Posy E. Busby, Austen Apigo, Dagmara Sirova, Eduardo Pérez-Pazos, Kyle A. Gervers, Abigail Neat, María-José Romero-Jiménez, Leander D. L. Anderegg, Gail Taylor
Elucidating the factors controlling plant microbiome assembly is a major research goal in plant biology given a growing awareness of microbial community contributions to host plant health and fitness. While stomata have long been recognized to influence pathogen colonization, less is known about whether or how stomatal traits regulate diverse communities of nonpathogenic microbes that make up the majority of the leaf microbiome. In this Viewpoint, we propose that stomata are a primary filter by which plants influence the assembly of leaf-associated microbial communities. We discuss three nonmutually exclusive hypotheses for how stomatal traits influence leaf microbes, including preliminary support for each based on published studies of foliar fungi and bacteria. The stomatal density hypothesis argues that a greater density of pores increases the rate of microbial entry into the leaf, while the stomatal function hypothesis posits that the duration and speed of stomatal opening and closing regulate microbial access into the leaf. The stomatal covariation hypothesis recognizes that many other leaf traits covary with stomatal traits and thus could contribute to observed relationships between stomatal traits and leaf microbiome structure. Finally, we propose research priorities to improve our understanding of stomatal control over leaf microbiome assembly.
{"title":"Do stomatal traits modulate leaf microbiome assembly?","authors":"Posy E. Busby, Austen Apigo, Dagmara Sirova, Eduardo Pérez-Pazos, Kyle A. Gervers, Abigail Neat, María-José Romero-Jiménez, Leander D. L. Anderegg, Gail Taylor","doi":"10.1111/nph.70914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70914","url":null,"abstract":"Elucidating the factors controlling plant microbiome assembly is a major research goal in plant biology given a growing awareness of microbial community contributions to host plant health and fitness. While stomata have long been recognized to influence pathogen colonization, less is known about whether or how stomatal traits regulate diverse communities of nonpathogenic microbes that make up the majority of the leaf microbiome. In this Viewpoint, we propose that stomata are a primary filter by which plants influence the assembly of leaf-associated microbial communities. We discuss three nonmutually exclusive hypotheses for how stomatal traits influence leaf microbes, including preliminary support for each based on published studies of foliar fungi and bacteria. The stomatal density hypothesis argues that a greater density of pores increases the rate of microbial entry into the leaf, while the stomatal function hypothesis posits that the duration and speed of stomatal opening and closing regulate microbial access into the leaf. The stomatal covariation hypothesis recognizes that many other leaf traits covary with stomatal traits and thus could contribute to observed relationships between stomatal traits and leaf microbiome structure. Finally, we propose research priorities to improve our understanding of stomatal control over leaf microbiome assembly.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Osmotic stress threatens plant survival and agricultural safety. Despite the progress made to elucidate how plants sense and adapt to osmotic stress, the knowledge underlying plant osmosensing remains limited. Notably, recent discoveries uncovering protein phase separation as an osmosensing and stress‐adaptive mechanism have shed new light on this field. From a combined biological and physicochemical perspective, we dissect how osmotic stress affects a plant meristematic cell, propose macromolecular crowding and water content as previously overlooked osmosignals, discuss their perception by phase‐separable proteins, and summarize the features of osmotic stress adaptation mediated by biomolecular condensates. We hope this review provides fresh insights into understanding osmotic stress and plant osmosensing.
