New Phytologist最新文献_第5页

ZmNPF7.10 confers potassium and nitrogen distribution from node to leaf in maize

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20422

Yingying Hu, Man Zhang, Kangqi Wang, Peipei Tan, Si Jing, Wu Han, Shuwei Wang, Kaina Zhang, Xiaoming Zhao, Xiaohong Yang, Yi Wang

In graminaceous plants, nodes play vital roles in nutrient allocation, especially for preferential nutrient distribution to developing leaves and reproductive organs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this distribution remain poorly understood.
In this study, we identified a transporter named ZmNPF7.10 that is involved in potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) distribution in maize nodes. In Xenopus oocytes, ZmNPF7.10 showed NO₃⁻ and K⁺ transport activity in a pH-dependent manner. ZmNPF7.10 is predominantly expressed in the nodes at the reproductive growth stage, and preferentially expressed in the xylem parenchyma cells of enlarged vascular bundles (EVBs) in nodes. Disruption of ZmNPF7.10 resulted in the decline of K and N in leaves, but accumulation of K and N in nodes, suggesting ZmNPF7.10 conducts K and N distribution from nodes to leaves in maize.
We identified a natural variant of 7.1-kb InDel in the promoter region that was significantly associated with ZmNPF7.10 transcript level in nodes, leaf K and N concentration, as well as grain yield.
These findings demonstrate that ZmNPF7.10 functions as a dual role transporter that mediates K and N distribution in nodes. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms of nutrient distribution in maize.

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引用次数: 0

Evolution and diversification of the momilactone biosynthetic gene cluster in the genus Oryza

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20416

Santiago Priego-Cubero, Youming Liu, Tomonobu Toyomasu, Michael Gigl, Yuto Hasegawa, Hideaki Nojiri, Corinna Dawid, Kazunori Okada, Claude Becker

<h2> Introduction</h2><h3> Biosynthetic gene clusters and their evolution</h3>With more and more plant reference genome assemblies becoming available, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), i.e., the co-localization of often phylogenetically unrelated genes that participate in the same biosynthetic cascade of specialized metabolites, have emerged as a common feature of genomic organization in plants (Polturak et al., 2022b). BGCs are postulated to confer evolutionary advantages because they facilitate coordinated gene expression, enable the reliable coinheritance of genes involved in the same metabolic pathway (thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic intermediates), or facilitate the formation of metabolons (Nützmann et al., 2016). However, the mechanisms by which such nonorthologous genes become localized in the same genomic region and act in the same biosynthetic pathway are still poorly understood. Currently, the most common model proposes that they have formed through a series of events that is driven by both positive- and negative-selection pressure, starting with gene duplication, followed by neofunctionalization, and ultimately relocation. In some cases, this process appears to have been mediated by transposable elements (Polturak et al., 2022b; Smit & Lichman, 2022).<h3> Biological functions of rice phytoalexins, labdane-related diterpenoids and momilactones</h3>Phytoalexins are low-molecular-mass specialized plant metabolites that are often produced under biotic and abiotic stress conditions (Ahuja et al., 2012). In rice (Oryza sativa), the major phytoalexins are a group of labdane-related diterpenoids (reviewed in Toyomasu et al., 2020), which derive from the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into ent, syn, or normal stereoisomers of copalyl diphosphate (CDP) by the class II diterpene synthases Copalyl Diphosphate Synthases (CPSs). The biosynthesis of these metabolites has evolved from that of gibberellins (GAs), ent labdane-related diterpenoids themselves, through duplication and neofunctionalization of core biosynthetic enzymes (Zi et al., 2014). Several ent and syn (but not normal) rice labdane-related diterpenoids have been identified, including momilactones A and B, phytocassanes A to F, and oryzalexins (A to F, and S) (Zi et al., 2014; Toyomasu et al., 2020). Notably, momilactone A and, more prominently, momilactone B have a strong allelopathic activity, that is they inhibit the germination and growth of nearby plants upon being released by the rice plants into the soil (Kato et al., 1973; Kato-Noguchi et al., 2010; Serra Serra et al., 2021). Both compounds accumulate in rice husks but are also exuded from the roots (Kato-Noguc

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引用次数: 0

California annual grass phenology and allometry influence ecosystem dynamics and fire regime in a vegetation demography model

