nitrogen. Similarly, the warming effect on RPE increased with soil nitrogen availability. Our findings suggest that, when considered from the perspective of individual GCFs, global change may not have a substantial impact on the rhizosphere priming effect.
{"title":"Rhizosphere priming of soil organic matter in response to multiple global change factors","authors":"Jiguang Feng, Qiufang Zhang, Ying Chen, Feike A. Dijkstra, Biao Zhu","doi":"10.1111/nph.70805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70805","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE), referring to the effects of living plant roots on soil organic matter decomposition, plays an important role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycling. However, how global changes may affect RPE remains unclear. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> By conducting a global meta‐analysis of 220 observations from 39 plant species planted in 49 mineral and organic soils, we quantified the effects of multiple global change factors on RPE and explored the regulations of plant, edaphic, and experimental factors on RPE responses. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We found that, overall, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, elevated CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , warming, increased precipitation, or nitrogen addition plus elevated CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> had a neutral effect on RPE, while nitrogen plus phosphorus addition significantly decreased RPE. The responses of RPE and plant biomass were decoupled under all these global change factors. Across studies, the elevated CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> effect on RPE increased significantly with soil nitrogen availability but decreased with soil clay plus silt content under ambient nitrogen, but these relationships disappeared under elevated nitrogen. Similarly, the warming effect on RPE increased with soil nitrogen availability. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our findings suggest that, when considered from the perspective of individual GCFs, global change may not have a substantial impact on the rhizosphere priming effect. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three CO 2 ‐concentrating mechanisms are integrated in a single leaf of an aquatic plant","authors":"Genki Horiguchi","doi":"10.1111/nph.70800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The homology and evolutionary origins of conifer seed cones have been debated in the plant morphology literature for over a century. Although seed cones are broadly considered to be compound, in which the ovule‐bearing structure is a highly modified shoot termed the ovuliferous scale, conifer research over the last several decades has challenged this interpretation for some taxa and raised new questions about the evolution of these reproductive structures. Here I explore (1) whether structures homologous to the axillary ovuliferous shoots of ancient conifers are present in all groups of living conifers, (2) the development and evolutionary origins of the inverted vascular bundles of ovuliferous scales, (3) the role of heterochrony in seed cone evolution and its relationship to functional morphology and pollination, and (4) evidence of parallel evolution of ovuliferous scales among major conifer lineages.
{"title":"Homology and heterochrony in the evolution of conifer seed cones","authors":"Kelly K. S. Matsunaga","doi":"10.1111/nph.70783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70783","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The homology and evolutionary origins of conifer seed cones have been debated in the plant morphology literature for over a century. Although seed cones are broadly considered to be compound, in which the ovule‐bearing structure is a highly modified shoot termed the ovuliferous scale, conifer research over the last several decades has challenged this interpretation for some taxa and raised new questions about the evolution of these reproductive structures. Here I explore (1) whether structures homologous to the axillary ovuliferous shoots of ancient conifers are present in all groups of living conifers, (2) the development and evolutionary origins of the inverted vascular bundles of ovuliferous scales, (3) the role of heterochrony in seed cone evolution and its relationship to functional morphology and pollination, and (4) evidence of parallel evolution of ovuliferous scales among major conifer lineages.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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