{"title":"Condense to sense: a new path for plant osmosensing","authors":"Zhenyu Wang, Hongwei Guo","doi":"10.1111/nph.70899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70899","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Osmotic stress threatens plant survival and agricultural safety. Despite the progress made to elucidate how plants sense and adapt to osmotic stress, the knowledge underlying plant osmosensing remains limited. Notably, recent discoveries uncovering protein phase separation as an osmosensing and stress‐adaptive mechanism have shed new light on this field. From a combined biological and physicochemical perspective, we dissect how osmotic stress affects a plant meristematic cell, propose macromolecular crowding and water content as previously overlooked osmosignals, discuss their perception by phase‐separable proteins, and summarize the features of osmotic stress adaptation mediated by biomolecular condensates. We hope this review provides fresh insights into understanding osmotic stress and plant osmosensing.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"270 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Prime editing (PE), a new Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based tool, enables a broad spectrum of genetic changes. PE combines a fusion protein of a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) and M-MLV reverse transcriptase with a PE guide (peg)RNA composed of a single guide (sg)RNA and a 3′ extension containing the reverse transcription (RT) template and primer-binding site (PBS). When initially developed, PE, PE2, which uses a single pegRNA and engineered PE harboring five mutations, and PE3, which uses the engineered PE coupled with single pegRNA and additional nicking sgRNA targeting the nonedited strand, were developed in a stepwise manner, establishing PE3 as a highly reproducible method in mammalian cells (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). However, efficiency varied considerably among target sites and cell types (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). Efficient PE systems have now been applied widely to programmable and precise genome editing in a variety of organisms, including several plant species (Chen & Liu, <span>2023</span>). Efforts to further optimize effective PE in mammalian (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Choi <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>) and plant (J. Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Jiang <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>) cells have encompassed several approaches, including transient inhibition of p53 (M. Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>) or mismatch repair-related protein (Chen <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>), separation of nCas9 and RT enzyme (B. Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>), addition of T5 exonucleases to the RT enzyme (Liang <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), engineering the RT enzyme (Zong <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>), treatment with Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (N. Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>), and improving the pegRNA by using circular RNA (B. Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). Among these previous reports, major breakthroughs have been achieved using: (1) engineered pegRNA (epegRNA) with an RNA pseudoknot sequence at the 3′ end to enhance stability and prevent degradation (Nelson <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>); and (2) paired pegRNAs (Lin <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>) to edit different DNA strands simultaneously by RT of two templates.</p><p>The increased PE frequency highlights the concomitant introduction of undesired edits (roughly classified into two types) occurring in addition to desired mutations at target sites (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Nelson <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Zong <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). One type of undesired mutation occurring via PE is the insertion/deletion (indel) mutations and/or tandem duplications induced by endogenous DNA repair pathways. Fusion of an nCas9 variant (H840A + N854A) with M-MLV RT enzyme led to the decreased introduction of unwanted indels and increased frequency of correct edits compared with nCas9 (H840A) in mammalian cells (Lee <i>et al</