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20421

Xiulin Gao, Charles D. Koven, Marcos Longo, Zachary Robbins, Polly Thornton, Alex Hall, Samuel Levis, Stefan Rahimi, Chonggang Xu, Lara M. Kueppers

<h2> Introduction</h2>Grasslands cover > 30% of the Earth surface; therefore, accurately representing grassland ecosystems in Earth System Models (ESMs) is important for understanding vegetation–climate–fire feedbacks (Blair et al., 2014). Grasslands also store about one-third of global terrestrial carbon stocks, mostly in the form of soil organic matter, which may be more stable under changing climate and shifting disturbance regimes than living biomass (Bai & Cotrufo, 2022; Wilcox et al., 2023). Grasslands are one of the predominant vegetation types in arid and semiarid regions where tree cover is limited by climate and recurrent disturbances (Anderson, 2006). Persistence of grasses in ecosystems such as grasslands and savannas depends on just-enough precipitation and periodic disturbances to prevent woody plant encroachment and maintain a dynamic equilibrium (Scholes & Archer, 1997; Marañón et al., 2009). However, anticipated changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation extremes and fire disturbances will likely alter species composition and thus ecosystem structure and carbon dynamics in grasslands (Staver et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2017; D'Onofrio et al., 2019). Yet, representing change in these grassy ecosystems in ESMs remains a modeling challenge due to the complexity introduced by climate–vegetation–fire feedbacks and limited investment in simulating herbaceous communities (Beckage et al., 2009, Dantas et al., 2016, Holdo & Nippert, 2023).In the last decade, dynamic vegetation demography models (VDMs) that capture size-dependent growth, mortality, and competition for water, nutrients and light have been a focus of development by the ESM community to better predict the role of vegetation dynamics on global carbon cycles (Fisher et al., 2018). They are also useful tools for understanding the local and regional drivers of community structure and ecosystem function. However, most vegetation demographic models (e.g. LPJ-GUESS, ED2, and FATES but see aDGVM) were originally developed for closed-canopy forests with most model applications hitherto focused on tree-dominated systems, resulting in less developed model processes and poorly calibrated model parameters for grass plant functional types (PFTs) and open ecosystems (Sitch et al., 2003; Medvigy et al., 2009; Moncrieff et al., 2014; Koven et al., 2020). One of the fundamental differences between trees and grasses is the size-dependent carbon allocation to different plant structures (Niklas, 2004), which is important for understanding plant–environment interactions and species competition (Shipley & Meziane, 2002; Metcal

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引用次数: 0

A transcription factor SlWRKY71 activated the H2S generating enzyme SlDCD1 enhancing the response to Pseudomonas syringae pv DC3000 in tomato leaves

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20431

Yu-Qi Zhao, Chen Sun, Kang-Di Hu, Yue Yu, Zhi Liu, Ying-Chun Song, Ren-Jie Xiong, Yue Ma, Hua Zhang, Gai-Fang Yao

H₂S is a well-known gaseous signaling molecule that plays important roles in plant response to biotic stresses. Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) could cause enormous loss, while whether H₂S could modulate plant defense against Pst is still unclear.
By CRISPR/Cas9, the Sldcd1 gene editing mutant showed reduced endogenous H₂S content and attenuated resistance, whereas treatment with exogenous H₂S could enhance the resistance. A transcription factor, SlWRKY71, was screened and identified to promote the transcription of SlDCD1 via yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter system, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and transient overexpression.
Here, it was found that exogenous H₂S relieved the symptoms of bacterial speck disease in tomato leaves, conferring tolerance to Pst. DC3000, and the expression of the H₂S-producing enzyme SlDCD1 was significantly induced. The Slwrky71 mutant also showed reduced defense in tomato leaves against Pst. DC3000, whereas SlWRKY71-OE tomato leaves showed increased tolerance. Transient overexpression of SlDCD1 in the context of Slwrky71 with exogenous H₂S treatment has stronger resistance, and the overexpression of SlWRKY71 in the context of Sldcd1 showed relatively weak disease resistance, and with the addition of H₂S enhanced the effect.
Therefore, we concluded that SlWRKY71 could activate SlDCD1 expression and promote endogenous H₂S production, thereby improving tomato leaves resistance to Pst. DC3000.