引体编辑（PE）是一种新的基于聚类规则间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的工具，可以实现广泛的遗传变化。PE将Cas9缺口酶（nCas9）和M-MLV逆转录酶的融合蛋白与PE向导（peg）RNA结合，该RNA由单个向导（sg）RNA和包含逆转录（RT）模板和引物结合位点（PBS）的3 '延伸组成。在最初开发时，PE、PE2（使用单个pegRNA和含有五个突变的工程PE）和PE3（使用工程PE与单个pegRNA和额外靶向非编辑链的切口sgRNA）以逐步方式开发，使PE3在哺乳动物细胞中成为一种高度可重复性的方法（Anzalone等人，2019）。然而，不同靶点和细胞类型的效率差异很大（Anzalone et al., 2019）。高效的PE系统现已广泛应用于多种生物，包括几种植物物种的可编程和精确基因组编辑（Chen & Liu, 2023）。进一步优化哺乳动物（Anzalone et al., 2022; Choi et al., 2022）和植物(J. Li et al., 2022；江et al ., 2022)细胞包含几种方法,包括瞬态抑制p53 (m .李et al ., 2022)或不匹配repair-related蛋白质(Chen et al ., 2021),分离nCas9和RT酶(b .刘et al ., 2022),增加T5核酸外切酶RT酶(梁et al ., 2023),工程RT酶(宗庆后et al ., 2022),治疗组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂(n .刘et al ., 2022),和改善pegRNA利用环状RNA (b .刘et al ., 2022)。在这些先前的报道中，主要的突破已经实现了：(1)在3 '端具有RNA假结序列的工程pegRNA (epegRNA)，以增强稳定性和防止降解（Nelson等，2022）；(2)配对pegRNAs (Lin et al., 2021)，通过两个模板的RT同时编辑不同的DNA链。增加的PE频率突出表明，除了在目标位点发生所需突变外，还会同时引入不希望的编辑（大致分为两种类型）（Anzalone等人，2019；Nelson等人，2022；Zong等人，2022）。通过PE发生的一种不希望发生的突变是由内源性DNA修复途径诱导的插入/删除（indel）突变和/或串联复制。与哺乳动物细胞中的nCas9 （H840A + N854A）相比，将nCas9变体（H840A + N854A）与M-MLV RT酶融合可以减少不需要的indel引入，并增加正确编辑的频率（Lee等，2023）。第二种不希望发生的突变是由pegRNA的支架序列的逆转录产物并入基因组而产生的支架衍生副产物。Chen等人（2021）重新编码了pegRNA支架的3 '端，以避免与基因组靶标序列同源，并报道了支架衍生副产物的发生率降低；然而，这种方法虽然很有希望，但尚未得到充分的研究。最近，我们测定了基于nspcas9的pe - pegrna -靶DNA复合物的低温电镜结构，发现M-MLV-RT酶可以将逆转录延伸到RT模板末端以外的支架区域（Shuto et al., 2024）。此外，使用PE2进行的体外PE测定显示，RT产物始终比RT模板序列的长度长3个核苷酸（Shuto等，2024）。因此，我们通过修改支架序列，将pegRNA支架的最后3-nt （5 ' -UGC-3 '）替换为RT模板附近的目标序列的3-nt，从而开发出高保真的pegRNA (pegRNA- hf)，改变了茎环形成区域的匹配对（Shuto et al., 2024）。然而，在哺乳动物细胞中，不希望的支架衍生突变比容易出错的修复诱导的突变要少得多（Chen et al., 2021; Shuto et al., 2024）；因此，尚不清楚pegRNA-HF是否能抑制哺乳动物细胞中支架来源的突变（Shuto et al., 2024）。在这里，我们提出了一种高效的水稻PE系统，利用工程pegRNA （epegRNA）的组合开发，以提高稳定性和防止3 '延伸的降解，并配对pegRNA靶向不同的DNA链，同时通过RT每个模板合成编辑的DNA序列。使用这种方法，我们观察到，在再生水稻植株中，不希望的支架衍生突变比DNA双链断裂（DSB）修复引起的突变更频繁。为了提高精确编辑的保真度，我们接下来测试了使用配对epegRNA-HFs的PE系统（PE与配对epegRNA-HFs）。我们的研究结果表明，水稻PE与配对的epegRNA-HFs避免了将不需要的支架衍生副产物引入目标位点，从而在植物细胞中建立了高效准确的PE系统。 我们在8个或9个表达epegRNAs或epegRNA-HFs的独立愈伤组织再生的植株中分别检测到oor基因的杂合或纯合R115H突变，突变率为20%至100%。然而，我们在一小部分表达epegRNAs（4/8系，50%）或epegRNA-HFs（2/9系，22%）的再生植株中观察到不希望的副产物（表S3）。与表达epegRNA-HFs的植物相比，表达epegRNA-HFs的植物的不良副产物明显减少（表S3）。T1个子代来自自花授粉的T0个再生植株，这些植株携带oor基因的杂合R115H突变。对T1个子代的OsOr基因分型证实，通过PE引入的R115H突变稳定地从T0个植株遗传给T1个子代（图S2C）。与WT相比，由成熟种子的盾部衍生出的带有oor基因纯合子R115H突变（OsOrR115H）的愈伤组织颜色变得更黄（图2e）。与此观察结果一致的是，在OsOrR115H愈伤组织中检测到β-胡萝卜素，而在WT愈伤组织（图S3A）或WT和OsOrR115H的种子中检测不到β-胡萝卜素（图S3B）。我们进一步评估了PE与配对的epegRNAs和epegRNA-HFs在另外两个水稻靶点上的有效性和准确性。设计成对的epegrna和epegRNA-HFs分别将F140H和D20转化为OsHSL1和OsWaxy基因中的停止密码子（图3a，b）。将F140H突变引入OsHSL1基因有望赋予对4-羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶（HPPD）除草剂的耐受性（Dong et al, 2024）。OsWaxy已被用作几种植物物种基因组编辑的模型基因，因为据报道，敲除这些基因会导致蜡质表型（Nishizawa-Yokoi et al., 2015）。在OsHSL1和OsWaxy基因上，epegRNAs和epegRNA-HFs在转基因愈伤组织中的PE频率没有显著差异（图3c）。用epegRNAs表达PE的转基因愈伤组织的T0个再生植株的序列分析显示，除了期望的突变外，在几个品系（OsHSL1中3/5的品系和OsWaxy中2/5的品系）中检测到支架衍生的不希望的突变（表S3；图S4A，B）。另一方面，在表达epegRNA-HFs的PE的T0再生植株中，这些靶基因（OsHSL1的0/5系和OsWaxy的0/5系）的不良突变发生率被完全抑制（表S3）。本研究通过将PE与配对的epegRNAs结合在水稻中，成功建立了一个更高效的PE系统（图S1E， S2B）。有报道称，利用复合聚合酶II Cestrum yellow
{"title":"Efficient and accurate prime editing system in plants","authors":"Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi, Keiko Iida, Akiko Mori, Miho Takemura, Yutaro Shuto, Ryoya Nakagawa, Osamu Nureki, Seiichi Toki","doi":"10.1111/nph.70890","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prime editing (PE), a new Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based tool, enables a broad spectrum of genetic changes. PE combines a fusion protein of a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) and M-MLV reverse transcriptase with a PE guide (peg)RNA composed of a single guide (sg)RNA and a 3′ extension containing the reverse transcription (RT) template and primer-binding site (PBS). When initially developed, PE, PE2, which uses a single pegRNA and engineered PE harboring five mutations, and PE3, which uses the engineered PE coupled with single pegRNA and additional nicking sgRNA targeting the nonedited strand, were developed in a stepwise manner, establishing PE3 as a highly reproducible method in mammalian cells (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). However, efficiency varied considerably among target sites and cell types (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). Efficient PE systems have now been applied widely to programmable and precise genome editing in a variety of organisms, including several plant species (Chen & Liu, <span>2023</span>). Efforts to further optimize effective PE in mammalian (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Choi <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>) and plant (J. Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Jiang <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>) cells have encompassed several approaches, including transient inhibition of p53 (M. Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>) or mismatch repair-related protein (Chen <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>), separation of nCas9 and RT enzyme (B. Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>), addition of T5 exonucleases to the RT enzyme (Liang <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), engineering the RT enzyme (Zong <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>), treatment with Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (N. Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>), and improving the pegRNA by using circular RNA (B. Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). Among these previous reports, major breakthroughs have been achieved using: (1) engineered pegRNA (epegRNA) with an RNA pseudoknot sequence at the 3′ end to enhance stability and prevent degradation (Nelson <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>); and (2) paired pegRNAs (Lin <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>) to edit different DNA strands simultaneously by RT of two templates.</p><p>The increased PE frequency highlights the concomitant introduction of undesired edits (roughly classified into two types) occurring in addition to desired mutations at target sites (Anzalone <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Nelson <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Zong <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). One type of undesired mutation occurring via PE is the insertion/deletion (indel) mutations and/or tandem duplications induced by endogenous DNA repair pathways. Fusion of an nCas9 variant (H840A + N854A) with M-MLV RT enzyme led to the decreased introduction of unwanted indels and increased frequency of correct edits compared with nCas9 (H840A) in mammalian cells (Lee <i>et al</","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"249 5","pages":"2163-2172"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.70890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Off-target drift of the herbicide dicamba disrupts plant-pollinator interactions via novel pathways'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nph.70906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catharine X. Wood, Zhouqian Jiang, Inesh Amarnath, Lachlan J. N. Waddell, Uma Sophia Batey, Oriana Serna Daza, Katherine Newling, Sally James, Gideon Grogan, William P. Unsworth, Benjamin R. Lichman
Summary The basic amino acids lysine and ornithine are precursors to bioactive alkaloids including nicotine, hyoscyamine, and securinine. The amino acids can be incorporated into alkaloids in a symmetric or nonsymmetric manner. Here, we report the discovery of enzymes responsible for the nonsymmetric pathway. We used transcriptomics and enzyme characterisation, including mutagenesis and isotope labelling, to identify the enzyme catalysing the nonsymmetric lysine incorporation step of securinine biosynthesis in Flueggea suffruticosa . We then used phylogenetics to expand the investigation across plants and identified orthologs from Nicotiana tabacum and Artemisia annua . We report the ornithine/lysine/arginine decarboxy‐oxidases (OLADOs), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzymes responsible for the nonsymmetric pathway, catalysing the single‐step decarboxylative oxidative deamination of lysine, ornithine, or arginine. These enzymes are part of the group III ornithine/lysine/arginine decarboxylase‐like family (OLADLs), previously associated with prokaryotes. We show that OLADLs are widespread in plants and that OLADOs have repeatedly emerged from OLADLs through parallel evolution. This investigation introduces a new class of eukaryotic decarboxylases and describes enzymes involved in multiple alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. It furthermore demonstrates how the principle of parallel evolution at a genomic and enzymatic level can be leveraged for gene discovery across multiple lineages.