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引用次数: 0

Epigenetic state and gene expression remain stable after CRISPR/Cas-mediated chromosomal inversions

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20403

Solmaz Khosravi, Rebecca Hinrichs, Michelle Rönspies, Reza Haghi, Holger Puchta, Andreas Houben

<h2> Introduction</h2>There is a general correlation between the chromosomal position of a DNA sequence, the epigenetic state of the chromatin as well as gene activity (Grewal & Moazed, 2003; Liu et al., 2016). Chromosome arms are euchromatin-enriched, whereas centromeric and pericentromeric regions are heterochromatic in many species (Roudier et al., 2009). Euchromatin, which is the decondensed fraction of chromatin, contains mostly active genes (Strahl et al., 1999). By contrast, heterochromatin, the condensed chromatin fraction, is poor in genes and gene activity (Fischer et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2016). The formation and maintenance of the chromatin status is regulated epigenetically by DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications. Heterochromatin is enriched in hypermethylated DNA and dimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me2) (Soppe et al., 2002). By contrast, euchromatin is linked with trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3) and less C-methylation of DNA.Position effect variegation (PEV), discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Gowen & Gay, 1934) and humans (Finelli et al., 2012), as well as the telomere position effect (TPE), discovered in budding yeast, are examples for possible effects of the chromosomal position on gene expression (Gottschling et al., 1990). Genes undergo differential expression in PEV because chromosomal inversions create new heterochromatin–euchromatin borders, and euchromatic genes juxtaposed to heterochromatic regions undergo heterochromatin-induced gene silencing (Hessler, 1958; Elgin & Reuter, 2013). The impact of the chromosomal position on gene expression is well-studied in the case of the expression of the 45S rDNA loci in Arabidopsis thaliana (Mohannath et al., 2016). Also, other studies suggest that changes in gene expression follow the introduction of chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions or translocations, due to reorganization of large regulatory domains (Naseeb et al., 2016). They are also reported to cause the modification of genetic regions adjacent to the breakpoints (Lavington & Kern, 2017), the epigenetic environment of translocated and adjacent regions (Wesley & Eanes, 1994; Fournier et al., 2010), or to cause nuclear reorganization (Fournier et al., 2010; Harewood et al., 2010). However, it is unknown whether the reported gene expression and epigenetic changes occurred immediately after the introduction of the chromosomal rearrangements or whether they were established over time in subsequent generations.To unravel the effect of chromosomal inversions on the epigenetic state of chromatin and t

{"title":"Epigenetic state and gene expression remain stable after CRISPR/Cas-mediated chromosomal inversions","authors":"Solmaz Khosravi, Rebecca Hinrichs, Michelle Rönspies, Reza Haghi, Holger Puchta, Andreas Houben","doi":"10.1111/nph.20403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20403","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000There is a general correlation between the chromosomal position of a DNA sequence, the epigenetic state of the chromatin as well as gene activity (Grewal & Moazed, 2003; Liu et al., 2016). Chromosome arms are euchromatin-enriched, whereas centromeric and pericentromeric regions are heterochromatic in many species (Roudier et al., 2009). Euchromatin, which is the decondensed fraction of chromatin, contains mostly active genes (Strahl et al., 1999). By contrast, heterochromatin, the condensed chromatin fraction, is poor in genes and gene activity (Fischer et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2016). The formation and maintenance of the chromatin status is regulated epigenetically by DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications. Heterochromatin is enriched in hypermethylated DNA and dimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me2) (Soppe et al., 2002). By contrast, euchromatin is linked with trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3) and less C-methylation of DNA.\u0000Position effect variegation (PEV), discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Gowen & Gay, 1934) and humans (Finelli et al., 2012), as well as the telomere position effect (TPE), discovered in budding yeast, are examples for possible effects of the chromosomal position on gene expression (Gottschling et al., 1990). Genes undergo differential expression in PEV because chromosomal inversions create new heterochromatin–euchromatin borders, and euchromatic genes juxtaposed to heterochromatic regions undergo heterochromatin-induced gene silencing (Hessler, 1958; Elgin & Reuter, 2013). The impact of the chromosomal position on gene expression is well-studied in the case of the expression of the 45S rDNA loci in Arabidopsis thaliana (Mohannath et al., 2016). Also, other studies suggest that changes in gene expression follow the introduction of chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions or translocations, due to reorganization of large regulatory domains (Naseeb et al., 2016). They are also reported to cause the modification of genetic regions adjacent to the breakpoints (Lavington & Kern, 2017), the epigenetic environment of translocated and adjacent regions (Wesley & Eanes, 1994; Fournier et al., 2010), or to cause nuclear reorganization (Fournier et al., 2010; Harewood et al., 2010). However, it is unknown whether the reported gene expression and epigenetic changes occurred immediately after the introduction of the chromosomal rearrangements or whether they were established over time in subsequent generations.\u0000To unravel the effect of chromosomal inversions on the epigenetic state of chromatin and t","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A positive feedback loop of cytokinin signaling ensures efficient de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20409

Kyounghee Lee, Hobin Yoon, Ok-Sun Park, Pil Joon Seo

<h2> Introduction</h2>Plants possess a remarkable ability to regenerate tissues, which enables the healing of wounds and the induction of de novo organogenesis. In vitro plant tissue culture techniques are based on the regenerative capacity of plants and facilitate the reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into a new organ or even an entire plant (Sugimoto et al., 2010). Differentiated plant tissues are used as explants to generate a pluripotent cell mass, called callus, on auxin-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM) (Ikeuchi et al., 2013; Zhai & Xu, 2021; Yin et al., 2024). Subsequently, the callus undergoes de novo shoot regeneration on cytokinin-rich shoot-inducing medium (SIM) (Che et al., 2007). A particular emphasis has been placed on de novo shoot organogenesis because the low shoot regeneration rate frequently limits in vitro plant regeneration in many species (Ijaz et al., 2012; Zimik & Arumugam, 2017).Consistent with the fact that de novo shoot regeneration during in vitro tissue culture involves the conversion from callus cells to shoot meristem (Meng et al., 2017; Ogura et al., 2023), key regulators of shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment are implicated in de novo shoot regeneration (Ikeuchi et al., 2016; Eshed Williams, 2021; Mathew & Prasad, 2021). The PLETHORA 3 (PLT3), PLT5, and PLT7 genes, which are expressed in the whole process of plant regeneration, play a particular role in shoot progenitor formation. Upon transferring to SIM, they are specifically expressed in shoot progenitor cells and promote promeristem formation by activating CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) and CUC2 (Kareem et al., 2015). The CUC1 and CUC2 proteins are involved in promoting SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) expression and polarizing PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) localization to initiate shoot meristem development (Hibara et al., 2003; Bilsborough et al., 2011; Kamiuchi et al., 2014; Kareem et al., 2015). CUC2 also activates the expression of XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE 9 (XTH9) encoding a cell wall-loosening enzyme in nonprogenitor cells and contributes to establishing cell polarity for meristem formation (Varapparambath et al., 2022). Additionally, the main cytokinin regulatory axis is linked to the establishment of shoot stem cells in callus. Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), positive regulators of cytokinin signaling, directly promote the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS), which unequivocally regulates the formation of the shoot stem cell nic