{"title":"Parallel evolution of plant alkaloid biosynthesis from bacterial‐like decarboxylases","authors":"Catharine X. Wood, Zhouqian Jiang, Inesh Amarnath, Lachlan J. N. Waddell, Uma Sophia Batey, Oriana Serna Daza, Katherine Newling, Sally James, Gideon Grogan, William P. Unsworth, Benjamin R. Lichman","doi":"10.1111/nph.70884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70884","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> The basic amino acids lysine and ornithine are precursors to bioactive alkaloids including nicotine, hyoscyamine, and securinine. The amino acids can be incorporated into alkaloids in a symmetric or nonsymmetric manner. Here, we report the discovery of enzymes responsible for the nonsymmetric pathway. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We used transcriptomics and enzyme characterisation, including mutagenesis and isotope labelling, to identify the enzyme catalysing the nonsymmetric lysine incorporation step of securinine biosynthesis in <jats:italic>Flueggea suffruticosa</jats:italic> . We then used phylogenetics to expand the investigation across plants and identified orthologs from <jats:italic>Nicotiana tabacum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Artemisia annua</jats:italic> . </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We report the ornithine/lysine/arginine decarboxy‐oxidases (OLADOs), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzymes responsible for the nonsymmetric pathway, catalysing the single‐step decarboxylative oxidative deamination of lysine, ornithine, or arginine. These enzymes are part of the group III ornithine/lysine/arginine decarboxylase‐like family (OLADLs), previously associated with prokaryotes. We show that OLADLs are widespread in plants and that OLADOs have repeatedly emerged from OLADLs through parallel evolution. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> This investigation introduces a new class of eukaryotic decarboxylases and describes enzymes involved in multiple alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. It furthermore demonstrates how the principle of parallel evolution at a genomic and enzymatic level can be leveraged for gene discovery across multiple lineages. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinxin Yang,Jinkui Cheng,Feier Wang,Aifang Ma,Yu Wang,Zhizhong Gong
Transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role in regulating the expression of drought-responsive genes. Elucidating how TFs are modulated by stress signals will contribute to deciphering the impacts of drought on transcriptional regulation. We discovered that the mutation of an HD-Zip IV TF ZmOCL1 (OUTER CELL LAYER1) enhances susceptibility to water deficit. Transcriptome analysis and biochemical evidence demonstrated that a dehydrin gene ZmDHN2 is one of the direct target genes of ZmOCL1. Overexpression of ZmDHN2 in maize confers drought resistance by regulating stomatal closure, elevating peroxidase activity, and reducing hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Screening for an upstream kinase of ZmOCL1 identified a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ZmMPK5, which is activated by dehydration. ZmMPK5 phosphorylates ZmOCL1 at the Ser283 residue and increases its binding affinity to the ZmDHN2 promoter, leading to full induction of ZmDHN2. Overexpression of ZmMPK5 improves drought tolerance and raises the transcription of ZmDHN2 compared to wild-type maize, while knockout of ZmMPK5 results in sensitivity to drought and a decrease in ZmDHN2 transcription. Our work reveals a transcriptional regulatory module in which ZmOCL1 promotes the expression of ZmDHN2 after being phosphorylated by ZmMPK5 in response to drought stress, finally resulting in better adaptation to water scarcity.