{"title":"A positive feedback loop of cytokinin signaling ensures efficient de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis","authors":"Kyounghee Lee, Hobin Yoon, Ok-Sun Park, Pil Joon Seo","doi":"10.1111/nph.20409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20409","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000Plants possess a remarkable ability to regenerate tissues, which enables the healing of wounds and the induction of de novo organogenesis. In vitro plant tissue culture techniques are based on the regenerative capacity of plants and facilitate the reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into a new organ or even an entire plant (Sugimoto et al., 2010). Differentiated plant tissues are used as explants to generate a pluripotent cell mass, called callus, on auxin-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM) (Ikeuchi et al., 2013; Zhai & Xu, 2021; Yin et al., 2024). Subsequently, the callus undergoes de novo shoot regeneration on cytokinin-rich shoot-inducing medium (SIM) (Che et al., 2007). A particular emphasis has been placed on de novo shoot organogenesis because the low shoot regeneration rate frequently limits in vitro plant regeneration in many species (Ijaz et al., 2012; Zimik & Arumugam, 2017).\u0000Consistent with the fact that de novo shoot regeneration during in vitro tissue culture involves the conversion from callus cells to shoot meristem (Meng et al., 2017; Ogura et al., 2023), key regulators of shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment are implicated in de novo shoot regeneration (Ikeuchi et al., 2016; Eshed Williams, 2021; Mathew & Prasad, 2021). The PLETHORA 3 (PLT3), PLT5, and PLT7 genes, which are expressed in the whole process of plant regeneration, play a particular role in shoot progenitor formation. Upon transferring to SIM, they are specifically expressed in shoot progenitor cells and promote promeristem formation by activating CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) and CUC2 (Kareem et al., 2015). The CUC1 and CUC2 proteins are involved in promoting SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) expression and polarizing PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) localization to initiate shoot meristem development (Hibara et al., 2003; Bilsborough et al., 2011; Kamiuchi et al., 2014; Kareem et al., 2015). CUC2 also activates the expression of XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE 9 (XTH9) encoding a cell wall-loosening enzyme in nonprogenitor cells and contributes to establishing cell polarity for meristem formation (Varapparambath et al., 2022). Additionally, the main cytokinin regulatory axis is linked to the establishment of shoot stem cells in callus. Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), positive regulators of cytokinin signaling, directly promote the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS), which unequivocally regulates the formation of the shoot stem cell nic","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The asymmetry engine: how plants harness asymmetries to shape their bodies

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20413

Kristoffer Jonsson, Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska, Rishikesh P. Bhalerao

Plant development depends on growth asymmetry to establish body plans and adapt to environmental stimuli. We explore how plants initiate, propagate, and regulate organ-wide growth asymmetries. External cues, such as light and gravity, and internal signals, including stochastic cellular growth variability, drive these asymmetries. The plant hormone auxin orchestrates growth asymmetry through its distribution and transport. Mechanochemical feedback loops, exemplified by apical hook formation, further amplify growth asymmetries, illustrating the dynamic interplay between biochemical signals and physical forces. Growth asymmetry itself can serve as a continuous cue, influencing subsequent growth decisions. By examining specific cellular programs and their responses to asymmetric cues, we propose that the decision to either amplify or dampen these asymmetries is key to shaping plant organs.

引用次数: 0

When lettuce bolts: natural selection vs artificial selection and beyond

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20402

Dandan Yang, Cao Xu

<div>Bolting, the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development, is a critical step of flowering plants. Determining the timing of bolting is a pivotal life history trait that has evolved over time to optimize reproductive success across diverse environments (Jung & Müller, 2009). In crops like lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), which is primarily cultivated for its edible rosette leaves, bolting marks the end of vegetative leaf production and the onset of flowering (Van Treuren et al., 2012). Premature bolting significantly reduces the biomass of vegetative growth in lettuce. Notably, the initiation of flower signaling causes biochemical changes that lead to the accumulation of latex in the leaves, resulting in an undesirable bitter taste and compromising crop quality (Simonne et al., 2002). Therefore, unraveling the regulatory networks governing the vegetative–flowering transition would contribute to developing lettuce cultivars resistant to premature bolting. A new paper by Qi et al., recently published in New Phytologist (2024, doi: 10.1111/nph.20307), identified a key bolting regulator, the LsKN1 (KNOTTED 1) transcription factor, in this process. A natural variation allele of LsKN1 can modulate the gibberellin (GA) pathway to delay bolting in modern lettuce. This discovery not only advances our understanding of lettuce bolting but also highlights the potential of leveraging natural genetic diversity to improve crop traits and deal with environmental challenges. <blockquote>‘Qi et al.'s research exemplifies the power of leveraging natural genetic diversity to address key agricultural challenges.’<div></div></blockquote></div>The vegetative–flowering transition is regulated by a complex network of genetic and environmental factors. Over the past decade, many genes have been implicated in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana (Bouché et al., 2016). Investigating homologous genes and their regulatory mechanisms has provided insights into the molecular mechanism of bolting in lettuce (Fukuda et al., 2011, 2017). However, lettuce has a more complex genome and unique features in terms of vegetable crop traits compared with Arabidopsis. Modern lettuce variants exhibit tremendous morphological variation, especially regarding the rate of transition to flowering (Ryder, 1988; Zhang et al., 2017). Genetic variation in lettuce not only serves as a crucial resource for breeding and improvement but also offers opportunities to identify key genes for bolting. In this study, Qi et al. generated a segregating population by crossing a crisphead-type cultivar with a stem-type cultivar to map the LsKN1 allele. They demonstrate that the activated allele, LsKN1TP, resulting from a CACTA-like transposon insertion,