转录因子在调控干旱响应基因表达中起着至关重要的作用。阐明tf是如何被胁迫信号调节的，将有助于破译干旱对转录调控的影响。我们发现HD-Zip IV TF ZmOCL1 （OUTER CELL LAYER1）的突变增强了对水分亏缺的敏感性。转录组分析和生化证据表明脱氢基因ZmDHN2是ZmOCL1的直接靶基因之一。ZmDHN2在玉米中的过表达通过调节气孔关闭、提高过氧化物酶活性和减少过氧化氢积累来获得抗旱性。筛选ZmOCL1的上游激酶，鉴定出丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK） ZmMPK5，该激酶可通过脱水激活。ZmMPK5磷酸化ZmOCL1的Ser283残基，并增加其与ZmDHN2启动子的结合亲和力，导致ZmDHN2的完全诱导。与野生型玉米相比，过表达ZmMPK5提高了玉米的耐旱性，ZmDHN2的转录水平提高，而敲除ZmMPK5导致玉米对干旱敏感，ZmDHN2的转录水平降低。我们的研究揭示了一个转录调控模块，其中ZmOCL1在被ZmMPK5磷酸化后促进ZmDHN2的表达，以应对干旱胁迫，最终导致更好的适应缺水。
{"title":"ZmMPK5-mediated ZmOCL1 phosphorylation positively regulates drought tolerance by promoting the induction of ZmDHN2 in maize.","authors":"Xinxin Yang,Jinkui Cheng,Feier Wang,Aifang Ma,Yu Wang,Zhizhong Gong","doi":"10.1111/nph.70898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70898","url":null,"abstract":"Transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role in regulating the expression of drought-responsive genes. Elucidating how TFs are modulated by stress signals will contribute to deciphering the impacts of drought on transcriptional regulation. We discovered that the mutation of an HD-Zip IV TF ZmOCL1 (OUTER CELL LAYER1) enhances susceptibility to water deficit. Transcriptome analysis and biochemical evidence demonstrated that a dehydrin gene ZmDHN2 is one of the direct target genes of ZmOCL1. Overexpression of ZmDHN2 in maize confers drought resistance by regulating stomatal closure, elevating peroxidase activity, and reducing hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Screening for an upstream kinase of ZmOCL1 identified a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ZmMPK5, which is activated by dehydration. ZmMPK5 phosphorylates ZmOCL1 at the Ser283 residue and increases its binding affinity to the ZmDHN2 promoter, leading to full induction of ZmDHN2. Overexpression of ZmMPK5 improves drought tolerance and raises the transcription of ZmDHN2 compared to wild-type maize, while knockout of ZmMPK5 results in sensitivity to drought and a decrease in ZmDHN2 transcription. Our work reveals a transcriptional regulatory module in which ZmOCL1 promotes the expression of ZmDHN2 after being phosphorylated by ZmMPK5 in response to drought stress, finally resulting in better adaptation to water scarcity.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brontë R Shelton,Joana Larrere,Diego Yusta Belsham,Marina Omacini,Andrés Argüelles-Moyao,Erika Buscardo,Danielle Karla Alves da Silva,Xiaoyan Zhao,Naoto Nakamura,Rodolfo Ángeles-Argáiz,Claudia Paz,Noemí Matías-Ferrer,Miranda Mistaya Hart
The advancement of technology in recent decades has given us an unprecedented ability to observe the natural world. With modern sequencing and bioinformatics technologies, we can obtain more information about the microscopic world, and its interactions with the macroscopic world, than ever before. However, fungal studies that use meta'omic technologies have been sparse compared with bacterial and plant-focused studies. In this review, we highlight the ways that meta'omics can help to address pressing questions in belowground plant-fungal ecology, show consistencies that are emerging - and discrepancies that still exist - among analysis pipelines, and advocate for reporting standards that will allow meta'omic research to more fully benefit fungal ecology.
{"title":"Fungal ecology in the age of 'omics.","authors":"Brontë R Shelton,Joana Larrere,Diego Yusta Belsham,Marina Omacini,Andrés Argüelles-Moyao,Erika Buscardo,Danielle Karla Alves da Silva,Xiaoyan Zhao,Naoto Nakamura,Rodolfo Ángeles-Argáiz,Claudia Paz,Noemí Matías-Ferrer,Miranda Mistaya Hart","doi":"10.1111/nph.70900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70900","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of technology in recent decades has given us an unprecedented ability to observe the natural world. With modern sequencing and bioinformatics technologies, we can obtain more information about the microscopic world, and its interactions with the macroscopic world, than ever before. However, fungal studies that use meta'omic technologies have been sparse compared with bacterial and plant-focused studies. In this review, we highlight the ways that meta'omics can help to address pressing questions in belowground plant-fungal ecology, show consistencies that are emerging - and discrepancies that still exist - among analysis pipelines, and advocate for reporting standards that will allow meta'omic research to more fully benefit fungal ecology.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swetlana Kreinert,Luciano Pereira,Lucian Kaack,Marcela T Miranda,Rafael V Ribeiro,Steven Jansen
{"title":"Stems and leaves of angiosperms follow a convex trade-off to optimise hydraulic safety and efficiency.","authors":"Swetlana Kreinert,Luciano Pereira,Lucian Kaack,Marcela T Miranda,Rafael V Ribeiro,Steven Jansen","doi":"10.1111/nph.70895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingquan Meng,Jia Wang,Zhijuan Shi,Hans Lambers,Jiashu Chen,Jingyun Fang,Wenxuan Han
Leaf phosphorus (P) concentration has traditionally been assumed to increase from the equator to the poles. However, whether there exists a uniform or symmetrical latitudinal pattern across both hemispheres has never been examined due to variation in the geological histories, land-sea distribution, and climate of the hemispheres. We analyzed global latitudinal trends in woody plant leaf P concentrations across hemispheres to evaluate four hypotheses underlying these patterns. We show that leaf P concentration was significantly higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, increasing with latitude in the former but decreasing in the latter. Key drivers of leaf P concentration differed between hemispheres: temperature dominated Northern Hemisphere variations, supporting the Temperature-Plant Physiology Hypothesis, while soil available P (indicative of substrate age) primarily influenced Southern Hemisphere trends, supporting the Soil Substrate Age Hypothesis. Temperature and precipitation play opposite roles in forming the leaf P latitudinal patterns in the two hemispheres. Our findings challenge the notion of a traditional latitudinal P gradient and emphasize incorporating hemisphere-specific climatic and edaphic drivers into forest productivity and global P-cycling models. Resolving these asymmetries will improve predictions of vegetation responses to environmental change and enhance Earth system model accuracy.