{"title":"When lettuce bolts: natural selection vs artificial selection and beyond","authors":"Dandan Yang, Cao Xu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Bolting, the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development, is a critical step of flowering plants. Determining the timing of bolting is a pivotal life history trait that has evolved over time to optimize reproductive success across diverse environments (Jung & Müller, 2009). In crops like lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), which is primarily cultivated for its edible rosette leaves, bolting marks the end of vegetative leaf production and the onset of flowering (Van Treuren et al., 2012). Premature bolting significantly reduces the biomass of vegetative growth in lettuce. Notably, the initiation of flower signaling causes biochemical changes that lead to the accumulation of latex in the leaves, resulting in an undesirable bitter taste and compromising crop quality (Simonne et al., 2002). Therefore, unraveling the regulatory networks governing the vegetative–flowering transition would contribute to developing lettuce cultivars resistant to premature bolting. A new paper by Qi et al., recently published in New Phytologist (2024, doi: 10.1111/nph.20307), identified a key bolting regulator, the LsKN1 (KNOTTED 1) transcription factor, in this process. A natural variation allele of LsKN1 can modulate the gibberellin (GA) pathway to delay bolting in modern lettuce. This discovery not only advances our understanding of lettuce bolting but also highlights the potential of leveraging natural genetic diversity to improve crop traits and deal with environmental challenges. <blockquote>‘Qi et al.'s research exemplifies the power of leveraging natural genetic diversity to address key agricultural challenges.’\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>\u0000The vegetative–flowering transition is regulated by a complex network of genetic and environmental factors. Over the past decade, many genes have been implicated in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana (Bouché et al., 2016). Investigating homologous genes and their regulatory mechanisms has provided insights into the molecular mechanism of bolting in lettuce (Fukuda et al., 2011, 2017). However, lettuce has a more complex genome and unique features in terms of vegetable crop traits compared with Arabidopsis. Modern lettuce variants exhibit tremendous morphological variation, especially regarding the rate of transition to flowering (Ryder, 1988; Zhang et al., 2017). Genetic variation in lettuce not only serves as a crucial resource for breeding and improvement but also offers opportunities to identify key genes for bolting. In this study, Qi et al. generated a segregating population by crossing a crisphead-type cultivar with a stem-type cultivar to map the LsKN1 allele. They demonstrate that the activated allele, LsKN1TP, resulting from a CACTA-like transposon insertion, ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic modeling identifies determinants of thermal growth responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20420

Philipp Wendering, Gregory M. Andreou, Roosa A. E. Laitinen, Zoran Nikoloski

<h2> Introduction</h2>Global food security depends on crop yields that are severely threatened by more fluctuating and increasing temperatures – a hallmark of future climate scenarios (Wheeler & von Braun, 2013). Ambient temperature affects all aspects of the plant life cycle, from development and growth to reproduction (Casal & Balasubramanian, 2019; Zhu et al., 2022). Plant responses to temperature changes are most immediately observed at the level of metabolism, followed by changes in gene expression to reestablish homeostasis (Casal & Balasubramanian, 2019). Considering that metabolism is tightly linked to plant growth (Meyer et al., 2007; Pyl et al., 2012), metabolic changes can facilitate rapid plant adaptation to temperature changes at a minimal growth penalty. While we understand that metabolic flexibility is achieved by rerouting nutrient flows within the plant metabolic network, we know little about (1) which enzymes limit plant metabolic changes in temperature? And (2) how these limits emerge from temperature-dependent biochemical constraints under which the metabolic network operates? The availability of a mathematical model that can accurately predict genetic and molecular determinants that affect plant temperature responses will address both questions.A few metabolic models have already considered the effect of temperature on processes that directly affect plant growth (Clark et al., 2020; Wendering & Nikoloski, 2023). For instance, the classical mathematical model of C3 photosynthesis (Farquhar et al., 1980) – an indispensable metabolic pathway for photoautotrophic growth – has been extended to predict effects of temperature changes in net CO2 assimilation (Scafaro et al., 2023). However, this and other modeling efforts addressing responses of metabolic pathways to temperature change (Kannan et al., 2019; Herrmann et al., 2020; Inoue & Noguchi, 2021) consider only a few, lumped metabolic reactions. As a result, these models cannot be used to identify all gene targets modulating plant thermal responses, thus restricting their capacity to predict mitigation strategies. In addition, they cannot be used to make predictions about plant growth responses, due to the limited focus on one selected metabolic pathway. By contrast, genome-scale metabolic models, representing the entirety of known metabolic reactions in a system, have been successfully used to predict growth-related phenotypes and genetic engineering strategies for their modulation using approaches from the constraint-based modeling framework (Herrmann et al., 2019; Tong et al., 2023; Wendering & Nikoloski, 2023). These models allow the design of r