{"title":"Asymmetry in leaf phosphorus concentration of woody plants and its divergent drivers in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.","authors":"Qingquan Meng,Jia Wang,Zhijuan Shi,Hans Lambers,Jiashu Chen,Jingyun Fang,Wenxuan Han","doi":"10.1111/nph.70911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70911","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf phosphorus (P) concentration has traditionally been assumed to increase from the equator to the poles. However, whether there exists a uniform or symmetrical latitudinal pattern across both hemispheres has never been examined due to variation in the geological histories, land-sea distribution, and climate of the hemispheres. We analyzed global latitudinal trends in woody plant leaf P concentrations across hemispheres to evaluate four hypotheses underlying these patterns. We show that leaf P concentration was significantly higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, increasing with latitude in the former but decreasing in the latter. Key drivers of leaf P concentration differed between hemispheres: temperature dominated Northern Hemisphere variations, supporting the Temperature-Plant Physiology Hypothesis, while soil available P (indicative of substrate age) primarily influenced Southern Hemisphere trends, supporting the Soil Substrate Age Hypothesis. Temperature and precipitation play opposite roles in forming the leaf P latitudinal patterns in the two hemispheres. Our findings challenge the notion of a traditional latitudinal P gradient and emphasize incorporating hemisphere-specific climatic and edaphic drivers into forest productivity and global P-cycling models. Resolving these asymmetries will improve predictions of vegetation responses to environmental change and enhance Earth system model accuracy.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleber J N Chaves,Danilo U Tavares,Isabella V Lemos-Silva,João P S P Bento,Henrique Vilela-Bianchini,Paulo Aecyo,Tami C Cacossi,Marília M Tavares,Gabriel P Sabino,Vitor de A Kamimura,Wagner L Dos Santos,Lucas N Gonçalves,Karina T Silva,Juliana L S Mayer,Rafael V Ribeiro,Diego Escobar-Escobar,Kenneth J Feeley,Clarisse Palma-Silva
In tropical mountains, surviving temperature extremes demands finely tuned strategies. We investigated how populations of the bromeliad Pitcairnia flammea across a 2200 m elevational gradient balance genetic canalization and plasticity, and whether thermal strategies are coordinated between seeds and leaves. Seven populations (n ≥ 20 per site) were studied in the field and in a > 2-yr common-garden experiment. Leaf traits (mass per area, area, succulence, stomatal, and trichome densities) and thermal tolerance (T50 for heat and cold) were measured, and germination assays (10-35°C) quantified seed thermal performances. Multivariate analyses linked leaf and seed traits to elevation and local thermal conditions. Heat tolerance and leaf traits were maintained in the common garden, indicating strong canalization, whereas cold tolerance was highly plastic, decreasing by up to 17.9°C. Seeds from high elevations germinated faster, with higher cardinal temperatures and c. 230 fewer growing degree days than lowland seeds. Thermal niche differentiation in P. flammea arises from canalized heat resistance and plastic cold responses, coordinated across leaves and seeds. Considering thermal traits across life stages improves predictions of population resilience under climate warming.
{"title":"Canalized to heat, plastic to cold: adaptive coordination of leaf and seed strategies in populations spanning an elevational gradient.","authors":"Cleber J N Chaves,Danilo U Tavares,Isabella V Lemos-Silva,João P S P Bento,Henrique Vilela-Bianchini,Paulo Aecyo,Tami C Cacossi,Marília M Tavares,Gabriel P Sabino,Vitor de A Kamimura,Wagner L Dos Santos,Lucas N Gonçalves,Karina T Silva,Juliana L S Mayer,Rafael V Ribeiro,Diego Escobar-Escobar,Kenneth J Feeley,Clarisse Palma-Silva","doi":"10.1111/nph.70912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70912","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical mountains, surviving temperature extremes demands finely tuned strategies. We investigated how populations of the bromeliad Pitcairnia flammea across a 2200 m elevational gradient balance genetic canalization and plasticity, and whether thermal strategies are coordinated between seeds and leaves. Seven populations (n ≥ 20 per site) were studied in the field and in a > 2-yr common-garden experiment. Leaf traits (mass per area, area, succulence, stomatal, and trichome densities) and thermal tolerance (T50 for heat and cold) were measured, and germination assays (10-35°C) quantified seed thermal performances. Multivariate analyses linked leaf and seed traits to elevation and local thermal conditions. Heat tolerance and leaf traits were maintained in the common garden, indicating strong canalization, whereas cold tolerance was highly plastic, decreasing by up to 17.9°C. Seeds from high elevations germinated faster, with higher cardinal temperatures and c. 230 fewer growing degree days than lowland seeds. Thermal niche differentiation in P. flammea arises from canalized heat resistance and plastic cold responses, coordinated across leaves and seeds. Considering thermal traits across life stages improves predictions of population resilience under climate warming.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"380 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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