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引用次数: 0

Glycoside-specific metabolomics reveals the novel mechanism of glycinebetaine-induced cold tolerance by regulating apigenin glycosylation in tea plants

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20410

Shan Huang, Sasa Zhang, Xuejing Ma, Xin Zheng, Yaojia Liu, Qinghua Zhu, Xiaoqin Luo, Jilai Cui, Chuankui Song

Glycosylation is a key modification that affects secondary metabolites under stress and is influenced by glycinebetaine (GB) to regulate plant stress tolerance. However, the complexity and detection challenges of glycosides hinder our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of their metabolic interaction with GB during stress.
A glycoside-specific metabolomic approach utilizing cone voltage-induced in-source dissociation was developed, achieving precise and high-throughput detection of glycosides in tea plants by narrowing the target ion range by 94.3%. Combined with enzyme activity assays, exogenous spraying, and gene silencing, this approach helps investigate the role of GB-glycosides cascade effect in enhancing cold tolerance of tea plants.
Our method demonstrated that silencing betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (CsBADH1) in tea plants altered 60 glycoside ions while reducing GB content and cold tolerance, indicating that glycosylation affects GB-mediated cold tolerance. By combining glycoside-specific with conventional metabolomics, isorhoifolin, a GB-regulated cold response metabolite was discovered, and its precursor apigenin was found to be a new cold tolerance metabolite that enhanced cold tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species.
This study reveals a new mechanism by which GB mediated cold tolerance in tea plants through regulating apigenin glycosylation, broadening our understanding of the role of glycosylation in plant cold tolerance.

{"title":"Glycoside-specific metabolomics reveals the novel mechanism of glycinebetaine-induced cold tolerance by regulating apigenin glycosylation in tea plants","authors":"Shan Huang, Sasa Zhang, Xuejing Ma, Xin Zheng, Yaojia Liu, Qinghua Zhu, Xiaoqin Luo, Jilai Cui, Chuankui Song","doi":"10.1111/nph.20410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20410","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>Glycosylation is a key modification that affects secondary metabolites under stress and is influenced by glycinebetaine (GB) to regulate plant stress tolerance. However, the complexity and detection challenges of glycosides hinder our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of their metabolic interaction with GB during stress.</li>\u0000<li>A glycoside-specific metabolomic approach utilizing cone voltage-induced in-source dissociation was developed, achieving precise and high-throughput detection of glycosides in tea plants by narrowing the target ion range by 94.3%. Combined with enzyme activity assays, exogenous spraying, and gene silencing, this approach helps investigate the role of GB-glycosides cascade effect in enhancing cold tolerance of tea plants.</li>\u0000<li>Our method demonstrated that silencing betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (CsBADH1) in tea plants altered 60 glycoside ions while reducing GB content and cold tolerance, indicating that glycosylation affects GB-mediated cold tolerance. By combining glycoside-specific with conventional metabolomics, isorhoifolin, a GB-regulated cold response metabolite was discovered, and its precursor apigenin was found to be a new cold tolerance metabolite that enhanced cold tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species.</li>\u0000<li>This study reveals a new mechanism by which GB mediated cold tolerance in tea plants through regulating apigenin glycosylation, broadening our understanding of the role of glycosylation in plant cold tolerance.</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0